EXCHANGE 


U-OUK ^  n l &fT5? ,< 

lew  York  and  (be  War  with  Spain 


HISTORY 


OF   THE 


EMPIRE  STATE  REGIMENTS 


Published  under  the  Dhtctivn  of  the  State  Historian 


ALBANY : 

THE   ARGUS   COMPANY,  PRINTERS 

1903 


f\J5/V(b 


EXCHANGE 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


PAGE 

Preservation   of  Records 2 

Oar    State    Flags 3 

Preservation    of    Historical    Structures 4 

The  Sword  of  Washington  in  the  State  Library 5-9 

New  York  in   the    Spanish   War 9-305 

History  of  the  First  Regiment, .  New  York  Volunteers 17-44 

History  of  the  Second  Regiment,  New  York  Volunteers 45-82 

History  of  the  Third  Regiment,  New  York  Volunteers 83-127 

History  of  the  Sixty-ninth  Regiment,  New  York  Volunteers. ..  .128-151 
History  of  the  Seventy-first  Regiment,  New  York  Volunteers. ..  .152-305 

Gallantry  of  a  New  York  Naval  Officer 306-313 

Newspaper   Correspondents   and   the   War 314-318 

Index.  ..319-429 


916817 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


I.  Governor   Frank   S.   Black Frontispiece 

OPPOSITB  PAGE 
II.  General  Thomas  H.  Barber 18 

III.  Field  Officers,  First  Regiment 24 

IV.  The  First  Regiment,  New  York  Volunteers  Raising  the  First 

American   Flag   at    Honolulu 28 

V.  Departure  of  the  Tenth  Battalion  from  Albany 30 

VI.  First   Regiment  —  Evening'   Parade 34 

VII.  First  Regiment   Camp   at  Honolulu 38 

VIII.  Colonel  Edward  E.  Hardin .' 46 

IX.  Colonel  James   H.   Lloyd 70 

X.  General  Edward  Morris  Hoffman 84 

XI.  Field  Officers,  Third  Regiment 98 

XII.  Camps,   Third  Regiment 104 

XIII.  Field   and   Staff,    Third   Regiment . 120 

XIV.  Colonel  Arthur  MacArthur 150 

XV.  Colonel   Wallace   Abel    Downs 178 

XVI.  Henry  L.   Stoddard 194 

XVII.  Henry    S.    Brown 226 

XVIII.  The  Sommers  N.   Smith..  .  316 


STATE  OF  New  YORK 


No.  68. 


IN     ASSEMBLY, 


APRIL  18,  1903. 


ANNUAL   REPORT 


OF   THE 


STATE   HISTORIAN 


STATE    CAPITOL, 

ALBANY,  N.  Y.,  April  17,  1903. 

Hon.  S.  FRED.  NIXON,  Speaker  of  the  Assembly,  State  of  New 

York : 
SIR. —  I  have  the  honor  herewith  to  enclose  the  Annual  Report 

of  the  State  Historian. 

Respectfully  yours, 

HUGH  HASTINGS, 

State  Historian. 


PRESERVATION  OF  RECORDS. 

The  matter  of  preservation  of  local  records  has  lately  been 
extensively  considered  by  persons  and  societies  interested  in 
this  important  subject.  The  neglect  with  which  priceless  records 
have  been  treated  and  abused  in  certain  towns  and  counties  has 
long  been  a  notorious  disgrace.  Many  custodians  have  shown 
utter  indifference  to  the  sacred  character  of  the  trust  reposed 
in  them  while  others  without  a  shadow  of  right  have  wantonly 
destroyed  documents  of  the  most  valuable  character.  A  systematic 
investigation  lately  pursued  under  private  sources  has  brought 
to  light  a  condition  of  affairs  that  calls  for  legislative  coopera 
tion  and  legislative  remedy.  A  bill  has  been  introduced  into 
your  honorable  body  which  proposes  to  change  the  title  of  the 
office  of  State  Historian  to  that  of  State  Record  Commissioner. 
In  the  preparation  of  the  bill  or  in  the  proposed  change  of  title, 
the  head  of  this  department  was  not  consulted.  The  bill  was 
submitted  and  with  the  exception  of  two  minor  details  was 
approved  by  this  department  under  the  general  policy  to 
cooperate  in  the  development  of  any  plan  or  proposition 
that  tended  to  promote  greater  care  in  the  preservation 
of  official  records,  State,  county,  city  or  town.  Considered 
in  committee  of  General  Laws  of  the  Assembly  and  Finance  of 
the  Senate,  opposition  developed  against  the  bill  mainly  because 
of  the  radical  determination  to  change  the  title  of  a  State  de 
partment  that  had  been  in  existence  for  eight  years  and  because 
of  the  apprehension  that  the  bill,  if  not  in  principle,  in  intention 
at  least,  infringed  upon  the  doctrine  of  home  rule  by  permitting  a 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  3 

State  officer  to  invade  the  rights  of  local  authorities.  The  matter 
will  no  doubt  be  renewed  next  year.  It  is  recommended  that  the 
Record  Commissioner  should  be  attached  to  the  office  of  Secretary 
of  State,  the  constitutional  keeper  of  State  archives,  rather  than 
to  this  department,  which  is  not  an  office  of  record,  and  which 
was  originally  created  for  purposes  radically  different  from  those 
suggested  by  the  Record  Commission  bill. 

OUR    STATE    FLAGS. 

The  preservation  of  our  State  battle  flags  for  all  time  to  come 
should  appeal  to  the  patriotism  of  every  citizen.  A  battle  tiag 
is  a  sacred  part  of  the  history  of  a  State  and  represents  all  that 
is  noble  and  self-sacrificing  in  human  nature.  European  coun 
tries  preserve  their  battle  scarred  standards  by  mounting  each  on 
wire  to  insure  their  preservation  as  long  as  the  county  endures. 
We  have  been  satisfied  to  herd  our  flags  together  in  a  con 
glomerate  mass  in  air  tight  compartments  which  time  has  shown 
to  be  most  fatal  to  the  life  of  emblems  of  this  character,  instead 
of  arranging  each  flag  by  itself  with  a  distinct  and  suitable  in 
scription  underneath,  detailing  its  history  and  the  battles  in 
which  it  took  part.  Again,  standards  that  should  have  been 
placed  in  the  Capitol  are  permitted  to  remain  in  the  hands  of 
private  individuals  and  societies,  until  it  has  been  discovered  that 
a  number  of  regimental  organizations  that  served  during  the  war 
of  the  Rebellion  are  not  represented  in  the  collection  of  flags  in 
the  State  Capitol.  This  would  seern  to  be  not  only  an  act  of  in 
justice  to  the  organizations  themselves,  but  to  the  men  who  fought 
under  the  colors,  living  and  dead.  The  time  has  come  when  this 
matter  should  receive  the  careful  attention  of  every  surviving 
soldier  of  the  war  of  the  Rebellion  who  is  at  all  interested  in  the 


4  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

preservation  of  the  standards  which  belonged  to  the  regiment  or 
organization  with  which  he  was  connected  during  the  trying  days 
from  1861  to  1865.  The  decimation  among  the  veterans  of  the 
war  between  the  States  is  sorrowfully  increasing  from  year  to 
year.  The  youngest  man  capable  of  bearing  arms  when  hostilities 
ceased,  long  ago  passed  his  half  century  birthday.  The  sugges 
tion  should  not  be  ignored  or  delayed,  but  prompt  and  vigorous 
investigation  should  be  prosecuted  for  the  purpose  of  collecting 
all  outstanding  battle  flags  except  those  that  have  been  disposed 
of  by  legislative  enactment,  bringing  them  together  under  the 
roof  of  the  Capitol  where  they  will  remain  undisturbed  and  as  an 
object  lesson  for  future  generations. 

More  generous  provision  should  be  ordered  by  the  Legislature 
for  the  care  of  the  flags  already  possessed.  Year  by  year  under 
the  system  with  which  they  are  cared  for  by  the  State,  these 
precious  relics  are  disintegrating  and  slowly  crumbling  to  pieces. 

PRESERVATION  OF  HISTORICAL  STRUCTURES. 
Nearly  every  year  the  Legislature  is  requested  to  make  an 
appropriation  for  the  purchase  of  an  historical  landmark.  Some 
times  these  propositions  contain  merit,  often  are  open  to  criti 
cism.  The  question  of  historical  importance  is  in  many  cases 
rendered  subservient  to  the  influence  of  the  legislator  having  the 
bill  in  charge.  In  consequence  the  State  is  exposed  to  the  in 
justice  of  purchasing  and  maintaining  structures  whose  value 
is  insignificant  compared  with  others  that  for  reasons  that  are 
well  understood  never  appear  in  the  market.  The  possibilities 
of  abuses  developing  out  of  methods  so  ragged  and  unbusiness 
like,  are  apparent  at  a  glance.  Options  on  property  are  easily 
obtained  but  the  price  the  State  pays  for  the  investment  is  rarely 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  5 

the  price  of  the  option.  Public  sentiment  in  support  of  so  praise 
worthy  a  purpose  as  the  preservation  of  an  historical  structure 
can  be  manufactured  as  a  rule  for  the  asking.  Careful  investi 
gation  is  regarded  as  superfluous.  This  threatened  abuse  can  be 
overcome  in  a  simple  manner  through  the  medium  of  a  State 
Board  of  Historical  Commissioners  —  two  state  officers  and  the 
president  of  the  local  historical  society  of  the  town  or  city  in 
which  the  property  under  consideration  is  situated  —  who  shall 
serve  without  compensation.  All  bills  introduced  into  the  legis 
lature  for  the  purchase  of  historical  dwellings  or  structures  shall 
be  referred  to  this  Commission,  who  shall  make  a  report  on  the 
advisability  of  buying  or  rejecting  to  the  legislative  committee 
having  charge  of  the  bill. 

THE  SWORD  OF  WASHINGTON  IN  THE  STATE  LIBRARY 
AND  ITS  HISTORY. 

For  years  more  or  less  discussion  has  occurred  over  the  history 
of  the  sword  in  the  State  Library  in  Albany  that  originally  was 
bequeathed  by  will  by  General  Washington,  to  a  relative.  A 
legend  has  drifted  along  from  source  unknown  in  effect  that  Baron 
Steuben  brought  the  sword  from  Frederick  the  Great  and  pre 
sented  it  to  George  Washington  with  a  message  from  the  "  oldest 
general  in  the  world  to  the  greatest.''  In  the  winter  of  1902  when 
Prince  Henry  of  Prussia,  brother  of  Emperor  William,  visited 
Albany  the  sword  was  placed  on  exhibition  in  the  Executive 
Chamber  and  was  handed  by  Governor  Odell  to  the  distinguished 
caller.  Prince  Henry  drew  the  sword  from  the  scabbard  and 
vainly  scrutinized  it  for  a  mark  of  identification  to  establish  the 
place  where  the  weapon  was  manufactured.  It  is  needless  to 
say  that  all  marks  had  been  obliterated  by  constant  polishing; 


6  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

even  the  color  of  the  scabbard  had  been  changed  from  its  original 
color  white  to  green.  Those  conversant  with  the  subject  have 
averred  that  from  its  general  appearance  the  sword  was  made  at 
Solingen,  but  whether  it  was  a  present  from  the  greatest  soldier 
Prussia  ever  produced,  is  open  to  more  or  less  skepticism.  In  the 
attempt  to  determine  the  authenticity  of  the  sword,  under  date 
of  March  27,  1902,  a  letter  was  sent  to  the  Hon.  Andrew  D.  White, 
United  States  Embassy,  Berlin,  Germany,  which  read: 

u  State  Historian's  Office,  Albany,  N.  Y., 

March  27th,  1903. 

Hon.     Andrew    D.     White.     United     States     Embassy,     Berlin, 
Germany : 

Sir. — As  you  no  doubt  have  seen,  considerable  discussion  has 
been  raised  in  certain  of  our  American  newspapers,  over  the 
question  whether  Frederick  the  Great  really  gave  to  General 
Washington  the  sword  now  on  exhibition  in  the  State  Library 
in  this  city.  There  is  no  direct  proof  to  sustain  the  position 
that  Frederick  the  Great  actually  presented  it,  or  that  he  did 
not.  The  sword  is  supposed  to  have  been  received  by  Wash 
ington  in  1780. 

At  the  suggestion  of  several  persons,  among  whom  is  included 
Mr.  Charles  R.  Miller,  editor  of  the  New  York  Times,  I  write  to 
ask  if  it  be  possible  to  institute  an  investigation  among  either 
the  financial  or  diplomatic  archives,  in  order  that  this  discussed 
and  uncertain  question  may  be  settled  for  all  time.  I  am  well 
aware  of  the  difficulties  that  even  the  American  Ambassador 
may  encounter  in  the  prosecution  of  this  investigation,  but  I  do 
not  know  of  a  happier  time  than  the  present  to  carry  it  to  a 
fulfillment  if  it  be  possible. 

Prince  Henry  handled  the  sword,  which  had  been  brought  from 
the  State  Library  to  the  Executive  Chamber,  and  looked  in  vain 
for  the  name  of  the  city  where  it  was  constructed. 

I  have  the  honor  to  forward  you  several  newspaper  clippings  in 
regard  to  the  sword. 

With  assurances  of  the  highest  esteem,  believe  me  to  remain, 
Yours  very  respectfully, 

(Signed)  HUGH  HASTINGS, 

State  Historian." 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  7 

In  reply  the  subjoined  was  received  on  May  3,  1902: 
ki  Embassy  of  the  United  States  of  America,  Berlin,  April  22,  1902. 
Hugh  Hastings,  Esq.,  Albany,  N.  Y. : 

My  dear  Sir. —  Returning  to  .Berlin,  I  open  your  letter  of 
March  27.  It  would  give  me  pleasure  to  be  of  use  in  the  way  you 
suggest;  but,  with  the  time  at  my  disposal  and  various  duties 
pressing  upon  me,  and  in  view  of  the  intricacy  and  difficulty 
of  such  an  investigation  as  that  proposed,  I  should  not  feel  at 
liberty  to  undertake  it  without  special  instructions  from  the 
Department  of  State. 

Should  any  American  scholar  of  proper  standing  be  properly 
accredited  here  for  the  purpose,  it  would  give  me  pleasure  to  in 
troduce  him  in  the  right  quarters  and  to  do  what  I  can  to  make 
his  quest  successful. 

I  remain,  dear  Sir, 

Very  respectfully  yours, 

(Signed)  AND.  D.  WHITE, 

Ambassador." 


In  the  meantime  the  Hon.  John  B.  Jackson,  who  was  the  Sec 
retary  of  the  American  Embassy  and  at  that  time  Charge" 
d'Affaires,  in  the  absence  of  Mr.  White,  had  sent  the  following: 

"  Embassy  of  the  United  States  of  America,  Berlin,  April  7,  1902. 

Hon.    Hugh    Hastings,    State   Historian,    Capitol,   Albany,   New 
York : 

Sir. —  In  the  absence  of  Ambassador  White,  who  is  in  Italy  on 
leave,  I  have  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  27th 
ultimo,  and  to  inform  you  that  I  have  at  once  requested  the 
German  Foreign  Office  to  cause  an  investigation  to  be  made  for 
the  purpose  of  ascertaining  whether  or  not  Frederick  the  Great 
ever  presented  a  sword  to  General  Washington.  1  shall  gladly 
inform  you  as  to  the  nature  of  any  reply  which  may  be  made  to 
this  request. 

I  am,  Sir,  Your  obedient  servant, 

(Signed)  JOHN  B.  JACKSON, 

Charge  d'Affaires." 


8  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

The  then  German  Minister  in  Washington,  Doctor  A.  von  Hol- 
lenbon  was  interested  in  the  subject  and  was  presented  through 
this  ofti'je  with  enlarged  photographs  of  the  sword  and  its  reputed 
history.  Up  to  the  present  time  nothing  has  been  heard  from  Dr. 
von  Hollenben's  investigation.  Under  date  of  June  26,  1902,  Mr. 
Jackson,  whose  efforts  to  cooperate  with  this  Department  in 
establishing  the  identity  of  the  sword  were  worthy  of  all  com 
mendation,  transmitted  the  accompanying  communication : 

"  Embassy  of  the  United  States  of  America,  Berlin,  June  26,  1902. 

Hon.    Hugh    Hastings,    State   Historian,    Capitol,    Albany,   New 
York : 

Sir. —  Referring  to  previous  correspondence  I  have  now  to  in 
form  you  of  the  receipt  of  a  note  from  the  German  Foreign  Office, 
in  which  it  is  stated  that  with  regard  to  the--"  angeregte  Frage 
einer  Schenkung  Friedrichs  des  Grossen  an  den  General  Wash 
ington  eingehende  Ermittelungen  in  den  Koniglich  Preussischen 
Staatsarchiveu  angeordnet  worden  sind,  diese  indess  bisher  zu 
einem  befriedigenden  Ergebniss  nicht  gefiihrt  haben."  Transla 
tion —  ["question  submitted  of  a  presentation  by  Frederick  the 
Great  to  General  Washington,  searching  investigation  in  the 
Royal  Prussian  State-archives  has  been  ordered,  this  so  far  to  a 
satisfactory  result  has  not  led].'7 

Hoping  that  the  Prussian  authorities  may  still  be  able  to  find 
out  something  positive  with  regard  to  the  reported  gift,  I  am,  Sir, 
Your  obedient  servant, 

(Signed)  JOHN  B.  JACKSON, 

Sec'y  of  Embassy." 

Under  date  of  September  23,  1902,  Mr.  Jackson  wrote  as 
follows : 

"  Embassy  of  the  United  States  of  America,  Berlin,  September 

23,  1902. 

Hon.    Hugh    Hastings,    State   Historian,    Capitol,    Albany,   New 
York : 

Sir. —  Referring  to  my  letter  to  you  of  June  26th  last,  M.  No. 
4425,  T  have  now  to  inform  you  that,  to  my  regret,  the  Foreign 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  9 

Office  states  that  no  record  can  be  found  of  the  matter  in  ques 
tion, —  the  presentation  of  a  sword  to  General  Washington,  by 
Frederick  the  Great  of  Prussia.     Consequently,  I  am  afraid  that 
the  tradition  that  such  was  the  case,  was  not  founded  on  fact. 
I  am,  Sir,  Your  obedient  servant, 

(Signed)  JOHN  B.  JACKSON, 

Sec'y  of  Embassy." 


And  in  the  language  of  diplomacy  the  episode  was  closed. 

NEW   YORK   ORGANIZATIONS   IN   THE    SPANISH   WAR. 

At  the  outbreak  of  the  Spanish  War,  profiting  by  the  over 
sights  of  officers  and  remissness  of  subordinates  who  were  respon 
sible  for  keeping  the  records  of  military  organizations  during  the 
War  of  the  Rebellion, .  this  Department  forwarded  to  every 
commanding  officer  of  a  New  York  Regiment  and  Troop  a  sug 
gestion  to  maintain  a  system  of  recording  events  as  they  occurred 
from  time  to  time.  Old  soldiers  of  the  War  of  the  Rebellion  will 
recall  the  indifference  of  many  volunteer  commanding  officers 
to  file  reports  even  in  the  face  of  peremptory  orders  from  head 
quarters.  These  omissions  or  faults  were  conspicuously  in  evi 
dence  during  the  last  two  years  of  the  war  by  the  frequent 
shifting  of  officers  of  high  rank  and  because  of  the  constant 
fighting  and  marching  to  which  the  troops  were  exposed,  leaving 
officers  responsible  for  the  purely  historical  record  of  organiza 
tions  but  little  time,  inclination  and  material  to  perform  this 
necessary  and  important  work. 

When  the  last  war  —  with  Spain  —  occurred  it  was  hoped  that 
a  system  would  be  established  by  which  the  true  histories  of 
the  New  Y'ork  organizations  that  went  to  the  front  would  be 
compiled  in  a  manner  creditable  alike  to  the  officers  and  men 
who  participated  and  suitable  for  posterity.  Acting  upon  this 


10  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

idea  this  office  sent  to  every  regimental  commander  a  copy  of  the 
following  communication : 

Dear  Sir. —  By  this  mail  I  send  you  a  chapter  of  the  forth 
coming  report  of  the  State  Historian  on  the  subject  of  the  cre 
ation  of  a,  recorder  for  every  regiment  of  New  York  Volunteers. 
Of  course,  no  provision  is  made  for  such  an  office  either  by  the 
Military  Code  or  by  the  Hull  Military  Bill.  At  the  same  time, 
if  you  can  see  your  way  clear  to  have  an  itinerary  prepared  by 
some  one  of  your  staff,  or  a  diary  kept,  and  to  furnish  this  office 
at  the  close  of  the  campaign  with  a  copy,  you  will  confer  a  lasting 
obligation  upon  yourself,  your  command  and  posterity. 

In  this  way  New  York  State  ought  to  possess  the  fullest  and 
most  trustworthy  information  relative  to  her  brave  sons  who 
have  volunteered. 

Trusting  you  may  see  your  way  clear  to  cooperate  with  this 
office,  I  have  the  honor  to  remain. 

Very  sincerely  yours, 

HUGH  HASTINGS, 

State  Historian. 

In  order  to  overcome  any  criticism  that  might  arise  from  the 
Federal  authorities,  the  following  paragraph  was  added : 

Should  your  command  go  into  action,  if  it  be  not  inconsistent 
with  army  regulations,  I  would  earnestly  beg  of  you  to  forward 
to  this  office  a  copy  of  the  report  you  make  to  the  War  Depart 
ment  ;  if  it  be  not  regarded  as  violation  of  army  regulations,  will 
you  send  to  this  office  a  statement  of  the  operations  of  your  com 
mand,  in  order  that  future  generations  may  know  that  the  sons 
of  New  York  were  present  and  performed  their  duty  like  soldiers? 
During  the  War  of  the  Rebellion  many  of  the  most  gallant 
organizations  from  New  York  never  received  just  credit  because 
of  the  failure  of  commanding  officers  to  make  reports  on  engage 
ments  in  which  their  regiments  participated.  This  appeal  is 
issued  with  a  view  to  prevent,  if  possible,  that  drawback. 

Subjoined  is  a  copy  of  the  communication  which  was  sent  from 
this  office  to  the  commander  of  every  organization  that  was 
formed  in  the  State  of  New  Yrork  for  service  during  the  Spanish- 
American  war: 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  11 

Sir. —  A  careful  examination  of  the  Official  Records  of  the  Re 
bellion  discloses  throughout  a  deplorable  absence  of  detailed 
information  necessary  to  the  complete  history  of  the  various  vol 
unteer  organizations  that  served  throughout  the  War  of  the 
Rebellion.  This  condition  of  affairs  can  readily  be  understood  — 
through  casualties  to  officers  who  kept  regimental  books,  by  the 
capture,  by  death  and  wounds,  and  to  the  capture  and  destruction 
of  trains,  army  and  railway,  to  the  greenness  of  new  officers  and 
by  the  negligence  and  indifference  of  commanders  of  regiments, 
and  especially  of  detachments.  The  valuable  material  thus  lost, 
so  useful  in  perfecting  the  historical  records  of  regiments,  is 
incalculable. 

With  a  view  of  profiting  by  the  errors  of  our  last  war,  and  of 
establishing  a  system  that  would  obviate  in  the  future  the  loss  of 
such  valuable  material,  and  of  insuring  the  perpetuation  of  every 
detail  of  a  regiment  or  detachment  in  the  field,  the  following 
proposition  is  submitted  for  whatever  criticism  you  may  see  fit 
to  make: 

Attached  to  every  regiment  shall  be  a  commissioned  officer 
who  shall  be  known  as  the  Recorder  of  the  Regiment;  who  shall 
be  under  the  general  authority  of  the  adjutant-general  of  the 
army;  whose  work  shall  be  separate  and  distinct  from  that  of  the 
adjutant  of  the  regiment;  who  shall  be  a  non-combatant;  who 
shall  devote  himself  to  preparing  and  keeping  all  records  involv 
ing  the  movements  of  the  regiment  or  any  part  thereof  while  in 
the  field ;  who  shall  forward  direct  to  the  adjutant-general  daily, 
or  as  frequently  as  events  justify,  all  movements  of  the  regiment 
or  detachments  thereof,  filing  the  name  of  the  commanding  officer 
of  the  regiment,  or  of  the  detachment,  with  the  number  of  men 
actually  engaged,  or  if  a  detachment  the  number  carried  with 
the  detail  from  every  company  or  troop  that  constitutes  such 
detachment ;  who,  before  a  regiment  or  a  detachment  goes  into 
action,  shall  personally  learn  the  number  of  men  to  be  engaged, 
and  at  the  close  of  said  action  shall  compile  a  list  of  casualties, 
by  companies ; 

He  shall  have  such  assistants,  who  shall  also  be  non-combat 
ants,  as,  in  the  judgment  of  the  adjutant-general,  may  be  neces-  • 
sary.  Upon  the  termination  of  any  engagement  or  skirmish,  lie 
shall  formulate  a  succinct  report,  without  comment  or  recom 
mendations,  except  as  to  his  own  department,  giving  in  each 
case  the  name  of  the  officer  in  command  of  the  regiment  or  detach 
ment,  the  number  of  the  brigade,  division  and  corps  to  which  the 
regiment  or  detachment  was  attached,  and  the  part  said  regiment 
or  detachment  took,  the  said  report  to  be  indorsed  by  the  com 
mander  of  the  regiment  or  detachment. 


12  ANNUAL  REPORT  OP  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

The  recorders  of  regiments  and  their  assistants  shall  be  care 
fully  selected  men,  conspicuous  for  good  penmanship  and  general 
intelligence,  and  shall  be  held  to  the  strictest  accountability  for 
accuracy  of  statement,  particularly  in  the  matter  of  dates,  the 
spelling  of  proper  names  and  of  officers,  men,  and  geographical 
places. 

With  great  respect,  I  have  the  honor  to  remain,  sir, 

Yours  very  truly, 
(Signed)  HUGH  HASTINGS, 

State  Historian. 

A  number  of  officers  promptly  acquiesced  in  the  suggestion  and 
made  the  necessary  detail  for  the  purpose.  Particular  credit 
should  be  given  to  Colonel,  afterward  General,  Thomas  H.  Barber 

of  the  First  Regiment;  Colonel  Edward  E.  Hardin,  now  Major 
Seventh  Infantry,  U.  S.  A.,  Colonel  Second  New  York  Volunteers ; 

Colonel,  afterwards  General,  Edward  M.  Hoffman,  Colonel  Third 
New  York ;  Colonel  Edward  Duffy  of  the  Sixty-ninth  New  York ; 
General  Francis  V.  Greene  and  Colonel  Wallace  A.  Downs  of  the 
Seventy-first  Regiment.  The  reports  prepared  under  the  direction 
of  these  officers  are  herewith  subjoined. 
All  of  which  is  respectfully  submitted. 

HUGH  HASTINGS, 

State  Historian. 


HISTORY  OF  FIRST  REGIMENT 
NEW  YORK  VOLUNTEERS 


FIRST  REGIMENT  NEW  YORK 
VOLUNTEERS. 

THOMAS  H.  BARBER,  COLONEL  COMMANDING. 


PAGE 

Record 17-30 

Letters  in  Regard  to  Duty  in  X.  Y.  Harbor 31 

Telegram  from  General  Wesley  Merritt 32 

Telegrams  from  Adjutant-General  U.  S.  A.  and  General  Otis 

in  Regard  to  Duty  at  Honolulu,  H.  1 32-34 

Report  of  Major  Edward  Field,  Acting  Inspector  General 

U.  S.  A 34-37 

Report  Civil  Sanitary  Commission  at  Honolulu 38-39 

Military  Records  of  Field  Officers.  .  .  39-44 


FIRST  REGIMENT,  INFANTRY,  NEW  YORK 
VOLUNTEERS. 

In  accordance  with  section  1,  General  Orders  No.  8,  General 
Headquarters,  S.  N.  Y.,  dated  A.  G.  O.  Albany,  April  27th,  1898, 
the  Commanding  Officer  of  the  Third  Brigade,  N.  G.,  Brigadier 
General  Robert  Shaw  Oliver,  ordered  to  organize  two  Regiments 
from  organizations  of  his  Brigade,  formed  one  of  these  two  Regi 
ments  of  the  Tenth,  Twelfth  and  Seventeenth  Battalions  and  the 
44th  Sep.  Company  of  his  Brigade,  and  designated  it  the  "  First 
Regiment,  National  Guard,  composed  of  organizations  of  the 
Third  Brigade."  The  Regiment  thus  organized  consisted  then  of 
Companies  A,  B,  C  and  D  of  the  Tenth  Battalion,  the  5th,  14th, 
16th  and  24th  Separate  Companies  of  the  12th  Battalion,  the  3d, 
20th  and  33rd  Separate  Companies  of  the  17th  Battalion  and  the 
44th  Separate  Company.  It  appearing  that  the  16th  Separate 
Company  would  find  it  difficult  to  recruit  the  required  number 
of  men,  it  was  relieved  and  replaced  by  the  15th  Separate 
Company. 

The  organizations  above  named  were  located  at  the  time :  Com 
panies  A,  B,  C  and  D,  Tenth  Battalion,  at  Albany,  the  3rd  Sepa 
rate  Company  at  Oneonta,  the  5th  Separate  Company  at  New- 
burgh,  the  14th  Separate  Company  at  Kingston,  the  15th  Separate 
Company  at  Poughkeepsie,  the  20th  Separate  Company  at  Bing- 
hamton,  the  24th  Separate  Company  at  Middletown,  the  33rd 
Separate  Company  at  Walton  and  the  44th  Separate  Company  at 
Utica, 


18  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

Upon  the  recommendation  of  the  Brigade  Commander.,  General 
Oliver,  the  Governor  of  the  State,  appointed  on  April  29th,  1898 : 

General  Thomas  H.  Barber,  formerly  Inspector  General  of  the 
State,  Colonel,  and  Major  Horatio  Potter  Stacpole,  Tenth  Bat 
talion,  Lieutenant-Colonel  of  this  Regiment. 

Pursuant  to  Special  Orders,  Nos.  70  and  72,  dated  Adjutant- 
General's  Office,  Albany,  April  30th,  and  May  1st,  respectively, 
the  organizations  of  which  this  regiment  is  composed  left  their 
home  stations  in  time  to  take  trains  for  Camp  Black  at  Hemp- 
stead  Plains,  Long  Island,  as  follows : 

The  20th  Separate  Company  at  11  p.  m.  May  1st;  the  33rd 
Separate  Company  at  12.15  a.  m.  May  2nd;  the  24th  Separate 
Company  at  3  a.  m.  May  2nd;  the  3rd  Separate  Company  at 
3.55  a.  m.  May  2nd;  the  44th  Separate  Company  at  5.30  a.  m. 
May  2nd;  the  10th  Battalion  at  8.30  a.  m.  May  2nd;  the  15th 
Separate  Company  at  9.30  a.  m.  May  2nd,  and  the  5th  Separate 
Company  at  10.45  a.  m.  May  2nd,  1898. 

At  Camp  Black  the  component  parts  of  the  regiment  received 
regimental  company  designations  as  follows:  Companies  A,  B,  C 
and  D,  Tenth  Battalion,  became  corresponding  companies  of  the 
regiment ;  the  44th  Separate  Company,  Company  E ;  the  33rd 
Separate  Company,  Company  F;  the  3rd  Separate  Company. 
Company  G ;  the  20th  Separate  Company,  Company  H ;  the  24th 
Separate  Company,  Company  I;  the  loth  Separate  Company, 
Company  K;  the  5th  Separate  Company,  Company  L,  and  the 
14th  Separate  Company,  Company  M. 

The  medical  examination  of  the  officers  and  enlisted  men  de 
veloped  the  fact  that  a  number  of  men  could  not  be  accepted,  and 
others  were  sent  from  the  home  stations  of  organizations  to  re 
place  them. 


GENERAL  THOMAS  H.  BARBER, 
IColonel  First  New  York  Volunteer  Infantry. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  19 

The  regiment  was  mustered  in  the  United  States  service  and 
became  in  accordance  with  General  Orders  No.  11,  A.  G.  O.,  S. 
N.  Y.,  series  1898,  the  k'  First  Regiment,  Infantry,  New  York 
Vols."  May  20th,  1898,  and  remained  at  Camp  Black  until  June 
llth,  1898. 

On  the  Gth  of  June,  Colors  were  presented  to  the  regiment  by 
Mr.  Talbot  Olyphant,  representing  the  society  of  "  The  Sons  of 
the  Revolution  "  in  presence  of  the  Command  and  of  a  large 
assemblage  of  citizens.  The  colors  were  formally  accepted  by 
Colonel  Barber  with  appropriate  ceremonies. 

Special  Orders,  No.  122,  Headquarters,  Department  of  the  East, 
dated  June  7th,  1898,  assigned  the  regiment  to  the  following- 
stations:  The  Colonel,  headquarters  and  two  companies  to  Fort 
Columbus,  New  York  Harbor;  the  Lieut.-Colonel,  a  Major  and  five 
companies  to  Fort  Hamilton,  and  a  Major  and  five  companies 
to  Fort  Wadsworth,  Staten  Island. 

June  llth,  the  regiment,  except  Company  H,  then  in  measles 
quarantine,  left  Camp  Black  at  noon,  and  the  Colonel,  regimental 
headquarters,  Major  Scott,  Assistant  Surgeon  Griffith,  and  Com 
pany  G,  proceeded  from  Long  Island  City  in  the  Government  boat 
"  General  Meigs  "  to  Fort  Columbus. 

Major  Emmet  and  Assistant  Surgeon  Ashley,  and  Companies 
A,  B,  C,  D  and  F  went  in  a  government  transport  to  Fort  Wads- 
worth,  and  Lieutenant-Colonel  Stacpole,  Major  Chase,  Surgeon 
Davis,  Chaplain  Schwartz  and  Companies  E,  I,  K,  L  and  M 
went  in  a  government  transport  to  Fort  Hamilton. 

June  loth,  Company  H  joined  headquarters  at  Fort 
Columbus. 


20  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

The  regiment  performed  the  usual  duties  incident  to  occupa 
tion  of  garrisons,  and  received  while  at  these  garrisons  301 
recruits. 

July  7th,  in  accordance  with  Special  Orders,  No.  141,  Head 
quarters,  Department  of  the  East,  dated  June  28th,  1898,  the 
Colonel  with  Headquarters  and  Companies  G  and  H  left 
Fort  Columbus,  Lieutenant-Colonel  Stacpole  and  Companies  E, 
I,  K,  L  and  M  left  Fort  Hamilton  and  Major  Emmet,  with  Com 
panies  A,  B,  O,  D  and  F  left  Fort  Wadsworth  and  proceeded  in 
transports  to  Jersey  City,  pier  6,  Erie  Railroad.  At  5  p.  m.  of 
that  day  the  regiment  left  Jersey  City  en  route  for  San  Fran 
cisco,  via  Erie  Railroad,  in  four  sections.  The  first  section  con 
sisted  of  one  Pullman  sleeper  for  the  Colonel,  Surgeon  Davis,  the 
Adjutant  and  Quartermaster,  and  the  officers  of  Companies  G,  H, 
I,  K,  L  and  M,  nine  tourist  sleepers  occupied  by  Companies  I,  K 
and  L ;  the  second  section  consisted  of  nine  tourist  sleepers  occu 
pied  by  Companies  G,  H  and  M,  in  charge  of  Lieutenant  Decker ; 
the  third  section  consisted  of  one  Pullman  sleeper,  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  Stacpole,  Majors  Chase,  Scott  and  Emmet,  Assistant 
Surgeon  Griffith,  Chaplain  Schwartz  and  the  officers  of  Com 
panies  A,  B,  C,  D,  E  and  F,  and  nine  tourist  sleepers,  occupied 
by  Companies  C,  E  and  F;  the  fourth  section  consisted  of  nine 
tourist  cars  occupied  by  Companies  A,  B  and  D,  under  charge  of 
Lieutenant  Staats,  accompanied  by  Assistant  Surgeon  Ashley. 
The  baggage  was  carried  in  cars  attached  to  each  section. 

July  8  at  10  p.  m.  to  July  9  at  3  a.  m.  the  regiment  arrived  at 
and  left  Chicago,  111.,  the  sections  having  been  transferred  to  the 
Chicago  and  North  Western  Railroad. 

July  9th  at  6  p.  m.  to  July  10th  at  4  a.  m.  the  regiment  arrived 
at  and  left  Omaha,  Neb.,  on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  without 
change  of  cars. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  21 

July  llth  at  1  p.  m.  to  10  p.  m.  the  regiment  arrived  at  and  left 
Ogden,  Utah,  on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railway. 

July  13th  at  3  and  11  a.  m.  the  first  and  second  sections  of  the 
trains  arrived  at  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  and  the  troops  carried  in 
them  proceeded  to  Camp  Merritt.  On  the  same  day  the  regiment 
was  assigned  to  the  First  Brigade,  Independent  Division,  Eighth 
Army  Corps. 

July  14th,  8  a.  m.,  the  third  and  fourth  sections  arrived  and  the 
troops  joined  these  at  Camp  Merritt. 

July  15th,  at  8  a.  m.,  on  the  representation  of  Col.  Barber  to 
the  Major-General  Commanding,  the  regiment  was  moved  to  the 
Presidio  of  San  Francisco,  the  change  being  made  owing  to  the 
bad  sanitary  condition  of  its  former  camping  ground. 

July  29th,  Colonel  Barber,  Quartermaster  Winthrop  and  Assist 
ant  Surgeon  Griffith  sailed  from  San  Francisco  on  steamer 
"  St.  Paul  "  for  Honolulu  in  order  to  select  a  camp  for  the  regi 
ment,  assigned  for  garrison  duty  at  Honolulu,  and  to  choose  a 
site  for  the  New  Hawaiian  Post.  They  arrived  at  Honolulu, 
August  6th. 

Colonel  Barber  was  in  command  of  the  transport  "  St.  Paul," 
having  on  board  850  officers  and  men  of  South  Dakota,  Colorado 
and  Minnesota  troops  en  route  to  Manila. 

August  5th,  Companies  I,  K,  L,  M  and  C,  commanded  by  Major 
Chase,  with  Sergeant-Major  Burton,  Assistant  Surgeon  Ashley, 
Hospital  Steward  Hogan,  Hospital  Corps,  Privates  Cowles, 
Company  H,  and  Rappe,  Company  B,  left  Camp  Presidio,  Cal., 
and  boarded  packet  "  Charles  Nelson,"  bound  for  Honolulu,  and 
sailed  August  6th. 

August  14th  at  6  p.  m.  the  vessel  arrived  at  Honolulu,  and 
August  15th  they  disembarked  and  established  a  temporary  camp 
upon  the  grounds  of  the  race  track,  Kapiolani  Park,  about  five 
miles  from  Honolulu. 


22  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

August  10th,  Adjutant  Strevell,  Company  E,  and  Second 
Lieutenant  Smith  and  48  enlisted  men  of  Company  D  embarked 
on  the  steamer  "  Mariposa."  The  ship  left  San  Francisco  harbor 
about  6  a.  m.,  August  11,  and  arrived  at  Honolulu  about  11  a.  m. 
August  17th ;  the  detachment  aboard  her  disembarked  and  joined 
the  first  detachment  of  Companies  at  the  race  track,  Kapiolani 
Park. 

August  18th.  Chaplain  Karl  Schwartz,  Surgeon  Davis  and 
Companies  F,  G  and  H,  under  command  of  Captain  U.  A.  Fergu 
son,  Company  G,  boarded  the  steamship  "  Alliance "  and  sailed 
at  4.30  p.  in.  arriving  at  Honolulu  Harbor  11.30  a.  in.,  and  August 
27th  Companies  F,  G  and  H  disembarked  and  camped  upon  the 
"  Irwin  Tract "  at  the  foot  of  Diamond  Head,  three  or  four 
hundred  yards  from  "  race  track  "  camp  of  the  first  two  detach 
ments. 

August  27th,  11  a.  in..  United  States  troopship  "  Scandia  "  left 
San  Francisco  with  the  remainder  of  the  regiment,  consisting  of 
headquarters  band,  Lieutenant-Colonel  Stacpole,  Major  Scott, 
Major  Emmet,  Companies  A,  B,  and  the  remainder  of  Company  D, 
and  arrived  at  Honolulu,  September  3rd,  at  8.30  a.  m.  The 
troops  aboard  her  left  and  joined  the  regiment  on  the  "  Irwin 
Tract.''  August  30th,  camp  of  Companies  C.  E,  I,  K,  L,  M  and 
detachment  of  Company  D,  removed  from  race  track  grounds 
to  "  Irwin  Tract,"  upon  which  Companies  F,  G  and  H  were 
already  encamped.  This  camp  was  named  a  Camp  McKinley." 

The  camp  site  was  chosen  by  a  Board  convened  for  the  purpose, 
consisting  of  officers  of  the  1st  Regiment,  New  York  Volun 
teers,  and  of  the  2nd  Regiment,  Volunteer  Engineers, 
and  approved  by  Colon0!  Barber.  It  was  near  the  only 
Ocean  bathing  beach  on  the  Island  and  the  reported  site 


STATE  HISTORIAN. 

of  a  proposed  Sanitarium  selected  by  the  resident  physicians 
and  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  best  residential  quarter  of 
the  Island.  In  addition  it  had  shade  in  the  Park,  a  drill  and 
parade  ground  on  the  race  course,  city  water,  and  was  accessible. 

On  the  12th  of  August,  Colonel  Barber,  accompanied  by  Lieut. 
Bronson  Winthrop,  1st  Lieut,  and  Surgeon  L.  T.  Griffith,  both 
of  the  1st  New  York  Volunteers,  and  Major  William  C.  Langfitt, 
2nd  Regiment,  Volunteer  Engineers,  represented  the  Army  at  the 
Annexation-  ceremonies  of  transfer  of  the  Hawaiian  Islands  to 
the  United  States. 

On  the  28th  of  August  Major-General  Henry  C.  Merriam  and 
Brigadier-General  Charles  King  arrived  at  Honolulu  on  the 
"  Arizona."  On  the  2nd  of  September  General  King  was  by 
virtue  of  his  rank  placed  in  command  of  the  District  of  Hawaii 
by  General  Merriam.  He  was  relieved  on  the  28th  of  October 
when  Colonel  Barber  again  assumed  command. 

Owing  to  the  prevalence  of  malarial  and  typhoid  fever  in  the 
command,  it  was  deemed  advisable  to  move  the  regiment  to  a 
camp  more  remote  from  the  unsanitary  conditions  of  and  in  the 
immediate  vicinity  of  Honolulu,  accordingly  Company  E  was, 
on  October  22nd,  moved  to  Waielae;  on  the  north  side  of 
"  Diamond  Head,"  about  seven  miles  from  Honolulu  and  three 
miles  from  "  Camp  McKinley."  Company  H  was  moved 
October  27th  and  Companies  A,  B,  C,  D,  F,  G,  I  and  L  about 
November  4th;  Companies  K  and  M  on  November  8th  sailed  to 
"  Hilo,"  Island  of  Hawaii,  and  from  there  made  a  march  to  the 
Volcano  of  "  Kilauea  "  and  returned  to  "  Camp  McKinley  "  Nov. 
27th;  Company  H  started  on  a  practice  march  October  5th 
around  the  Island  of  "  Oahu  "  returning  to  "  Camp  McKinley  " 
October  loth,  having  marched  92  miles. 


24  ANNUAL  REPORT  OP  THE 

The  regiment  was  inspected  in  the  end  of  November  by  Major 
Edward  Field,  3rd  Artillery,  Acting  Inspector  General,  Depart 
ment  of  California.  (Extracts  from  Major  Field's  Inspection 
report  will  be  found  at  the  end  of  this  report. ) 

The  regiment  having  been  ordered  to  San  Francisco  per  Special 
Orders  No.  201,  Headquarters  Department  of  California,  Colonel 
Barber,  Lieutenant  Colonel  Stacpole,  Major  Scott,  Lieutenant 
Strevell,  Regimental  Adjutant,  Lieutenant  Winthrop,  Regimental 
Quartermaster  and  Companies  A,  B,  D,  I  and  L  embarked  for 
San  Francisco  on  the  mail  steamer  "Australia  "  November  30th. 
arrived  at  San  Francisco  December  6th  and  camped  at  the 
Presidio.  Major  Emmet  with  Companies  C,  E,  F  and  G  em 
barked  on  mail  steamer  "Alameda "  December  7th,  arrived  at 
San  Francisco  December  14th  and  camped  at  the  Presidio. 

Major  Sague  with  Companies  H,  K  and  M  embarked  on  U.  S. 
hospital  ship  "  Scandia  "  December  10th,  arrived  at  San  Fran 
cisco  December  18th. 

On  December  loth,  orders  having  been  received  directing  the 
regiment  to  return  to  its  home  station  and  there  await  muster 
out  of  the  Federal  service,  Colonel  Barber,  Lieutenant-Colonel 
Stacpole,  Major  Emmet,  Adjutant  Strevell,  Quartermaster  Win 
throp  and  Assistant  Surgeon  Griffith  with  Companies  A,  B,  I> 
and  L  left  for  New  York,  arriving  December  22nd. 

December  19th  Major  Scott  with  Companies  C,  E,  F  and  G 
left  for  home  station,  arriving  December  26th.  December  20th.. 
Major  Sague  with  Companies  H,  K  and  M  left  San  Francisco  and 
arrived  at  home  station  on  December  27th. 

Officers  and  men  were  given  leave  of  absence  and  furlough  till 
February  26th,  1899,  when  the  regiment  was  finally  mustered  out 
of  the  service  of  the  United  States. 


Lieut. -Col.  Walter  Scott.  Major  Robert  T.  Emmet. 

Lieut. -Col.  Horatio  P.  Stacpole. 
Major  James  T.  Chase.  Major  John  K.  Sague. 

FIELD  OFFICERS  FIRST  REGIMENT   NEW  YORK   VOLUNTEERS. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  25 

COMMISSIONED  OFFICERS 

At  date  of  Muster  Out  of  Regiment. 

FIELD    AND    STAFF. 

Colonel,  Horatio  Potter  Stacpole. 
Lieutenant-Colonel,  Walter  Scott. 
Major,  Robert  Temple  Emmet. 
Major,  John  K.  Sague. 
Regimental  Adjutant,  Clarence  Strevell. 
Regimental  Quartermaster,  Bronson  Winthrop. 
Surgeon,  Lewis  Theophilus  Griffith. 
Assistant  Surgeon,  Maurice  Cavileer  Ashley. 
Chaplain,  Karl  Schwartz. 

COMPANY    A. 

Captain,  Frank  R.  Palmer. 
1st  Lieut.,  Adrian  W.  Mather. 
2nd  Lieut,  Howard  U.  McMillan. 

COMPANY  B. 

Captain,  William  D.  Manson. 
1st  Lieut,  Harry  C.  Staats. 
2nd  Lieut.,  Edward  H.  Burton. 

COMPANY    C. 

Captain,  James  E.  Roach. 

1st  Lieut,  Christopher  Gresham. 

2nd  Lieut,  Edward  Oliver. 

COMPANY    D. 

Captain,  William  B.  Grade. 

1st  Lieut.,  William  F.  Wheelock  (acting  battalion  adjutant). 

2nd  Lieut.,  James  E.  Smith. 


26  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

COMPANY  E. 

Captain,  Arthur  W.  Pickard. 
1st  Lieut,  Franklin  T.  Wood. 

2nd  Lieut,  James  R.  Goodale   (afterwards  A.  D.  C.  to  Gen. 
Chas.  King). 

COMPANY    F. 

Captain,  James  C.  Martin. 
1st.  Lieut.,  Charles  H.  Boice. 
2nd  Lieut.,  Arthur  E.  Oothoudt 

COMPANY    G. 

Captain,  Ursil  A.  Ferguson. 
1st  Lieut,  Herman  A.  Tucker. 
2nd  Lieut,  Fred  W.  Boardman. 

COMPANY  H. 

Captain,  Charles  H.  Hitchcock. 
1st  Lieut,  Harry  P.  Worthing. 
2nd  Lieut,  Charles  N.  Hinman. 

COMPANY    I. 

Captain,  Amos  E.  Mclntyre. 
1st  Lieut.,  Abraham  L.  Decker. 
2nd  Lieut.,  Albert  E.  Nickinson. 

COMPANY  K. 

Captain,  Wilbur  Vossler. 
1st.  Lieut.,  Clarence  Sague. 
2nd  Lieut.,  Lucius  J.  Slater. 

COMPANY  L. 

Captain,  James  F.  Sheehan. 
1st  Lieut.,  Alexander  G.  Baxter. 
2nd  Lieut.,  William  H.  Mapes  (acting  battalion  adjutant). 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  27 

COMPANY   M. 

Captain  Robert  F.  Tompkins. 
1st  Lieut.,  John  A.  Huhne. 
2nd  Lieut.,  Joseph  M.  Fowler. 

Resigned  Prior  1o  Muster  Out  of  Regiment. 
Major  James  T.  Chase,  October  21st,  1898. 
Major  Chas.  E.  Davis,  Surgeon,  December,  1898. 
Captain  Charles  B.  Staats,  September  12th,  1898. 
First  Lieutenant  David  Terry,  September  30th,  1898. 
Second  Lieutenant  George  E.  Wallace,  September  30th,  1898. 

Transferred  Prior  to  Muster  Out  of  Regiment. 

Captain  Lewis  E.  Goodier,  promoted  Major,  203  New  York 
Vols.,  July  7th,  1898. 

Captain  George  D.  Ramsey,  Asst.  Surgeon,  promoted  to  be 
Surgeon  of  69th  U.  S.  Vols.,  May  16th,  1898. 

First  Sergeant  Edward  T.  Newcomb,  Co.  A,  promoted  2nd 
Lieutenant,  203  N.  Y.  Vols.,  July  7,  1898. 

Private  J.  J.  Callanan,  Co.  A,  promoted  2nd  Lieutenant,  203 
N.  Y.  Vols.,  August  8,  1898. 

Corporal  M.  J.  Reagan,  Co.  B,  promoted  2nd  Lieutenant,  202 
N.  Y.  Vols.,  July  20th,  1898. 

Battalion  Adjutant  Frank  B.  Edwards  discharged,  as  super 
numerary  to  organization,  July  6th,  1898. 

Promoted  Prior  to  Muster  Out  of  Regiment. 
Colonel  Barber  to  be  Brigadier  General  U.  S.  Vols.,  Feb.  6,  189!). 
Lieut.-Col.  Stacpole  to  be  Colonel  1st  N.  Y.  Vols.,  Feb.  7,  1899. 
Major  Scott  to  be  Lieut.-Col.  1st  N.  Y.  Vols.,  Feb.  7,  1899. 


28  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

Capt.  Sagne  to  be  Major  1st  N.  Y.  Vote.,  Oct.  22,  1898,  vice 
Chase  resigned. 

1st  Lieut.  Strevell  to  be  Regimental  Adjutant  May  24,  1898. 

1st  Lieut.   Manson    to  be  Captain  Co.   B,   Dec.   8,   1898,   vice 
Staats  resigned. 

2nd  Lieut.  Staats  to  be  1st  Lieut.  Co.  B,  Dec.  8,  1898,  vice 
Manson  promoted. 

Sergt.  Maj.  Burton  to  be  2nd  Lieut.  Co.  B,  De?    8,  1898,  vice 
Staats  promoted. 

1st  Lieut.   Pickard  to  be  Captain  Co.  E,  July  7,   1898,   vice 
Goodier  transferred. 

2nd  Lieut.  Wood  to  be  1st  Lieut.   Co.  E,  July  7,  1898,  vice 
Pickard  promoted. 

Sergt.-Maj.  Goodale  to  be  2nd  Lieut.  Co.  E,  July  7,  1898,  vice 
Wood  promoted. 

2nd  Lieut.  Decker  to  be  1st  Lieut.  Co.  I,  Sept.  30,  1898,  vice 
Wallace  resigned. 

Ser^t.  Nickinson  to  be  2nd  Lieut.  Co.  I,  Sept.  30,  1898,  vice 
Decker  promoted. 

1st   Lieut.   Vossler  to  be  Captain   Co.   K,   Dec.   6,   1898,   vice 
k-Mgue  promoted. 

2nd  Lieut.   Sague  to  be  1st  Lieut.  Co.  K,  Dec.  6,   1898,  vice 
Vossler  promoted. 

1st  Sergt.  Slater  to  be  2nd  Lieut.  Co.  K,  Dec.  6,  1898,  vice 
Sague  promoted. 

2nd  Lieut.  Huhne  to  be  1st  Lieut.  Co.  M,  Oct.  12,  1898,  vice 
Terry  resigned. 

1st  Sergt.  Fowler  to  be  2nd  Lieut.  Co.  M,  Jan.  31,  1899,  vice 
Huhne  promoted. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  29 

ENLISTED   MEN   WHO   DIED   IN   THE   SERVICE. 
Taken  from  Muster  Out  Rolls. 

COMPANY    A. 

Private  Webster  McCarty,  October  26th,  1898,  of  typhoid 
fever,  Camp  McKinley,  H.  I. 

Private  Thomas  F.  Lennon,  November  3,  1898,  of  typhoid 
fever,  Camp  McKinley,  H.  I. 

Private  Carlton  W.  Taylor,  Feb.  17,  1899,  of  typhoid  fever, 
Presidio,  Cal. 

COMPANY    B. 

Private  Edward  A.   Bailey,   Nov.  26,  1898,   of  typhoid  fever, 

Honolulu,  H.  I. 

COMPANY  c. 

Sergeant  William  Goodrich,  Oct.  30,  1898,  of  disease, 
Honolulu,  H.  I. 

Private  Eobert  Wands,  Nov.  14,  1898,  of  disease,  Hono 
lulu,  H.  1. 

COMPANY    D. 

Private  James  H.  Sawyer,  Dec.  11,  1898,  of  disease, 
Albany,  N.  Y. 

COMPANY    E. 

Private  James  H.  Read,  Jr.,  of  double  pneumonia,  August 
9,  1898,  Presidio,  Cal. 

Private  Oscar  R.  WTheeler,  Nov.  6,  1898,  of  typhoid  fever, 
Honolulu,  H.  I. 

COMPANY    P. 

Private  Burton  M.  Beardslee,  Nov.  26,  1898,  of  typhoid 
fever,  Honolulu,  H.  I. 

COMPANY    G. 

Private  Charles  F.  Carter,  Oct.  30,  1898,  of  typhoid 
fever,  Honolulu,  H.  I. 


30  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

Private  Burton  Woodbeck,  Nov.  11,  1898,  of  typhoid 
fever,  Honolulu,  H.  I. 

Private  John  V.  Springsteen,  Dec.  4,  1898,  of  typhoid 
fever,  Honolulu,  H.  I. 

Private  George  L.   Peet,   January   9,   1901,   of  typhoid   fever, 

Fort  Logan,  Col. 

COMPANY  H. 

Private  Charles  H.  Thompson,  Oct.  15,  1898,  Camp 
McKinley,  H.  I. 

Private  Clarence  H.  Porter,  Oct.  2,  1898,  Camp  McKin 
ley,  H.  I. 

Private  George  H.  Cowles,  Nov.  12,  1898,  Honolulu,  H.  I. 

Private  Albert  Glasby,  Nov.  21,  1898,  Honolulu,  H.  I. 

COMPANY    I. 

Private  Alfred  C.  Weller,  Nov.  26,  1898,  disease,  Hono 
lulu,  H.  I. 

COMPANY    K. 

Private  Fred  Wardell,  Nov.  30,  1898,  carbolic  acid  poison 
ing,  Honolulu,  H.  I. 

COMPANY    L. 

Private  Hudson  B.  Moore,  Dec.  23,  1898,  typhoid  fever, 
Honolulu,  H.  I. 

COMPANY    M. 

Private  George  Van  Keuren,  Nov.  4,  1898,  disease,  H.  I. 

Private  Granville  L.  Wells,  Dec.  1,  1898,  disease,  Hono 
lulu,  H.  I. 

Sergeant  Walter  E.  Van  Gaasbeek,  Dec.  20,  1898,  disease, 
Hilo,  H.  I. 

Corporal  Herbert  A.  Crouch,  May  30,  1898,  disease,  Camp 
Black,  N.  Y. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  31 

OFFICIAL    CORRESPONDENCE    RELATING    TO    THE 

REGIMENT. 

The  following  is  a  copy  of  the  correspondence  in  respect  to  the 
assiginnoi.it  of  the  regiment  to  the  Forts  in  New  York  Harbor. 

Governors  Island,  New  York, 

May  27,  1898. 

My  dear  Colonel. —  In  regard  to  station  of  your  regiment, 
there  is  at  present  some  uncertainty,  as  General  Frank  has  not 
fully  determined  the  allotment  of  Infantry  supports  to  the  forti 
fications  in  this  Harbor  but  from  conversations  with  him  I  am  of 
opinion  he  would  be  pleased  to  have  the  Headquarters  and  two 
or  three  companies  of  your  regiment  garrison  Governors  Island, 
sending  the  battery  now  there  to  man  the  guns  at  some  other 
point  and  divide  the  remainder  of  your  regiment  between  Hamil 
ton  and  Wadsworth.  The  supports  in  contemplation  for  these 
[>oints  would  just  about  require  your  command.  This  would 
give  you  command  of  this  important  post,  command  of  your 
regiment  for  its  administration  and  supervision  of  drill  and  in 
structions  and  to  my  mind  is  the  nearest  approach  in  sight  to 
keep  your  command  intact  as  you  desire  and  it  promises  more 
permanence  than  anything  else  in  view.  If  this  would  suit  you, 
I  suggest  that  you  see  the  General  and  I  think  it  will  be  gratify 
ing  to  him  to  so  arrange  it. 

With  kind  regards,  very  truly  yours, 

M.   BARBER, 

(Colonel  and  Asst.  Adjt.  General,  U,  S.  A.) 

To  Col.  T.  H.  Barber, 

1st.  N.  Y.  Vol.  Inf. 

Camp  Black,  Hempstead,  Long  Island, 
New  York,  May  28,  1898. 

M}'  dear  Colonel. —  Thank  you  very  much  for  your  letter.  My 
first  wish  is  to  take  part  in  any  active  operations  and  secondly 
to  keep  my  regiment  together  or  as  nearly  so,  as  practicable. 

I  do  not  want  to  take  any  station  where  my  chances  for  activity 
will  be  eliminated.  I  believe  that  I  will  be  as  near  any  point  of 
debarkation  in  New  York  Harbor  as  I  would  be  in  Chickamauga 


32  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

or  Washington   (Camp  Alger).     I  would  be  glad  to  go  to  Gov 
ernors  Island  and  especially  to  be  with  General  Frank. 

Will  you  kindly  show  this  letter  to  the  General  and  I  will  let 
the  matter  rest.     I  am,  yours  very  truly, 

T.  H.  Barber. 
To  Colonel  Merritt  Barber,  U.  S.  A. 


TELEGRAMS    RELATING    TO    FIELD    SERVICE. 

Tn  respect  to  the  assignment  of  the  Regiment  to  the  Hawaiian 
Islands  the  following  telegrams  are  of  interest: 

COPY. 

June  29th,  1898. 

Received  at  Governor's  Island,  N.  Y.  Dated  San  Francisco, 
Cal.  29. 

To.  Col.  Thos.  H.  Barber,  1st  N.  Y.  Vols., 

Governor's  Island,  N.  Y. 

Have  just  sent  telegram  to  Adjt.  Genl.,  Washington,  recom 
mending  you  for  Brigadier  General  and  asking  your  assignment 
to  my  command. 

WESLEY  MERRITT,  Maj.  Genl. 


Washington,  I).  C.,  July  llth,  1898. 
Major  General  Otis, 

San  Francisco,  Cal. 

If  you  should  find  that  the  First  New  York  is  not  suitable  for 
service  in  Honolulu  and  Colonel  Barber  would  prefer  to  go  to  the 
Phillipines,  the  Secretary  of  War  says  you  can  then  select  the 
California  Regiment.  It  was  desired  to  send  the  First  New  York 
for  the  reason  that  Colonel  Barber  was  an  educated  soldier,  and 
a  man  of  such  character  and  ability  as  commended  him  for  this 
delicate  and  important  duty.  It  is  desired  you  confer  with  him 
before  making  final  selection. 

By  order  Secretary  War. 

H.  C.  CORBIN,  Adjutant  General. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  33 

San  Francisco,  Cal., 

July  13,  1898. 

Adjutant  General,  U.  S.  Army, 
Washington,  D.  C. 

Colonel  Barber's  regiment  fully  equipped  except  in  the  matter 
of  light  clothing  which  can  be  obtained  here.  He  desires  to  go 
to  Honolulu  provided  it  does  not  prejudice  his  chances  of  going 
to  the  Phillipines  ultimately.  Have  contracted  for  transpor 
tation  and  one  half  of  regiment  can  be  embarked  this  month 
remaining  early  in  August.  Shall  this  regiment  be  sent 

(Signed)  OTIS, 

Major  General  U.  S.  Volunteers, 
Commanding. 


Washington,  I).  C.,  July  13,  1898. 
Major  General  Otis, 

San  Francisco,  Calif. 

Your  telegram  of  this  date  asking  if  the  First  New  York  shall 
be  sent  to  Honolulu  received :  and  the  answer  is  in  the  affirmative. 
Your  action  in  contracting  for  transportation  and  one  half  regi 
ment  embarked  this  month,  remaining,  early  in  August,  is  also 
approved.  It  is  further  remarked  that  Colonel  Barber's  station 
at  Honolulu  will  not  prejudice  his  chances  in  going  to  the  Phil 
lipines  later  on.  May  have  to  remain  some  three  or  four  months 
however. 

By  order  of  the  Secretary  of  War. 

H.  C.  CORBIN,  Adjutant  General. 


Washington,  D.  C.,  July  14,  1898. 
Major  General  E.  S.  Otis, 

San  Francisco,  Calif. 

It  is  reported  here  that  Colonel  Barber  objects  to  going  to 
Honolulu.  If  this  is  true  you  will  designate  another  regiment. 
It  is  the  desire  of  this  department  to  meet  Colonel  Barber's 
wishes  as  far  as  consistent  with  the  interests  of  the  service. 

H.  C.  CORBIN,  Adjutant  General. 
True  copies,  Thomas  H.  Barry,  A.  A.  V. 


34  ANNUAL  REPORT  OP  THE 

Copy  of  telegram. 

San  Francisco,  California,  July  14,  1898. 

Adjutant  General,  U.  S.  Army, 

Washington,  D.  C. 

Colonel  Barber  is  a  good  soldier  and  says  he  cannot  object  to 
any  service  which  Government  assigns.  He  is  preparing  his 
regiment  for  Honolulu  and  will  doubtless  sail  with  a  portion 
of  it  in  a  very  few  days. 

(Signed)         OTIS,  Major  General,  U.  S.  Vols., 
Commanding. 

REPORT  OF  MAJOR  EDWARD  FIELD,  U.  S.  A. 

copy. 
Subject :  4157.    I.  G.  O. 

All  official  communications  to  this  office  should  be  addressed 
"  To  the  Inspector  General, 

U.  S.  Army,  Washington,  D.  C." 

War  Department,  Inspector  General's  Office, 

Washington,  March  1,  1899. 
Commanding  Officer, 

1st  New  York  Vol.  Infantry, 
New  York  City. 

Sir. —  The  following  extracts  from  the  report  of  an  inspection 
of  the  Post  of  Honolulu,  FI.  I.,  made  November  21st,  to  December 
2,  1898,  by  Major  Edward  Field,  Acting  Inspector  General,  De 
partment  of  California,  are  furnished  for  your  information. 

Very  respectfully, 

THOS.  T.  KNOX,  Acting  Inspector  General. 


REVIEW  AND  INSPECTION. 

"  Ten  companies  of  the  1st  New  York  Volunteer  Infantry  were 
reviewed  at  their  camp  on  WTaielae  Beach,  in  light  marching 
order,  formed  in  two  battalions.  The  passage  in  review  was  the 
best  of  any  volunteer  regiment  I  have  seen  since  the  war  began 
and  I  have  seen  nearly  all  the  regiments  that  passed  through 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  35 

California.  Salutes  excellent,  dress  almost  perfect,  rear  ranks 
strictly  closed  up. 

"  Military  appearance  and  bearing  very  fine,  active,  clean 
built,  well  set  up  for  volunteers. 

"  The  arms  and  equipments  were.,  considering  their  age,  in 
really  wonderful  condition.  I  inspected  them  quite  minutely  and 
did  not  find  a  poor  musket  in  the  ten  companies.  Many  of  them 
were  faultless  and  almost  all  in  first  class  condition.  This  of 
course  refers  to  their  care. 

"  The  uniforms  were,  considering  their  wear,  well  cared  for 
and  generally  well  fitting.  Kelts,  brasses  and  scabbards  were  in 
the  same  uniformly  smart  condition,  many  of  them  up  to  our 
orderly  standard. 

DRILLS,    EXERCISES,    ETC. 

"  The  First  New  York  Volunteer  Infantry  were  drilled  in  regi 
mental,  battalion,  company  drills,  bayonet  exercise,  individual 
drill  and  extended  order.  They  show  the  same  excellence  in 
drill  as  they  did  at  review  and  inspection. 

"  Their  officers  are  all  thoroughly  up  in  their  duties.  The  Cap 
tains  can  drill  the  regiment,  Second  Lieutenant  can  drill  the  bat 
talion.  I  regretted  that  the  limited  ground  did  not  give  more 
scope  for  the  regimental  drill  in  which  I  imagine  this  regiment 
is  the  equal  of  any  volunteer  organization  that  has  been  raised. 
Battalion  and  company  drills  were  equally  good. 

"  The  volley  firing  was  excellent. 

POLICE. 

"  The  camp  was  scrupulously  clean  and  all  approaches  and 
surroundings  thoroughly  policed. 


36  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

BEHAVIOR. 

"  The  behavior  and  general  appearance  of  officers  and  men 
during  the  stay  of  the  Inspector  at  the  post  was  commendable. 

INSTRUCTION. 

"  This  command  has  been  unusually  well  instructed  in  drills 
and  tactics,  probably  as  well  as  any  volunteer  organization  in 
the  service. 

"All  the  companies  are  exceptionally  well  up  in  tactics  and  are 
composed  of  intelligent  and  willing  men,  many  of  them  educated 
and  representing  an  excellent  class  in  the  communities  where 
they  were  raised.. 

"  They  would  make  excellent  field  soldiers.  They  are  young, 
intelligent,  spirited,  patriotic,  especially  well  drilled  and  some 
who  have  served  in  the  National  Guard,  excellent  shots. 

COPY. 
Subject:  4157.     I.  G.  O. 

All  official  communications  to  this  office  should  be  addressed 
"  To  the  Inspector  General, 

U.  S.  Army,  Washington,  D.  C." 

War  Department,  Inspector  General's  Office, 

Washington,  March  1,  1899. 
Col.  T.  H.  Barber, 

First  N.  Y.  Vol.  Inf., 

New  York  City. 

Sir. —  The  following  extract  from  the  report  of  an  inspector  of 
the  Post  of  Honolulu,  H.  I.,  made  November  21st,  to  Dec.  2,  1898, 
by  Major  Edward  Field,  Acting  Inspector  General,  Department 
of  California,  is  furnished  for  your  information. 
Very  respectfully, 

THOS.  T.  KNOX, 

Acting  Inspector  General. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  37 

"  Colonel  Barber  has  been  an  excellent  commander  under  the 
most  trying  circumstances  and  has  been  the  victim  of  much  un 
deserved  attack.  He  is  devoted  to  his  men,  untiring  in  trying  to 
further  their  welfare  and  interests,  of  good  judgment  and  the 
most  sterling  integrity.  Much  of  the  abuse  to  which  he  has  been 
subjected  is  the  result  of  a  systematic  attempt  on  the  part  of  the 
local  board  of  health  and  that  part  of  the  press  controlled  by 
them  to  maintain  the  position  that  Honolulu  is  normally  healthy 
and  free  from  typhoid  and  malarial  fevers  in  face  of  the  facts 
that  there  is  not  a  sewer  in  the  town,  all  drainage  being  by  cess 
pool,  that  the  climate  is  practically  tropical,  that  the  town  is 
mostly  low  and  is  surrounded  by  a  perfect  network  of  wet  ditches, 
rice,  banana  and  taro  plantations,  and  that  Kapiolani  Park,  on 
the  edge  of  the  town,  is  intersected  in  every  direction  by  canals 
which  are  simply  big  ditches.  To  maintain  this  improbable 
thesis  the  army  and  army  administration  have  been  persistently 
and  venomously  attacked  to  showr  that  all  sickness  is  due  to 
neglect  on  their  part." 

Extract  from  report  of  Major  E.  Field,  Acting  Inspector, 
General  Department  of  California: 

"  Chaplain  Schwartz,  First  New  York  Volunteer  Infantry,  was 
on  duty  in  the  Post  Hospital,  where  his  services  have  been  most 
valuable.  He  is  highly  spoken  of  by  every  one,  officers  and  men, 
and  instead  of  being  the  fifth  wheel  that  a  Volunteer  Chaplain 
usually  is,  has  been  doing  excellent  work  on  behalf  of  humanity.'7 

For  the  five  months  preceding  the  arrival  of  the  regiment  in 
Honolulu  and  shortly  thereafter,  viz. :  from  May  1st,  to  Oct.  2nd, 
the  Regiment  had  lost  two  men,  one  at  Camp  Black  and  one  at 
San  Francisco. 


38  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

At  a  special  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Health  of  Honolulu  held 
Friday,  Dec.  29th,  1899,  the  report  of  the  Civil  Sanitary  Com 
mission  was  read,  accepted  and  the  recommendations  of  the  three 
commissioners  adopted.  The  following  extracts  will  account  for 
the  illness  among  the  regular  and  volunteer  troops  contracted 
at  Honolulu  during  the  preceding  year,  1898.  President.  Dole 
of  the  Hawaiian  Islands,  Minister  Mott-Smith,  Minister  Young, 
etc.,  were  reported  present  with  the  Board  during  the  meeting. 

"  We  are  not  surprised  at  the  indignation  expressed  when  a 
citizen  finds  he  is  living  in  a  community  where  fresh  meat  is 
exposed  for  sale  in  shops  within  a  few  feet  of  which  are  cess 
pools  reeking  with  filth  and  vermin,  from  which  come  clouds  of 
flies;  where  restaurants  have  cess-pools  with  no  other  covering 
than  the  kitchen  floors,  into  which  cockroaches  crowd  by  the 
thousand  after  a  night  of  foraging  over  tables  and  dishes;  where 
poultry  is  kept  huddled  for  weeks  in  small  coops  one  above  the 
other;  where  poi  is  manufactured  and  sold  in  shops  sour  with 
fermented  slime;  where  kitchens  are  built  next  to  foul  smelling 
privies,  and  so  arranged  that  a  ray  of  light  never  enters  them; 
where  sinks  are  maintained  with  long,  leaking  drains ;  where  cess 
pools  and  privy  vaults  are  crowded  together  or  combined  and  left 
unopened  year  after  year  to  saturate  the  ground  with  filth  and 
germs ;  where  cess-pools  are  often  without  ventilation  of  any  kind 
excepting  the  crevices  of  the  floors  above  or  perhaps  a  rickety 
wooden  vent  ending  within  two  feet  of  a  sleeping  apartment 
window,  which  is  overcrowded  at  night  with  occupants,  and 
where  the  ground  is  often  without  drainage,  so  that  the  seepage 
from  the  surroundings  accumulates  and  becomes  stagnant. 

"  Nothing  should  be  forced  to  the  front  in  the  discussion  of 
pro[>er  sanitation  of  this  city  more  vigorously  than  the  water 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  39 

supply.  With  a  system  of  reservoirs  collecting  its  surface  water 
for  distribution  to  our  houses,  there  is  now  absolutely  no  atten 
tion  paid  to  the  purifying  of  the  water  before  it  reaches  the 
consumer." 

"  Whereas  the  increase  of  typhoid  fever  and  other  febrile  dis 
eases  offers  a  dangerously  favorable  ground  for  such  further 
spreading  which  is  and,  unless  counteracted,  will  continue  to  be 
a  menace  to  the  lives  of  our  people,  etc.,  etc." 

MILITARY  RECORD 

Of  Thomas  H.  Barber,  First  Lieutenant,  First  Artillery,  U.  8. 
A.;  Colonel  12th  Regt,  N.  G.  N.  Y. ;  Inspector  General,  with  the 
rank  of  Brigadier  General,  National  Guard,  New  York;  Colonel 
First  N.  Y.  Volunteer  Infantry  and  Brigadier  General,  U.  S.  V., 
taken  from  oflicial  sources  in  the  Adjutant  General's  office,  Wash 
ington,  D.  C.,  and  Adjutant  General's  office,  Albany,  N.  Y. 

Cadet  at  U.  S.  Military  Academy  from  July  1st,  1863,  to 
June  17th,  1867.  Graduated  and  promoted  in  the  Army  to  2nd 
Lieutenant,  First  Artillery,  June  17th,  1867.  Appointed  from 
First  Congressional  District,  New  York.  On  graduation  leave 
of  absence  June  17th,  to  September  30th,  1867. 

Served  in  Garrison  at  Fort  Hamilton,  N.  Y.  H.,  Oct.  1st,  1867, 
to  February,  1870. 

Served  as  Post  School  Teacher  for  non-commissioned  officers 
and  privates.  On  duty  with  Company  at  suppression  of  illicit 
distilleries  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  Acting  Post  Adjutant  and  in 
addition  served  on  Courts-Martial,  Boards  of  Survey  and  in  all 
other  capacities  incident  to  garrison  duty.  At  the  Military 
Academy  at  West  Point,  as  Assistant  Professor  of  the  French 
language,  February  28th,  1870,  to  January  17th,  1873,  and  prin- 


40  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF 

cipal  Assistant  Professor  July  10th,  1872,  to  August  21st,  1876. 
Promoted  1st  Lieutenant  1st  Artillery,  July  10th,  1872. 

Spent  summer  leave  of  1872,  granted  officers  on  duty  in 
Academic  Department,  U.  S.  Military  Academy,  in  Europe. 
Traveled  in  Ireland,  England,  France,  Belgium,  Holland, 
Germany  and  Switzerland.  From  August  28th,  1874,  to  April 
30th,  1875,  in  charge  of  the  Department  of  French  during  the 
absence  of  the  Professor  of  the  French  Language  in  Europe. 

On  Signal  duty  at  Fort  Whipple,  Va.,  from  Sept.  4th,  1876,  to 
June  21st,  1878. 

Special  Orders  134,  par.  2,  A.  G.  O.,  Appointed  Instructor  of 
Signalling,  etc.,  at  Fort  Whipple,  Va.,  January  17th,  1878. 
Special  Orders  No.  8,  War  Department,  Office  of  the  Chief  Signal 
Officer,  Washington.  Relieved  from  duty  as  Instructor  by 
Special  Orders  No.  84,  War  Department,  Office  of  the  Chief 
Signal  Officer,  Washington,  June  17th,  1878.  On  duty  with  Com 
pany  at  Fort  Adams,  R.  I.,  until  May  1st,  1880.  Detailed  during 
summer  of  1879  to  make  surveys  of  certain  government  military 
reservations  in  Newport  Harbor,  R.  I.  On  year's  leave  of  absence 
in  Europe  extended  one  month,  Special  Orders  12,  A.  G.  O.,  Jan 
uary  17th,  1880,  I.  O.  79,  April  7th,  1881. 

Traveled  extensively  in  England,  Scotland,  France,  Spain, 
Italy,  Germany  and  Switzerland. 

Returned  to  duty  with  Company  at  Fort  Adams,  R.  I. 

Directed  to  report  in  person  for  special  duty  at  Yorktown, 
Va.,  Special  Order  42,  par.  3,  Division  of  the  Atlantic,  Sept. 
22nd,  1881. 

Detailed  as  Aide-de-Camp  to  Major-General  W.  S.  Hancock, 
General  Orders  11,  Div.  of  the  Atlantic,  Oct.  22nd,  1881,  York- 
town,  Va. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  41 

Endorsement  of  Major-General  Wintield  Scott  Hancock  on 
letter  of  resignation : 

"  Lieutenant  Barber  has  proved  to  be  an  intelligent  and 
accomplished  staff  officer  of  an  exceptional  class,  and  one  diffi 
cult  to  be  replaced.  He  was  recommended  to  me  by  his  superior 
officers  for  the  excellent  reputation  he  bore  as  a  line  officer  and 
was  in  consequence  appointed  to  the  position  of  A.  D.  C.  on  my 
staff." 

Detailed  as  Acting  Assistant  Quartermaster  and  Acting  Com 
missary  of  Subsistence  at  Fort  Columbus,  N.  Y.  H.,  by  Special 
Orders  No.  15,  dated  Headquarters  Military  Division  of  the 
Atlantic,  Governor's  Island,  N.  Y.  IL,  April  6th,  1882. 

Relieved  as  Acting  Asst.  Quartermaster  and  Acting  Commis 
sary  of  Subsistence  by  Special  Orders  No.  18,  Head 
quarters  Military  Division  of  the  Atlantic,  dated  Gover 
nors  Island,  N.  Y.  H.,  May  1st,  1882.  While  on  leave 
of  absence  during  the  summer  of  1883,  accompanied  the 
Professor  of  Chemistry,  Mineralogy  and  Geology  of  the 
U.  S.  Military  Academy  on  a  geological  examination  of  the 
Big  Horn  and  Shoshone  Mountains  and  Yellowstone  Park,  es 
corted  by  a  cavalry  detachment  with  pack  train.  During  various 
leaves  of  absence  traveled  in  the  Dominion  of  Canada,  British 
Columbia  and  in  all  the  States  and  Territories  of  the  United 
States,  except  Alaska  and  Idaho.  Resigned  July  1st,  1885. 

National  Guard  service,  State  of  New  York :  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  and  Assistant  Adjutant-General  1st  Brigade,  Nov.  30th, 
1886;  resigned  and  honorably  discharged  Oct.  5th,  1887;  Colonel 
12th  Regiment,  Dec.  31st,  1888;  Brigadier-General  and  Inspector- 
General,  Sept.  12th,  1889. 


42  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

Offered  re-appointment  as  Inspector-General  by  Governor 
Flower,  Nov.  30th,  1801.  Declined  the  appointment. 

April  29th,  1898,  appointed  Colonel,  1st  N.  Y.  Vols.  during  war 
with  Spain. 

Resigned,  February  6,  1899,  as  Colonel,  on  acceptance  of  com 
mission  of  Brigadier  General,  TJ.  S.  V. 

Appointed  Brigadier  General,  U.  S.  Vols.,  January  10th,  1899. 

Mustered  out  February  28th,  1809. 

SUMMARY. 

Four  years  a  cadet  at  the  United  States  Military  Academy. 
Eighteen  years  a  commissioned  officer  in  the  1st  Artillery,  United 
States  Arm}'.  Three  years  and  ten  months  and  six  days  in  the 
National  Guard,  State  of  New  York.  Nine  months  and  eight 
days  U.  S.  Volunteers  service.  Total  service  26  years,  7  months 
and  14  days. 

LIEUTENANT-COLONEL  HORATIO  POTTER  STACPOLE,  APRIL  29,  1898. 

In  United  States  Service. —  Lieutenant-Colonel,  1st  Regt.,  N.  Y. 
Vols.,  May  20,  1898.  Colonel  Feby.  6,  1899,  to  Feby.  26,  1899. 

In  State  Service.— Private,  Co.  B,  10th  Regt.,  May  6,  1867; 
Corporal,  March  9,  1868;  Quartermaster- Sergeant,  March  23, 
1869;  First  Sergeant,  April  16,  1870;  Adjutant,  10th  Regt,  Dec. 
16,  1871;  resigned,  Feb.  20,  1873;  First  Lieutenant,  Co.  B, 
10th  Regt.,  Feb.  28,  1876;  Captain,  Dec.  19,  1877;  Brevet  Major, 
Dec.  31,  1881;  Major  10th  Battalion,  June  20,  1891;  Lieutenant- 
Colonel,  1st  Regt.,  April  29,  1898;  resigned  to  return  to  10th 
Battalion  as  Major,  Feb.  24,  1899.  Resigned,  September  11, 
1899.  Died,  June  3,  1901. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  43 

MAJOR  JAMES  T.  CHASE,  MARCH  29,  1898. 

In  United  States  Service. —  Sergeant,  Co.  D,  19th  Militia; 
mustered  in  U.  S.  Service,  May  26,  1862,  for  three  months;  dis 
charged,  Sept.  6,  1862;  First  Lieutenant,  Co.  G,  168th  N.  Y.  Vols. 
(19th  Militia),  Jan.  12,  1863,  nine  months;  mustered  out,  Oct. 
31,  1863;  Private,  Co.  A,  56th  N.  Y.  Vols.,  Feb.  23,  1865;  honor 
ably  discharged,  Oct  17,  1865;  Major,  1st.  Regt.,  N.  Y.  Vols.,  May 
20,  1898,  to  Oct.  21,  1898. 

In  State  Service.— Private,  Co.  D,  19th  N.  Y.  S.  Militia, 
Sept.  22,  1858;  Sergeant,  May  26,  1862;  First  Lieutenant,  March 

28,  1866;   Captain,   Feb.  12,  1868;   discharged  by  disbandment, 
May  9,  1878;  Adjutant,  17th  Battalion,  Oct.  10,  1878;  Captain, 
Co.    A,    March    17,    1881,    which    company    became    the    Fifth 
Separate  Company,  Jan.  1,  1882;  Major,  12th  Battalion,  March 

29,  1898.     Retired,  March  9,  1899. 

MAJOR  WALTER  SCOTT,  APRIL  1,  1898. 

In  United  States  Service. —  Major,  1st  Regt,  N.  Y.  Vols.,  May 
20,  1898;  Lieutenant-Colonel,  February  6,  1899,  to  February 
26,  1899. 

In  State  Service. —  Private,  Third  Separate  Company,  Dec.  29, 
1880;  Second  Lieutenant,  Aug.  1,  1881;  First  Lieutenant,  Jan. 
25,  1886;  Captain,  Sept.  28,  1886;  Major,  17  Battalion,  April 
1,  1898.  Retired,  March  9,  1899. 

2693       (BornN.  Y.)       ROBERT  T.  EMMET      (Ap'd  at  Large)       53 
Military  History. —  Cadet  at  the  Military  Academy,   Sep.   1, 
1873,  to  June  14,  1877,  when  he  was  graduated  and  promoted  in 
the  Army  to  Second  Lieut.,  9th  Cavalry,  June  15,  1877. 


44  ANNUAL  REPORT  OP  THE 

Served :  on  leave  of  absence  and  awaiting  orders,  June  15,  to 
Dec.  20,  1877;  on  frontier  duty  at  Ojo  Caliente,  N.  M.,  Dec.  26, 
1877,  to  Mar.  18,  1878,— on  Ute  Expedition,  to  Sep.  10,  1878,— 
at  Ft.  Union.  N.  M.,  and  commanding  Indian  Scouts  in  the  field, 
to  Feb.  10,  1881,  being  engaged  in  Fights  with  Apache  Indians, 
Sep.  18  and  29,  1879,  and  Apr.  12,  1880,  —Acting  Engineer  Officer 
of  District  of  New  Mexico,  Mar.  5  to  Oct.  26,  1881,—  and  in  Chief 
Engineer's  Office,  Department  of  the  Missouri,  to  Nov.  21,  1881; 
on  leave  of  absence,  to  Jan.  7,  1882;  as  Aide-de-Camp  to  Major- 
General  Pope,  Jan.  7,  1882,  to  Oct.  21,  1885;  on  frontier  duty 
(First  Lieutenant,  9th  Cavalry,  Jan.  20,  1883  at  Ft.  Niobrara, 
Neb.  (leave  of  absence,  May  20,  to  Sep.  23,  1887,  and  Dec.  20, 
1887,  to  Feb.  21,  1888),  to  Mar.  22,  1889;  and  on  recruiting  Ser 
vice.  Resigned,  April  6th,  1891. 

Awarded  Medal  of  Honor  for  distinguished  gallantry  in  fight 
with  hostile  Indians  at  Las  Aninias  Canon,  N.  M.,  Sept.  18th, 
1879. 

Volunteer  Service. —  First  Lieutenant  and  Regimental  Adju 
tant,  1st  Regt,  N.  Y.  Vols.,  May  20th,  1898;  Major,  May  24th, 
1898,  to  Feb.  26th,  1899. 

MAJOR  J.  K.  SAGUE. 

Enlisted  private,  15th  Separate  Company,  June  1st,  1899;  Cor 
poral,  March  24th,  1890;  Sergeant,  Jany.  18th,  1893;  2nd  Lieu 
tenant,  July  2nd,  1894;  1st  Lieutenant,  March  17th,  1896; 
Captain,  May  5th,  1896;  Capt.  Co.  K,  1st  N.  Y.  Vols.,  May  20th, 
1898 ;  Major,  1st  Regiment,  N.  Y.  Vols.,  Feb.  19th,  1899.  Mustered 
out,  Feb.  22nd,  1899. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  45 

HISTORY    OF    THE    SECOND    REGIMENT,    NEW    YORK 

VOLUNTEERS. 

On  the  2d  of  May,  1898.  the  Thirteenth,  Fourteenth  and 
Fifteenth  Battalions  of  the  Third  Brigade  of  the  National  Guard 
of  the  State  of  New  York,  pursuant  to  orders  received  from  the 
Adjutant-General's  office,  proceeded,  with  such  of  their  enlisted 
men  as  were  willing  to  serve  for  two  years  in  the  Volunteer 
Army  of  the  United  States,  from  their  home  stations  to  Hemp- 
stead  Plains,  where  a  camp  of  mobilization  was  to  be  established. 
These  battalions  were  to  be  formed  into  a  regiment  to  be  known 
as  the  Second  New  York  Volunteers,  under  command  of  Captain 
E.  E.  Hardin  of  the  Seventh  United  States  Infantry,  who  was  to 
receive  a  commission  as  Colonel  of  Volunteers.  Major  James  H. 
Lloyd  of  the  Thirteenth  Battalion  was  designated  as  Lieutenant- 
Colonel. 

Each  battalion  proceeded  by  a  special  train  to  its  destination 
and  all  arrived  between  three  and  five  o'clock.  Camp  was  laid 
out  by  the  Engineer  and  as  soon  as  the  lines  were  given,  the 
tents  sprang  up  like  a  mushroom  growth.  This  camp  was  named 
"  Camp  Black  "  in  honor  of  the  Governor  of  the  State. 

Colonel  Hardin  joined  the  Regiment  and  assumed  command 
on  the  3d  of  May,  and  the  work  of  preparation  for  muster  was 
immediately  undertaken.  Dr.  Henry  C.  Baum  of  the  Forty- 
first  Separate  Company  of  Syracuse  was  mustered  in  and  as 
signed  to  the  Regiment  as  Assistant  Surgeon  on  the  5th.  Major 
Lewis  Balch,  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon-General,  State  of  New 
York,  who  had  been  absent  on  leave  since  the  arrival  of  the 
Regiment,  returned  on  the  5ih  and  was  mustered  in  on  the  6th  as 
Surgeon. 


46  ANNUAL  REPORT  OP  THE 

The  Surgeon,  assisted  by  Dr.  Albert  F.  Brugmau  of  the  Second 
Battery,  N.  G.,  N.  Y.,  who  was  subsequently  assigned  to  the 
Regiment  as  Assistant  Surgeon  and  mustered  in  on  the  16th  inst., 
immediately  commenced  the  work  of  physically  examining  the 
men  of  the  Regiment.  From  four  to  twenty-two  men  were 
thrown  out  of  each  company.  Their  places  were  filled  by  recruits 
sent  from  the  home  stations,  and  on  Saturday,  the  14th,  the  work 
of  examination  of  both  officers  and  men  was  practically  con 
cluded,  and  the  Regiment  ready  for  muster. 

On  The  llth  day  of  May,  1898,  all  the  regiments  of  infantry 
were  formed  in  line  of  masses  for  review  by  the  Commander-in- 
Chief,  the  Honorable  Frank  S.  Black,  Governor  of  the 
State  of  New  York,  Troops  A  and  C  acting  as  escort. 
On  the  16th  of  May  the  Third  Battalion,  composed  of 
men  from  the  Forty-sixth,  Thirty-first,  Thirty-sixth  and  Thirty- 
seventh,  designated  respectively  as  Companies  H,  G,  E 
and  F,  were  mustered  in,  and  Major  Austin  A.  Yates 
was  mustered  in  and  placed  in  command  of  them;  after 
which  the  companies  composed  of  men  from  the  Eighteenth, 
Thirty-second,  Twenty-second  and  Ninth,  designated  respectively 
as  Companies  K,  M,  L  and  I,  were  mustered  in,  and  Major  James 
W.  Lester  was  mustered  in  and  placed  in  command.  Part  of  the 
other  battalion  being  absent  on  provost  guard  duty,  only  two 
companies  from  it  were  mustered  in,  viz. :  the  Seventh  and 
Twenty-first,  designated  as  Companies  B  and  D.  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  James  H.  Lloyd  was  mustered  in  and  placed  in  command 
of  the  ten  companies.  On  the  17th  inst.  the  companies  composed 
of  men  from  the  Twelfth  and  Sixth,  designated  respectively  Com 
panies  C  and  A,  were  mustered  in,  after  which  the  Regiment  was 
formed  in  line  of  masses  and  the  oath  was  administered  to 
Colonel  E.  E.  Hardin,  who  was  placed  in  command  thereof. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  47 

No  change  was  made  in  the  officers  of  the  Regiment  as  they 
came  from  their  home  stations  except  in  the  following  cases: 
Lieutenant  B.  L.  Aldiich  of  K  Company,  who  came  from  the 
home  station  with  his  company,  was  not  mustered  in  owing  to  his 
physical  condition;  Lieutenant  Michael  Sullivan  of  D  Company 
was  mustered  in,  in  place  of  Lieutenant  Sylvester  W.  Wright, 
who  came  from  the  home  station  with  his  company;  Chester  G. 
Wager  of  the  Twenty-first  Separate  Company,  N.  G.,  N.  Y., 
Quartermaster- Sergeant,  was  not  mustered  in;  First  Lieutenant 
John  S.  Wilson,  who  was  appointed  Assistant  Surgeon  of  the 
Regiment,  resigned,  to  accept  the  position  of  Surgeon  of  the 
Twenty-second  Regiment,  New  York  Volunteer  Infantry. 

The  officers  of  the  Regiment  and  the  companies  constituting  it 
were  as  follows: 

Colonel,  Edward  E.  llardiu,  Seventh  U.  S.  Infantry. 

Lieutenant-Colonel,  James  H.  Lloyd,  Thirteenth  Battalion, 
National  Guard,  New  York. 

Major,  James  W.  Lester,  Fourteenth  Battalion,  National 
Guard,  New  'York. 

Major,  Austin  A.  Yates,  Fifteenth  Battalion,  National  Guard, 
New  York. 

Surgeon,  Lewis  Balch,  Major  and  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon 
General. 

Chaplain,  Hector  Hall,  D.  D. 

Adjutant,  James  J.  Phelan,  Adjutant  Thirteenth  Battalion, 
National  Guard,  New  York. 

Quartermaster,  George  M.  Alden,  Quartermaster,  Thirteenth 
Battalion,  National  Guard,  New  York. 

Sergeant-Major,  W.  Swift  Martin,  Sixth  Separate  Company, 
National  Guard,  New  York. 


48  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

THIRTEENTH   BATTALION. 

COMPANY    B. 

Seventh  Separate  Company,  Cohoes.— Captain,  T.  Campbell 
Collin;  First  lieutenant,  John  J.  McGaffin;  Second  Lieutenant, 
Edward  J.  White. 

COMPANY    C. 

Twelfth  Separate  Company,  Troy. —  Captain,  John  P.  Treanor; 
First  Lieutenant,  Rufus  M.  Townsend;  Second  Lieutenant, 
William  Baker. 

COMPANY  D. 

Twenty-first  Separate  Company,  Troy.— Captain,  Merrill  M. 
Dunspaugh ;  First  Lieutenant;  William  J.  Galbraith ;  Second 
Lieutenant,  Michael  Sullivan. 

COMPANY    A. 

Sixth  Separate  Company,  Troy. —  Captain,  E.  Courtland  Gale; 
First  Lieutenant,  Henry  P.  Sherman ;  Second  Lieutenant,  Carroll 
L.  Maxcy. 

FOURTEENTH   BATTALION. 

Major  James  W.  Lester,,  Commanding. 

COMPANY    K. 

Eighteenth  Separate  Company,  Glens  Falls. —  Captain,  Loyal 
L.  Davis;  First  Lieutenant,  Seldon  W.  Mott.  Bishop  L.  Aldrich 
was  the  Second  Lieutenant  in  the  National  Guard  and  went  to 
Camp  Black,  was  taken  sick  and  not  mustered. 

Daniel  J.  Hogan  was  appointed  Second  Lieutenant  by  tele 
gram  from  Governor  on  day  of  muster.  Telegram  received 
too  late  and  Hogan  was  mustered  as  Sergeant.  He  immediately 
began  duty  as  Lieutenant  and  later  on  was  commissioned  and 
mustered  as  Lieutenant,  with  rank  as  of  the  date  of  the  original 
muster  of  the  company. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  49 

COMPANY  I. 

Ninth  Separate  Company,  Whitehall. —  Captain,  Ernest  A. 
Greenough ;  First  Lieutenant,  Emmet  J.  Gray ;  Second  Lieuten 
ant,  Alanson  D.  Bartholomew. 

COMPANY    M. 

Thirty-second  Separate  Company,  Hoosick  Falls. —  Captain, 
Frank  L.  Steyens;  First  Lieutenant,  Walter  A.  Wood,  Jr.;  Second 
Lieutenant,  Louis  E.  Potter. 

COMPANY  L. 

Twenty-second  Separate  Company,  Saratoga  Springs. —  Cap 
tain,  Amos  0.  Rich;  First  Lieutenant,  John  A.  Schwarte;  Second 
Lieutenant,  Obed  M.  Coleman. 

FIFTEENTH  BATTALION. 
Major  Austin  A.  Yates,  Commanding. 

COMPANY    H. 

Forty-sixth  Separate  Company,  Amsterdam. — Captain,  Darwin 
E.  Vunk;  First  Lieutenant,  George  Hughes;  Second  Lieutenant, 

Daniel  Masten. 

COMPANY  P. 

Thirty-seventh  Separate  Company,  Schenectady. —  Captain, 
Frank  Bauder;  First  Lieutenant,  George  M.  Crippen;  Second 
Lieutenant,  Albert  Wells. 

COMPANY    G. 

Thirty-first  Separate  Company,  Mohawk.-- Captain,  Horatio 
P.  Witherstine;  First  Lieutenant,  Delos  M.  Dodge;  Second  Lieu 
tenant,  Wilbur  Eddy. 

COMPANY  E. 

Thirty-sixth  Separate  Company,  Schenectady.—  Captain,  J.  M. 
Andrews,  Jr.;  First  Lieutenant,  George  de  B.  Greene;  Second 
Lieutenant,  Donald  Hutton. 
4 


50     i^'  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

Notwithstanding  almost  incessant  rain  during  the  entire  time 
at  Camp  Black,  the  Regiment  received  great  benefit  from  the 
drills  at  this  camp  and  the  men  hardened  down  into  real  soldiers. 
It  was  jocosely  remarked  by  some  of  the  men  that  the  physical 
examination  to  which  they  were  subjected  was  unnecessary,  as 
any  man  who  was  alive  at  the  time  the  Regiment  was  mustered 
in,  must  be  without  any  doubt  physically  sound. 

On  the  18th  of  May  the  Regiment  started,  pursuant  to  orders 
received  May  15th,  for  Chickamauga,  Ga.  The  large  Sibley  tents 
were  taken  down ;  breakfast  was  had  early  and  the  tents,  camp 
equipage  and  rations  were  hauled  to  the  railroad  station  and 
loaded  onto  the  trains.  Two  days  travel  rations  were  issued  to 
each  of  the  companies  and  at  9.30  a.  m.  the  Regiment  moved  out 
of  camp.  At  10.30  a.  m.  the  first  section,  carrying  one-half  of  the 
Regiment,  pulled  out  from  the  station,  followed  in  a  few  moments 
by  the  second  section  with  the  rest  of  the  Regiment.  The  trains 
were  run  to  Long  Island  City,  where  the  troops  were  put  aboard 
a  large  ferryboat,  which  Janded  them  at  the  pier  of  the  Central 
Railroad  of  New  Jersey  in  Jersey  City.  Here  a  train  of  three 
sections,  composed  of  antique  cars  of  the  Philadelphia  &  Read 
ing  Railroad,  freshly  painted  on  the  exterior,  were  found  waiting 
for  the  Regiment.  One  battalion  was  put  aboard  each  section 
and  after  a  delay  of  nearly  two  hours,  during  which  an  additional 
car  was  added  to  each  section  so  as  to  give  each  man  a  whole 
seat,  the  sections  pulled  out  of  the  station.  The  first  section  was 
in  charge  of  Colonel  Hardin  and  carried  Companies  A,  B,  C  and 
D.  The  second  section  was  in  charge  of  Lieutenant-Colonel 
Lloyd  and  carried  Companies  E,  F,  G  and  H;  and  the  third  sec 
tion  was  in  charge  of  Major  Lester  and  carried  Companies  I,  K, 
L  and  M.  Although  the  sections  left  Jersey  City  less  than  ten 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  51 

minutes  apart,  they  became  three  or  four  hours  apart  before 
long. 

The  route  taken  was  over  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey 
and  the  Philadelphia  £  Reading  to  Philadelphia ;  thence,  via  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  through  Baltimore  and  Washington 
to  Parkersburg,  and  thence,  via  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  South 
western  Railway  to  Cincinnati.  From  Cincinnati  the  route  lay 
over  the  Queen  &  Crescent  to  Chattanooga,  and  the  Chattanooga 
Valley,  Rome  &  Columbus  Railroad  to  Lytle  Station,  Chicka- 
mauga  Battlefield.  When  the  first  section  arrived  at  Washing 
ton  an  order  was  received  from  the  War  Department  directing 
that  Private  Edward  Murphy,  2d,  of  A  Company,  be  detached 
from  the  Regiment,  and  that  he  report  at  once  to  the  War  Depart 
ment  to  receive  a  Commission  as  Captain  and  Assistant  Adju 
tant-General. 

The  first  and  second  sections  arrived  at  Lytle,  Ga.,  late  in  the 
evening  of  the  20th,  and  the  third  section  about  ten  a.  m.  of 
the  21st. 

The  first  section  came  through  without  much  trouble,  but  sev 
eral  cars  in  both  the  second  and  third  sections  were  condemned  by 
the  inspectors  for  broken  fianges,  defective  air  brakes  or  flat 
wheels,  and  each  car,  as  it  was  condemned,  was  replaced  by 
another  old  car.  The  third  section,  which  arrived  at  Chattanooga 
at  dusk  on  the  20th,  was  side-tracked  in  the  city  and  pulled  out 
to  Lytle  the  next  morning,  where  it  joined  the  rest  of  the  Regi 
ment.  The  Regiment  went  into  Camp  on  Saturday,  the  21st,  in 
the  southeastern  part  of  the  National  Military  Park  just  north 
of  the  intersection  of  the  Thedford  Ford  Road  with  the  Dalton 
Ford  Road. 

At  first  the  Regiment  suffered  from  a  lack  of  good  water,  but 
after  three  or  four  days  the  pipe  line  was  laid  out  in  rear  of  the 


62  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF 

Camp  and  good  water  was  at  hand  for  washing  and  cooking. 
Coming  as  they  did  from  the  cold  of  Hempstead  Plains,  the  men 
of  the  Regiment  suffered  much  from  the  intense  heat  of  Chicka- 
mauga,  and  there  were  a  number  of  cases  of  sickness  caused  by 
the  bad  water  of  the  first  few  days. 

Here  the  Regiment  was  brigaded  with  the  Fifth  Maryland 
and  the  Second  Nebraska,  under  command  of  Colonel  Hardin, 
as  the  Second  Brigade,  and  attached  to  the  first  division  com 
manded  by  Colonel  Frederick  Dent  Grant  of  the  Fourteenth 
New  York  Volunteer  Infantry  and  the  First  Army  Corps  under 
Major-General  James  F.  Wade.  Colonel  Hardin  was  succeeded 
subsequently  by  Colonel  Bills  of  the  Second  Nebraska  Volunteer 
Infantry,  and  Colonel  Grant,  by  Brigadier-General  Louis  H. 
Carpenter. 

Major  Lewis  Balch  was  detached  and  assigned  to  duty  as 
Acting  Chief  Surgeon  of  the  First  Division.  He  organized  a 
Division  Hospital  and  Ambulance  Company. 

Lieutenant  George  de  B.  Greene  of  Company  E  was  appointed 
Acting  Assistant  Adjutant-General  of  the  Brigade  under  Colonel 
Hardin.  and  Lieutenant  Walter  A.  Wood,  Jr.,  was  appointed 
Brigade  Commissary. 

On  May  31st  Corporal  Purman  of  E  Company  was  transferred 
to  the  First  U.  S.  Volunteer  Engineers. 

Here  the  Regiment  recruited  one  hundred  and  seventeen  mules 
and  twenty-nine  wagons  to  carry  camp  equipage  and  rations. 

The  Regiment  received  orders  on  May  30th  to  proceed  on  June 
1st  to  Tampa,  Florida. 

The  large  tents  were  taken  down  on  the  31st  and  everything 
packed  that  could  be,  and  the  men  spent  that  night  in  their 
shelter  tents.  Promptly  at  six  a.  m.  on  June  1st  the  command 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  53 

"  Forward !  "  was  given  and  the  Regiment  marched  to  Rossville, 
Tenii.,  a  distance  of  about  nine  miles,  arriving  about  nine  a.  m. 
Here  the  Regiment  had  to  combat  with  inadequate  railroad 
facilities.  After  much  backing  and  filling  a  train  of  flat  cars 
was  pulled  up,  the  wagons  were  loaded  upon  it,  and  the  train 
was  dispatched.  A  train  of  cattle  cars  was,  after  long  waiting 
and  much  shifting  of  cars,  finally  drawn  alongside  of  the  plat 
form  and  then  the  work  of  loading  the  horses  and  mules  was 
undertaken.  This  work  caused  much  merriment  among  the  men, 
but  was  expeditiously  accomplished.  General  L.  H.  Carpenter 
and  staff  accompanied  the  first  section  of  the  troops,  composed 
of  Companies  E,  F,  G  and  H,  in  charge  of  Colonel  Hardin.  This 
section  left  Rossville  about  six  p.  m.  The  second  section,  carrying 
Companies  I,  K,  L  and  M,  in  charge  of  Major  Lester,  left  about 
eight-twenty  p.  m.,  and  the  third  section,  carrying  Companies  A, 
B,  C  and  D,  in  charge  of  Major  Collin,  left  about  ten  p.  m.  The 
route  taken  lay  over  the  Southern  Railroad  and  Florida  Central 
&  Peninsular  Railroad.  Owing  to  the  large  number  of  troops 
transported  over  these  lines  and  the  inadequate  facilities  for 
handling  them, —  the  Florida  Central  &  Peninsular  being  a  single 
track  road, —  the  progress  was  very  slow.  Long  waits  were  made 
at  sidings  for  trains  to  pass.  One  section,  the  second,  was  side 
tracked  and  remained  nearly  twelve  hours  at  a  place  called 
Turkey  Creek,  only  about  seventeen  miles  from  Tampa.  Had  it 
not  been  for  the  fact  that  the  men  bought  food  all  along  the  line, 
thereby  making  a  saving  on  their  travel  rations,  the  two  days 
travel  rations  issued  would  have  given  out  long  before  the  troops 
reached  their  destination.  As  it  was,  the  second  section  went 
hungry  at  Turkey  Creek  and  the  third  section  lived  on  short 
rations  during  the  last  part  of  the  trip.  The  first  section  arrived 


54  ANNUAL  REPORT  OP  THE 

at  Tampa  on  June  3d  at  two  or  three  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  and 
opened  Camp  at  Fort  Brooke,  an  old  army  garrison  on  Hills- 
borough  Bay.  The  second  section  Arrived  about  three  a.  m.  on 
the  4  tli  of  June,  and  the  third  section  about  eleven  a.  m.  the 
same  day.  On  the  way  down  the  troop  train  got  ahead  of  the 
wagon  train  and  the  mule  train,  so  that  the  troops  were  obliged 
to  go  into  Camp  without  their  rations  and  cooking  utensils,  which 
were  in  the  wagons.  Some  rations  were  drawn  from  the  Com 
missary  Department  for  temporary  use  and,  with  improvised 
cooking  utensils,  the  hunger  of  the  men  was  appeased.  The 
wagons  and  mules  arrived  later  the  same  day,  much  to  the  grati 
fication  of  the  men. 

The  Regiment  retained  its  same  Brigade  formation  as  at 
Chickamauga,  except  that  the  Fifth  Maryland  took  the  place 
of  the  Second  Nebraska,  and  the  Sixty-ninth  New  York  was 
added.  The  Sixty-ninth  New  York  was  soon  afterwards  detached 
and  the  Brigade  consisted  of  the  Second  New  York,  the  Fifth 
Maryland  and  the  First  District  of  Columbia,  under  command 
of  Brigadier-General  L.  H.  Carpenter,  and  known  as  "  Carpen 
ter's  Brigade,"  afterwards  the  Second  Brigade.  This  Brigade 
was  a  part  of  the  Second  Division  under  command  of  Brigadier- 
General  Simon  Snyder  and  the  Fourth  Army  Corps  under 
Major-General  John  J.  Coppinger. 

Camp  was  made  with  the  shelter  tents  and  it  was  not  thought 
worth  while  to  put  up  the  large  tents  as  the  Regiment  expected 
to  go  aboard  the  transports  at  Port  Tampa  as  a  part  of  the  first 
Cuban  expedition  under  General  William  R.  Shafter.  Ten  days' 
travel  ration  were  issued  and  ammunition  at  the  rate  of  one  hun 
dred  rounds  per  man,  and  the  officers'  horses  were  sent  aboard  the 
transports.  The  Regiment  then  waited  orders  to  move.  The 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  55 

orders  did  not  come,  but  after  two  days,  back  the  horses  came, 
and  at  the  same  time  information  that  the  capacity  of  the  trans 
ports  had  been  overestimated  and  they  were  already  crowded. 
So  the  expedition  left,  much  to  the  regret  of  the  entire  Regiment, 
leaving  the  Second  New  York  behind. 

After  experiencing  one  of  the  typical  storms  of  the  rainy  season 
in  which  the  rain  falls  in  sheets,  the  large  tents  were  put  up.  The 
shelter  tents  in  such  a  storm  were  of  little  protection  and  the  men 
were  all  soaked. 

On  June  6th  the  resignation  of  Lieutenant  Carroll  L.  Maxcy 
of  A  Company,  who  had  returned  to  Troy  from  Camp  Thomas 
on  May  29th,  was,  by  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  accepted 
and  he  was  honorably  discharged  from  the  United  States  service, 
his  discharge  to  take  effect  May  31,  1898. 

Private  John  Flynn,  Jr.,  of  A  Company  was  also  on  June  7th, 
by  order  of  the  Assistant  Secretary  of  War,  discharged  to  accept 
a  position  as  Lieutenant  in  the  Engineer  Corps. 

On  the  8th  day  of  June  Private  Michael  P.  Sheary  of  A  Com 
pany  was  directed  to  be  discharged  by  the  Assistant  Secretary  of 
War  to  accept  a  commission  as  Paymaster  with  rank  of  Major 
in  the  U.  S.  Volunteers,  and  on  the  same  day  Private  Sanford 
L.  Cluett  was  transferred  to  the  First  Regiment  U.  S.  Volunteer 
Engineers  arid  expected  to  receive  a  commission  as  First  Lieu 
tenant. 

On  the  14th  of  June  Private  Eugene  Warren,  also  of  A  Com 
pany,  was  directed  to  be  discharged  by  the  Assistant  Secretary  of 
War  to  accept  a  clerkship  in  the  Paymaster's  office  under  Major 
Sheary. 

On  the  15th  of  June,  by  order  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  the 
resignation  of  Hector  Hall  as  Chaplain,  was  accepted  and  he  was 


56  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

honorably  discharged  from  the  United  States  service,  and  on 
June  21st  Private  George  W.  Kinne,  of  D  Company,  was  trans 
ferred  to  the  First  Regiment  U.  S.  Volunteer  Engineers. 

On  the  10th  of  June  Major  Lewis  Balch,  Surgeon  of  the  Regi 
ment,  was  appointed  Chief  Surgeon  of  the  Division  by  an  order 
issued  from  Division  Headquarters,  and  on  the  same  order  First 
Lieutenant  Rufus  M.  Townsend,  First  Lieutenant  C  Company, 
was  appointed  Chief  Commissary  of  Subsistence  of  the  Division. 

Pursuant  to  orders  issued  by  Major-General  Coppinger  under 
date  of  June  15,  1898,  Major  Austin  A.  Yates,  Captain  Loyal  L. 
Davis,  of  K  Company,  and  Captain  Merrill  M.  Dunspaugh,  of  D 
Company,  with  one  man  from  each  company,  left  Tampa  on  the 
same  day  on  recruiting  service.  These  officers  were  instructed  to 
recruit  each  company  up  to  the  maximum  strength  of  one  hun 
dred  and  six  enlisted  men. 

The  Regiment  was  hampered  very  much  at  this  Camp  because 
there  were  no  facilities  for  Regimental,  Battalion  or  Company 
drills.  The  drill  hours  were  consumed  by  the  Company  com 
manders  in  instruction  in  arming  and  firing,  and  in  the  Manual 
of  Arms.  The  other  Regiments  of  the  Brigade,  the  First  District 
of  Columbia  and  Fifth  Maryland,  being  hampered  in  the  same 
way,  General  Carpenter  ordered  that  each  Regiment  of  the 
Brigade  in  turn  go  out  to  Tampa  Heights  two  afternoons  each 
week,  bivouac  there  over  night  and  have  Regimental  drill  for 
three  or  four  hours  in  the  early  morning,  marching  back  to  Camp 
after  it  was  over. 

On  the  24th  of  June  the  Regiment  left  for  its  drill  at  Tampa 
Heights  at  four  p.  m.  The  day  was  terrifically  hot  and  the  dark 
clouds  along  the  horizon  betokened  a  coming  storm.  Supper  was 
served  to  the  men  and  the  shelter  tents  were  soon  up  and  trenched. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  57 

Shortly  after  seven  o'clock  the  storm  broke  in  all  its  fury.  The 
vivid  lightning  was  followed  by  the  crashing  and  booming  of  the 
thunder.  About  7.45  a  flash  of  lightning  descended  right  into  the 
Camp,  striking  a  tall  pine  tree  at  the  foot  of  the  C  Company 
street  and,  leaving  the  tree  about  thirty  feet  from  the  ground, 
shot  obliquely  off  toward  the  tents.  The  noise  of  the  thunder 
was  deafening.  Instantly  every  one  who  could  sprang  out  of  his 
tent,  and  the  Camp,  which  had  quieted  down  for  the  night,  was  a 
scene  of  the  utmost  tumult  and  confusion.  In  every  street  some 
men  were  senseless  or  partially  paralyzed.  Some  of  these,  how 
ever,  quickly  regained  consciousness.  There  were  few  lights  in 
Camp  and  no  place  to  take  the  unconscious  men  where  they  would 
be  protected  from  the  fury  of  the  storm.  Three  or  four  hundred 
yards  away  could  be  seen  tents  which  were  said  to  be  the  General 
Field  Hospital,  and  thither  their  comrades  carried  the  apparently 
lifeless  men.  These  tents,  however,  were  found  to  be  the  tents  of 
the  administrative  part  of  a  measles  hospital.  The  men  were 
carried  in  here,  and,  under  the  direction  of  the  doctors  and  hos 
pital  men,  efforts  were  made  to  restore  them  to  consciousness, 
which  were  successful  in  all  but  one  case.  Private  Edward 
Nichols,  of  C  Company,  who  was  sitting  on  the  ground  under 
his  tent  reading,  probably  never  knew  what  struck  him.  Al 
though  he  was  pulseless  and  without  heart  action  when  he  was 
brought  in,  he  was  worked  over  for  nearly  an  hour,  but  without 
success. 

Near  the  hospital  tents  there  was  a  large  number  of  ambulances 
packed  with  hospital  necessaries.  These  were  backed  around 
and  as  the  men  regained  consciousness  and  the  partial  use  of 
their  limbs  they  were  laid  on  stretchers  and  put  into  the  am 
bulances  so  as  to  give  more  room  for  the  others.  It  was  decided 


58  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

then  to  take  them  to  the  General  Field  Hospital  and  the  first 
ambulance  loaded  was  taken  by  the  men  to  this  hospital,  which 
was  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  away.  Mules  were  hitched  to  the 
other  ambulances  and  they  were  drawn  over  to  the  hospital  until 
the  fourteen  men  most  seriously  injured  had  been  taken  over. 
These  fourteen  men  came  principally  from  C  Company.  They 
were  Corporals  Wm.  A.  Hamilton  and  John  J.  Barnival,  and 
Privates  John  Harper,  F.  C.  Simmons,  Wm.  Scidmore,  Wm.  P. 
Ryan,  Wm.  Blanchard,  Andrew  F.  Groebecker,  Andrew  McBride 
and  Charles  I.  Case  of  C  Company;  Private  Edward  Wales  of  A 
Company  and  Privates  J.  S.  Jones,  Delvert  Sheffield  and  Lewis 
C.  Schermerhorn  of  F  Company. 

In  addition  to  the  men  taken  to  the  hospital,  Private  James 
Goo  of  G  Company,  Henry  Gould  of  F  Company,  Fred  Brezee 
of  L  Company  and  Sergeant  E.  M.  Allen  of  1  Company,  were 
injured,  but  taken  care  of  in  their  own  company  street.  All 
these  men  recovered  in  a  day  or  two  and  were  returned  to  duty, 
except  Private  Charles  I  Case,  of  C  Company,  who  was  a  tent 
mate  of  Private  Nichols  who  was  killed. 

So  far  as  it  was  possible  to  ascertain  it  was  found  that  nearly, 
if  not  quite,  all  of  the  men  seriously  injured,  as  well  as  Private 
Nichols,  who  was  killed,  did  not  have  their  rubber  ponchos  under 
them. 

The  remains  of  Private  Nichols,  after  funeral  services  had  been 
held,  were  on  June  25th  escorted  to  the  depot  and  sent  to  his 
home  at  Troy  for  interment. 

After  the  Regiment  was  mustered  in  at  Camp  Black  notifica 
tion  was  received  that  it  would  be  entitled  to  another  Major  and 
three  Battalion  Adjutants.  Attempts  were  made  to  have  the 
officers  appointed  to  fill  these  positions  mustered  in  at  Camp 
Alger  by  the  mustering  officer  there  because  the  officers  had  not 
received  their  formal  commissions. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  59 

On  June  20th,  at  Tampa,  the  following  officers  of  the  Regiment 
were  mustered  in : 

Thomas  C.  Collin,  Captain  B  Company,  as  Major  of  the  Third 
Battalion,  with  rank  from  May  23,  1898. 

George  de  B.  Greene,  First  Lieutenant  E  Company;  Thomas 
W.  Hislop,  Private  A  Company,  and  William  S.  Martin,  Regi 
mental  Sergeant  Major,  as  Battalion  Adjutants,  with  rank  from 
May  23,  1898. 

Daniel  J.  Hogan,  Sergeant  K  Company,  as  Second  Lieutenant 
K  Company,  with  rank  from  May  18,  1898,  and 

Calvin  S.  McChesney,  Quartermaster-Sergeant  A  Company,  as 
Second  Lieutenant  of  A  Company,  with  rank  from  June  13,  1898, 
vice  Maxey  resigned. 

On  the  28th  day  of  June  the  following  additional  officers  were 
mustered  in : 

John  McGaffin  as  Captain  B  Company,  vice  Collin  promoted, 
with  rank  from  June  22d. 

Edward  J.  White  as  First  Lieutenant  B  Company,  vice 
McGaffin  promoted,  with  rank  from  June  22d. 

William  Leland  Thompson,  a  private  of  A  Company,  as  Second 
Lieutenant  B  Company,  vice  White  promoted,  with  rank  from 
June  22d,  and 

Donald  J.  Button  as  First  Lieutenant  of  E  Company,  vice 
Greene  appointed  Battalion  Adjutant,  with  rank  from  June  22d. 

On  the  25th  of  June  orders  were  received  that  the  Regiment 
be  fully  equipped  to  be  loaded  onto  transports. 

On  June  28th,  pursuant  to  orders  issued  by  General  Coppinger, 
Lieutenant  W.  Swift  Martin,  with  Corporal  Francis  Carr  and 
Private  Wright  Van  Deusen,  both  of  D  Company,  left  for  Port 
Tampa,  where  they  were  to  be  placed  in  charge  of  some  field 


60  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

shields  for  use  of  the  invading  army,  which  they  were  to  take 
on  the  first  transports  to  be  sent. 

On  June  29th  Privates  John  W.  Maley  and  E.  F.  Bauth  of  B 
Company,  P.  J.  O'Brien  and  James  L.  Casey  of  C  Company,  and 
Alson  L.  Jones  of  M  Company,  were  transferred  to  the  Division 
Hospital  Corps. 

June  30th  the  entire  Regiment  was  mustered  by  Colonel  Hardin 
after  it  had  been  inspected  by  the  field  officers. 

On  the  first  day  of  July  several  men  in  the  Regiment  were 
discharged  to  accept  Commissions  as  Second  Lieutenants  in  the 
new  Volunteer  Regiments  to  be  formed  in  the  State  of  New  York, 
as  follows: 

Private  George  L.  Hare,  Jr.,  of  A  Company,  in  the  Two  hun 
dred  and  second  Regiment. 

Private  Esek  B.  Williamson  of  A  Company,  and  Private  Winsor 
B.  French  of  L  Company,  in  the  Two  hundred  and  first  Regi 
ment,  and 

Privates  Griswold  Green  and  George  Alford  Cluett  of  A  Com 
pany,  in  the  Two  hundred  and  third  Regiment. 

The  first  batch  of  recruits  arrived  on  June  28th  from  Major 
Yates : —  twelve  for  E  Company ;  twelve  for  F  Company ;  twelve 
for  G  Company,  and  twelve  for  H  Company;  and  July  2d  these 
were  followed  by  Captains  Davis  and  Dunspaugh  with  thirty- 
four  recruits  for  A  Company ;  twenty-six  for  B  Company ;  twenty- 
six  for  C  Company;  twenty-six  for  D  Company;  twenty-four  for  I 
Company ;  twenty-seven  for  K  Company ;  twenty-eight  for  L  Com 
pany,  and  twenty-eight  for  M  Company.  They  arrived  about 
half  past  twelve  o'clock  and  were  vociferously  cheered  by  the 
Regiment.  On  the  2d  of  July  the  First  District  of  Columbia  left 
for  Port  Tampa  to  take  transports. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  61 

On  the  5th  day  of  July  Second  Lieutenant  William  L.  Thomp 
son,  of  B  Company,  was,  by  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  or 
dered  to  "  report  to  the  Governor  of  the  State  of  New  York  to  ac 
cept  promotion  in  another  regiment."  The  promotion  obtained 
by  Lieutenant  Thompson  was  a  commission  as  Second  Lieutenant 
in  the  Two  Hundred  and  First  Regiment,  which  he  resigned  Sep 
tember  7,  1898. 

On  the  5th  day  of  July  Second  Lieutenant  A.  D.  Bartholomew, 
of  I  Company,  was  relieved  from  duty  at  the  Quartermaster's  De 
pot,  where  he  was  ordered  on  June  10th,  and  ordered  to  rejoin 
his  regiment. 

Private  Hiram  C.  Todd,  of  L  Company,  was,  by  direction  of  the 
Assistant  Secretary7  of  War,  discharged  to  accept  a  commission. 
Private  Todd  left  the  regiment  July  5th  and  was  subsequently 
commissioned  second  lieutenant  of  A  Company  in  the  Two  Hun 
dred  and  Second  Regiment,  New  York  Infantry,  and  went  with 
his  regiment  to  Pinar  del  Rio,  Cuba,  in  December,  1898. 

On  the  6th  of  July  notification  was  received  from  Corps  Head 
quarters  that  transportation  would  be  ready  to  move  two  battal 
ions  of  the  regiment  by  transport  to  Santiago.  The  First  Bat 
talion,  commanded  by  Major  Lester,  and  the  Third  Battalion, 
commanded  by  Major  Collin,  were  designated  as  the  battalions 
to  go.  The  Second  Battalion  was  to  follow  as  soon  as  transporta 
tion  was  ready.  The  recruits  were  to  be  left  at  Tampa  and  Lieu 
tenant-Colonel  Lloyd  was  detailed  to  remain  to  see  that  the 
recruits  were  drilled  and  put  into  shape  as  soon  as  possible. 

Everybody  got  rid  of  their  superfluous  baggage  and  everything 
was  packed  up  as  much  as  possible  so  that  the  designated  battal 
ions  could  be  moved  on  a  few  hours'  notice.  As  time  went  on  the 
chances  for  the  regiment  to  see  service  under  this  order  gradually 
faded  away  and  the  men  fell  back  into  the  old  rut. 


62  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

First  Sergeant  Thomas  J.  McNeill,  of  B  Company,  was  com 
missioned  Second  Lieutenant  of  B  Company  vice  Thompson  trans 
ferred,  with  rank  from  July  2d,  and  was  mustered  in  July  5th. 

Sergeant  Charles  E.  Parsons,  of  E  Company,  was  commissioned 
Second  Lieutenant  of  E  Company  vice  Hutton  promoted,  with 
rank  from  July  2d,  and  was  mustered  in  July  5th. 

On  July  8th  an  order  was  received  directing  the  discharge  of 
Private  Edward  Murphy,  Jr.,  who  had  been  carried  on  the  rolls  of 
A  Company  since  he  left  the  regiment  at  Washington  on  May 
19th.  The  discharge  was  to  take  effect  as  of  May  22d. 

On  July  8th  Private  Leland  T.  Lane,  of  A  Company,  was  trans 
ferred  to  the  First  Regiment  United  States  Volunteer  Engineers, 
and  was  afterwards  commissioned  Second  Lieutenant  in  the  Two 
Hundred  and  Second  Regiment.  (Lieutenant  Lane  resigned  his 
commission  Sept.  23,  1898.) 

On  the  10th  day  of  July  Brigadier-General  Louis  H.  Carpen 
ter  was  relieved  from  the  command  of  the  Brigade  and  assigned 
to  the  command  of  the  Third  Division  of  the  Fourth  Army  Corps, 
and  Brigadier-General  Joseph  K.  Hudson,  United  States  Volun 
teers,  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  Second  Brigade  of  the 
Second  Division.  General  Carpenter  left  on  the  12th  and  Gen 
eral  Hudson  assumed  command  of  the  Brigade  the  same  day. 

About  7  o'clock  on  the  evening  of  July  12th  orders  were  re 
ceived  for  the  regiment  to  be  in  readiness  to  go  aboard  transports 
for  Santiago  on  the  13th.  The  process  of  packing  up  was  again 
undertaken,  and  early  in  the  morning  of  the  13th  the  tents  of  the 
First  and  Second  Battalions  were  struck  and  the  tentage,  rations 
and  camp  equipage  put  aboard  the  train  for  Fort  Tampa. 

Matters  came  to  a  standstill  at  this  point  and  the  regiment 
waited.  It  was  understood  that  the  delay  was  occasioned  by  the 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  63 

fact  that  the  transports  had  not  been  properly  cleaned  and  put  in 
order  for  the  troops  and  that  they  could  not  be  made  ready  before 
noon  of  the  14th.  Accordingly  the  men  were  directed  to  put  up 
their  shelter  tents  and  make  themselves  as  comfortable  as  possible 
for  the  night.  Enough  rations  were  brought  back  to  feed  the 
troops,  which  the  men  prepared  for  themselves  as  well  as  they 
could.  About  11  o'clock  on  the  evening  of  the  13th  a  notice  came 
to  the  Commanding  Officer  that  the  expedition  would  not  be 
started,  presumably  owing  to  the  fact  that  yellow  fever  had 
broken  out  among  the  troops  at  Santiago.  This  was  a  great  dis 
appointment  to  the  men,  who  had  hoped  not  only  to  get  away 
from  the  unsanitary  camp  at  Tampa,  but  also  to  do  its  part  in 
the  work  of  the  Army  at  the  front. 

When  it  was  found  that  the  regiment  was  not  to  be  moved,  an 
attempt  was  made  to  find  a  new  camp  in  the  vicinity  of  Tampa, 
which  would  have  superior  sanitary  advantages,  but  without  suc 
cess.  The  large  tents  were,  therefore,  again  put  up  in  the  hope 
that  the  Tampa  Camp  would  be  soon  broken  up  and  the  troops 
removed  to  a  distance  from  the  typhoid  and  malaria  of  Tampa. 

On  the  19th  day  of  July,  1898,  Private  Charles  L.  Thayer,  of 
I)  Company,  died  at  the  hospital  at  Fort  McPherson,  Ga.,  of 
typhoid  fever.  No  notification  of  his  death  was  received  by  the 
regiment  or  the  family  of  the  deceased  at  Troy,  N.  Y.,  until  the 
matter  was  brought  to  the  attention  of  the  officers  of  the  regi 
ment  by  the  return  of  a  letter  written  to  Private  Thayer  and 
returned  to  the  writer  on  the  23d  inst.,  indorsed,  "  Dead,  July  18." 
This  information  was  subsequently  verified  by  telegraphic  com 
munication  with  the  hospital.  Why  no  notice  was  ever  sent  to 
the  regiment,  or  the  family  of  the  soldier,  of  his  death  or  burial, 
by  the  authorities  at  the  hospital,  has  not  been  explained,  and 


64  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

probably  cannot  be  explained  without  showing  gross  negligence 
on  the  part  of  the  hospital  authorities. 

On  the  evening  of  July  20th  an  order  was  received  for  the  regi 
ment  to  proceed  to  Fernandina,  Fla.,  on  the  21st  inst.  Packing 
up  of  camp  equipage,  rations,  etc.,  was  immediately  commenced 
and  prosecuted  with  vigor  until  a  late  hour  in  the  evening,  when 
word  was  received  that  the  Quartermaster  was  unable  to  provide 
transportation  for  the  regiment  owing  to  telegraphic  instructions 
received  from  Washington  that  the  road  of  the  Plant  System  was 
not  to  be  used  for  transportation  because  of  some  trouble  which 
the  Department  had  with  this  road. 

Thus  again  were  the  hopes  of  the  regiment  doomed  to  disap 
pointment. 

However,  on  the  26th  day  of  July,  the  Quartermaster's  De 
partment  notified  the  commanding  officer  of  the  regiment  that 
transportation  over  the  Florida  Central  and  Peninsular  Railroad 
would  be  ready  for  the  regiment  early  in  the  morning  of  the  27th, 
and  the  necessary  orders  were  issued  to  pack  up  and  break  camp. 
Reveille  was  sounded  at  3.45  and  tents  were  struck  at  the  sound 
ing  of  "  The  General  "  at  5  a.  m.,  and  by  8  a.  m.  everything  had 
been  hauled  to  the  station,  except  what  the  men  were  carrying  on 
their  backs.  Then  a  long  period  of  waiting  followed.  At  last 
the  railroad  company  produced  a  train  of  flat  cars  and  the 
wagons  were  quickly  loaded.  Then  another  long  wait,  and  then 
a  train  of  cattle  cars  for  the  horses  and  mules.  Finally  at  5  p.  m. 
word  was  received  that  the  passenger  coaches  for  half  the  regi 
ment,  which  were  to  constitute  a  train,  were  at  the  depot.  The 
First  Battalion  and  Companies  A  and  C  of  the  Third  Battalion 
were  immediately  formed  and  marched  to  the  depot  where  four 
teen  cars  were  found  to  accommodate  the  six  hundred  and  fifty- 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  65 

six  men  assigned  to  them.  The  cars  were  dirty,  foul  smelling  and 
unfit  for  occupation.  Forty-seven  men,  with  their  packs,  haver 
sacks,  canteens,  blankets  and  rifles,  had  to  be  crowded  into  each 
car.  This  the  men  accepted  without  much  objection,  preferring 
to  suffer  any  sort  of  hardship  rather  than  lose  this  chance  of  get 
ting  away  from  Tampa. 

The  other  section,  carrying  the  Second  Battalion  and  Compan 
ies  1>  and  D,  got  away  about  two  hours  afterward.  The  trip  to 
Fernandina  was  made  over  the  Florida  Central  and  Peninsula 
Railroad  and  the  first  section  arrived  between  7  and  8  o'clock  in 
the  morning  of  July  27th,  and  were  immediately  marched  to  the 
location  where  the  camp  was  to  be  made  about  three-quarters  of  a 
mile  east  of  the  village  of  Fernandina,  The  rest  of  the  regiment 
arrived  a  few  hours  later  and  proceeded  to  the  camp,  and  before 
dark  the  tents  were  pitched  and  the  men  under  cover.  The  entire 
camp  ground  was  covered  with  a  dense  growth  of  brush  from 
three  to  six  feet  high.  Enough  of  this  was  cut  the  first  day  so  as 
to  permit  the  tents  to  be  erected.  The  men  suffered  a  great  deal 
from  the  myriads  of  mosquitoes  which  hid  during  the  day  in  the 
dense  undergrowth,  but  as  the  brush  was  cleaned  away  they  grad 
ually  disappeared. 

The  effects  of  the  typhoid  camp  at  Tampa  which  had  been 
gradually  increasing  for  some  time  seemed  to  get  a  new  impetus. 
Everybody  had  more  or  less  of  aches  and  pains  and  the  sick  call 
was  very  largely  attended.  At  one  time  the  number  of  sick  in 
hospital  and  in  quarters  was  one  hundred  and  forty-two,  beside  a 
great  many  more  who  were  sick,  but  still  able  to  do  duty. 

•On  July  30th  Private  John  J.  Whalen  was  transferred  from 
C  Company  to  B  Company.  He  was  transferred  back  to  C  Com 
pany  August  13th. 


66  ANNUAL  KEFORT  OF  THE 

On  Sunday,  July  31st,  Frank  S.  Legnard,  of  Saratoga  Springs, 
a  private  in  L  Company,  died  at  the  Regimental  Hospital  in  con 
vulsions,  caused  by  malaria  toxaemia,  the  evident  result  of  our 
Tampa  camp.  His  body  was  sent  to  Saratoga  Springs  for 
interment. 

On  the  24th  of  July  the  regiment  was  transferred  to  the  First 
Brigade,  commanded  by  Brigadier-General  Jacob  Kline  in  the 
Third  Division,  commanded  by  Brigadier-General  Louis  H.  Car 
penter,  of  the  Fourth  Army  Corps,  under  General  Coppinger. 
This  brigade  included,  besides  the  Second  New  York,  the  Fifth 
Ohio  and  the  Thirty-second  Michigan. 

On  the  28th  day  of  July  Charles  W.  Frear,  a  private  of  A  Com 
pany,  was  transferred  by  order  from  the  War  Department, 
dated  July  26th,  1898,  to  the  Two  Hundred  and  Third  Regiment, 
New  York  Volunteers,  and  subsequently  made  Sergeant-Major 
in  that  regiment.  He  was  promoted  and  commissioned  second 
lieutenant  of  E  Company  in  the  same  regiment  September  25th, 
1898,  and  resigned  his  commission  November  llth,  1898. 

On  the  1st  day  of  August  Major  Lewis  Balch  was  relieved 
from  duty  as  chief  surgeon  of  the  Second  Division  of  the  Fourth 
Army  Corps  and  ordered  to  report  to  his  regiment  at  Fernandina, 
Florida. 

On  the  2d  day  of  August  Private  Frederick  C.  Morton,  of 
C  Company,  was  discharged. 

On  the  3rd  day  of  August  Captain  E.  C.  Gale  left  on  a  fifteen 
days'  leave  for  his  home  in  Troy.  On  the  4th  of  August  Walter 
A.  Wood,  first  lieutenant  of  M  Company  and  regimental  com 
missary,  left  on  a  ten  days'  sick  leave.  Lieutenant  Thomas  W. 
Hislop,  battalion  adjutant,  was  appointed  regimental  commis 
sary  in  his  place. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  67 

The  facilities  for  salt-water  bathing  were  excellent  here  owing 
to  the  hard  sand  beach  and  the  fine  surf.  The  men  of  the  regi 
ment  took  advantage  of  the  permission  given  them  to  bathe  and 
went  in  squads  and  companies  almost  daily  to  the  beach,  a  dis 
tance  of  about  a  mile,  to  take  a  dip  in  the  ocean. 

The  military  camp  at  Fernandina  was  augmented  daily  by  the 
arrival  of  new  regiments.  The  regiment's  neighbors  here  were 
the  1st,  3rd  and  5th  Ohio,  3rd-  Pennsylvania,  32nd  Michigan,  1st 
Florida,  157th  Indiana  and  69th  New  York,  besides  detachments 
of  the  1st,  2nd,  3rd,  6th,  9th  and  10th  Cavalry. 

On  August  3rd  Brgadier-General  Louis  H.  Carpenter,  in  com 
mand  of  the  Third  Division  of  the  Fourth  Army  Corps,  was 
directed  by  General  Coppinger  to  assume  command  of  the  Army 
Corps  as  soon  as  General  Coppinger  should  leave  the  country 
under  the  orders  he  had  received  to  proceed  to  Porto  Rico. 
General  Carpenter,  however,  never  assumed  command  of  the 
corps  as  General  Coppinger  was  delayed  in  his  departure  and 
finally  never  got  away. 

On  August  4th  drills,  which  had  not  been  held  since  the  arrival 
of  the  regiment  in  Fernandina,  were  again  resumed,  but  con 
tinued  only  through  the  next  day,  the  5th,  for  the  men  seemed 
to  be  without  strength  or  vitality.  Drills  were,  therefore,  given 
up  until  the  10th,  when  short  ones  were  held  each  morning  and 
afternoon. 

On  August  6th  the  officers  of  the  regiment  gave  a  dinner  at 
the  Regimental  Mess  to  the  division,  brigade  and  regimental 
commanders  who  were  at  Fernandina.  By  this  means  the  officers 
were  enabled  to  become  better  acquainted  with  the  general  offi 
cers  and  the  officers  of  the  other  regiments.  The  guests  included 
General  Carpenter,  who  was  in  command  of  the  division,  and 


G8  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

Generals  Lincoln  and  Hall,  in  command  of  brigades.  General 
Kline,  the  commanding  officer  of  the  First  Brigade,  was  pre 
vented  by  illness  from  being  present. 

Nearly  every  regiment  at  Fernandina  was  represented  by  its 
commanding  officer,  and  the  dinner  reflected  great  credit  not  only 
upon  the  committee  in  charge  of  it,  but  also  upon  the  Japanese 
cook,  Frank  Kittayama,  who  had  been  with  the  officers  of  the 
regiment  since  the  early  days  at  Camp  Black. 

August  7th  Dr.  Brugman  was  detailed  to  assist  the  surgeon 
of  the  Second  Division  Hospital  at  Fernandina. 

The  fourth  death  in  the  regiment  occurred  on  the  7th  of 
August,  when  Private  Tracy  E.  West,  of  L  Company,  died  at  the 
Regimental  Hospital. 

On  August  8th  Major  Lester  and  Captain  Trainor  left  for 
home,  the  former  on  a  leave  for  twenty  days,  and  the  latter  for 
ten  days,  and  the  same  day  E  Company  was  detailed  as  a  guard 
at  Division  Headquarters. 

On  the  9th  the  new  chaplain,  Rev.  Edwin  P.  Easter-brook, 
joined  the  regiment  and  immediately  commenced  his  ministra 
tions  to  the  regiment,  particularly  to  those  who  were  sick. 

On  August  9th  Private  Charles  W.  Allen,  of  M  Company, 
and  Private  Charles  N.  Baker,  of  C  Company,  died  at  the  Fort 
McPherson  Hospital  at  Atlanta,  and  on  the  10th  Private  Charles 
H.  Morrison,  of  D  Company,  died  at  the  same  hospital.  All 
three  of  these  men  died  of  typhoid  fever. 

This  brought  the  number  of  deaths  in  the  regiment  up  to  seven. 
These  deaths  were  not  reported  by  the  hospital  authorities  to  the 
regiment,  but  the  news  was  received  from  the  homes  of  the  men. 

During  all  this  time  the  sick  roll  of  the  regiment  continued  so 
large  that  additional  tents  were  obtained  and  put  up  to  accommo- 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  69 

date  the  large  number  of  sick.  A  very  large  number  of  men  too 
ill  to  do  duty,  but  able  to  travel,  secured  furloughs  and  went 
home  to  try  a  change  of  air  and  scene.  Many  of  these  after  their 
arrival  home  became  worse  arid  were  never  able  to  rejoin  their 
companies  until  after  the  regiment  was  sent  home  to  be  mus 
tered  out. 

On  August  12th  the  hearts  of  the  men  of  the  regiment  were 
gladdened  by  the  appearance  of  Major  M.  B.  Curry,  of  the  Pay 
master's  Department,  who  gave  the  men  their  July  pay. 

On  the  same  day  orders  were  received  for  the  regiment  to  go 
to  Huntsville,  Alabama,  as  soon  as  necessary  transportation  could 
be  provided.  It  was  the  announced  intention  of  the  government 
to  make  the  camp  at  Huntsville  a  camp  for  the  accommodation 
of  all  the  troops  at  Fernandina,  in  the  hope  that,  among  the 
mountains  of  Northern  Alabama,  the  men  could  regain  the 
strength  wrhich  they  had  lost  in  the  hot  and  pestilential  camps 
of  Southern  Florida. 

On  the  13th  day  of  August  hospital  supplies  for  the  regiment 
were  received  from  the  friends  of  the  men  in  the  North,  and  on 
the  15th  another  large  consignment  was  received. 

The  number  of  men  sick  and  unfit  for  duty  in  the  regiment  had 
become  so  large,  and  the  facilities  for  caring  for  them  had 
become  so  inadequate,  that  on  the  15th  additional  hospital 
accommodations  were  secured  in  the  school  building  of  the  Sis 
ters  of  St.  Joseph,  in  Fernandina,  for  the  sick  of  the  regiment. 
This  hospital,  in  recognition  of  the  munificent  gift  of  Hon.  Eos- 
well  P.  Flower,  of  New  York,  to  the  regiment,  which  had  made 
it  possible  to  equip  and  maintain  such  a  place,  was  called  the 
"  Flower  Hospital." 


70  ANNUAL  KEPORT  OP  THE 

On  the  15th  of  August,  Privates  LeRoy  E.  Walker  and 
George  F.  Collette  were  transferred  from  E  Company  to  the 
Hospital  Corps  of  the  United  States  Army. 

On  August  16th  Private  Elmer  J.  Jordan,  of  L  Company,  died 
at  the  Fort  McPherson  Hospital,  Atlanta,  Ga. 

On  the  17th  day  of  August,  1898,  Private  Clarence  W.  Betts, 
of  A  Company,  was  appointed  regimental  sergeant-major,  and 
on  the  same  day  Musician  Henry  R.  Leffingwell,  of  the  same 
company,  was  transferred  to  the  regimental  non-commissioned 
staff  as  a  principal  musician. 

On  August  18th  Private  William  H.  McArthur,  of  A  Com 
pany,  died  at*  the  Third  Division  Hospital  at  Fernandina,  Fla. 

The  same  day  William  A.  Sheffold,  of  F  Company,  deserted. 
He  subsequently,  and  on  September  14th,  surrendered  himself 
to  a  justice  of  the  peace,  and  was  mustered  out  November  2,  1898. 

On  the  18th  day  of  August  Adjutant  Phelan  was  mustered  in 
as  captain  and  adjutant,  and  on  the  19th  Quartermaster  Alden 
was  mustered  in  as  captain  and  quartermaster,  in  both  instances 
to  date  from  May  llth,  1898. 

On  the  19th  two  other  members  of  the  regiment  died  at  the 
Third  Division  Hospital  at  Fernandina,  Private  Michael  J. 
O'Brien,  of  C  Company,  and  Private  William  J.  Searing,  of 
L  Company,  both  of  typhoid  fever. 

On  the  19th  news  was  received  that  the  regiment  would  not 
be  sent  to  Huntsville,  but  instead  would  go  to  Sand  Lake,  a 
beautiful  spot  about  ten  miles  from  Troy,  N.  Y. 

On  the  21st  of  August,  pursuant  to  telegraphic  orders  from 
the  Secretary  of  War,  Private  Worden  A.  Watson,  of  G  Com 
pany,  was  discharged. 


Colonel  JAMES  H.  LLOYD, 
Second  Regiment,  N.  Y.  Vol.  Infantry. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  71 

On  the  21st  day  of  August,  Private  Aner  E.  Powers,  of  M 
Company,  died  at  the  Fort  McPherson  Hospital,  Atlanta,  of 
typhoid  fever,  his  being  the  twelfth  death  in  the  regiment. 

On  the  21st  day  of  August  the  regiment  received  orders  dated 
the  19th,  relieving  it  from  duty  with  the  Third  Division  of  the 
Fourth  Army  Corps,  transferring  it  to  the  Department  of  the 
East  and  directing  it  to  proceed  to  Troy,  N.  Y.  This  order  for 
the  regiment  to  go  into  camp  near  its  own  home  was  the  result 
of  efforts  made  by  the  friends  of  the  regiment  who  secured, 
through  the  War  Department,  an  order  to  have  the  camp  sites 
in  the  vicinity  of  Troy  inspected.  Major  J.  P.  Story,  acting 
inspector  on  the  staff  of  General  Gillespie,  commanding  the 
Department  of  the  East,  was  detailed  for  that  duty,  and  on 
August  20th  he  inspected  and  located  a  camp  at  Averill  Park, 
about  nine  miles  southeast  of  Troy,  which  was  subsequently 
accepted  by  General  Gillespie. 

The  feeling  of  friendship  which  had  always  existed  between 
the  Sixty-ninth  New  York  and  the  Second  New  York  increased 
very  greatly  about  this  time. 

One  day,  as  the  Sixty-ninth  New  York,  returning  from  a  prac 
tice  march,  were  passing  along  the  road  between  the  camps  of  the 
Second  New  York  and  Third  Pennsylvania,  they  w^ere  made  the 
objects  of  a  volley  of  jibes,  jeers  and  insulting  remarks  by  a  large 
number  of  the  men  of  the  Pennsylvania  regiment.  To  offset  these 
remarks,  and  to  show  the  Pennsylvanians  the  kindly  feeling  which 
they  had  for  the  Sixty-ninth,  the  men  of  the  Second  New  York, 
who  had  gathered  in  numbers  along  the  opposite  side  of  the  road 
from  the  Pennsylvanians,  cheered  and  applauded  their  friends 
from  New  York.  This  act,  so  quickly  and  gracefully  performed 
by  the  men  of  the  Second  New  York,  strengthened  the  feelings 


72  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

of  comradeship  and  good  will  between  these  two  New  York 
regiments. 

On  the  24th  of  August  the  Quartermaster's  Department  having 
arranged  for  the  necessary  transportation  of  the  regiment,  the 
tents  were  taken  down  and  the  cainp  equipage  was  loaded  onto 
the  cars.  The  wagon  train  belonging  to  the  regiment  was 
divided  among  the  regiments  left  at  Fernandina.  The  Sixty- 
ninth  New  York,  with  their  military  band,  escorted  the  regiment 
from  their  camp  to  the  cars  and  gave  them  a  rousing  send  off. 

The  first  section,  carrying  the  First  Battalion,  with  Colonel 
Hardin  and  the  staff  officers,  under  command  of  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  Lloyd,  left  at  4.20  p.  m.,  the  second  section,  with  the 
Second  Battalion  aboard,  commanded  by  Major  Yates,  following 
about  5.30,  and  the  third  section,  in  charge  of  Major  Collin,  leav 
ing  about  6.45.  The  regiment  had  supper  at  Everett  City,  Ga., 
and  the  first  section  reached  Columbia,  S.  C.,  at  7  a.  m.  the  next 
day  for  breakfast,  reaching  Charlotte,  S.  C.,  at  noon,  and  Dan 
ville,  Ya.,  at  8  p.  m.,  where  the  train  remained  for  several  hours 
and  until  about  1  a.  m.  The  second  section  arrived  about  four 
hours  later  at  Columbia,  S.  C.  The  third  section  arrived  at 
Denmark,  S.  C.,  about  9.30  a.  m.,  where  a  stop  for  breakfast 
was  made,  and  Columbia  about  3  p.  m.,  with  supper  at  Char 
lotte,  N.  C. 

The  first  section,  which  left  Danville  about  1  a.  m.  on  Friday, 
the  27th,  was  sidetracked  at  Franklin  Junction  during  the  night, 
and  until  the  second  section  overtook  the  first,  when  both  pro 
ceeded  to  Lynchburgh,  Ya.  Breakfast  was  issued  to  the  men 
after  the  train  had  left  Lynchburgh,  and  the  officers  secured 
breakfast  at  Charlottesville,  Va.,  where  the  train  arrived  about 
1  o'clock.  The  three  sections  of  the  train  arrived  at  Washington 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  73 

Friday  afternoon  and  evening,  and  were  entertained  by  the  New 
York  ladies  of  the  Pension  Bureau,  who  had  provided  a  delicious 
supper  for  the  returning  soldiers. 

The  first  section  arrived  in  Albany  Saturday,  the  27th,  at  10.47 
a.  m.  Owing  to  the  desire  of  the  citizens  of  Troy  to  have  the 
three  sections  of  the  train  enter  the  city  as  nearly  together  as 
possible,  this  section  was  sidetracked  about  midway  between 
Albany  and  Troy,  where  it  was  joined  about  2  o'clock  by  the 
second  section.  The  third  section  arrived  at  Albany  about  3 
o'clock.  The  three  sections  were  then  started  for  Troy  where 
they  arrived  about  ten  or  fifteen  minutes  apart,  the  last  section 
getting  in  soon  after  4  o'clock. 

At  Troy  the  regiment  was  accorded  a  welcome  that  will  always 
remain  a  bright  spot  in  the  memory  of  those  who  were  fortunate 
enough  to  participate  in  it.  The  cordiality  and  unbounded 
enthusiasm  of  the  immense  crowds  which  lined  the  streets  showed 
in  what  high  esteem  the  members  of  the  regiment  wTere  held  by 
their  fellow-townspeople.  The  crowds  from  Troy  were  augmented 
by  people  from  Cohoes,  Schenectady,  Saratoga,  Hoosick  Falls, 
Glens  Falls  and  the  other  home  stations  of  these  volunteer 
troops.  The  regiment  was  formed  as  rapidly  as  the  dense  crowds 
would  permit,  and,  escorted  by  the  local  militia  companies,  the 
G.  A.  R.  veterans  and  the  police  and  fire  departments  of  the  city, 
made  a  short  parade  through  the  streets.  Every  step  of  the  way 
the  regiment  was  received  with  rousing  cheers  and  tumultuous 
applause.  At  the  State  Armory  in  Troy  long  tables  were  loaded 
with  delicious  refreshments  for  the  returning  soldiers,  and  no 
trouble  or  expense  was  spared  to  make  the  members  of  the  regi 
ment  comfortable. 


74  ANNUAL  KEPORT  OF  THE 

Owing  to  the  late  hour  the  regiment  had  arrived  it  was  decided 
to  have  the  men  remain  in  the  city  that  night.  The  First  Bat 
talion  was  quartered  in  Germania  Hall  and  the  Second  and 
Third  Battalions  in  the  Armory.  Early  Sunday  morning,  the 
28th,  a  start  was  made  for  the  camp  ground  at  Averill  Park, 
whither  the  members  of  the  regiment  were  conveyed  by  the  elec 
tric  roads. 

The  camp  was  located  on  a  high  hill  overlooking  Sand  Lake. 
Here  the  men  found  that,  through  the  munificence  of  the  people 
of  Troy,  a  complete  system  of  water-works,  with  pumping  station 
and  tank,  had  been  put  in  for  their  use,  and  each  tent  had  been 
provided  with  a  board  floor.  The  tents  were  rapidly  put  up  and 
by  nightfall  the  camp  was  well  established.  Fresh  meats  and 
vegetables  had  been  provided  for  the  men  by  the  Trojans,  and  a 
hot  dinner  was  enjoyed  by  all  the  men  that  night. 

The  baggage  and  camp  equipage  of  the  regiment  had  been 
brought  out  in  wagons  from  Troy  Saturday  afternoon,  but  owing 
to  the  lack  of  organization  on  the  part  of  the  persons  engaged 
in  the  work  it  was  all  dumped  by  the  road  side  some  distance 
from  the  camp  in  almost  inextricable  confusion.  To  add  to  this 
unfortunate  condition  one  of  the  freight  cars  of  the  first  section, 
which  had  been  left  at  Franklin  Junction  because  of  a  broken 
bumper,  did  not  arrive  with  the  last  section,  to  which  the  rail 
road  authorities  had  promised  to  attach  it.  This  car  contained 
the  regimental  books  and  papers  and  the  officers'  baggage  and 
bedding,  and  did  not  reach  Troy  for  several  days. 

The  naming  of  this  camp  was  intrusted  by  General  Gillespie  to 
the  Adjutant-General  of  the  State  of  New  York,  who  called  it 
Camp  Hardin,  thus  paying  a  well-deserved  compliment  to  the 
colonel  of  the  regiment,  who  had  from  the  first  been  untiring  in 
his  efforts  to  add  to  the  comfort  and  welfare  of  his  men. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  75 

On  August  25th  John  L.  Wylie,  a  sergeant  of  D  Company, 
died  at  the  hospital  at  Fernandina,  Fla.,  of  typhoid  fever. 

On  Sunday,  August  28th,  Private  William  S.  Kennedy,  of 
A  Company,  died  at  his  home  in  Troy  of  typhoid  fever,  and  on 
Tuesday,  August  30th  Private  Warren  A.  Wilson,  of  K  Company, 
died  at  Fort  McPherson  Hospital,  Atlanta,  Ga.,  thus  bringing 
the  death  roll  of  the  regiment  up  to  fifteen. 

Camp  Hardin  was  the  apparent  Mecca  of  all  the  inhabitants 
for  a  hundred  miles  around.  The  camp  was  crowded  from  early 
morning  until  late  at  night  by  people  who  wanted  to  see  "  how 
the  soldiers  lived,"  and  it  is  not  the  province  of  this  historian  to 
narrate  the  many  ludicrous  encounters  between  the  soldiers  and 
the  civilians.  Suffice  it  to  say  that  a  lunch  box  was  considered 
by  the  owner  as  a  sort  of  carte  blanche  to  inspect  every  nook  and 
cranny  in  the  camp.  This  continuous  inspection  proved  so 
annoying  to  the  men  who  were  sick  that  a  guard  had  finally 
to  be  put  over  the  hospital  tents  to  keep  out  the  erowd  of  inquisi 
tive  sightseers. 

The  change  from  the  heat  of  Florida  to  the  cool  air  of  Averill 
Park  was  so  great  that  the  men  suffered  at  first  during  the  cold 
nights  from  insufficient  clothing  and  covering.  This  was,  how 
ever,  speedily  remedied,  most  of  the  men  receiving  from  their 
homes  warmer  clothes  and  additional  blankets.  The  overcoats 
which  had  been  an  encumbrance  in  Tampa  and  Fernandina 
proved  a  blessing  to  all  who  had  them,  and  the  Sibley  stoves, 
which  had  not  been  in  use  since  the  regiment  was  at  Camp 
Black,  were  a  positive  luxury. 

On  August  30th  occurred  the  first  evening  parade  which  the 
regiment  had  held  since  leaving  the  burning  sands  of  Tampa. 

When  the  regiment  reached  Troy  they  found  that  Captain  E. 
R.  Hills,  of  the  Fifth  Artillery,  and  Lieutenants  George  W. 


76  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

Gatchell  and  Philip  R.  Ward,  of  the  same  regiment,  who  had  been 
detailed  to  muster  out  the  regiment,  had  preceded  them  and  work 
was  immediately  begun  on  the  books  and  papers  of  the  regiment. 

On  August  31st  Private  Frank  A.  Putnam,  of  M  Company,  died 
at  the  Third  Division  Hospital,  Fernandina,  Fla.,  of  typhoid 
fever,  making  a  total  of  sixteen  deaths  in  the  regiment  at  this  time. 

On  August  31st  Private  William  J.  Lockhart,  of  G  Company, 
was  transferred  to  the  IT.  S.  Volunteer  Signal  Corps  by 
Special  Orders  No.  200,  A.  G.  O.,  August  29th,  to  date  from  July 
5th,  1898,  and  on  September  1st  Private  John  Killian,  of  E  Com 
pany,  was  discharged  from  the  regiment,  as  of  August  19th, 
the  day  on  which  he  had  been  discharged  from  the  General  Hos 
pital  for  the  Insane  at  Washington,  D.  C. 

On  August  31st  occurred  the  bi-monthly  inspection  and  muster 
of  the  regiment  by  Colonel  Hardin. 

On  September  1st  Private  Felix  Bah  me,  of  D  Company,  died 
of  typhoid  fever  at  the  Third  Division  Hospital  at  Fernandina, 
Fla.,  and  on  September  4th  the  number  of  deaths  was  increased 
to  eighteen  by  the  death  of  Private  Edgar  J.  Olena,  of  D  Com 
pany,  who  died  at  his  home  in  the  city  of  Troy. 

On  September  3d  Private  Hugh  P.  Blackington,  of  M  Com 
pany,  formerly  regimental  sergeant-major,  received  his  discharge 
from  the  United  States  service  for  physical  disability. 

On  September  6th  Private  Robertson  Parker,  of  L  Company, 
died  at  the  Third  Division  Hospital  at  Fernandina,  Fla,,  of 
typhoid  fever,  and  on  the  same  day  Private  Thomas  W. 
McNamara,  of  the  same  company,  died  at  the  Troy  City  Hospital, 
bringing  up  the  number  on  the  death  roll  to  twenty. 

On  the  7th  of  September  the  twenty-first  death  was  recorded; 
it  was  that  of  Private  Frank  Dewey,  of  D  Company,  who  died  at 
the  Third  Division  Hospital  at  Fernandina,  Fla. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  77 

During  the  stay  of  the  regiment  at  Camp  Hardin  short  drills 
were  prescribed  for  the  purpose  of  maintaining  the  discipline  of 
the  regiment,  but  so  many  men  were  absent  and  so  few  of  the 
men  present  were  physically  able  to  do  any  such  duty  that  the 
battalions  could  scarcely  turn  out  enough  men  to  make  one  full 
company. 

On  September  9th  Private  Herbert  Chapel,  of  M  Company, 
died  at  the  Flower  Hospital,  Fernandina,  Fla.,  of  typhoid  fever, 
and  on  September  13th  Private  James  A.  Holden,  of  L  Company, 
died  at  the  Troy  City  Hospital,  making  a  total  loss  by  death  to 
the  regiment  of  twenty-three. 

On  September  13th  was  witnessed  the  last  evening  parade  of 
the  Second  Regiment,  New  York  Volunteers.  It  was  generally 
known  before  the  parade  that  it  would  be  the  last  time  this 
beautiful  ceremony  would  be  gone  through  with  by  the  regiment, 
and  the  men,  although  happy  at  the  thought  of  going  home,  felt 
a  sadness  at  the  thought  of  parting  from  the  companions  with 
whom  they  had  been  so  intimately  associated  for  so  long.  At  the 
close  of  the  ceremony  and  before  the  companies  marched  past  in 
review,  Colonel  Hardin  said  a  few  words  to  the  men  of  the  regi 
ment  and  bade  them  good-bye  and  God-speed.  The  affectionate 
regard  in  which  the  colonel  was  held  by  all  the  officers  and  men 
was  apparent  in  the  hearty  and  ringing  cheers  which  greeted  his 
remarks,  and  in  the  way  in  which  they  subsequently  gathered 
around  to  cheer  and  applaud  him. 

It  is  doubtful  if  the  scene  witnessed  at  Camp  Hardin  on  the 
morning  of  September  14th  ever  has  been  duplicated.  That  day 
the  guard  was  mounted  without  rifles,  belts  or  other  equipment. 
The  men  felt  silly  and  foolish  and  they  looked  it.  All  the  rifles, 
belts  and  ordnance  (except  mess  kits  and  cutlery)  had  been 


78  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

turned  in  to  the  ordnance  officer.    The  sentinels  that  day  and  the 
next  carried  sticks  and  stones  as  their  insignia  of  office. 

On  the  same  day  Major  J.  J.  Edson,  Jr.,  United  States  Volun 
teers,  paid  the  men  to  September  1st,  and  on  the  next  day  Camp 
Hardin  passed  into  history. 

On  the  evening  of  September  14th  the  officers  messed  for  the 
last  time  together.  At  the  close  of  the  dinner  Colonel  Hardin 
made  a  short  address  to  the  other  officers,  wishing  them  all  good 
things  in  the  future,  and  closed  by  presenting  to  Lieutenant  Wil 
bur  Eddy,  of  G  Company,  who  had  been  the  caterer  for  the  offi 
cers'  mess  during  all  the  time  it  had  been  in  existence,  a  very 
handsome  set  of  table  silver  and  cutlery,  to  the  purchase  of  which 
nearly  all  of  the  officers  of  the  regiment  had  contributed. 

Private  James  S.  Magill,  of  A  Company,  was,  on  the  14th  day 
of  September,  1898,  discharged  for  disability. 

On  September  15th  the  men  entered  on  their  thirty  day  fur 
loughs  granted  by  the  War  Department.  Tents  were  taken  down 
and  all  government  property  turned  in,  and  the  First  Battalion 
was  the  first  to  leave  the  camp  under  command  of  Major  Lester, 
Major  Yates  followed  with  the  Second  Battalion,  and  the  Third 
Battalion  left  soon  afterwards.  The  companies  proceeded  to 
their  home  station  and  were  dismissed,  with  orders  to  report  on 
the  14th  of  October. 

The  ovations  received  by  the  various  companies  at  their  home 
stations  testified  to  the  keen  interest  which  had  followed  the  men 
during  their  absence  and  the  high  regard  which  was  entertained 
by  those  at  home  for  the  men  who  had  "  volunteered  to  go  to  the 
front.'7 

On  the  20th  day  of  September,  1898,  Corporal  Horatio  H. 
Hayner,  of  A  Company,  died  at  his  home  in  Troy,  N.  Y.,  of 
tvphoid  fever. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  79 

On  the  21st  day  of  September  Private  Webster  W.  Nellis,  of 
H  Company,  died  at  his  home  in  Amsterdam,  N.  Y.,  of  typhoid 
pneumonia,  and  on  the  27th  day  of  September  Private  Frederick 
W.  Jessup,  of  D  Company,  died  of  typhoid  fever  at  his  home  in 
Troy,  N.  Y.,  and  on  the  1st  day  of  October  Private  Frank  H. 
Daniels,  of  E  Company,  died  of  pneumonia  at  Mount  Pleasant, 
near  Schenectady,  and  on  the  4th  day  of  October  the  regiment 
lost  by  typhoid  fever  its  twenty- eighth  member  by  the  death  of 
Corporal  Samuel  C.  Woodcock,  of  A  Company,  which  occurred 
at  his  home  in  Troy,  N.  Y. 

On  the  6th  day  of  October,  1898,  pursuant  to  orders  from  the 
War  Department,  Lieutenant  Rufus  M.  Townsend,  of  C  Com 
pany,  was  honorably  discharged  from  the  service  of  the  United 
States  as  first  lieutenant  by  reason  of  his  appointment  as  com 
missary  of  subsistence,  with  the  rank  of  major,  in  the  United 
States  Volunteer  service. 

On  the  13th  day  of  October  Corporal  Frank  L.  Parks,  Jr.,  of 
K  Company,  died  at  his  home  in  the  village  of  South  Glens  Falls. 

During  the  period  of  furlough  Colonel  E.  E.  Hardin  was 
detailed  by  the  War  Department  to  muster  out  the  regiment, 
taking  the  place  of  Captain  Elbridge  E.  Hills,  who  was  sent 
elsewhere. 

On  the  14th  of  October  the  several  companies  of  the  regiment 
assembled  at  their  respective  armories  and  awaited  the  pleasure 
of  the  officers  detailed  to  muster  them  out. 

The  company  commanders,  in  most  instances,  had  one  roll  call 
each  day,  holding  the  men  so  that  they  could  be  had  on  short 
notice  for  the  physical  examination  to  which  each  man  was 
required  to  submit. 

To  conduct  these  examinations  the  War  Department  detailed 
Captain  James  Stafford,  assistant  surgeon,  Seventy-first  Regi- 


80  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

merit,  New  York  Volunteers;  Captain  Ernest  L.  Ruffner,  assist 
ant  surgeon,  Sixty-fifth  Regiment,  New  York  Volunteers,  and 
Captain  Harry  Mead,  assistant  surgeon,  Sixty-fifth  Regiment, 
New  York  Volunteers. 

In  the  meantime  the  officers  were  busily  engaged  in  preparing 
their  muster-out  rolls,  which  proved  a  tedious,  as  well  as  a  diffi 
cult,  task. 

On  the  18th  of  October  Corporal  Frederick  P.  McNair,  of 
L  Company,  died  at  his  residence  in  Saratoga  Springs,  N.  Y. 
Prior  to  his  death,  but  after  he  was  too  ill  to  know  of  it,  Corporal 
McNair  received  a  commission  as  second  lieutenant  in  the  Two 
Hundred  and  Second  Regiment,  New  York  Volunteers. 

On  the  22d  of  October  Private  Andrew  W.  Bleakley,  of  1) 
Company,  died  of  typhoid  fever  at  the  Fort  McPherson  Hospital, 
Atlanta,  Ga,,  and  on  the  23d  day  of  October  Private  Royal  T. 
Roach,  of  K  Company,  died  at  his  residence  in  Saratoga  Springs, 
bringing  up  the  number  on  the  death  roll  to  thirty-two. 

The  surgeons  began  the  physical  examinations  of  the  men  in 
Troy,  examining  the  members  of  the  Third  Battalion  in  Troy 
and  Cohoes. 

On  the  25th  of  October  Major  Lester,  Chaplain  Esterbrook, 
the  non-commissioned  staff,  and  A,  C  and  D  Companies,  were  paid 
by  Major  E.  S.  Fowler  and  mustered  out  of  the  United  States 
service  by  Colonel  Hardin  in  the  State  Armory  in  Troy,  and  on 
the  same  day  B  Company  was  paid  and  mustered  out  by  the  same 
officers  in  Cohoes. 

On  the  26th  of  October  M  Company  was  paid  and  mustered 
out  in  the  armory  in  Hoosick  Falls. 

On  the  27th  day  of  October  L  Company  was  paid  and  mustered 
out  in  their  armory  at  Saratoga  Springs,  and  on  the  next  day 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  81 

I    Company    was    paid   and    mustered    out   in    their   armory    at 
Whitehall. 

On  Saturday,  the  29th  of  October,  K  Company  was  visited  by 
the  mustering  officer  and  paymaster  and  mustered  out  of  the 
United  States  service  in  their  armory  at  Glens  Falls. 

On  Monday,  the  31st,  the  mustering  officer  proceeded  to  muster 
out  the  Third  Battalion,  on  which  day  Major  A.  A.  Yates  and 
Lieutenant  G.  de  B.  Green  were  mustered  out.  E  and  F  Com 
panies  were  mustered  out  on  the  3 1st  day  of  October,  1898,  by 
the  mustering  officer  and  paid  by  the  paymaster  at  the  State 
Armory  in  Schenectady,  and  on  the  1st  day  of  November  H  Com 
pany  was  paid  and  mustered  out  in  the  State  Armory  in  Amster 
dam,  and  G  Company  was,  on  the  same  day,  paid  and  mustered 
out  in  the  State  Armory  in  Mohawk. 

The  thirty-two  deaths  in  the  regiment,  heretofore  chronicled, 
were  divided  among  the  companies  as  follows: 

A  Company,  four;  B,  none;  C,  three;  I),  eight;  E,  one; 
F,  none;  G,  none;  H,  one;  I,  none;  K,  three;  L,  eight,  and 
M,  four. 

The  First  Battalion  lost  fifteen;  the  Second  Battalion  two, 
and  the  Third  Battalion  fifteen. 

Nineteen  of  the  deaths  in  the  regiment  were  of  men  who  left 
their  home  stations  with  their  respective  companies  on  May  2d, 
1898,  three  of  the  deaths  were  of  men  who  joined  the  regiment  at 
Camp  Black  before  it  was  mustered  into  the  United  States  service, 
and  only  ten  of  the  deaths  were  among  the  recruits  \vho  joined 
the  regiment  in  Tampa  during  the  latter  part  of  June. 

Reports  of  the  various  commanding  officers  show  that  5  officers 
and  373  men  of  the  regiment  were  seriously  sick  during  their 
service,  173  of  whom,  including  officers,  were  guardsmen  April 


82  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

1st,  1898;  100  of  whom,  including  officers,  joined  the  guard 
between  April  1st,  1898,  and  May  19th,  1898,  and  the  rest,  105, 
were  recruits  who  joined  about  the  1st  of  July. 

On  the  2d  day  of  November  Lieutenant-Colonel  J.  H.  Lloyd, 
Major  T.  C.  Collin,  Captain  G.  M.  Alden,  Lieutenant  T.  W. 
Hislop  and  Lieutenant  W.  S.  Martin  were  mustered  out. 

Four  of  the  officers  of  the  regiment  continued  in  the  military 
service  of  the  United  States.  Chaplain  Esterbrook  was  com 
missioned  chaplain  in  the  Two  Hundred  and  Second  Regiment, 
New  York  Volunteers;  Captain  Greenough,  of  I  Company, 
accepted  a  commission  as  first  lieutenant  of  I  Company  in  the 
Twelfth  New  York  Volunteers,  and  Lieutenant  Wilbur  Eddy,  of 
G  Company,  accepted  a  commission  as  lieutenant  in  the  Twelfth 
Regiment,  New  York  Volunteers. 

Major  Balch  resigned  his  commission  as  major  and  surgeon  of 
the  Second  Regiment  on  the  10th  day  of  October,  1898.  His 
resignation  was  accepted  November  2d,  1898,  and  he  was  com 
mission  by  the  President  brigade  surgeon,  with  rank  of  major 
in  the  volunteer  army  of  the  United  States,  as  of  November  3d, 
1898. 

Captain  Henry  C.  Baum  was  commissioned  as  major  and 
surgeon  of  the  Second  Regiment,  New  York  Volunteers,  on  the 
10th  day  of  October,  1898,  but  was  never  mustered  as  such. 

Captain  Albert  F.  Brugman  was  mustered  out  of  the  service 
on  the  10th  day  of  December,  1898,  and  Captain  Henry  C.  Baum 
was  mustered  out  on  the  13th  day  of  December,  1898. 

On  the  27th  day  of  December  Captain  James  J.  Phelan  was 
mustered  out  by  Colonel  Hardin,  and  on  the  same  day  Colonel 
Hardin  relinquished  his  commission  and  became  again  a  captain 
of  the  Seventh  Infantry. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  83 

THE  THIRD  REGIMENT  INFANTRY,  NEW  YORK 
VOLUNTEERS. 

War  between  the  United  States  and  Spain  being  declared, 
Congress  passed  an  act  to  increase  the  army  by  volunteers  and 
authorizing  the  President  to  call  for  one  hundred  and  twenty-five 
thousand  men.  The  President  made  his  requisition  upon  the 
Governor  of  the  State  of  New  York  for  twelve  regiments  of  in 
fantry  and  two  troops  of  cavalry,  that  being  its  quota,  and 
expressed  a  desire  that  the  regiments  of  the  National  Guard  be 
used  as  far  as  possible  and  to  be  fully  armed  and  equipped  ready 
to  take  the  field. 

General  Orders  No."  8,  Headquarters  State  of  New  York,  dated 
Adjutant-General's  Office,  Albany,  April  27th,  1898;  Brigadier- 
General  Peter  C.  Doyle,  commanding  the  4th  Brigade,  National 
Guard,  New  York,  was  directed  to  organize  one  regiment  from 
the  separate  companies  of  his  Brigade  to  be  designated  The  Third 
Regiment  Infantry,  National  Guard,  New  York. 

The  regiment  was  organized  pursuant  to  the  above  order,  and 
upon  the  suggestion  of  the  brigade  commander,  Brigadier-General 
Edward  M.  Hoffman,  Inspector-General,  S.  N.  Y.,  and  Brigadier- 
General  William  M.  Kirby,  General  Inspector  of  Rifle  Practice, 
S.  N.  Y.,  were  detailed  by  the  Governor  to  act  as  Colonel  and 
Lieutenant-Colonel  respectively;  twelve  separate  companies  of 
the  brigade  constituted  the  regiment  formed  into  three  bat 
talions,  and  Captain  William  Wilson,  34th  Separate  Company, 
and  M.  B.  Butler  of  the  42nd  Separate  Company,  were  nomi 
nated  as  Majors. 

Special  Orders  Nos.  TO  and  72,  Adjutant-General's  Office, 
Albany,  April  30th,  1898,  directed  the  moving  of  the  several  com- 


84  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

panics  of  the  regiment  from  their  home  stations  to  Oamp  Black, 
Hempstead  Plains,  Long  Island,  N.  Y.,  companies  to  consist  of 
one  captain,  one  first  lieutenant,  one  second  lieutenant,  and 
eighty-one  enlisted  men,  to  be  fully  uniformed,  armed  and 
equipped,  tents,  cooking  outfit,  medicine  chests  and  ammunition. 

The  companies  embarked  on  May  1st,  1898,  from  their  home 
stations  as  follows,  via  the  Erie  Railway,  under  charge  of  Brig.- 
Gen'l  E.  M.  Hoffman : 

42nd  Separate  Company,  of  Niagara  Falls,  Captain  M.  B.  But 
ler,  4  p.  m. 

25th  Separate  Company,  of  Tonawanda,  Captain  H.  M.  Fales, 
4.20  p.  m. 

43rd  Separate  Company,  of  Glean,  Captain  Richard  H.  Fran- 
chot,  5.20  p.  m. 

47th  Separate  Company,  of  Hornellsville,  Captain  Frank  G. 
Babcock,  7.10  p.  m. 

30th  Separate  Company,  of  Elmira,  Captain  John  T.  Sadler, 
9.30  p.  m. 

Via  th.e  New  York  Central  Railway  under  charge  of  Brig.- 
Gen'l  W.  M.  Kirby. 

20th  Separate  Company,  of  Medina,  Captain  S.  A.  Ross, 
5.30  p.  m. 

1st  Separate  Company,  of  Rochester,  Captain  B.  L.  Smith, 
7.00  p.  m. 

8th  Separate  Company,  of  Rochester,  Captain  Henry  B.  Hen 
derson,  7.00  p.  in. 

34th  Separate  Company,  of  Geneva,  Captain  William  Wilson, 
8.00  p.  m. 

2nd  Separate  Company,  of  Auburn,  Captain  C.  James  Barber, 
9.20  p.  in. 


General  EDWARD  MORRIS  HOFFMAN, 
Colonel,  Third   New  York  Volunteer  Infantry. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  85 

48th  Separate  Company,  of  Oswego,  Captain  A.  M.  Hull,  9.20 
p.  m. 

41st  Separate  Company,  of  Syracuse,  Captain  John  G.  Butler, 
9.20  p.  m. 

The  detachment  that  went  over  the  X.  Y.  C.  R.  R.  was  the  first 
troops  to  march  into  Camp  Black,  arriving  at  about  9  o'clock 
a.  m.  on  May  2nd  and  occupied  the  second  camp  from  the  left  of 
the  line.  The  other  detachment  arrived  in  camp  at  3  o'clock  p.  in. 
of  the  same  day.  Battalions  were  organized  and  companies  were 
assigned  as  follows : 

FIRST    BATTALION 

Company  D,  48th  Separate  Company,  Oswego,  Captain  A.  M. 
Hall. 

Company  I,  43rd  Separate  Company,  Olean,  Captain  R.  H. 
Pranchot. 

Company  L,  30th  Separate  Company,  Elmira,  Captain  John 
T.  Sadler. 

Company  K,  47th  Separate  Company,  Hornellsville,  Captain 
Frank  G.  Babcock. 

SECOND    BATTALION. 

Company  A,  8th  Separate  Company,  Rochester,  Captain  H.  B. 
Henderson. 

Company  M,  2nd  Separate  Company,  Auburn,  Captain  C. 
James  Barber. 

Company  B,  34th  Separate  Company,  Geneva,  Captain  J.  G. 
Stacey. 

Company  C,  41st  Separate  Company,  Syracuse,  Captain  J.  G. 
Butler. 


86  ANNUAL  KEPORT  OF  THE 

THIRD  BATTALION. 

Company  F,  29th  Separate  Company,  Medina,  Captain  S.  A. 
Ross. 

Company  H,  1st  Separate  Company,  Rochester,  Captain  B.  L. 
Smith. 

Company  E,  42nd  Separate  Company,  Niagara  Falls,  Captain 
H.  W.  McBean. 

Company  G,  25th  Separate  Company,  Tonawanda,  Captain 
H.  M.  Fales. 

The  surgeons,  Major  W.  M.  Beiuis,  Lieutenants  R.  B.  Howland 
and  A.  F.  Hodgman,  were  mustered  into  the  United  States  ser 
vice  May  6th  and  commenced  the  physical  examination  of  the 
officers  and  men  on  the  10th.  About  5  per  cent  of  the  men  failed 
to  pass  the  examination  which  necessitated  filling  vacancies  thus 
caused  which  was  promptly  done;  about  85  per  cent  of  the 
members  of  the  regiment  as  mustered  into  the  United  Service 
were  members  of  the  National  Guard,  State  of  New  York,  before 
the  necessity  for  volunteers  was  apparent  and  were  made  up 
from  the  best  young  men  of  the  communities  from  which  they 
came. 

On  May  17th,  189S,  the  physical  examination  having  been  com 
pleted  and  muster  rolls  prepared,  the  regiment  was  paraded  in 
"  line  of  masses  "  for  muster  at  2  o'clock  p.  m.  when  Captain 
Walter  S.  Schuyler,  5th  U.  S.  Cavalry,  administered  the  oath. 

Company  D  of  Oswego  being  the  first  company  of  the  first 
battalion  was  mustered  first,  and  as  the  men  took  off  their  hats 
and  raised  the  right  hand,  the  oath  was  taken,  and  as  the  men 
answered  to  the  mustering  officer's  questions  "  We  will,"  they  were 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  87 

cheered  by  the  rest  of  the  regiment;  each  company  as  mustered 
received  the  same  approval  from  their  comrades.  After  the  four 
companies  of  the  first  battalion  were  mustered,  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  W.  M.  Kirby  was  mustered  with  John  A.  Quigley  as 
battalion  adjutant.  Captain  William  Wilson  was  mustered  as 
major  of  the  second  battalion,  and  Captain  M.  B.  Butler  was 
mustered  as  major  of  the  3rd  battalion,  and  1st  Lieutenant  James 
G.  Stacey,  34th  Separate  Company,  Company  B,  and  Hector  W. 
McBean,  42nd  Separate  Company,  Company  E,  were  mustered 
as  captains  of  their  companies  to  fill  the  vacancies  caused  by  pro 
motions  of  their  captains. 

Captain  and  Adjutant  Stephen  F.  Hart  of  the  22nd  Regiment, 
N.  G.,  N.  Y.,  was  detailed  by  the  Governor  for  duty  as  adjutant, 
but  his  regiment  being  ordered  to  Camp  Black,  he  was  relieved 
and  returned  to  his  regiment  for  duty. 

Colonel  Albert  J.  Myer,  A.  D.  C.  to  Governor  Black,  being 
nominated  was  mustered  as  adjutant  on  May  18th,  1898. 

Captain  A.  M.  Hall,  Company  D,  was  mustered  as  Major  May 
20th,  1898,  being\  the  third  major;  designations  of  battalions 
being  changed,  Major  WTilson  to  the  first,  Major  Butler  the  sec 
ond  and  Major  Hall  the  third,  retaining  these  designations  dur 
ing  the  service  of  the  regiment. 

On  the  24th  day  of  May  orders  were  received  from  the  War  De 
partment  for  the  regiment  to  move  at  once  to  Dunn  Loring,  Va., 
Camp  Russell  A.  Alger.  After  the  muster-in  of  the  regiment 
considerable  uncertainty  prevailed  among  members  as  to  what 
disposition  was  to  be  made  of  the  organization.  Upon  the  re 
ceipt  of  the  orders  to  move,  all  were  pleased  and  anxious  to  leave 
Camp  Black,  knowing  little  and  caring  less  of  the  situations  they 


88  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

were  to  meet.  Owing  to  severe  rain  storms  that  were  prevailing 
at  the  time,  it  was  impossible  to  break  camp  until  August  28th, 
at  10  a.  m.,  when  the  regiment  marched  to  the  railroad  station  on 
the  Long  Island  Railway  where  it  embarked  on  three  trains  for 
Long  Island  City,  when  it  was  loaded  on  a  ferryboat  to  be  trans 
ferred  to  Jersey  City.  The  regiment  was  received  with  enthu 
siastic  demonstrations  on  every  hand. 

At  Jersey  City  the  regiment  was  embarked  on  three 
trains  to  go  over  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railway.  The 
officers  were  entertained  at  luncheon  by  the  officials  of 
the  Railroad  and  at  7  o'clock  the  first  train  moved 
out  of  the  station  with  the  Field  and  Staff  of  the  regi 
ment  and  the  first  battalion,  followed  at  ten  minutes  apart 
by  the  other  two  battalions.  The  trains  arrived  in  Washington, 
D.  C.,  at  about  4  o'clock  a.  m.  of  the  29th,  leaving  the  latter  place 
passed  over  Long  Bridge  over  the  Southern  Railroad  to  Dunn 
Loririg,  Va.,  arriving  at  about  8  o'clock  a.  m.  same  day.  When 
the  regiment  disembarked  and  formed  "  line  of  masses  "  .stacked 
arms  and  details  loaded  baggage  and  camp  equipage  on  wagons 
after  which  the  march  for  Camp  Alger  was  taken  up,  a  distance 
of  about  three  miles,  located  on  the  farm  of  a  man  by  the  name 
of  Ca.mpbil,  and  about  three  miles  southwest  of  Falls  Church, 
Va.  The  roads  being  good,  a  light  rain  during  the  night  having 
settled  the  dust,  the  men  being  in  excellent  condition,  the  march 
was  made  with  but  one  halt.  The  troops  that  had  already  arrived 
at  the  camp  accorded  the  new-comers  a  hearty  welcome.  The 
camp  was  made  in  a  field  covered  with  underbrush  and  weeds, 
facing  south,  with  headquarters  on  rising  ground  in  the  edge  of 
the  woods.  The  country  near  the  camp  was  nearly  wild  land, 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  89 

very  little  under  cultivation ;  the  fences  were  so  covered  by  bushes 
and  young  trees  that  they  were  nearly  invisible;  the  woods  were 
impenetrable  from  vines,  undergrowth  and  swamps.  The  regi 
ment  was  assigned  to  the  first  brigade  (the  other  two  regiments 
being  the  22nd  Kansas  and  159th  Indiana)  second  division, 
second  army  corps.  The  corps  commander  was  Major-General 
William  M.  Graham,  Division  commander  Brig.-General  George 
W.  Davis,  Brigade  commander  Brig.-General  Mark  W.  Sheafe.  In 
a  very  short  time  the  grounds  throughout  the  camp  were  graded 
into  streets;  the  brush  was  cleared  away,  bridges  were  built 
across  the  stream  on  the  left  of  the  camp,  roads  constructed  in 
various  directions  from  the  camp.  When  the  camp  was  made 
there  was  only  one  way  to  leave  the  field  in  which  it  was,  and 
that  was  the  route  the  regiment  took  to  enter  it. 

The  3rd  Missouri  Infantry  Volunteers  came  into  Camp  in  the 
p.  m.  of  the  same  day  and  camped  in  the  same  field  which  was 
said  to  contain  sixteen  acres.  This  regiment  was  not  uniformed 
or  equipped.  The  colonel,  George  P.  Gross,  had  served  in  the 
Confederate  service  during  the  civil  war.  Both  regiments  were 
obliged  to  use  the  same  parade  ground;  the  warmest  friendship 
sprang  up  between  the  two  "  Third  Regiments  "  (Missouri  and 
New  York),  which  was  continued  until  the  regiments  were  mus 
tered  out  of  the  service.  Before  leaving  Camp  Black,  Colonel 
Hoffman  was  notified  that  the  society  of  the  Sons  of  the  Revolu 
tion  would  present  a  set  of  colors  (State  and  National)  to  the 
regiment.  Colors  were  not  issued  to  the  organizations  by  the 
State.  Owing  to  delay  in  the  manufacturing  the  colors  were  not 
received  until  after  the  arrival  of  the  regiment  at  Camp  Alger, 


90  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

to  which  place  they  were  forwarded,  accompanied  by  the  follow 
ing  letter: 

"  Office  of  the  Secretary,  Sons  of  the  Revolution, 
146  Broadway,  New  York,  June  6th,  1898. 

Col.  Edward  M.  Hoffman, 

3rd  Regt.  Infantry,  N.  Y.  Vols., 

Camp  Alger,  Falls  Church,  Va. : 

Sir. —  I  have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  receipt  of  your  favor  of 
the  2nd  instant.  My  letter  of  the  3rd  iden.  will  have  informed 
you  of  the  cause  of  delay  in  sending  you  the  set  of  colors  accepted 
by  you  on  the  14th  ultimo.  I  am  very  glad  to  advise  you  now 
that  the  colors  were  sent  to  you  by  Southern  Express  on  Saturday 
afternoon,  all  charges  paid,  and  I  trust  they  will  reach  you  in 
good  order.  On  behalf  of  the  Society  let  me  say  that  we  give 
these  flags  into  your  hands  as  an  evidence  of  our  admiration  and 
our  accord  for  and  with  men  who  go  forth  to  maintain  the  prin 
ciples  of  Truth,  Justice  and  Liberty,  of  which  our  flag  is  an  em 
blem.  We  know  that  though  trials  and  hardships  shall  come 
they  will  be  borne  as  only  brave  men  do  meet  and  endure  them 
and  if  need  be  die  for  their  Country. 

We  wish  you  God  speed.     Respectfully, 

TALBOT  OLYPHANT, 

Chairman  Committee." 

Colonel  Hoffman  acknowledged  the  receipt  of  the  letter  and 
colors  on  June  8th  expressing  to  the  society  the  sincere  thanks 
of  the  regiment  for  their  most  beautiful  gift  and  trust.  The 
colors  were  officially  turned  over  to  the  regiment  at  the  regi 
mental  parade  on  the  evening  of  June  7th  by  the  ceremony  of 
"  Escort  to  the  Colors,"  Company  L  being  the  escort ;  Com 
pany  H  (1st  Separate  Company)  being  the  color  company. 

The  first  payment  made  to  the  regiment  for  service  in  the  U.  S. 
Army  was  received  on  the  8th  day  of  June ;  it  was  a  welcome  day 
and  paymaster. 

The  work  of  instructions  and  preparing  the  regiment  for  active 
service  was  continued  with  much  vigor.  The  camp  was  not 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  91 

favorably  located  and  the  small  drill  grounds  were  divided  with 
the  3rd  Missouri  Volunteers.  Not  more  than  one  battalion  of  each 
regiment  could  occupy  the  drill  grounds  at  a  time.  As  a  result  two 
battalions  of  the  regiment  went  out  on  short  marches  each  day 
and  were  instructed  in  extended  order,  drill  through  the  woods 
and  over  rough  ground,  by  which  much  valuable  experience  was 
gained.  Water  for  both  drinking  and  cooking  was  for  some 
time  carried  by  the  men  in  boilers,  kettles  and  canteens  nearly 
a  mile.  There  were  no  facilities  in  camp  for  bathing;  malaria 
was  more  or  less  prevalent;  the  water  for  drinking  purposes  was 
not  of  the  best  and  there  w^ere  other  unhealthy  conditions  which 
resulted  in  much  sickness  and  an  outbreak  of  typhoid  fever,  from 
which  cause  the  regiment  suffered  a  heavy  loss  of  its  officers  and 
enlisted  men. 

About  June  7th  orders  were  promulgated  by  the  War  Depart 
ment  that  the  volunteer  regiments  should  be  increased  to  the 
maximum  strength  of  106  men  to  the  company.  To  comply  with 
the  order  an  officer  and  four  non-commissioned  officers  (one  from 
each  company)  from  each  battalion,  were  directed  to  proceed  to 
their  home  stations  for  the  purpose  of  securing  the  required  num 
ber  of  recruits.  They  departed  on  June  9th;  Captain  John  G. 
Butler  from  the  1st  Battalion  with  headquarters  at  Syracuse; 
Captain  Hector  W.  McBean  of  the  2nd  Battalion  with  head 
quarters  at  Niagara  Falls,  and  Captain  John  T.  Sadler  of  the 
3rd  Kattalion  with  headquarters  at  Elmira.  The  details  found  no 
difficulty  in  obtaining  the  recruits,  ten  men  offering  their  services 
where  one  could  be  accepted.  Something  over  three  hundred 
men  were  added  to  the  strength  of  the  regiment  by  the  26th  of 
June  and  assigned  to  their  several  companies  and  in  a  very  short 
time  were  lost  sight  of  as  recruits. 


92  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

To  give  all  an  opportunity  to  bathe  and  to  change  the  monotony 
of  camp  life,  the  first  brigade  excepting  the  22nd  Kansas  regi 
ment  was  ordered  to  march  to  the  Allen  farm  on  Difficult  Run, 
distance  about  eleven  miles,  near  the  Potomac  River  where 
there  was  a  large  spring  and  to  remain  there  two  days. 

The  brigade  under  command  of  Colonel  Barnett  of  the  159th 
Indiana  moved  early  on  the  morning  of  June  22nd,  men  carrying 
knapsacks,  canteens,  blankets,  ponchos  and  shelter  tents.  The 
weather  was  extremely  warm;  about  four  hours  were  consumed 
in  the  march  out;  it  was  conducted  the  same  as  though  the  com 
mand  was  passing  through  an  enemy's  country,  one  battalion  as 
advance  guard,  one  for  rear  guard,  the  entire  column  being 
covered  by  flankers.  A  few  of  the  men  were  overcome  by  the  heat 
but  rejoined  their  companies  shortly  after  the  arrival. 

Much  unjust  criticism  was  afterwards  passed  on  the  "severity" 
of  this  march  by  newspapers  at  the  home  stations  of  the  com 
panies,  growing  out  of  the  ridiculously  false  stories  sent  home 
by  one  or  two  of  the  men  in  a  spirit  of  mischief,  and  which  were 
much  exaggerated  in  publication.  It  was  stated  among  other 
things  that  several  of  the  men  died  as  a  result  of  the  strain  to 
which  they  were  subjected  and  that  many  were  made  sick.  The 
facts  are  that  not  one  man  was  in  the  hospital  during  the  absence 
of  the  regiment,  and  only  one  who  did  not  make  the  return  march, 
he  being  disabled  by  cutting  his  foot  while  bathing.  At  the  Allen 
farm  out  post  duty  was  performed  by  each  battalion.  The  men 
were  camped  under  shelter  tents  for  the  first  time,  and  much 
practical  good  was  accomplished  for  the  men  and  organizations. 
The  return  inarch  was  made  in  about  five  hours  and  in  good  shape. 
There  was  not  a  breach  of  discipline  in  either  regiment  during 
the  tour. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  93 

About  June  28th  Company  C,  41st  Separate  Company,  and 
Company  F,  29th  Separate  Company,  under  command  of  Cap 
tain  John  G.  Butler,  the  senior  officer,  were  detailed  for  guard 
duty  over  commissary  stores  at  Dunn  Loring,  taking  their  camp 
equipage  and  were  on  that  duty  until  July  19th  when  they  were 
relieved  and  joined  the  regiment. 

June  29th  Adjutant  Albert  J.  Myer  received  notice  of  promotion 
to  major  of  the  202nd  Regiment  Infantry,  New  York  Volunteers, 
and  instructions  to  report  for  duty  as  such  and  took  his  leave 
of  the  3rd  Regiment  that  day,  much  to  the  regret  of  the  many 
friends  he  had  made  by  his  courteous  and  gentlemanly  conduct 
to  all. 

July  oth,  Lieutenant-Colonel  Kirby  was  detailed  as  Provost- 
Marshal  General  of  the  2nd  Army  Corps  with  station  at  Corps 
Headquarters. 

On  July  19th  the  brigade  was  reviewed  by  Brig.-Gen'l  Mark 
W.  Sheafe. 

July  2Gth  the  Third  Battalion,  Major  A.  M.  Hall  commanding, 
was  placed  on  detached  duty  as  a  portion  of  the  corps  provost 
guard.  Three  battalions  then  constituting  the  guard  (48th 
Separate  Company)  Company  D,  and  the  (47th  Separate  Com 
pany)  Company  K,  doing  duty  in  and  about  the  camp;  the  (43rd 
Separate  Company)  Company  I,  was  camped  at  Falls  Church; 
the  (30th  Separate  Company)  Company  L,  was  camped  at  the 
Aqueduct  Bridge,  with  a  detachment  at  the  Chain  Bridge  near 
Washington,  D.  C.  This  battalion  remained  on  this  duty  until 
August  12th  on  which  day  they  were  relieved  and  returned  to 
the  old  regimental  camp. 

The  Commanding  General,  W.  M.  Graham,  caused  the  following 
communication  to  be  addressed  to  Colonel  Hoffman : 


94  ANNUAL  REPORT  OP  THE 

"  To  the  Commanding  Officer,, 

3rd  K  Y.  Vols. 

Sir. —  The  commanding  General  desires  me  to  express  to  you 
his  satisfaction  at  the  conduct  of  the  Third  Battalion  of  your 
regiment  while  on  duty  as  provost  guard.  He  has  several  times 
personally  observed  the  bearing  and  manner  of  the  men  at  Falls 
Church  and  at  the  Aqueduct  Bridge  and  has  been  pleased  to 
notice  that  they  have  performed  their  onerous  and  often  disagree 
able  duties  with  tact  and  firmness  which  deserves  the  highest 
commendation.  He  wishes  these  remarks  to  be  published  to  your 
regiment  and  a  copy  of  this-  paper  furnished  Major  A.  M.  Hall, 
3rd  K.  Y.  Vols.,  Commanding  Third  Battalion. 

Very  respectfully, 

C.  S.  EGBERTS, 

Adjutant-General." 

The  above  letter  was  published  to  every  regiment  in  the  corps 
and  complimentary  communications  from  the  corps  commander 
being  the  exception,  it  was  especially  gratifying;  the  duty  was 
not  a  pleasant  one,  but  being  selected  for  such  work  was  an 
assurance  of  confidence  which  the  letter  justifies. 

During  the  last  days  of  July  sickness  in  all  organizations  con 
tinued  to  increase  to  such  an  extent  that  it  was  determined  to 
abandon  Camp  Alger.  The  first  Division  of  the  Corps  was  moved 
to  near  Dunn  Loring,  each  organization  was  given  sufficient 
ground  to  make  a  proper  and  healthful  camp,  which  was  the 
contrary  at  Camp  Alger. 

The  Second  Division  was  to  move  to  or  near  Manassas,  Va., 
with  the  view  of  "  shaking  off  the  fever  "  and  finding  a  suitable 
camping  round  for  the  corps. 

About  8  p.  m.  on  August  2nd,  under  S.  O.  70,  Headquarters, 
2nd  A.  C.,  the  regiment  was  directed  to  break  camp  on  the  morn 
ing  of  August  3rd  and  to  inarch  at  6  o'clock  in  the  direction  of 
Manassas  Junction,  taking  five  days'  rations  in  wagons.  (See 
G.  O.  No.  13,  Headquarters,  1st  Brigade,  2nd  Division,  2nd  A.  C., 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  95 

August  2nd,  and  S.  O.  70,  Headquarters  2nd  Army  Corps.) 
Instruction  was  given  that  the  men  march  as  light  as  possible. 
The  extra  baggage  of  the  regiment  to  be  sent  to  Dunn  Lor  ing  to 
be  shipped  by  rail  to  Manassas  Junction.  The  work  of  packing 
the  extra  baggage  proceeded  immediately,  though  the  heaviest 
thunder  storm  of  the  season  was  raging  at  the  time.  The  Quarter 
masters  Department  was  up  all  night  drawing  and  issuing  sup 
plies,  in  order  that  there  might  be  no  delay  when  the  order  for 
march  Avas  given  on  the  3rd  inst.  By  6  o'clock  on  August  3rd 
the  regiment,  with  the  exception  of  the  Third  Battalion,  con 
sisting  of  Companies  I,  K,  L  and  D,  who  were  detailed 
for  provost  duty  under  Major  Hall,  were  ready  to  march. 
Shortly  after  8  o'clock  word  was  received  from  Corps  Head 
quarters  that  something  was  wrong  with  the  wagon  trains,  and 
to  prepare  noon  mess  in  camp.  At  10  o'clock  this  order  was 
countermanded  and  assembly  sounded.  At  10.05  a.  m.  the  com 
mand  to  march  was  given,  and  the  regiment  as  part  of  the  First 
Brigade,  Second  Division,  marched  to  the  camp  of  the  159th 
Indiana,  and  took  position  as  rear  regiment  of  the  First  Brigade. 
The  heavy  rain  of  the  night  previous  had  settled  the  dust,  so  the 
main  cause  for  complaining  on  the  recent  march  to  Allen's  farm, 
or  Difficult  Run,  was  removed,  but  the  temperature  was  high,  in 
the  neighborhood  of  ninety,  and  the  humidity  near  the  point  of 
saturation.  Under  the  circumstances,  the  rests  were  frequent 
and  or  sufficient  duration  to  allow  for  recovery  from  the  heat 
and  fatigue. 

The  regiment  had  not  marched  more  than  two  miles  from  camp 
before  the  stragglers  from  the  preceding  commands  began  to  line 
both  sides  of  the  road,  due  to  temporary  exhaustion  and  lack  of 
discipline. 


96  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

At  12.25  a  halt  was  made  and  arms  were  stacked  in  an  open 
field  without  a  vestige  of  shelter  from  the  sun.  There  was  five  min 
utes  rest  at  10.35 ;  eleven  minutes  rest  at  10.55 ;  two  minutes  rest 
at  11.25 ;  five  minutes  rest  at  11.35 ;  twelve  minutes  rest  at  11.48 ; 
halted  for  dinner  at  12.25  and  the  march  resumed  at  1.45  p.  m. 

Up  to  this  time  very  few  men  from  this  regiment  left  the  ranks, 
but  as  the  afternoon  wore  on  and  the  heat  increased,  men  were 
dropping  every  few  moments,  though  in  a  great  many  instances, 
they  did  so  under  instructions  from  their  commanding  officers, 
in  order  to  look  after  men  who,  more  or  less,  were  in  need  of  as 
sistance.  The  record  of  the  rests  in  the  afternoon  shows,  con 
clusively,  that  the  greatest  care  was  taken  to  save  the  men  as 
much  as  possible  under  the  circumstances.  Rests  were  as 
follows:  eighteen  minutes  rest  at  2.05;  sixteen  minutes  rest  at 
2.49;  twenty  minutes  rest  at  3.19;  ten  minutes  rest  at  3.52;  ten 
minutes  rest  at  4.32. 

The  regiment  arrived  at  Burkes  Station  at  5.25  p.  m.,  in  better 
condition  physically  and  numerically  than  any  other  regiment  of 
the  Second  Division.  The  Captains  of  the  eight  companies  re 
ported  a  total  of  only  thirty  five  men  missing  at  retreat  roll  call. 

Camp  was  pitched  in  an  open  field,  abutting  the  embankment  of 
the  main  line  of  the  Southern  Railroad,  at  the  bottom  of  a  slight 
slope,  adjoining  the  Marshall  estate  on  the  east.  Water  was 
scarce  and  of  questionable  purity.  The  main  source  of  supply 
was  from  the  tank  at  Burkes  Station,  ordinarily  used  to  supply 
the  locomotives.  This  was  soon  riled  by  men  indiscriminately 
dipping  their  canteens  into  it,  which  made  it  unfit  for  further 
use.  There  was  a  small  stream  about  one-eighth  of  a  mile  west 
of  the  camp  with  water  three  feet  deep,  in  which  the  men  bathed. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  97 

The  regiment  was  called  upon  for  a  large  ri umber  of  details 
for  outpost  duty,  fully  one  hundred  and  fifty  officers,  non-com 
missioned  officers  and  men,  being  dispatched  to  surrounding 
estates,  to  prevent  depredations. 

On  the  morning  of  the  4th  the  First  Battalion  under  Major 
Wilson,  were  ordered  out  as  provost  guard.  They  were  relieved 
in  the  afternoon  by  the  Second  Battalion  under  Captain  J.  G. 
Butler,  Major  M.  B.  Butler  being  detailed  as  Brigade  Officer  of 
the  Day,  and  Colonel  Hoffman  as  Division  Officer  of  the  Day. 
The  regiment  continued  on  Provost  duty  until  the  march  was 
taken  up  the  next  day. 

The  wagon  trains  reached  camp  early  in  the  morning  of  the 
4th,  so  there  was  an  abundance  of  supplies  of  hard-tack  and 
coffee,  potatoes  and  canned  meats.  Company  F  under  Cap 
tain  Fales  and  Lieutenant  Nice  were  detailed  to  round  up  the 
stragglers,  who  had  journeyed  to  Manassas  by  train,  their  in 
tention  being  to  remain  until  the  arrival  of  the  Division.  They 
succeeded  in  capturing  about  eighty  of  the  wayward  ones  from 
different  commands,  among  which,  the  Third  New  York  was  not 
represented. 

The  rain  descended  in  torrents  from  9  p.  m.  on  August  4th 
until  3  a.  m.  August  5th. 

The  regiment  left  camp  at  Burkes  Station  Friday,  August  5th, 
as  rear  guard  to  the  Second  Division,  at  6.45  a.  m.,  moving  in  a 
southwestward  direction.  The  morning  was  clear  and  cool,  and 
the  preceding  commands  had  worked  the  roads  into  an  excellent 
condition.  The  regiment  was  halted  at  7.05,  and  resumed  march 
at  7.18,,  a  thirteen  minute  rest;  rested  again  at  7.27,  and  started 
at  7.54,  a  rest  of  twenty-seven  minutes;  rested  again  at  8.04  and 

started  at  8.39,  a  rest  of  thirty-five  minutes. 
7 


98  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

Up  to  this  point  there  lay  considerable  up-hill  marching. 
Bests  were  more  than  sufficient  to  allow  the  men  to  recover. 
Rested  from  9.05  to  9.08.  At  9.10  passed  the  Happoldt  estate 
on  the  right.  At  9.24  reached  Sangsters  Cross  roads,  where  the 
troops  rested  until  9.45,  and  then  swung  around  to  a  north  of 
west  direction,  in  an  opposite  direction  to  the  road  leading  to 
Wolf  Run  Shoals.  Halted  at  10.10,  started  at  10.25,  and 
marched  through  a  mountainous  defile,  over  a  heavy  and  hilly 
road.  Rested  from  10.57  to  11.17.  At  11.51  halted  at  the  Crouch 
estate,  where  the  men  filled  their  canteens.  Started  at  12.22  and 
halted  at  12.38.  Arrived  at  Bull  Run  Field  at  12.50.  A  resume 
shows  that  the  regiment  was  actually  marching  three  hours  and 
seven  minutes  and  resting  two  hours  and  fifty-eight  minutes. 
That  the  day  was  an  ideal  one  for  marching  is  proved  by  the  fact, 
that  all  the  men  answered  to  their  names  at  roll  call,  immediately 
after  reaching  camp. 

Tents  were  pitched  on  a  slight  bluff,  adjoining  the  woods,  which 
aligned  the  east  bank  of  Bull  Run  Creek.  The  efficiency  of  the 
Quartermaster's  Department  is  conclusively  proved  by  the  fact 
that  though  the  regiment  was  the  rear  guard  of  the  Division, 
the  supply  wagons  were  parked  close  to  the  regiment  not  later 
than  3.30  p.  m.  and  the  hue  and  cry  about  lack  of  food  was 
entirely  without  foundation.  Headquarters  was  situated  close 
to  an  old  redoubt,  at  the  northwesterly  end  of  the  line  of  in- 
trenchments,  thrown  up  by  the  Confederate  General  Jubal  A. 
Early  in  1861.  The  whole  Second  Division  was  encamped  in  one 
large  field,  this  being  made  feasible  by  the  nature  of  the  ground, 
which  was  undulating.  Considerable  difficulty  was  again  en 
countered  in  the  water  supply.  Drinking  water  was  only 
obtained  after  carrying  it  from  points  from  a  half  mile  to  two 


Field  Officers,  Third  Regiment,  New  York  Volunteer  Infantry. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  99 

miles  distant.  There  was  one  spring  a  short  distance  from  the 
camp,  but  the  run  on  it  was  so  great  that  it  was  soon  exhausted. 
Bull  Run  Creek  was  considerably  swollen  by  the  recent  rains 
and  saturated  with  yellow  clay.  The  men  used  it  for  bathing 
and  washing  purposes. 

The  camp  presented  an  exceedingly  picturesque  appearance  at 
night.  The  lights  from  the  shelter  tents  of  nearly  all  the  regi 
ments  were  visible  and  resembled  a  good  sized  town  as  viewed 
from  a  distance.  After  "  taps/7  the  mess  fires  dotted  the  land 
scape,  and  the  lurid  flames  from  the  burning  logs,  which  lightened 
the  white  shelter  tents,  formed  a  glorious  sight.  Company  G 
was  detailed,  while  at  this  camp,  as  Provost  Guard  at  Clifton. 

The  regiment  broke  camp  and  started  as  vanguard  to  the  First 
Brigade  at  5.55  a.  m.,  Sunday  morning,  August  7th.  Owing  to 
the  swollen  state  of  Bull  Run  Creek,  the  fording  of  it  was  im 
possible,  and  a  detail  of  engineers  and  men  from  the  Division 
under  command  of  former  Lieutenant  J.  B.  Mitchell,  and  Second 
Lieutenant  Frederick  T.  Eigabroadt,  constructed  a  bridge,  using 
dismantled  army  wagons  for  piers.  This  was  made  at  Yates 
Ford,  which  the  regiment  reached  at  6.12  a,  m.  Marched  across  at 
6.18,  rest  of  six  minutes.  Ascended  a  very  steep  hill  on  the  other 
side  and  reached  opposite  the  Peet  House  from  6.35  to  6.50; 
rested  from  6.55  to  7.16;  rested  again  from  7.48  just  outside 
Manassas  and  resumed  march  at  8.22,  through  Manassas  at  8.45 
and  past  the  Manassas  battlefield  and  monument  at  8.50  to  the 
tune  of  "  Mama's  little  pumpkin  colored  Coon."  A  halt  was 
made  at  9.10  after  the  rear  guard  was  clear  of  the  town. 

The  roads  the  other  side  of  Manassas  were  very  dusty  and  the 
almost  total  absence  of  water  for  drinking  purposes  caused  a 
good  deal  of  complaining  in  the  ranks.  It  was  impossible  to 


100  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

obtain  water  from  the  few  inhabitants  along  the  line  of  march, 
as  the  provost  guard  at  each  place  had  definite  instructions  to 
refuse  admittance  to  officers  and  men  alike  to  the  grounds. 

The  march  was  resumed  at  9.25  and  the  regiment  halted  at 
9.58  for  twenty  minutes  on  account  of  the  extreme  heat, 
straggling  being  prevalent  in  both  battalions.  Colonel  Hoffman 
made  a  personal  tour  in  search  of  water,  but  it  was  impossible 
to  obfain  any. 

Guilfords  Mills  reached  at  10.25.  At  10.27  the  regiment  forded 
Broad  Run  in  two  places,  the  march  being  taken  up  after  the 
last  company  had  crossed,  and  at  10.55  the  regiment  reached 
camp  in  a  field  near  Bristoe.  Some  of  the  men  showed  signs  of 
fatigue,  which  was  mainly  due  to  the  excessive  heat  and  to  thirst. 
A  resume  shows  that  the  regiment  marched  for  three  hours  and 
seventeen  minutes  and  rested  one  hour  and  forty-three  minutes. 
Tents  were  pitched  in  the  open  field,  bordering  Broad  Run  Creek, 
which  was  even  muddier  than  Bull  Run  had  been.  This  was 
without  exception  the  most  favorable  and  the  most  convenient 
camp  ground  for  bathing  of  all  the  sites  occupied  by  the  Division, 
and  the  regiment  was  singularly  fortunate  in  being  so  situated. 

Considerable  difficulty  was  met  with  in  driving  the  mules 
through  the  creek  at  Guilfords  Mills,  but  in  spite  of  this  the  last 
wagon  reached  camp  before  7  o'clock. 

On  Monday,  the  8th,  the  entire  regiment  was  in  bathing  during 
the  day,  which  greatly  refreshed  the  men  and  removed  all  evi 
dence  of  fatigue  from  the  march  the  day  previous.  As  usual  the 
supply  of  drinking  water  was  very  limited,  and  what  there  was 
of  it  was  situated  two  miles  from  camp,  which  fact  caused  con 
siderable  grumbling. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  101 

A  very  heavy  wind  storm  visited  the  camp  OB  the:  <jiftfeflnopjl',9-f 
the  8th  and  Colonel  Hoffman  and  his  staff  spent  about  an  hour 
holding  on  to  the  adjutant's  office  to  keep  it  from  being  blown 
out  of  camp.  About  8  p.  in.  a  heavy  rain  set  in  and  lasted  well 
through  the  night.  Many  of  the  men  were  driven  out  of  their 
shelter  tents  and  spent  the  long  hours  drying  themselves  before  a 
huge  camp  fire,  which  they  managed  to  start.  Officers  and  men 
alike  heaped  maledictions  upon  the  weather  god  and  the  mut- 
terings  of  the  men  acted  as  an  accompaniment  to  the  echoes 
that  the  thunder  awakened  among  the  hills.  Company  M  was 
detailed  as  Provost  Guard  at  this  camp. 

Tuesday,  August  9th,  was  cloudy  and  threatening.  The  regi 
ment  marched  out  of  camp  as  the  rear  guard  of  the  First  Brigade, 
at  8  a.  m.,  taking  a  southwesterly  direction.  The  roads  were 
muddy  and  very  heavy.  A  halt  was  ordered  at  8.12,  and  the 
march  resumed  at  8.23 ;  again  halted  at  8.3G,  and  a  thirty  minute 
rest  given.  March  was  resumed  at  9.06,  and  the  direction 
changed  to  north  northwest.  Another  halt  occurred  at  9.17  and 
the  march  resumed  at  9.37.  At  10  o'clock  Broad  Run  was 
reached  and  all  dismounted  officers  and  men  were  instructed  to 
remove  all  clothing  except  shirts  and  hats,  the  water  being  waist 
deep.  Considerable  merriment  was  caused  by  this  proceeding 
and  amateur  photographers  busied  themselves  taking  snap  shots. 
The  band  got  safely  across  and  then  sat  on  the  opposite  bank  and 
helped  the  regiment  across  to  the  tune  of  "  Suwanee  River  "  and 
"  On  the  Banks  of  the  Wabash."  A  solitary  rabbit  was  started 
out  of  the  bushes  when  a  couple  of  hundred  men,  clad  in  blue 
shirts,  dried  themselves  by  chasing  him  across  the  field.  The 
march  was  resumed  at  10.50  a.  m.  and  at  11.16  the  regiment  halted 


1€<2  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


v^ -mrDiite  rest.  At  11.30  a.  m.  it  began  to  rain.  At 
12.05  a  halt  was  ordered,  and  scanty  lunches  consisting  prin 
cipally  of  hard  tack  were  eaten  in  a  heavy  downpouring  rain. 
The  roads  grew  worse  at  every  step,  the  mud  was  always  ankle 
deep,  and  in  many  instances  over  the  shoe  tops.  A  great  many 
pairs  of  government  shoes  showed  that  their  principal  ingredient 
was  brown  paper.  The  soles  were  ripped  off  by  the  sticky  mud. 
The  uppers  were  removed  and  thrown  away  and  bare  feet  sub 
stituted. 

Gainesville  was  passed  at  1  o'clock  p.  m.  in  a  pouring  rain. 
There  were  no  dry  places  in  the  road,  so  the  men  were  ordered  to 
hold  their  fours  intact  and  cover  files,  the  result  being  the  entire 
command  was  splashed  with  mud  from  head  to  foot.  Between 
Broad  Eun  and  Gainesville  a  color  sergeant  of  Mosby's  guerillas, 
clad  in  Confederate  uniform  and  carrying  a  banner  with  a  coat 
of  arms  of  the  state  of  Virginia  and  its  motto,  "  Sic  Semper 
Tyrannis  "  emerged  from  the  roadside,  and  allied  himself  with 
the  band,  which  tuned  out  the  stirring  "  Dixie "  in  his  honor. 
This  gentleman  lent  his  presence  to  the  regiment  for  some  dis 
tance,  then  stepped  from  the  ranks  while  the  regiment  passed  in 
review,  each  company  cheering  him  in  turn.  Haymarket  was 
reached  at  1.40  p.  m.  At  1.50  a  halt  for  seventeen  minutes  was 
made.  The  Delaney  Homestead  was  passed  at  2.25.  The  regi 
ment  was  again  halted  at  2.45  to  2.56,  and  the  men  sat  by  the 
roadside,  and  whistled  and  sang,  with  the  rain  still  pouring. 

Thoroughfare  was  reached  at  2.50,  and  a  halt  made  in  the 
woods,  the  other  side  of  the  town,  at  3.15.  The  march  was  re 
sumed  at  3.30  up  hill  and  in  three  inches  of  mud.  A  small  stream 
with  the  water  knee  deep  was  forded  at  this  point. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  103 

The  camp  ground  was  reached  and  arms  stacked  at  4.20  p.  m. 
A  resume  shows  that  the  regiment  marched  five  hours  and  four 
minutes,  and  rested  three  hours  and  sixteen  minutes,  covering 
a  distance  of  about  fourteen  miles.  Shelter  tents  were  imme 
diately  pitched  on  the  side  of  a  hill,  which  had  been  ploughed 
less  than  six  months  previous,  and  the  ground  was  so  soft 
that  the  tent  pegs  hardly  took  hold.  Such  trenches  as  could 
be  dug  with  the  limited  supply  of  implements  at  hand  were 
about  half  completed  when  the  heaviest  rain  of  the  day  set  in. 
All  the  mess  fires  were  drowned  out.  The  company  streets  were 
a  perfect  quagmire,  and  the  mud  anywhere  from  three  to  nine 
inches  deep. 

Company  H  was  the  only  company  of  all  to  keep  a  mess 
fire  burning,  which  they  did  by  detailing  men  to  hold  ponchos 
over  it.  All  of  the  rest  of  the  companies  and  officers  went  to 
sleep  in  wet  clothes,  on  the  wet  ground,  supperless.  The  efficiency 
of  the  Quartermaster's  Department  was  again  demonstrated  by 
the  presence  of  the  entire  regimental  wagon  train  in  camp  not 
later  than  6  o'clock.  Everyone  in  camp  was  miserable  the  next 
day.  Very  few  men  had  a  change  of  underwear  and  still  fewer 
a  change  of  outside  clothes,  so  that  they  were  forced  to  remain 
encased  in  their  saturated  garments  until  they  were  dried  by  heat 
from  the  body. 

TLie  regiment  wallowed  in  the  sea  of  mud  for  three  days,  and 
then  transferred  camp  to  a  pine  grove,  adjoining  the  Third 
Missouri  regiment.  The  spot  was  an  ideal  one  and  a  paradise 
in  comparison  with  the  place  that  had  just  been  left.  The  water 
supply  for  drinking  and  cooking  and  washing  was  abundant  and 
pure.  Drills  were  resumed  on  the  usual  hours  and  the  daily 
routine  of  camp  life  once  more  went  into  effect. 


104  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

Every  evening  after  parade  an  immense  camp  fire  was  lighted 
near  Colonel  Hoffman's  tent.  The  band  discoursed  sweet  music 
and  Headquarters  were  enlivened  by  the  presence  of  Brigadier- 
General  Sheaf  e,  his  staif  and  bevies  of  the  fairest  maids  in  Vir 
ginia.  Dances,  dinner  parties  and  private  theatricals  were  held 
in  the  surrounding  homesteads  at  which  a  goodly  portion  of  the 
officers  of  the  Third  New  York  Volunteer  Infantry  were  always 
to  be  found.  Enough  Virginia  "  moonshine  "  found  its  way  into 
camp  to  cheer,  but  not  inebriate  the  heroes  of  the  forty-two  mile 
march  from  Camp  Alger  to  Thoroughfare  Gap. 

On  August  the  22nd  the  regiment  was  ordered  to  relieve  the 
Second  Tennessee,  which  had  been  detailed  to  Provost  Guard 
dutj.  All  of  the  men  were  well  housed  and  fed  while  doing 
provost  duty  and  Captain  McBean  and  twenty-five  men  from 
Company  E  were  royally  entertained  by  the  hospitable  citizens 
of  Warrenton,  at  which  they  were  stationed. 

The  regiment  broke  camp  at  7.15  a.  m.  on  August  29th  and 
proceeded  in  two  sections  via  Washington  to  Camp  Meade  at 
Middletowu,  Pa.  The  first  section  reached  Camp  Meade  the 
same  night;  the  second  section  under  command  of  Major  Butler 
reached  Washington  at  noon  and  remained  until  3  p.  m. ;  the 
Woman's  Relief  Corps  fed  the  men  so  well  that  they  distributed 
their  hard  tack  and  other  rations  to  the  people  gathered  at  the 
stations  of  the  towns  through  which  the  Battalion  passed. 

As  stated  in  the  foregoing  the  Third  Battalion  of  the  regiment 
remained  on  duty  at  Camp  Alger  as  provost  guard  until  August 
12,  when  it  was  relieved  by  a  battalion  from  the  Seventh  Ohio 
regiment.  On  the  same  day  a  tremendous  rain  storm  prevailed, 
swelling  all  the  streams  to  such  an  extent  that  all  the  bridges 
in  the  neighborhood  w^ere  washed  away.  A  raging  torrent  came 


Camps  of  Third  Regiment,  New  York  Volunteers. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  105 

down  from  the  hills,  and  the  lowlands  were  overflowed  to  a  depth 
of  from  four  to  five  feet.  It  was  with  the  greatest  difficulty  that 
the  Ohio  troops  relieved  the  outposts  and  detachments  of  the 
Third  Battalion  were  obliged  to  wade  in  water  to  their  arm  pits 
to  get  into  camp.  An  ambulance  from  the  First  Division  hos 
pital,  transferring  four  sick  men  to  the  camp,  was  overturned  in 
one  of  the  streams.  The  mules  were  drowned  and  the  men  in 
the  ambulance  were  rescued  with  difficulty  by  a  detachment  from 
the  Third  Missouri  regiment  that  had  been  left  behind  to  care  for 
the  tentage  and  baggage  of  that  command.  As  a  result  of  this 
storm  and  the  consequent  exposure  and  the  long  stay  in  the  in 
fected  camp  many  ^ases  of  typhoid  fever  developed.  Some  of 
the  sick  men  were  sent  to  the  hospital  at  Fort  Myer,  others  to 
Garfield  Hospital,  Washington,  and  still  others  were  taken  to 
Camp  Meade  and  from  there  transferred  to  hospitals  in  Phila 
delphia.  On  August  16  the  detachments  left  behind,  by  the  159th 
Indiana  and  the  22nd  Kansas  regiments,  were  placed  under  com 
mand  of  Major  Hall  and  on  August  18th  the  Brigade  broke  camp 
and  marched  to  Dunn  Loring.  General  Graham,  the  corps  com 
mander,  had  in  the  meantime  transferred  his  headquarters  to 
Camp  Meade.  It  was  with  difficulty  that  enough  wagons  were 
secured  from  the  surrounding  country  to  transfer  the  great 
amount  of  baggage,  all  the  tentage,  many  extra  uniforms  and 
other  property  left  behind  when  the  Division  marched  to  Thor 
oughfare  Gap.  In  the  work  of  transfer  the  Regimental  Quarter 
master,  Lieutenant  Anthime  W.  La  Hose,  was  assisted 
by  First  Lieutenant  F.  J.  Miller,  of  Company  C,  both 
of  these  officers  showing  much  energy  and  efficiency  in 
the  work.  The  Battalion,  with  detachments  from  the  other 
two  regiments  arrived  at  Camp  Meade,  near  Middletown, 


106  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

Pa,,  on  the  morning  of  August  19,  and  went  into  camp 
in  a  large  field  on  the  Young  farm  on  high  ground, 
overlooking  the  Susquehanna  river.  There  was  an  abundance  of 
good  water.  The  next  few  days  were  consumed  in  preparing  the 
camp  for  the  other  troops  that  were  expected  from  Thoroughfare, 
in  piping  the  water  from  company  kitchens  and  digging  sinks  and 
drains.  This  work  was  accomplished  under  the  direction  and 
supervision  of  Lieutenant  Thurber  A.  Brown,  of  Company  L.  On 
August  29th  Colonel  Hoffman,  with  the  First  Battalion,  arrived 
at  Camp  Meade  and  the  Second  Battalion,  under  Major  Butler, 
arrived  the  following  day.  Battalion  drills  were  at  once  re 
sumed.  The  regiment  remained  here  until  September  12th,  at 
which  date  the  companies  started  for  their  home  stations.  At 
Elmira,  on  the  morning  of  September  13th,  the  regiment  dis 
embarked  and  paraded,  and  partook  of  a  substantial  breakfast 
prepared  by  the  ladies  of  the  city.  Here  also  two  beautiful  loving 
cups  were  presented,  one  each  to  Colonel  Hoffman  and  Lieuten 
ant-Colonel  Kirby,  by  the  officers  of  the  regiment.  Before  leaving 
Camp  Meade  the  regiment  had  a  joint  evening  parade  with  the 
Third  Missouri,  the  warmest  friendship  having  been  maintained 
between  the  two  regiments.  On  this  occasion  a  very  handsome 
and  costly  loving  cup  was  presented  to  the  Third  Missouri  by  the 
enlisted  men  of  the  Third  New  York.  The  cup  now  occupies  a 
conspicuous  place  in  the  public  library  building  at  Kansas  City. 
At  Elmira  good-byes  were  said  and  the  companies  departed  for 
their  home  stations,  enthusiastic  demonstrations  of  welcome 
being  made  at  each  city.  On  arrival  at  home  stations  officers  and 
men  were  furloughed  for  thirty  days.  This  furlough  was  after 
wards  extended  and  the  companies  were  mustered  out  of  the 
service  on  the  following  dates,  by  Captain  Elbridge  B.  Hills,  of 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  107 

the  Fifth  U.  S.  Artillery,  assisted  by  Lieutenant  George  W. 
Gatchell,  of  the  same  regiment. 

Second  and  Forty-first  Separate  Companies,  November  30; 
Forty-eighth  Separate  Company,  December  1st;  Thirty- fourth 
Separate  Company,  December  3d;  First,  Eighth  and  Twenty- 
ninth  Separate  Companies,  December  5;  Forty-second  Separate 
Company,  December  6;  Twenty-fifth  Separate  Company,  Decem 
ber  7;  Forty-third  Separate  Company,  December  8th;  Forty- 
seventh  Separate  Company,  December  9th;  Thirtieth  Separate 
Company  and  field  and  staff,  December  10, 1898. 

The  roster,  officers  and  enlisted  men  of  the  regiment  at  the 
date  of  muster  out  were  as  follows: 

The  following  is  the  military  record  of  the  officers  and  non 
commissioned  staff'  officers : 

Colonel  Edward  Morris  Hoffman. 

Private,  Co.  D,  110th  Battalion,  N.  G.  N.  Y.,  Oct.  1,  1874; 
second  lieutenant,  April  7  1877;  first  lieutenant,  30th  Separate 
Company,  November  29,  1881;  lieutenant-colonel  and  assistant 
adjutant,  7th  Brigade,  December  6,  1884;  supernumerary,  August 
5,  1880;  first  lieutenant,  30th  Separate  Company,  May  11,  1887; 
captain,  September  4,  1890 ;  inspector  general,  S.  N.  Y.,  December 
31,  1S96;  colonel,  3rd  Regiment,  Infantry,  N.  Y.  Vols.,  May  17, 
1898;  mustered  out  with  regiment,  December  10,  1898.  Died  at 
Albany,  N.  Y.,  May  15,  1901,  while  adjutant  general  of  the  State 
of  New  York. 

Lieutenant-Colonel  William  Maurice  Kirby. 

Private,  3rd  Regiment,  Artillery,  N.  Y.  Vols.,  January  1,  1862; 
second  lieutenant,  March  10,  1862;  first  lieutenant,  July  3,  1863; 
captain,  February  17,  1865;  was  honorably  discharged  with  regi- 


108  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

merit  July  8,  1865;  wounded,  December  16,  1862,  at  Whitehall, 
N.  C. ;  made  prisoner  of  Avar,  February  2,  1864,  at  Beach  Grove, 
N.  C. ;  escaped  from  prison  and  reported  for  duty,  January  16, 
1865.  First  lieutenant  and  adjutant,  49th  Regiment,  N.  G.  N.  Y., 
November  29,  1876;  lieutenant-colonel,  February  20,  1880;  cap 
tain,  2nd  Separate  Company,  N.  G.  N.  Y.,  May  11,  1881 ;  inspector 
of  rifle  practice,  S.  N.  Y.,  January  1,  1897;  lieutenant-colonel,  3rd 
Regiment,  Infantry,  N.  Y.  Vols.,  May  17,  1898;  mustered  out 
with  regiment,  December  10,  1898. 

Major  William  Wilson. 

» 

Private,  34th  Separate  Company,  N.  G.  N.  Y.,  January  21, 1880 ; 
first  lieutenant,  February  23,  1882;  captain,  October  6,  1884; 
major,  3rd  Regiment,  Infantry,  N.  Y.  Vols.,  May  17,  1898;  mus 
tered  out  with  regiment,  December  10,  1898. 

Major  Mighells  Bachman  Butler. 

Second  lieutenant,  42nd  Separate  Company,  N.  G.  N.  Y., 
November  9,  1885;  captain,  January  13,  1891;  major,  3rd  Regi 
ment,  Infantry,  N.  Y.  Vols.,  May  17,  1898;  mustered  out  with 
regiment,  December  10,  1898. 

Major  Albert  Mortimer  Hall. 

Private,  29th  Separate  Company,  N.  G.  N.  Y.,  April  10,  1882; 
dropped,  December  24,  1884;  taken  up,  May  23,  1886;  sergeant, 
May  4,  1887;  first  sergeant,  June  5,  1888;  first  lieutenant,  Feb 
ruary  10,  1890;  captain,  October  14,  1890;  transferred  to  48th 
Separate  Company,  N.  G.  N.  Y.,  May  13,  1892;  major,  3rd  Regi 
ment,  Infantry,  N.  Y.  Vols.,  May  20,  1898;  mustered  out  with 
regiment,  December  10,  1898. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  109 

Captain  and  Adjutant  Frank  Eugene  Smith. 

Private,  30th  Separate  Company,  N.  G.  N.  Y.,  March  1,  1883 ; 
corporal,  April  21,  1885 ;  sergeant,  January  3,  1888 ;  first  sergeant, 
May  5,  1894;  second  lieutenant,  December  30,  1895;  second  lieu 
tenant,  3rd  Regiment,  Infantry,  N.  Y.  Vols.,  May  17,  1898;  first 
lieutenant  and  battalion  adjutant,  May  20,  1898;  captain  and 
adjutant,  August  20,  1898;  mustered  out  with  regiment,  Decem 
ber  10,  1898. 

Captain  and  Adjutant  Albert  James  Myer. 

Cadet,  U.  S.  Military  Academy,  September  1,  1881,  to  July  1, 
1882;  private,  First  Corps  Cadets,  Boston,  Mass.,  December  10, 
1884,  to  June  24,  1885;  first  lieutenant,  65th  Regiment,  N.  G. 
N.  Y.,  November  15,  1887;  captain,  November  14,  1889;  major, 
May  22,  1893 ;  honorably  discharged,  February  12,  1895 ;  aide-de 
camp  to  Governor  Black,  January  1,  1897;  adjutant,  3rd  Regi 
ment,  Infantry,  N.  Y.  Vols.,  May  17,  1898;  resigned  to  accept 
promotion  as  major,  202nd  Regiment,  Infantry,  N.  Y.  Vols.,  June 
29,  1898. 

Captain  and  Adjutant  John  Aloysius  Quigley. 

Private,  Co.  E,  22nd  Regiment,  N.  G.  N.  Y.,  April  6,  1883; 
corporal,  September  22,  1884;  sergeant,  January  27,  1886;  first 
sergeant,  January  25,  1887;  first  lieutenant,  May  4,  1887;  honor 
ably  discharged,  February  7,  1894;  private,  2nd  Separate  Com 
pany,  N.  G.  N.  Y.,  June  5.  1894;  sergeant,  November  24,  1894; 
second  lieutenant,  March  G,  1896;  first  lieutenant  and  battalion 
adjutant,  3rd  Regiment,  Infantry,  N.  Y.  Vols.,  May  17,  1898; 
captain  and  adjutant,  June  29,  1898;  not  mustered.  Died,  August 
19,  1898. 


110  ANNUAL  KEPORT  OF  THE 

Captain  and  Quartermaster  Anthime  Watson  La  Rose. 

Private,  Co.  D,  10th  Battalion,  October  16,  1883;  first  ser 
geant,  October  20,  1883;  second  lieutenant,  July  10,  1884;  first 
lieutenant,  May  30,  1888;  resigned,  January  19,  1892;  major  and 
assistant  in  Inspector-General's  Department,  September  20,  1892 ; 
captain  and  quartermaster,  3rd  Regiment,  Infantry,  N.  Y.  Vols., 
May  17,  1898;  mustered  out  with  regiment,  December  10,  1898. 

Major  and  Surgeon  William  Marvin  Bemis. 

First  lieutenant  and  assistant  surgeon,  13th  Separate  Company, 
N.  G.  N.  Y.,  September  23,  1887;  major  and  surgeon,  3rd  Regi 
ment,  Infantry,  N.  Y.  Vols.,  May  6,  1898 ;  mustered  out  witty  regi 
ment,  December  10,  1898. 

Captain  and  Assistant  Burgeon  Reeve  Beecher  Howland. 

Private,  30th  Separate  Company,  N.  G.  N.  Y.,  January  9,  1897 ; 
first  lieutenant  and  assistant  surgeon,  March  4,  1898;  captain 
and  assistant  surgeon,  3rd  Regiment,  Infantry,  N.  Y.  Vols.,  May 
6,  1898 ;  mustered  out  with  regiment,  December  10,  1898. 

Captain  and  Assistant  Surgeon  Alfred  Frederick  Hodgman. 

Private,  2nd  Separate  Company,  N.  G.  N.  Y.,  December  30, 
1890;  first  lieutenant  and  assistant  surgeon,  February  20,  1893; 
captain  and  assistant  surgeon,  3rd  Regiment,  Infantry,  N.  Y. 
Vols.,  May  6,  1898;  mustered  out  with  regiment,  December  10, 
1898. 

First  Lieutenant  and  Battalion  Adjutant  John  A.  Quigley. 
See  captain  and  adjutant. 

First  Lieutenant  and  Battalion  Adjutant  Frank  E.  Smith. 
See  captain  and  adjutant. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  Ill 

First  Lieutenant  and  Battalion  Adjutant  James  B.  Mitchell. 

Private,  41st  Separate  Company,  N.  G.  N.  Y.,  July  14,  1893; 
dropped,  September  28,  1893;  taken  up,  September  28,  1895;  sec 
ond  lieutenant,  February  10,  1896 ;  mustered  into  the  U.  S.  service 
as  second  lieutenant,  May  1 8,  1898 ;  first  lieutenant  and  battalion 
adjutant,  June  20,  1898;  resigned  to  accept  commission  as  second 
lieutenant  in  U.  S.  Army,  July  24,  1898. 

Chaplain  James  Wilson  Brainard. 

Mustered  into  the  U.  S.  service,  May  17,  1898;  mustered  out 
with  regiment,  December  10,  1898. 

NON-COM  MISSIONED    STAFF. 

Sergeant-Major  George  A.  Wardlaw. 

Private,  41st  Separate  Company,  N.  G.  N.  Y.;  May  16,  1898; 
mustered  as  private,  Co.  C,  May  17,  1898;  appointed  sergeant- 
major,  September  23,  1898;  vice  Clarence  E.  Brayton,  died; 
mustered  out  with  regiment,  December  10,  1898. 

Sergeant-Major  Clarence  E.  Brayton. 

Private,  41st  Separate  Company,  N.  G.  N.  Y.,  March  12,  1893 ; 
corporal,  December  5,  1893;  sergeant,  December  1,  1897;  mus 
tered  into  the  CJ.  S.  service  as  sergeant-major,  May  17,  1898; 
second  lieutenant,  September  1,  1898 ;  died,  September  20,  1898. 

Quartermaster- Sergeant  Albert  M.  Steele. 

Private,  May  1,  1898,  1st  Separate  Company,  N.  G.  N.  Y. ; 
mustered  into  the  U.  S.  service  as  private,  Co.  H,  May  17,  1898; 
appointed  corporal,  July  2,  1898;  appointed  regimental  quarter 
master-sergeant,  September  8,  1898;  vice  Herbert  A.  Morgan, 
discharged;  mustered  out  with  regiment,  December  10,  1898. 


112  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

Quartermaster-Sergeant  Herbert  A.  Morgan. 

Private,  2nd  Separate  Company,  X.  G.  X.  Y.,  December  17, 
1889;  promoted  to  company  quartermaster- sergeant,  September 
5,  1893;  mustered  into  the  U.  8.  service  as  regimental  quarter 
master-sergeant,  May  17,  1898;  discharged,  June  22,  1898,  to 
accept  position  of  clerk  in  commissary  department. 

Hospital  Steward  Oscar  H.   (~v   Townc. 

Private,  25th  Separate  Company,  X.  (}.  X.  Y.,  July  30,  1895; 
mustered  into  the  U.  S.  service  as  hospital  steward.  May  17. 
1898;  died,  September  10,  1898. 

Hospital  Steward  Alexander  C.  Tuck. 

Private,  25th  Separate  Company,  X.  G.  X.  Y.,  July  8,  1891; 
detailed  as  musician,  May  10,  1893:  honorably  discharged,  Octo 
ber  17,  189G;  re-enlisted,  October  17,  1896;  mustered  into  the 
U.  S.  service  as  private,  May  17,  1898;  promoted  to  hospital 
steward,  May  20,  1898;  mustered  out  with  regiment,  December 
10,  1898. 

Hospital  Steward  George  J.  Lewis. 

Private,  1st  Separate  Company,  X.  G.  X.  Y.,  December  5,  1895; 
mustered  into  U.  S.  service  as  private,  May  17,  1898;  promoted 
to  hospital  steward,  May  17,  1898;  mustered  out  with  regiment, 
December  10,  1898. 

Chief  Musician  Arnold  F.  Hayer. 

Private,  30th  Separate  Company,  X.  G.  X.  Y.,  March  29,  1898; 
mustered  into  the  U.  S.  service  as  chief  musician,  May  17,  1898; 
mustered  out  with  regiment,  December  10,  1898. 


STATE  HISTORIAN. 

Principal  Musician  Lewis  V.  S.  St.  Glare. 

Musician,  5th  U.  S.  Infantry,  December  19,  1871;  honorably 
discharged,  June  13,  1876;  re-entered  in  8th  U.  S.  Cavalry, 
August  10,  1879;  honorably  discharged,  February  10,  1884; 
re-enlisted  in  10th  U.  S.  Infantry,  April  5,  1889 ;  honorably  dis 
charged,  June  30,  1891 ;  musician,  47th  Separate  Company,  N.  G. 
N.  Y. ;  mustered  into  U.  S.  service  as  principal  musician,  May 
17,  1898;  mustered  out  with  regiment,  December  10,  1898. 

Principal  Musician  John  E.  Frazer. 

Musician,  30th  Separate  Company,  K  G.  N.  Y. ;  mustered  into 
the  U.  S.  service  as  musician,  Co.  L,  May  17,  1898;  promoted 
to  principal  musician  with  regimental  band,  August  1,  1898;  mus 
tered  out  with  regiment,  December  10,  1898. 

Color  Bearer  William  B.  Young. 

Private,  1st  Separate  Company,  N.  G.  N.  Y.;  corporal,  Febru 
ary  16,  1894;  sergeant,  December  16,  1895;  mustered  into  the 
U.  S.  service,  May  17,  1898 ;  appointed  color  sergeant,  June,  1898 ; 
mustered  out  with  regiment,  December  5,  1898. 

Color  Bearer  Sergeant  Emmet  M.  Gould. 

Private,  43rd  Separate  Company,  N.  G.  N.  Y.,  April  11,  1887; 
corporal,  November  21,  1891;  dropped,  June  16,  1893;  taken  up, 
March  28,  1898;  honorably  discharged,  April  16,  1898;  re-enlisted, 
April  25,  1898;  mustered  into  U.  S.  service,  May  17,  1898;  ser 
geant,  May  19,  1898;  appointed  color  bearer,  June,  1898;  mus 
tered  out  with  regiment,  December  8,  1898. 

The  Regimental  Band  was  organized  August  1,  1898,  with 
Arnold  F.  Hager  as  chief  musician,  and  John  E.  Frazer  as  prin 
cipal  musician.  The  following  men  were  transferred  to  the 

8 


114  ANNUAL  REPORT  OP  THE 

band;  Musician  Frank  A.  Yattan,  Co.  A;  Privates  Frank  B. 
Pritehard  and  John  Stearns,  Co.  K;  Musician  A.  A.  Westcott, 
Co.  L;  Private  Leonard  K.  Myers  and  Musicians  Ed.  J.  Nicht 
and  Fred  H.  Stout.  Co.  M.  The  following  men  were  obtained  by 
enlistment:  Frederick  R.  Cotton,  Daniel  Henderson,  Albert  J. 
King,  C.  W.  A.  Marks,  John  McBride,  George  W.  Maynard, 
Edward  E.  Orr,  William  Wadner.  On  the  return  of  the  com 
panies  to  their  home  stations  the  members  of  the  band  were 
transferred  back  to  their  companies  for  the  purpose  of  subsist 
ence  till  muster-out. 

COMPANY  OFFICERS. 

Company  A. 
Captain  Henry  B.  Henderson. 

Private,  Co.  E,  54th  Regiment,  August  24,  1863;  second 
lieutenant,  March  2,  1864;  one  hundred  days'  service,  U.  S.  V., 
July  26,  1864;  discharged,  November  10,  1864;  captain,  July  12, 
1865;  8th  Separate  Company,  N.  G.  N.  Y.,  December  10,  1880; 
mustered  into  U.  S.  service,  May  17,  1898;  mustered  out  with 
regiment,  December  5,  1898. 

First  Lieutenant  Frederick  W.  G.  Bailey, 

Private,  Co.  E,  54th  Regiment,  N.  G.  N.  Y.,  October  2,  1878; 
corporal,  8th  Separate  Company,  N.  G.  N.  Y.,  April  5,  1881 ;  ser 
geant,  April  5,  3886;  second  lieutenant,  March  2,  1887;  first 
lieutenant,  September  22,  1890;  mustered  into  U.  S.  service,  May 
17,  1898;  mustered  out  with  regiment,  December  5,  1899. 

Second  Lieutenant  Fred  T.  Eigabroadt. 

Private,  March  18,  1885;  corporal,  February  25,  1889;  ser 
geant,  March  11,  1890;  second  lieutenant,  February  13,  1891; 
mustered  into  U.  S.  service,  May  17,  1898;  mustered  out  with 
regiment,  December  5,  1898. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  115 

Company  B. 
Captain  James  G.  Stacey. 

Private,  34th  Separate  Company,  N.  G.  N.  Y.,  January  7,  1882 ; 
quartermaster-sergeant,  May  21,  1885;  honorably  discharged, 
February  8,  1887;  re-enlisted,  December  1,  1888;  honorably  dis 
charged,  February  7,  1891;  first  lieutenant,  September  4,  1893; 
mustered  into  the  U.  S.  service,  May  17,  1898;  mustered  out  with 
regiment,  December  3,  1898. 

First  Lieutenant  William  L.  McKay. 

Private,  34th  Separate  Company,  N.  G.  N.  Y.,  March  16,  1892 ; 
second  lieutenant,  September  4,  1893;  mustered  into  the  U.  S.  ser 
vice,  May  17,  1898;  mustered  out  with  regiment,  December  3, 
1898. 

Second  Lieutenant  George  E.  Gasper. 

Private,  34th  Separate  Company,  N.  G.  N.  Y.,  April  29.  1880; 
corporal,  May  21,  1885;  sergeant,  July  6,  1886;  mustered  into  the 
U.  S.  service  as  first  sergeant,  May  17,  1898;  promoted  to  second 
lieutenant,  December  2,  1898,  vice  Webster,  resigned;  mustered 
out  with  regiment,  December  3,  1898. 

Second  Lieutenant  Horace  Webster. 

Private,  34th  Separate  Company.  N.  G.  N.  Y. ;  corporal,  June 
2,  1894;  second  lieutenant,  October  15,  1896;  mustered  into  the 
U.  S.  service,  May  17,  1898;  resigned,  October  26,  1898,  to  accept 
second  lieutenancy  in  203rd  Kegiment,  N.  Y.  Vols. 

Company  C. 
Captain  John  G.  Butler. 

Captain,  3rd  Regiment  N.  Y.  Vols.,  April  21,  1861 ;  lieutenant- 
colonel,  147th  Kegiment,  N.  Y.  Vols.,  September  13,  1862;  colonel, 


116  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

February  4,  1863;  honorably  discharged,  November  5,  1863; 
-captain,  41st  Separate  Company,  N.  G.  N.  Y.,  April  12,  1888; 
mustered  into  the  U.  S.  service,  May  17,  1898;  mustered  out  with 
regiment,  November  30,  1898. 

First  Lieutenant  Frank  J.  Miller. 

Private,  41st  Separate  Company,  N.  G.  N.  Y.,  July  14,  1893; 
first  lieutenant,  June  9.  1896;  mustered  into  the  U.  S.  service, 
May  17,  1898,  mustered  out  with  regiment,  November  30,  1898. 

Second  Lieutenant  Harry  C.  Pierce. 

Private  and  non-commissioned  officer  of  the  41st  Separate 
Company,  N.  G.  N.  Y. ;  mustered  into  the  U.  S.  service  as  ser 
geant,  May  17, 1898;  promoted  to  second  lieutenant,  June  5,  1898, 
vice  Mitchell,  promoted  to  battalion  adjutant. 

Second  Lieutenant  James  B.  Mitchell. 

See  First  Lieutenant  and  Battalion  Adjutant. 

Company  D. 
Captain  De  Solvo  H.  Tifft. 

Private,  Co.  A,  48th  Regiment,  N.  G.  N.  Y.,  March  17,  1870; 
discharged,  January  31,  1879;  private,  Co.  F,  48th  Regiment 
(38th  Separate  Company),  May  2,  1879;  corporal,  July  26,  1881; 
sergeant,  April  25,  1883 ;  first  sergeant,  May  10,  1884 ;  discharged, 
September  2,  1884;  first  lieutenant,  July  12,  1886;  transferred 
to  48th  Separate  Company,  May  13,  1892;  mustered  into  the 
U.  S.  service  as  first  lieutenant,  May  17,  1898;  captain,  May  20, 
1898;  mustered  out  with  regiment,  December  1,  1898. 

Captain  Albert  M.  Hall. 

See  Major.  -^    r 


STATE  HISTORIAN'.  117 

First  Lieutenant  Frederick  L.  Patfburg. 

Private,  Co.  H,  4th  Regiment,  N.  J.  N.  G.,  May,  1893;  cor- 
poral,  September,  1894;  dropped,  December,  1895;  second  lieu 
tenant,  48th  Separate  Company,  N.  G.  N.  Y.,  June  9,  1896; 
mustered  into  the  U.  S.  service  as  second  lieutenant,  May  17, 
1898;  first  lieutenant,  May  20,  1898;  mustered  out  with  regiment, 
December  1,  1898. 

Second  Lieutenant  John  McDonald. 

Private,  29th  Separate  Company,  N.  G.  N.  Y.,  March  22, 
1889 ;  corporal,  May  12,  1890 ;  transferred  to  48th  Separate  Com 
pany,  May  13,  1892;  first  sergeant,  December  16,  1892;  mustered 
into  U.  S.  service  as  first  sergeant,  May  17,  1898;  second  lieuten 
ant,  May  20,  1898;  mustered  out  with  regiment,  December  1, 
1898. 

Company  E. 
Captain  Hector  McBean. 

Private,  42nd  Separate  Company,  N.  G.  N.  Y.,  April  30,  1888; 
corporal,  February  25,  1892;  sergeant,  January  3,  1895;  first 
lieutenant,  February  3,  1897;  mustered  into  the  U.  S.  service 
as  captain,  May  17,  1898;  mustered  out  with  regiment,  December 
6,  1898. 

First  Lieutenant  Samuel  J.  Mason. 

Private,  42nd  Separate  Company,  N.  G.  N.  Y.,  November  20, 
1885;  sergeant,  December  31,  1885;  first  sergeant,  February  27, 
1892;  second  lieutenant,  June  3,  1896;  mustered  into  the  U.  S. 
service  as  first  lieutenant,  May  17,  1898;  mustered  out  with 
regiment,  December  6,  1898. 


118  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

Second  Lieutenant  Francis  C.  Deveauos. 

Enlisted  in  the  42nd  Separate  Company,  N.  G.  N.  Y. ;  mus 
tered  into  the  U.  S.  service  as  first  sergeant,  May  17,  1898;  sec 
ond  lieutenant,  May  20,  1898;  mustered  out  with  regiment,  De 
cember  6,  1898. 

Company  F. 
Captain  Sanderson  A.  Ross. 

29th  Separate  Company.  N.  G.  N.  Y.,  December  28,  1891;  mus 
tered  into  the  U.  S.  service,  May  17,  1898;  mustered  out  with 
regiment,  December  5,  1898. 

First  Lieutenant  James  S.  Brainard. 

29th  Separate  Company,  N.  G.  N.  Y.,  December  28,  1891 ;  mus 
tered  into  the  U.  S.  service,  May  17,  1898;  mustered  out  with 
regiment,  December  5,  1898. 

Second  Lieutenant  Algernon  B.  Shattuck. 

Private,  29th  Separate  Company,  N.  G.  N.  Y.,  December  28, 
1891;  sergeant,  May  24,  1894;  returned  to  ranks,  June  7,  1897; 
sergeant,  January  3,  1898 ;  mustered  into  the  U.  S.  service  as  sec 
ond  lieutenant,  May  17,  1898;  mustered  out  with  regiment,  De 
cember  5,  1898. 

Company  G. 
Captain  Henry  M.  Fales. 

Private,  42nd  Separate  Company,  N.  G.  N.  Y.,  April  5,  1887; 
first  lieutenant,  25th  Separate  Company,  May  25,  1891;  captain, 
November  28,  1892;  mustered  into  the  U.  S.  service,  May  17, 
1898;  mustered  out  with  regiment,  December  7,  1898. 

First  Lieutenant  John  L.  Nice. 

Private,  25th  Separate  Company,  N.  G.  N.  Y.,  May  25,  1891; 
sergeant,  May  26,  1891;  first  lieutenant,  February  3,  1893;  mus- 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  119 

tered  into  the  U.  S.  service,  May  17,  1898;  mustered  out  with 
regiment,  December  7,  1898. 

Second  Lieutenant  Charles  B.  Lentz. 

Private,  25th  Separate  Company,  N.  G.  N.  Y.,  May  25,  1891; 
corporal,  April  2,  1892;  sergeant,  May  13,  1893;  dropped,  July 
21,  1 894 ;  taken  up  as  private,  October  17,  1896 ;  corporal,  Novem 
ber  7,  1896;  sergeant,  October  25,  1897;  second  lieutenant,  De 
cember  17,  1897;  mustered  into  the  U.  S.  service,  May  17,  1898; 
mustered  out  with  regiment,  December  7,  1898. 

Company  II. 
Captain  Murray  W.  Crosby. 

Private,  1st  Separate  Company,  N.  G.  N.  Y.,  October  8,  1891; 
corporal,  November  2,  1894;  sergeant,  July  25,  1895;  second 
lieutenant,  February  19,  1896;  mustered  into  the  U.  S.  service 
as  first  lieutenant,  May  17,  1898;  captain,  September  10,  1898, 
vice  Smith,  died;  mustered  out  with  regiment,  December  5, 
1898. 

Captain  Lester  B.  Smith. 

Private,  1st  Separate  Company,  N.  G.  N.  Y.,  May  19,  1890; 
sergeant,  August  11,  1890;  second  lieutenant,  April  19,  1893; 
captain,  June  13,  1894;  mustered  into  the  U.  S.  service,  May  17, 
1898 ;  died,  August  17,  1898. 

First  Lieutenant  Frank  G.  Smith. 

Private,  1st  Separate  Company,  N.  G.  N.  Y.,  May  19,  1890; 
corporal,  August  11,  1890;  sergeant,  July  3,  1891;  mustered  into 
the  U.  S.  service  as  second  lieutenant,  May  17,  1898;  first  lieu 
tenant,  September  10,  1898;  mustered  out  with  regiment,  Decem 
ber  5,  1898. 


120  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

Second  Lieutenant  George  A.  Grenville. 

Private,  2nd  Separate  Company,  N.  G.  N.  Y.,  February  27, 
1884 ;  dropped,  March  26,  1885 ;  private,  30th  Separate  Company, 
November  17,  1885;  corporal,  March  30,  1888;  transferred  to  1st 
Separate  Company,  February  14,  1891;  sergeant,  June  1,  1891; 
mustered  into  the  U.  S.  service  as  first  sergeant,  May  17,  1898; 
second  lieutenant.  October  1,  1898;  mustered  out  with  regiment, 

December  5,  1898. 

Company  I. 

Captain  Richard  H.  Franchot. 

Second  lieutenant,  43rd  Separate  Company.  N.  G.  N.  Y.,  July 
14,  1890;  captain,  December  14,  1894;  mustered  into  the  U.  S. 
service,  May  17,  1898;  mustered  out  with  regiment,  December 
8,  1898. 

First  Lieutenant  George  M.  Mayer. 

Private,  43rd  Separate  Company,  September  1,  1891;  sergeant, 
April  30,  1892;  first  sergeant,  May  19,  1894;  second  lieutenant, 
June  27,  1895 ;  mustered  into  the  U.  S.  service  as  first  lieutenant, 
May  17,  1898;  mustered  out  with  regiment,  December  8,  1898. 

Second  Lieutenant  Henry  H.  Weber. 

Private,  43rd  Separate  Company,  N.  G.  N.  Y.,  April  7,  1889; 
sergeant,  April  30,  1892;  returned  to  ranks  at  his  own  request, 
April  1,  1893;  corporal,  June  16,  1893;  sergeant,  October  9, 
1895;  mustered  into  the  U.  S.  service,  May  17,  1898;  mustered 
out  with  regiment,  December  8,  1898. 

Company  K. 
Captain  Francis  G.  Babcock,  Jr. 

First  lieutenant,  47th  Separate  Company,  N.  G.  N.  Y.,  Septem 
ber  30,  1891;  captain,  March  9,  1897;  mustered  into  the  U.  S. 


Fieia  and  Staff,  Third  Regiment,  N.  Y.  V.  I 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  121 

service,   May  IT,    18!)8;  mustered  out  with  regiment,   December 
9,  1808. 

First  Lieutenant  William  S.  Charles. 

Private,  47th  Separate  Company,  N.  O.  N.  Y.,  September  29, 
1891;  second  lieutenant,  December  23,  1891;  first  lieutenant, 
May  22,  1897;  mustered  into  the  U.  S.  service,  May  17,  1898; 
mustered  out  with  regiment,  December  9,  1898. 

Second  Lieutenant  George  H.  Groscenor. 

Private,  47th  Separate  Company,  X.  G.  N.  Y.,  September  30, 
1891;  corporal,  May  6,  1893;  sergeant,  April  25,  1896;  first  ser 
geant,  January  17,  1898;  mustered  into  the  U.  S.  service.  May 
17,  1898;  mustered  out  with  regiment,  December  9,  1898. 

Company  L. 
Captain  John,  T.  Sadler. 

Corporal,  Co.  D,  110th  Battalion,  X.  G.  N.  Y.,  October  1,  1874; 
sergeant,  March  3,  1876;  first  sergeant,  April  7,  1877;  second 
lieutenant,  30th  Separate  Company,  N.  G.  N.  Y.,  November  29, 
1881;  major  and  inspector,  7th  Brigade,  December  6,  1884; 
supernumerary,  August  5,  1886;  second  lieutenant,  30th  Separate 
Company,  May  17,  1887;  first  lieutenant,  October  24,  1890;  cap 
tain,  April  3,  1897;  mustered  into  the  U.  S.  service,  May  17,  1898; 
mustered  out  with  regiment,  December  10,  1898. 

First  Lieutenant  Thurber  A.  Brown. 

Private,  30th  Separate  Company,  N.  G.  N.  Y.,  April  28,  1885 ; 
corporal,  April  27,  1886;  sergeant,  September  16,  1890;  second 
lieutenant,  November  25,  1890;  first  lieutenant,  May  27,  1897; 
mustered  into  the  U.  S.  service,  May  17,  1898 ;  mustered  out  with 
regiment,  December  10,  1898. 


122  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

Second  Lieutenant  Leon  A.  Merrill. 

Private,  30th  Separate  Company,  N.  G.  N.  Y.,  April  19,  1887; 
corporal,  December  20,  1890;  sergeant,  November  4,  1893;  first 
sergeant,  January  25,  1896;  mustered  into  the  U.  S.  service  as 
first  sergeant,  May  17,  1898;  second  lieutenant,  May  20,  1898; 
mustered  out  with  regiment,  December  10,  1898. 

Company  M. 
Captain  Clarence  J.  Barber. 

Private,  Co.  H,  54th  Regiment,  N.  G.  N.  Y.,  August  29,  1877; 
corporal,  December,  1877;  sergeant,  1878;  discharged  by  disband- 
ment ;  private,  2nd  Separate  Company,  N.  G.  N.  Y.,  May  24,  1881 ; 
corporal,  June  14,  1881;  sergeant,  December  30,  1882;  second 
lieutenant,  May  3,  1887;  first  lieutenant,  April  25.  1890;  captain, 
June  22,  1897;  mustered  into  the  U.  S.  service,  May  17,  1898; 
mustered  out  with  regiment,  November  30,  1898. 

First  Lieutenant  Edgar  S.  Jennings. 

Private,  2nd  Separate  Company,  N.  G.  N.  Y.,  March  20,  1891; 
corporal,  May  19,  1894;  sergeant,  May  19,  1896;  first  sergeant, 
May  1,  1898;  mustered  into  the  U.  S.  service  as  second  lieuten 
ant,  May  17,  1898;  first  lieutenant,  September  19,  1898;  mus 
tered  out  with  regiment,  November  30,  1898. 

First  Lieutenant  George  W.  Nellis. 

Private,  2nd  Separate  Company,  N.  G.  N.  Y.,  May  24,  1881; 
corporal,  June  14,  1881;  sergeant,  June  17,  1886;  discharged, 
November  22,  1887 ;  re-enlisted,  September  26,  1889 ;  second  lieu 
tenant,  January  27,  1894;  first  lieutenant,  December  23,  1897; 
mustered  into  the  U.  S.  service,  May  17,  1898 ;  resigned  to  accept 
promotion  as  captain  and  commissary  U.  S.  Vols. 

First  Lieutenant  John  B.  Holland. 

Private,  Co.  H,  7th  Regiment,  N.  G.  N.  Y.,  November  13,  1865; 
corporal,  August  14,  1871;  sergeant,  December  13,  1875;  first 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  123 

sergeant,  February  15,  1879;  first  lieutenant,  December  4,  1888; 
major  and  A.  D.  C.,  February  25,  1898;  mustered  into  the  U.  S. 
service,  June  30,  1898;  resigned,  September  3,  1898. 

Second  Lieutenant  Alton  W.  Montgomery. 

Private,  2nd  Separate  Company,  N.  G.  N.  Y.,  May  19,  1889; 
corporal,  October  21,  1893;  sergeant,  February  22,  1896;  mus 
tered  into  the  U.  S.  service,  May  17,  1898;  first  sergeant,  June 
20,  1898;  second  lieutenant,  September  16,  1898;  mustered  out 
with  regiment,  November  30,  1898. 

ROSTER  OF  FIELD,  STAFF  AND  NON-COMMISSIONED  STAFF  AT  DATE 

OF  MUSTER-OUT. 

Rank.  Names. 

Colonel Edward  M.  Hoffman. 

Lieutenant-Colonel William  M.  Kirby. 

Major William    Wilson. 

Major Mighells  B.  Butler. 

Major Albert  M.  Hall. 

Regimental  Adjutant Frank  Eugene  Smith. 

Regimental  Quartermaster Anthime  W.  LaRose. 

Surgeon William  M.  Bemus. 

Assistant  Surgeon Alfred  F.  Hodgman. 

Assistant  Surgeon Reeve  B.  Howland. 

Chaplain James  W.   Brainard. 

Sergeant-Major George  A.  Wardlaw. 

Quartermaster-Sergeant Albert  M.  Steele. 

Hospital  Steward George  J.  Lewis. 

Hospital  Steward Alexander  C.  Tuck. 

Chief  Musician Arnold  F.  Hager. 

Principal  Musician Lewis  V.  S.  St.  Clare. 

Principal  Musician John  E.  Frazer. 


124  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

DISCHARGED. 
Regimental  Adjutant Albert  J.  Myeiv 

Battalion  Adjutant James  B.  Mitchell. 

Quartermaster-Sergeant Herbert  A.  Morgan. 

DIED. 
Regimental  Adjutant John  A.  Quigley,  August  19, 

1898;  typhoid  fever. 

Sergeant-Major Clarence  E.  Bray  ton,   September 

20, 1898 ;  typhoid  fever. 

The  casualties  of  the  regiment  while  in  the  service  numbered 
33.  The  first  officer  to  die  was  Captain  Lester  Boardman  Smith, 
of  Company  H  (First  Separate  Company,  Rochester),  who  died 
of  typhoid  fever  at  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  on  August  17.  His  death 
was  announced  in  the  following  order: 

Headquarters  3rd  Regiment,  N.  Y.  V.  I., 
Camp  near  Thoroughfare  Gap,  Ya.,  in  the  Field, 

August  19,  1898. 
Orders  [ 
No.  69.  j 

It  is  with  the  deepest  grief  that  the  Commanding  Officer 
announces  the  death  of  Captain  Lester  Boardman  Smith  of  this 
regiment,  who  died  at  his  home  in  Rochester  on  the  17th  day 
of  August,  1898,  of  disease  incurred  in  the  line  of  duty  with  his 
regiment. 

Captain  Smith  entered  the  service  of  the  State  of  New  Y'ork  as 
a  private  in  the  1st  Separate  Company,  N.  G.  N.  Y.,  May  19th, 
1890,  Avas  promoted  to  Sergeant  August  llth,  1890,  to  Second 
Lieutenant  October  llth,  1892,  to  First  Lieutenant  April  19th, 
1893,  and  to  Captain  June  13th,  1894.  Upon  the  first  call  for 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  125' 

troops  by  President  McKinley  he  volunteered  with  his  company 
on  May  1st,  1898,  and  was  mustered  into  the  service  of  the 
United  States  as  Captain  in  the  3rd  Regiment,  N.  Y.  V.  I.,  on  the 
17th  of  May,  1898. 

The  death  of  Captain  Smith  is  a  severe  loss  to  the  regiment, 
he  having,  by  his  industry  and  study,  become  an  exceedingly 
competent  officer  by  his  attention  to  duty  and  high  character, 
and  by  the  example  he  set  to  his  men  he  has  been  of  great  benefit 
in  raising  and  keeping  up  the  high  standard  of  the  regiment.  Of 
a  most  genial  and  happy  disposition  socially,  and  possessing  to 
such  a  large  degree  the  most  lovable  traits  of  character,  he 
endeared  himself  to  every  member  of  this  regiment. 

The  usual  badge  of  mourning  will  be  worn  by  the  officers  of 
the  regiment  for  thirty  days. 

By  order  of  Colonel  Hoffman; 

FRANK  B.  SMITH, 

Acting  Regimental  Adjutant. 

On  August  19th  occurred  the  death  of  Regimental  Adjutant 
John  Aloysius  Quigley,  who  died  of  typhoid  fever  at  Auburn, 
N.  Y.  His  death  was  announced  in  the  following  order: 

Headquarters  3rd  Regiment,  N.  Y.  V.  I., 
In   the   Field   near   Thoroughfare   Gap,   Va., 

August  19th,  1898. 
Orders  ^ 
No.  TO.  \ 

It  is  the  painful  duty  of  the  Commanding  Officer  to  announce 
the  death  of  First  Lieutenant  and  Adjutant  John  Aloysius 
Quigley  of  this  regiment,  who  died  at  his  home  in  Auburn. 
N.  Y..  to-day  of  typhoid  fever,  which  disease  he  contracted  while 
on  duty  with  his  regiment. 


126  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

Lieutenant  Quigley  entered  the  military  service  as  private, 
Company  E,  22ud  Regiment,  N.  G.  N.  Y.,  April  6th,  1883,  was 
promoted  to  Corporal  September  22nd,  1884,  to  Sergeant  January 
27th,  1886,  to  First  Sergeant  January  25th,  1887,  First  Lieuten 
ant  May  4th,  1887,  and  honorably  discharged  February  7th, 
1894.  He  enlisted  in  the  2nd  Separate  Company  June  5th,  1894, 
was  promoted  to  Sergeant  November  24th,  1894,  and  to  Second 
Lieutenant  March  6th,  1896,  and  volunteered  with  his  company 
on  the  first  call  for  troops  by  President  McKinley  on  May  1st, 
1898,  was  mustered  into  the  service  of  the  United  States  as  First 
Lieutenant  and  Battalion  Adjutant  May  17th,  1898.  Appointed 
Regimental  Adjutant  August  1st,  1898. 

Lieutenant  Quigley's  military  service  has  been  characterized 
by  a  wonderful  fidelity  to  duty  and  loyalty  to  the  service  in 
which  he  was  engaged.  Of  high  military  attainment,  filling  to 
the  fullest  extent  every  position  he  occupied  and  every  duty 
assigned  to  him  with  honor  and  credit  to  himself  and  to  his 
organization.  Personally  of  a  retiring  disposition,  but  withal 
a  most  genial  and  companionable  man,  honorable  and  brave  to 
the  highest  degree  and  fulfilling  the  highest  ideal  of  a  man  and 
soldier.  By  his  genial  and  happy  ways  and  the  many  friendly 
acts  he  has  performed  he  has  endeared  himself  to  every  member 
of  the  regiment. 

The  usual  badge  of  mourning  will  be  worn  by  the  officers  of  the 
regiment  for  thirty  days. 

By  order  of  Colonel  Hoffman : 

FRANK  B.  SMITH, 
Acting  Regimental  Adjutant. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  127 

The  deaths  of  these  two  excellent  officers  caused  great  sorrow 
throughout  the  command.  Both  were  exceedingly  popular  among 
officers  and  men  alike.  The  only  other  officer  to  give  up  his  life 
in  the  service  was  Second  Lieutenant  Clarence  E.  Brayton,  who 
died  of  typhoid  fever  on  September  20th,  at  Harrisburg,  Pa., 
after  the  regiment  left  Camp  Meade.  He  died  without  knowing 
of  his  promotion  to  Second  Lieutenant,  he  having  served  with 
great  efficiency  as  Sergeant-Major. 

Several  other  deaths  occurred  among  the  enlisted  men  after 
the  companies  were  mustered  out  of  the  service,  typhoid  fever 
having  developed  during  the  period  of  furlough.  Private  Thomas 
D.  Gill,  of  Oswego,  Company  D,  died  of  quick  consumption  the 
day  after  his  company  left  the  service. 

This  completes  the  record  of  the  3rd  New  York  Volunteer 
Infantry,  unquestionably  one  of  the  best  that  New  York  sent 
into  the  service.  Made  up,  as  it  was,  of  separate  companies, 
which  always  maintained  the  highest  standard,  it  followed  that 
the  regimental  standard  should  be  high  also.  As  an  evidence 
of  the  esprit  de  corps  in  the  regiment  it  is  noted  that  it  was  in 
service  more  than  three  months  before  it  became  necessary  to 
discipline  a  single  member  through  the  medium  of  a  summary 
or  delinquency  court.  Officers  and  men  alike  worked  to  a  com 
mon  end.  It  attained  a  high  degree  of  efficiency  in  drill  and  disci 
pline,  and,  had  the  fortunes  of  war  thrown  it  into  conflict,  it 
would  have  acquitted  itself  with  honor  and  credit  alike  to  the 
National  Guard  and  to  the  State  of  New  York. 


128  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

HISTORY  OF  THE  SIXTY-NINTH  REGIMENT,  NEW  YORK 

VOLUNTEERS. 

Headquarters  69th  N.  Y.  Vol.   Infy, 

Camp   U.   S.   Troops/  Tampa,  Florida, 

June  23rd,  1898. 
Hugh  Hastings,  Esq.,  State  Historian,  Albany,  N.  Y. : 

Dear  Sir. —  Inclosed  please  find  a  report  of  our  doings  for  the 
first  month  that  we  have  been  in  camp.  I  send  this  in  compli 
ance  with  your  suggestion  of  the  31st  ult.,  and  will  continue  to 
send  reports  in  monthly. 

Very  respectfully  yours, 

EDWARD  DUFFY, 
Colonel  69th  N.  Yr.   Vol.  Infantry,  Commanding. 

On  Monday,  April  25th,  I  received  a  telegram  from  General 
Charles  F.  Roe,  commanding  Fifth  Brigade,  National  Guard 
New  York,  requesting  information  as  to  the  number  of  officers 
and  men  of  the  Sixty-ninth  who  would  volunteer  to  serve  in  the 
armies  of  the  United  States  for  a  period  of  two  years,  unless 
sooner  discharged.  On  the  following  day  at  noon  I  reported, 
personally,  to  General  Roe  that  the  Sixty-ninth  Regiment  would 
volunteer  to  a  unit  to  serve  anywhere  that  the  country  might 
require  its  services.  The  regiment  at  that  time  consisted  of 
eight  companies,  numbering  31  officers  and  529  enlisted  men. 

I  was  at  once  directed  by  Adjutant-General  Tillinghast  to 
recruit  the  regiment  to  twelve  companies,  of  three  officers  and 
eighty-one  men  each. 

The  work  was  begun  without  delay,  and  on  Monday  morning, 
May  2nd,  the  regiment  marched  from  its  armory  with  full  ranks 
and  proceeded  to  Camp  Black  at  Hempstead  Plains,  Long 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  129 

Island,  New  York,  reporting  to  General  Roe.  On  arrival  at  that 
point  tents  were  pitched  and  the  work  of  drilling  and  equipping 
the  regiment  for  active  service  was  begun.  The  roster  of  the 
officers  of  the  regiment  at  this  time  was  as  follows: 

Edward  Duffy,  Colonel. 

Joseph  L.  Donovan,  Lieutenant-Colonel. 

Thomas  F.  Lynch,  Major  First  Battalion. 

Michael  J.  Spellman,  Major  Second  Battalion. 

John  A.  Davidson,  Regimental  Adjutant. 

John  A.  Delaney,  Regimental  Quartermaster. 

George  W.  Collins,  Surgeon. 

Frank  L.  R.  Tettaniore,  Assistant  Surgeon. 

William  J.  B.  Daly,  Chaplain. 

COMPANY    A. 

Michael  Lynch,  Captain. 

Patrick  M.  Haran,  First  Lieutenant. 

William  F.  Guilfoyle,  Second  Lieutenant. 

COMPANY  B. 

Edward  T.  McCrystal,  Captain. 
John  J.  Henry,  First  Lieutenant. 
Mortimer  M.  O'Sullivan,  Second  Lieutenant. 

COMPANY  c. 
— ,  Captain. 


Thomas  J.  Quinn,  First  Lieutenant. 
Patrick  McKenna,  Second  Lieutenant. 

COMPANY   D. 

James  Plunket,  Captain. 

Christopher  H.  R.  Woodward,  First  Lieutenant. 

James  J.  Tuite,  Second  Lieutenant. 
9 


130  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

COMPANY  E. 

John  E.  O'Brien,  Captain. 
Nicholas  J.  Ryan,  First  Lieutenant. 
John  F.  Bolger,  Second  Lieutenant. 

COMPANY  F. 

Thomas  J.  Griffin,  Captain. 
Philip  E.  Reville,  First  Lieutenant. 
James  H.  Little,  Second  Lieutenant. 

COMPANY   G. 

John  E.  Duffy.  Captain. 

James  M.  Cronin,  First  Lieutenant. 

Bernard  F.  Cummings,  Second  Lieutenant. 

COMPANY  H. 

Daniel  C.  Devlin,  Captain. 
T.  Hill  Leary,  First  Lieutenant. 
Peter  W.  Maguire,  Second  Lieutenant. 

COMPANY   I. 

Charles  Healy,  Captain. 

Patrick  J.  Molahan,  First  Lieutenant. 

Granville  T.  Emmett,  Second  Lieutenant. 

COMPANY  K. 

Daniel  McCarthy,  Captain. 
Francis  J.  Keaney,  First  Lieutenant. 
Edward  P.  Giigar,  Second  Lieutenant. 

COMPANY    L. 

Hugh  J.  Barron,  Captain. 

William  J.  P.  McCrystal,  First  Lieutenant. 

Francis  J.  Cronin,  Second  Lieutenant. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  131 

COMPANY  M. 

John  J.  Roche,  Captain. 
John  J.  Kennedy,  First  Lieutenant. 
John  P.  Devane,  Second  Lieutenant. 

During  the  next  twenty-two  days  much  was  accomplished, 
notwithstanding  the  unprecedented  inclemency  of  the  weather. 
For  the  season  of  the  year  the  cold  and  almost  continuous  rain 
was  unparalleled  in  the  history  of  the  vicinity,  and,  consequently, 
worked  many  hardships  that  were  entirely  unexpected  at  that 
time.  That  no  serious  illness  resulted  from  the  long  exposure 
proves  the  hardiness  of  the  command,  and  that  its  numerical 
strength  never  lessened  gives  additional  evidence  that  in  case 
of  need  its  services  to  the  country  would  be  such  as  to  sustain 
its  noble  traditions. 

On  Monday,  May  16th,  the  first  list  of  recommended  promo 
tions  while  in  the  field  was  sent  to  Governor  Black,  being 
intended  to  fill  vacancies  in  the  field  and  staff  of  the  regiment. 
This  list  read  as  follows: 

First  Lieutenant  John  J.  Kennedy  to  be  Captain  of  Companv  C. 

First  Lieutenant  John  J.  Ryan  to  be  Captain  of  Company  E. 

Second  Lieutenant  Edward  P.  Gilgar  to  be  First  Lieutenant 
and  Battalion  Adjutant. 

Second  Lieutenant  John  F.  Bolger  to  be  First  Lieutenant  of 
Company  E. 

John  P.  Devane  to  be  First  Lieutenant  of  Company  M. 

Sergeant-Major  John  P.  Scanlon  to  be  Second  Lieutenant  of 
Company  E. 

First  Sergeant  L.  J.  F.  Rooney  to  be  Second  Lieutenant  of 
Company  M. 


132  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

On  Thursday,  May  19th,  the  regiment  was  mustered  into  the 
service  of  the  United  States  by  battalions  amid  the  greatest 
enthusiasm  of  officers  and  men,  an  especial  pride  being  shown 
in  the  fact  that  every  member  of  the  regiment  who  had  passed 
the  Surgeon's  physical  examination  answered  his  name  as  the 
Mustering  Officer  called  it  and  took  the  oath  of  fealty  to  the 
Government.  The  Mustering  Officer  on  this  occasion  was  Cap 
tain  Schuyler,  United  States  Army. 

After  the  ceremony  of  mustering  on  May  19th  the  regiment 
was  presented  with  a  handsome  stand  of  colors  by  "  The  Friendly 
Sons  of  St.  Patrick/'  of  the  city  of  New  York,  the  presentation 
address  being  made  by  Judge  James  Fitzgerald,  of  New  York 
city.  The  stand  consisted  of  the  National  and  State  emblems 
and  the  historic  green  flag  of  Ireland. 

On  Friday,  May  20th,  the  regiment  received  with  enthusiasm 
the  order  to  proceed  to  Chickamauga,  and  report  to  General 
Brooke,  U.  S.  Army,  and  on  Tuesday,  May  24th,  it  moved,  passing 
en  route  through  the  streets  of  New  York  city  from  the  Thirty- 
fourth  street  ferry  on  the  East  river  to  the  Twenty-third  street 
ferry  on  the  North  river.  During  this  parade  the  citizens  of  New 
York  city  showed  by  their  many  marks  of  appreciation  that  the 
course  of  the  regiment  in  volunteering  so  unreservedly  was 
valued  to  the  full  extent.  The  demonstrations  of  approval,  it 
must  be  said,  had  not  been  equalled  since  the  Civil  War,  and 
officers  and  men  again  determined  that  the  Empire  State  should 
not  be  disappointed  in  its  faith  in  the  Sixty-ninth. 

Embarking  on  Baltimore  and  Ohio  cars  at  Jersey  City,  the  regi 
ment  started  forward  in  three  sections.  En  route  it  passed 
through  Philadelphia,  Baltimore,  Wheeling,  W.  Va. ;  Cincinnati, 
Ohio,  and  Lexington,  Ky.,  the  citizens  of  Lexington  and  Cincin 
nati  especially  receiving  the  regiment  with  many  honors. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  133 

On  Friday,  May  27,  the  regiment  arrived  at  Chickamauga 
National  Military  Park  and  reported  to  General  Brooke  and  was 
assigned  camp  site  at  about  two  miles  from  Lytle  Station  on 
the  Southern  Eailroad. 

Here  tents  were  pitched  the  same  evening,  the  men  showing 
remarkable  proficiency  in  caring  for  themselves,  considering  that 
many  of  them  had  been  in  the  field  but  three  weeks. 

During  the  six  days'  stay  at  Chickamauga  Park  the  regiment 
improved  greatly,  special  attention  being  given  to  the  extended 
order  drill.  The  regiment  was  here  equipped  with  a  wagon 
train,  consisting  of  thirty  wagons  and  121  mules.  While  at 
Chickamauga  the  Sixty-ninth  was  attached  to  the  Second  Divis 
ion,  Third  Army  Corps. 

From  this  point  I  again  sent  to  Governor  Black  a  list  of 
names  for  promotion  as  follows: 

Captain  Edward  T.  McCrystal,  Company  B,  to  be  Major, 
original. 

Second  Lieutenant  Edward  P.  Gilgar,  Company  K,  to  be  First 
Lieutenant  (Battalion  Adjutant),  original. 

Second  Lieutenant  John  P.  Scanlon,  Company  E,  to  be  First 
Lieutenant  (Battalion  Adjutant),  original. 

Sergeaut-Major  William  G.  Massarene,  to  be  First  Lieutenant 
(Battalion  Adjutant),  original. 

Second  Lieutenant  Peter  W.  Maguire,  Company  H,  to  be  Cap 
tain  Company  B,  vice  McCrystal  promoted. 

Regimental  Quartermaster- Sergeant  Bernard  J.  Glynn,  to  be 
Second  Lieutenant  Company  E,  vice  Scanlon  promoted. 

First  Sergeant  Michael  O'Connell,  to  be  Second  Lieutenant 
Company  K,  vice  Gilgar  promoted. 

First  Sergeant  William  W.  Bryant,  to  be  Second  Lieutenant 
Company  H,  vice  Maguire  promoted. 


134  ANNUAL  REPORT  OP  THE 

On  Monday,  May  30th,  I  received  orders  from  Major-General 
Brooke  to  proceed  with  the  regiment  to  Tampa,  Florida,  and 
there  report  to  General  Carpenter,  Commanding  the  Second 
Brigade,  Second  (General  Snyder's)  Division,  Fourth  Army 
Corps,  Major  General  John  J.  Coppinger.  Thursday,  June  2nd, 
the  regiment  struck  camp  and  embarked  on  cars  of  the  Southern 
Railroad,  being  divided  into  three  sections.  The  march  from  the 
camping  ground  to  the  point  of  embarkation  at  Rossville  was 
about  six  miles,  but  the  men  carried  their  heavy  equipments 
through  the  suffocating  dust  and  intense  heat  with  a  sturdiness 
that  would  have  done  credit  to  troops  long  immured  to  the 
fatigues  of  campaigning. 

It  was  with  much  sorrow  that  the  regiment  was  obliged  to 
leave  behind  it  in  hospital  Major  Thomas  F.  Lynch  and  Lieuten 
ant  John  P.  Devane,  of  Company  M.  This  brings  us  to  the  end 
of  the  first  thirty  days  of  the  regiment's  service  in  this  campaign. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

EDWARD  DUFFY, 
Colonel  69th  N.  Y.  Vol.  Infantry,  Commanding. 

Headquarters  69th  N.  Y.  Vol.  Inf  y, 

Tampa,  Fla.,  July  20th,  1898. 
Hugh  Hastings,  Esq..  State  Historian,  Albany,  N.  Y. : 

Sir. —  In  compliance  with  your  request  of  May  31st,  1898,  I 
herewith  transmit  an  itinerary  of  our  regiment  for  the  month 
of  June,  1898. 

Very  respectfully, 

EDWARD  DUFFY, 
Colonel    69th    N.    Y.    Vol.    Infy,    Commanding. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  135 

My  last  report  to  you  closed  on  Thursday,  June  2nd,  the  regi 
ment  having  on  that  day  embarked  on  board  cars  at  Rossville, 
near  Chickamauga,  to  proceed  to  Tampa,  Florida. 

By  Saturday  afternoon  following  we  had  arrived  at  Ocala, 
Florida,  after  a  very  fatiguing  journey,  and  I  detailed  Lieutenant 
Rooney  to  proceed  to  Tampa  by  fast  train  and  report  to  General 
Carpenter  for  assignment  to  camp  site.  On  his  arrival  there  he 
was  directed  by  General  Shafter  to  report  to  General  Guy  V. 
Henry,  Commanding  Third  Division,  the  Sixty-ninth  having 
been  transferred  to  that  Division.  At  General  Shafter's  Head 
quarters  the  Sixty-ninth  was  highly  complimented  for  having 
thus  reported  in  advance  of  its  arrival  in  Tampa,  as  much  delay 
would  consequently  be  avoided  in  placing  it  in  camp.  General 
Henry  assigned  camp  site  at  Palmetto  Beach,  which  lies  about 
four  miles  east  of  Tampa. 

On  Monday  afternoon,  June  6th,  after  many  delays,  occasioned 
by  the  crowded  condition  of  the  railroad  tracks  for  many  miles 
north  ot  Tampa,  the  regiment  marched  into  camp.  Beside  it,  to 
the  (eastward,  lay  the  Thirty-second  Michigan,  Colonel  McGurrin ; 
on  the  south  the  First  Florida,  Colonel  Williams,  and  the  Second 
Georgia,  Colonel  Brown,  while  a  quarter  of  a  mile  to  the  north 
were  encamped  the  Third  Ohio,  Colonel  Anthony,  and  the  Fifth 
Ohio,  Colonel  Kennan. 

Palmetto  Beach  is  a  sandy  neck  of  land  a  few  feet  above  sea 
level,  about  half  a  mile  in  width,  shaded  here  and  there  by  pine 
and  palmetto  trees  and  covered  thickly  under  foot  with  the 
gnarled  roots  of  the  palmetto.  After  much  labor  we  succeeded 
in  digging  out  nearly  all  the  roots  within  our  camp  lines  and  also 
cleared  a  large  plain  which  we  use  for  a  drill  ground.  Up  to  the 
present  date  the  rains  have  been  so  light  that  little  or  no  incon- 


136  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

venience  has  been  suffered,  notwithstanding  the  low  level  of  our 
encampment,  but  it  is  quite  probable  that  when  the  heavier 
rains  begin  later  in  the  month  poor  drainage  will  compel  a  move 
to  higher  ground.  Light  showers  fall  nearly  every  afternoon, 
and  we  are  informed  that  the  ;<  rainy  season  "  is  nearly  upon  us. 
The  proximity-  of  the  beach  is  a  source  of  great  comfort,  as  it 
permits  bathing  to  be  indulged  in  with  but  slight  effort.  Officers 
and  men  are  gradually  becoming  acclimated  and  find  their  duties 
easier  to  perform  and  are  able  to  use  a  greater  variety  of  food. 
The  drinking  water  is  piped  from  an  artesian  well  near  at  hand, 
but  is  so  warm  that  it  must  be  iced  before  it  is  fit  to  drink. 
Like  all  artesian  water  in  this  neighborhood,  it  is  very  hard, 
but  is  strongly  indorsed  by  the  Army  Surgeons  on  account  of  its 
freedom  from  impurities. 

Shortly  after  our  arrival  the  Sixty-ninth  was  merged  with 
the  Fourth  Army  Corps,  commanded  by  General  John  J.  Cop- 
pinger.  He  has  expressed  himself  as  highly  pleased  with  the 
work  and  appearance  of  the  regiment,  as  did  also  General  Henry 
while  in  command  of  the  Third  Division. 

A  week  after  our  arrival  in  Tampa  Brigadier-General  John  N. 
Andrews,  formerly  Colonel  12th  IT.  S.  Infantry,  assumed  com 
mand  of  our  Brigade,  the  Second.  The  regiments  composing 
this  Brigade  are  the  Third  Ohio,  the  Second  Georgia  and  the 
Sixty-ninth  New  York. 

On  Saturday,  June  18th,  we  were  ordered  to  prepare  to  pro 
ceed  to  Jacksonville,  Florida,  and  on  the  following  Monday 
we  received  instructions  to  be  ready  to  embark  on  board  ships 
at  Port  Tampa.  Both  of  these  indications  of  active  service  were 
received  by  the  regiment  with  much  satisfaction,  and  a  corre 
sponding  regret  was  felt  on  their  cancellation  a  short  time  after 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  137 

each  came  to  us.  The  regiment  reported  as  being  ready  to  move 
promptly  on  receipt  of  the  above-mentioned  orders. 

On  June  25th  we  Avere  greatly  pleased  to  welcome  Colonel 
MacArthur,*  not  only  for  the  substantial  evidence  of  our  service 
which  he  brought,  but  also  that  his  kindly  offices,  we  knew, 
would  enable  us  to  pass  over  the  first  pay-day  out  of  the  State 
with  no  friction  and  great  promptness.  His  unvarying  courtesy 
was  as  delightful  to  us  as  it  seemed  pleasurable  to  himself,  and 
he  carried  with  him  on  his  departure  the  siucerest  and  heartiest 
God-speeds  of  officers  and  men.  The  State  has  now  paid  this 
regiment  in  full,  as  you,  no  doubt,  are  aware. 

On  June  24th  General  Howard  Carrollf  visited  the  Sixty-ninth 
during  his  tour  of  inspection,  and  expressed  his  satisfaction  with 
the  condition  of  the  regiment.  The  officers  and  men  wrere  glad 
to  see  General  Carroll  and  to  extend  to  him,  as  Governor  Black's 
representative,  their  most  hearty  marks  of  appreciation  for  the 
care  for  our  interests  and  welfare  which  the  Governor  was  thus 
showing.  We  had  hoped  that  General  Carroll  might  be  able 
to  stay  with  us  longer  than  he  found  it  possible,  but  we  trust 
that  he  may  again  be  detailed  by  Governor  Black  on  like  import 
ant  service  to  the  State  and  her  soldiers  in  the  field. 

On  June  27th  Brigadier-General  James  Bush  Lincoln  assumed 
command  of  our  Brigade,  General  Andrews  having  been  trans 
ferred  to  a  brigade  at  Chickamauga.  General  Lincoln  is  a 
volunteer  officer  from  Iowa,  where  he  has  been  connected  with 
the  National  Guard  for  over  twenty  years  and  Inspector-General 
of  its  forces  for  1he  past  eight  years.  Under  his  command  the 
Second  Brigade  lias  become  known  as  the  most  active  in  Tampa. 

*Colonel  Arthur  MacArthur,  Assistant  Paymaster-General,  on  the  Staff  of  Governor  Frank  S. 
Black. — STATE  HISTORIAN. 

t  Chief  of  Artillery  on  the  Staff  of  Governor  Black. — STATE  HISTORIAN. 


138  ANNUAL  KEPORT  OF  THE 

Brigade  and  regimental  drill,  together  with  theoretical  instruc 
tion,  have  their  full  share  of  attention  under  his  direction. 

An  important  change  in  the  standing  of  the  regiment  since 
my  last  report  to  you  has  been  the  addition  of  303  recruits  from 
New  York,  made  necessary  by  the  order  to  bring  all  companies 
up  to  a  standard  of  three  officers  and  eighty-one  men. 

Since  my  last  report  we  have  constructed  a  rifle  range  and 
rifle  practice  now  constitutes  a  part  of  each  day's  work. 

The  health  of  the  men  during  the  past  month  has  been  excel 
lent,  there  having  been  no  serious  illness  whatever,  and  in  this 
connection  I  am  glad  to  be  able  to  say  that  Major  Lynch  and 
Lieutenant  Devane  have  reported  for  duty,  having  recovered 
from  the  illness  which  confined  them  in  hospital  at  Chickamauga. 

The  above  report  includes  the  principal  happenings  from  June 

2nd  to  July  2nd. 

Very  respectfully, 

EDWARD  DUFFY, 

Colonel   69th   N.   Y.   Vol.    Infantry. 

Headquarters  69th  K.  Y.  Vol.  Inf  y, 

Fernandina,  Florida,  August  22,  1898. 
Hugh  Hastings,  Esq.,  State  Historian,  Albany,  N.  Y. : 

Dear  Sir. —  Inclosed  please  find  the  itinerary  of  this  regiment 
for  the  month  of  July,  1898. 

Respectfully, 

EDWARD  DUFFY, 
Colonel  69th  N.  Y.  Vol.  Infantry,  Commanding. 

Referring  to  my  last  report,  ending  July  2nd,  I  beg  to  ask 
that  you  correct  the  paragraph  relating  to  the  addition  of  three 
hundred  and  three  (303)  recruits,  to  read :  "  An  important  change 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  139 

in  the  standing  of  the  regiment  since  my  last  report  to  you  has 
been  the  addition  of  three  hundred  and  three  (303)  recruits 
from  New  York,  made  necessary  by  the  order  to  bring  all  com 
panies  up  to  a  standard  of  three  officers  and  one  hundred  and 
three  (103)  men,  from  the  former  standard  of  three  officers  and 
eighty-one  (81)  men."  In  the  copy  sent  to  you  last  month  the 
above  paragraph  may  have  been  as  above,  and,  therefore,  correct, 
but  the  copy  retained  by  me  (not  a  carbon  copy)  is  not  correct, 
and  I,  therefore,  am  in  doubt  as  to  whether  a  clerical  error  has 
been  made  or  not.  By  comparing  above  correct  paragraph  with 
copy  sent  you  the  change  may  be  made,  if  necessary. 

Shortly  after  my  last  report  a  decided  change  in  the  weather 
occurred,  and,  from  being  a  pleasant  and  healthful  camp  site, 
Palmetto  Beach,  at  Tampa,  became  a  dangerous  and  uncomfort 
able  place.  The  former  light  showers  increased  in  number  and 
finally  turned  into  torrents  of  rain.  The  level  ground  failed  to 
absorb  it  quickly  enough,  and,  there  being  no  considerable  fall 
for  drainage,  the  water  stood  deep  in  places,  and,  in  fact,  made 
a  swamp  of  the  encampment. 

For  nearly  three  weeks,  with  short  intermissions,  this  con 
tinued,  the  sick  list  increasing  gradually  through  malarial, 
typhoid  and  kindred  fever  developments.  My  strong  requests 
to  the  proper  officers  resulted  finally  in  our  being  ordered  to 
move  to  Fernandina,  Florida,  and  on  July  24th  the  regiment 
embarked  on  board  cars  at  Tampa  and  next  day  arrived  at 
Fernandina.  We  encamped  about  a  half  mile  north  of  the 
town  on  a  sandy  plateau,  covered  by  a  sparse  growth  of  grass 
and  with  sufficient  fall  for  drainage  purposes.  The  ocean  lies 
about  two  miles  to  the  east  and  affords  excellent  facilities  for 
bathing.  The  camp  is  supplied  with  water  by  mains  and  the 


140  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

water  itself,  although  strongly  impregnated  with  sulphur,  is  not 
unpleasant  and  is  recommended  for  its  purity  and  medicinal 
qualities. 

It  is  to  be  regretted  that  no  large  level  drill  ground  is  near 
at  hand  and  that  there  is  no  place  in  the  vicinity  where  target 
practice  might  be  safely  carried  on.  Extended  order  drills  in 
the  undulating  and  brush-covered  country  in  the  neighborhood 
of  the  camp,  however,  afford  very  good  practice,  although  the 
work  is  necessarily  light  on  account  of  the  heat  and  the  heavy 
marching  through  the  deep  sand. 

Our  Brigade  on  leaving  Tampa  parted  with  the  Second  Georgia 
Regiment,  Colonel  Brown,  which  was  ordered  to  remain  at 
Tampa.  The  Second  Brigade,  therefore,  contains  but  two  regi 
ments,  the  Third  Ohio  and  our  own. 

Although  we  have  been  here  only  a  week  we  have  been  very 
comfortably  established  and  find  the  climate  pleasant  and  as 
healthful  as  any  to  be  found  in  this  part  of  the  country.  The 
germs  of  disease  which  were  unquestionably  generated  during  the 
last  three  weeks  of  our  stay  at  Tampa  have  resulted  in  many 
cases  of  very  malignant  typhoid,  and  our  Surgeons  and  Hospital 
Corps  are  fighting  day  and  night  to  overcome  them.  We  have 
taken  every  precaution  possible  with  the  limited  means  at  our 
disposal,  but  have  been  obliged,  notwithstanding,  to  send  many 
men  to  Division  Hospital  for  treatment  and  care,  and  some  of 
these  men  have  been  transferred  to  hospitals  in  Atlanta,  Georgia ; 
Cincinnati,  Ohio,  and  Newport,  Kentucky. 

Leaves  of  absence  for  sickness  have  been  granted  to  Captains 
Lynch  and  Kennedy,  and  Captain  Healy  is  absent  on  a  sixty 
days'  leave  granted  by  the  War  Department. 

There  has  been  one  death,  Private  Flynn,  of  Company  C,  from 
typhoid  fever  at  Fernandina,  although  we  learn  unofficially  that 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  141 

several  other  comrades  who  have  been  transferred  to  outside 
military  hospitals  have  met  with  the  same  fate.  We  have  four 
other  critical  cases  of  typhoid  fever  now  under  our  care  in  this 
camp  and  all  efforts  are  being  made  by  our  Surgeons  to  save 
these  lives. 

Assistant  Surgeon  Oswald  has  been  appointed  Surgeon,  with 
rank  of  Major,  vice  Ramsay  resigned. 

Private  Martin  Crimmins,  First  Volunteer  Cavalry,  has  re 
ceived  a  commission  as  Second  Lieutenant  in  our  regiment,  but 
has  been  detailed  to  duty  on  the  Staff  of  General  Coppinger, 
commanding  Fourth  Army  Corps.  The  vacancy  was  created  by 
the  resignation  of  Second  Lieutenant  O'Sullivan,  Company  B. 

This  brings  me  to  August  2nd. 

Very  respectfully  yours, 

EDWARD  DUFFY, 
Colonel,  Commanding  69th  N.  Y.  Vol.  Infantry. 

Headquarters  69th  N.  Y.  Vol.  Inf  y. 

Camp   Wheeler,   Huntsville,    Ala., 

September  12th,  1898. 
Hugh  Hastings,  Esq.,  State  Historian,  Albany,  N.  Y. : 

Sir. —  Inclosed  please  find  the  itinerary  of  this  regiment  for  the 
month  of  August,  1898. 

Respectfully, 

EDWARD  DUFFY, 
Colonel  69th  N.  Y.  Vol.   Infantry,  Commanding. 

On  Wednesday,  August  10th,  Governor  Shaw,*  of  Iowa,  visited 
the  regiment,  escorted  by  our  Bridage  Commander,  General 
Lincoln. 

*  Leslie  M.  Shaw,  who  subsequently  succeeded  Lyman  J.  Gage  as  Secretary  of  the  Treasury. — 
STATE  HISTORIAN. 


142  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

Governor  Shaw  remained  with  us  several  hours  and  expressed 
himself  as  greatly  pleased  w^ith  the  appearance  of  the  men  and 
our  encampment.  Before  leaving  he  delivered  a  short  address 
full  of  admiration  and  kindly  sentiment  towards  the  Sixty-ninth. 
These  were  fully  indorsed  by  General  Lincoln  later  when  he 
paid  a  high  tribute  to  the  soldierly  qualities  of  our  organization. 

This  visit  was  one  of  the  pleasantest  we  have  had  since  coming 
into  the  field.  It  was  unexpected  and  so  cordial  in  its  nature 
that  both  officers  and  men  were  not  prepared  to  fully  express 
the  appreciation  which  they  felt  for  the  honor  the  Governor 
did  the  Sixty-ninth  in  thus  practically  spending  the  greater  part 
of  his  visit  to  Fernandina  within  its  lines.  A  hearty  welcome 
will  certainly  be  given  him  if  he  can  find  the  opportunity  to  visit 
us  in  New  York  sometime,  as  he  anticipates. 

After  arriving  in  Fernandina  the  health  of  the  regiment  began 
to  improve  gradually  and  so  continued  up  to  the  date  of  our 
departure  for  Camp  Wheeler,  Huntsville,  Alabama.  The  citi 
zens  of  Fernandina  did  everything  in  their  power  to  insure  our 
comfort,  and  we  broke  camp  with  a  feeling  of  regret  at  being 
obliged  to  sever  many  pleasant  associations  which  had  been 
formed  during  our  short  sojourn. 

On  August  12th  the  regiment  received  orders  to  proceed  to 
Huntsville,  Alabama,  and  there  go  into  camp. 

Accordingly,  on  Saturday  morning,  August  27th,  we  embarked 
on  board  cars.  The  regiment  was  separated  into  two  sections  as 
it  left  Fernandina,  but  at  Montgomery  the  railroad  found  it 
necessary  to  form  three  sections  on  account  of  the  heavier  grades 
to  be  encountered.  On  arrival  at  Montgomery  on  Sunday  morn 
ing  nearly  the  whole  of  the  command  attended  church  services. 
On  leaving  Montgomery  Companies  E  and  G  occupied  the  first 
five  cars  of  the  first  section  and  had  proceeded  about  eight  miles 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  143 

west  of  Birmingham,  Alabama,  to  a  point  near  the  town  of 
Newcastle  on  the  .Louisville  and  Nashville  Railroad,  when  sud 
denly  at  about  five  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  the  five  cars  above 
mentioned  left  the  rails  while  at  a  high  rate  of  speed  and  were 
dashed  to  pieces. 

The  wreck  occurred  in  a  "  cut/'  and  the  cars  were  thrown 
against  the  side  of  it  with  such  force  that  they  shot  high  into  the 
air  and  then  turned  bottom  up. 

It  was  found  on  examination  that  Private  Peter  Farley,  Com 
pany  G,  had  been  instantly  killed  and  that  Sergeant  Frank 
Glennon,  Company  G,  was  dying.  In  addition  twenty-six  other 
non-commissioned  officers  and  privates  and  one  civilian  teamster 
were  more  or  less  injured.  Sergeant  Glennon  died  on  the  train 
while  being  sent  to  hospital  at  Birmingham.  In  this  terrible 
scene  there  were  many  instances  of  heroism,  both  on  the  part 
of  the  wounded  and  of  those  who  aided  in  the  work  of  allevia 
tion.  Surgeons  Fichsius  and  Daley,  assisted  by  Sergeant 
Connellan,  of  the  Hospital  Corps,  deserve  special  mention  for 
the  able  and  expeditious  manner  in  which  they  handled  the 
wounded  under  very  unfavorable  conditions. 

The  injured  men  were  immediately  sent  back  to  Birmingham 
for  treatment  and  were  installed  at  Wilson  &  Brown  Infirmary, 
a  private  institution.  Fifteen  of  them  were  found  to  be  in  such 
condition  as  to  make  their  detention  there  necessary;  all  but 
three  of  these  have  since  rejoined  their  regiment. 

Considering  the  complete  manner  in  which  the  five  cars  were 
wrecked,  it  is  providential  that  the  casualty  did  not  assume 
greater  proportions.  I  have  reported  the  accident  to  my  superior 
officers  according  to  prescribed  methods  and  have  also  filed 
claims,  through  Messrs.  Bowman  &  Harsh,  of  Birmingham,  Ala 
bama,  and  John  E.  Duffy,  of  New  York,  attorneys,  on  behalf 


144  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

of  the  relatives  of  the  killed  and  for  the  wounded.  The  names 
of  the  men  and  other  particulars  connected  with  the  accident 
you  will  find  attached. 

It  is  needless  for  me  to  say  that  this  terrible  experience  has 
cast  a  gloom  over  the  entire  regiment,  coming,  as  it  did,  in  the 
trace  of  other  harrowing,  if  less  sudden,  afflictions. 

I  am  greatly  grieved  to  have  to  announce  the  death  by  typhoid 
fever  of  Corporal  Edward  Dwyer,  Company  K,  on  August  10th, 
at  Fernandina,  Florida,  and  Private  Nicholas  Duffy,  Company  B, 
in  hospital  at  same  place. 

On  Monday,  August  29th,  the  regiment  reached  Huntsville  and 
were  put  into  camp  about  a  mile  west  of  the  town  in  a  beautiful 
farming  valley.  The  soil  is  a  red  shale  and  is  covered  with  a 
short  thick  growth  of  grass.  The  encampment  drains  well,  and, 
judging  from  appearance,  the  location  should  prove  a  healthy 
one.  The  water  is  particularly  good,  being  furnished  through 
mains  from  a  magnificent  spring,  which  is  one  of  the  principal 
attractions  of  this  part  of  the  State. 

Captain  Lynch  rejoined  the  regiment,  having  entirely  recovered 
from  the  illness  which  compelled  his  return  to  New  York  some 
weeks  previously. 

On  Wednesday,  August  31st,  Governor  Black  visited  our 
encampment,  but  was  compelled  to  continue  his  journey  after  a 
very  short  stay.  He  expressed  himself  as  much  pleased  with  the 
condition  of  the  regiment  and  its  present  camp  site,  and  spoke 
some  encouraging  words  to  those  who  had  the  honor  to  see  him. 
He  was  very  sorry  that  unforeseen  delays  on  the  railroads  did 
not  permit  him  to  remain  some  hours  with  us,  as  he  had  expected. 

As  we  had  arrived  but  two  days  previously,  our  camp  was  not 
in  such  condition  as  I  would  have  liked  it  to  have  been  for  his 


STATE  HISTORIAN. 


145 


reception,  but  I  am  glad  to  note  that  he  has  spoken  since  his 
return  to  New  York  in  terms  of  satisfaction  as  to  the  health  and 
equipment  of  officers  and  men  and  the  general  standing  and 
record  of  the  regiment. 

Very  respectfully, 

EDWARD  DUFFY, 
Colonel  69th  N.  Y.   Vol.   Infantry,  Commanding. 

RETURN   OF  CASUALTIES  IN   69TH   N.   Y.   VOL.   INFANTRY,   IN   WRECK   AT 
NEWCASTLE,  ALA.,   ON  L.   &   N.   R.    R.,   ON   AUGUST   28TH,    1898. 


No 

NAMES. 

Rank. 

Co. 

Regiment  or 
Corps. 

Nature  of  casualty. 

1 

Glennon,  Frank*  .  .  . 

Sergeant.. 

G 

69th  N.  Y.  VI. 

Compound  fracture   (R.)  and 

(L)  thighs  and  hemorrhages 

compound  fracture  (R)  leg. 

2 

Farley,  Petert  

Private..  . 

G 

69th  N.  Y.  V.  I.  . 

Compression  brain  and  scalp 

wounds. 

3 

Lawlor,  Patrick  W. 

Sergeant.. 

E 

69th  N.  Y.V.I.. 

Ankle      sprained,      contusion 

baok  head. 

4 

O'Keefe,  Gerald  

Corporal.  . 

E 

69th  N.  Y.V.I. 

Laceration   (R)  hand,   contu 

sion  back  and  (R)  side,  and 

little  finger  dislocated  (R). 

5 

Carey,  John  

Private..  . 

E 

69th  N.  Y.V.I.. 

Contusion    across    chest    and 

head. 

6 

Reardon,  Thomas  .  . 

Private.  .  . 

E 

69th  N.  Y.V.I.. 

Wrenched  knee  cap  (L). 

7 

Wright,  Nicholas.  .  . 

Sergeant.. 

E 

69th  N.  Y.V.I.. 

Contusion  (L)  leg. 

S 

Pentonv,  John  

Sergeant.. 

E 

69th  N.  Y.V.I.. 

Scalp  wourfd,  left  side  head. 

9 

Merritt,  Samuel.  .  .  . 

Corporal.  . 

E 

69th  N.  Y.V.I.. 

Scalp  wound,  left  side  head. 

10 

Guthrie,  Jacob  

Musician  . 

G 

69th  N.  Y.V.I.. 

Contusion,  right  leg. 

11 

Daley,  Thomas  

Private..  . 

E 

69th  N.  Y.V.I.. 

Contusion  (L)  knee  and  back 

head. 

12 

Meade,  James  

Private.  .  . 

E 

69th  N.  Y.V.I.. 

Contusion  on  chest  and  stom 

ach. 

13 

Sherlock,  James  .  .  . 

Private.  .  . 

E 

69th  N.  Y.V.I.. 

Abrasion  on  face  and  hands, 

back  wrenched. 

14 

Crowley,  Timothy.  . 

Private.  .  . 

E 

69th  N.  Y.  V.  I.. 

Contusion  on  chest. 

15 

Kilclive,  Thomas.  .  . 

Private.  .  . 

G 

69th  N.  Y.V.I.. 

Contusion  on  face  and  chest. 

16 

O'Connell,  Michael.. 

Private.  .  . 

G 

69th  N.  Y.V.I.. 

Contusion   on    back   and  left 

hip. 

17 

Noon,  George  

Private.  . 

E 

69th  N.  Y.V.I.. 

4  and  5  ribs  left  side  fractured 

anci  contusion  left  elbow. 

18 

McMahon,  Thomas. 

Private..  . 

E 

69th  N.  Y.V.I.. 

Contusion  abdomen  and  back. 

19 
20 

Lewis,  Charles  
Donahue,  Henry  J.  . 

Private.  .  . 
Private.  .  . 

E 
E 

69th  N.  Y.V.I.. 
69th  N.  Y.  V.  I.  . 

Wrenched  left  knee  and  thigh. 
Back  and  (L)  leg  covered  with 

bruises. 

21 

Reilly,  Patrick  

Teamster. 

Wagon  Train.  .  .  . 

(L)     elbow     dislocated     and 

shoulder. 

22 

Lane,  Thoma*  

Private.  .  . 

E 

69th  N.  Y.V.I.. 

Scalp    wound    forehead    and 

contusion. 

23 

Gordon,  William  .  .  . 

Corporal.  . 

O 

69th  N.  Y.  V.  I.  . 

Wrenched  right  knee. 

24 

Manning,  John  J  .  .  . 

Sergeant  .  . 

E 

69th  N.  Y.V.I.. 

(L)   shoulder   dislocated   and 

contusion  over  spine. 

25 

Vaughan,  Michael  .  . 

Private.  .  . 

E 

69th  N.  Y.  V.  I.. 

Scalp  wound  and  large  wound 

over  (R)  forehead. 

26 

Skelly,  Thomas  J.  .  . 

Private..  . 

E 

69th  N.  Y.V.I.. 

Large  wound  over  left  eye  and 

contusion    left    thigh,    left 

arm  dislocated. 

27 

O'Keefe,  William... 

Private.  . 

G 

69th  N.  Y.V.I.. 

Back  and  stomach  bruised. 

28 

Moran  John 

Private. 

G 

69th  N.  Y.  V.  I 

Scalp  wound,   contueion   (R,) 

knee. 

20 

Doran,  Michael  

Private.  .  . 

E 

69th  N.  Y.V.I. 

Ankle  snrained  and  contusion 

left  knee. 

*Died  on  wav  to  Birmingham. 

10 


tDied  at  wreck. 


146  ANNUAL  EEPORT  OP  THE 

Headquarters  G9th  N.  Y.  V.  I. 

Camp   Albert   0.   Forse,   Huntsville,   Ala., 

November  19th,  1898. 
Mr.  Hugh  Hastings,  State  Historian,  Albany,  N.  Y. : 

Sir. —  I  have  the  honor  to  hand  you  herewith  copy  of  historical 
report  of  our  regiment  from  September  2nd  to  October  2nd;  also 
copy  of  similar  report  from  October  2nd  to  November  2nd.  I 
regret  that  these  reports  could  not  have  reached  you  sooner,  but 
we  have  so  been  overburdened  with  current  work  that  it  has  been 
impossible  for  me  to  put  the  data  in  such  shape  as  you  now  find 
it.  I  hope  in  the  future  I  will  be  able  to  hand  you  such  reports 
more  promptly. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be, 

Very  respectfully  yours, 

EDWARD  DUFFY, 

Colonel  69th  N.  Y.  V.  I. 

• 

Huritsville,  Ala.,  October  2nd,  1898. 

On  Monday,  September  5th,  a  hea,vy  wind  storm,  accompanied 
by  rain,  visited  our  encampment  and  did  some  damage  and 
caused  much  discomfort.  On  the  following  day  the  Government 
began  to  issue  lumber  for  flooring  all  the  tents  and  the  work 
was  quickly  completed  and  has  added  greatly  to  the  comfort  of 
the  men,  and,  no  doubt,  improved  the  sanitary  condition  of  the 
camp. 

The  Third  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry,  which  has  been  brigaded 
with  us  since  June,  has  returned  to  its  home  rendezvous,  Colum 
bus,  Ohio,  and  the  Sixty-ninth  Regiment,  therefore,  is  the  sole 
remaining  regiment  in  the  Second  Brigade,  Third  Division, 
Fourth  Army  Corps. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  147 

Secretary  of  War  Alger  reviewed  the  Fourth  Corps  on  the 
streets  of  Huiitsville  on  September  23rd,  in  the  presence  of  many 
thousands  of  people.  The  Sixty-ninth  had  recently  been  reuni- 
formed,  and,  as  each  company  was  able  to  turn  out  thirty-two 
files,  the  regiment  presented  a  handsome  and  solid  appearance 
that  brought  commendation  from  everyone.  Colonel  Duffy  re 
ceived  from  our  Brigade  Commander,  General  Lincoln,  a  note  of 
congratulation,  which  read  as  follows: 

"  I  desire  to  express  my  admiration  of  the  magnificent  appear 
ance  made  by  your  regiment  to-day.  The  Sixty-ninth  is  certainly 
a  fine  example  of  the  volunteer  soldier,  and  you  can  well,  with 
your  brother  officers,  feel  proud  of  so  efficient  a  regiment. 
Promptness  is  the  foundation  of  all  military  efficiency;  your 
command  was  halted  in  position  assigned  for  the  formation  for 
review  exactly  on  time.  With  best  wishes  for  yourself  and  splen 
did  command. 

Respectfully, 

(Signed)         JAMES  RUSH  LINCOLN, 

Brigadier-General,  Vols." 

The  above,  and  the  fact  that  we  paraded  nearly  1,000  officers 
and  men,  speak  for  themselves  of  the  standing  and  efficiency  of 
our  organization  to-day. 

I  am  sorry  to  have  to  record  the  resignation  of  Regimental 
Adjutant  John  A.  Davidson,  Captain  Barren,  of  Company  L,  and 
Captain  Plunket,  of  Company  D.  Second  Lieutenant  Martin 
Crimmins,  of  Company  B,  has  passed  the  Examining  Board  and 
entered  the  Regular  Army  as  Second  Lieutenant.  Second  Lieu 
tenant  Emmet,  of  Company  I,  has  been  promoted  Regimental 
Adjutant;  First  Lieutenant  McCrystal,  of  Company  L,  Captain 
of  Company  L,  and  Second  Lieutenant  Tuite,  of  Company  D,  Cap- 


148  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

tain  of  Company  D.  Second  Lieutenant  Francis  J.  Cronin,  of 
Company  L,  has  been  promoted  to  the  First  Lieutenancy  in  Com 
pany  L,  and  First  Sergeant  Thomas  F.  Keogh  to  the  Second 
Lieutenancy  of  Company  L.  First  Sergeant  Charles  J.  Crowley, 
of  Company  D,  has  been  promoted  Second  Lieutenant  of  Com 
pany  D,  and  Regimental  Sergeant-Major  Daniel  P.  Sullivan  to 
the  Second  Lieutenancy  of  Company  I. 

The  deaths  in  the  regiment  during  the  month  of  September  are 
as  follows: 

Privates  James  Tracey,  Company  A;  William  Sweeney,  Com 
pany  C;  Thomas  Young,  Company  O;  Charles  Gallagher,  Com 
pany  G;  John  J.  O'Brien,  Company  K;  John  Reilly,  Company 
M;  John  Kennedy,  Company  M. 

Of  the  above  list,  William  Sweeney  died  in  New  York  and  the 
remainder  at  the  Corps  Hospital  at  Huntsville,  Ala.  The  ter 
rible  railroad  accident  in  which  the  regiment  was  involved  and 
mentioned  in  my  last  report  has  not  resulted  in  further  deaths, 
I  am  happy  to  say.  . 

This  brings  my  report  to  October  2nd,  1898,  and  I  trust  it  will 

be  satisfactory. 

Very  respectfully, 

EDWARD  DUFFY, 

69th  Regt,  N.  Y.  V.  I. 

Huntsville,  Ala.,  November  2nd,  1898. 

So  many  changes  have  taken  place  during  the  past  month 
that  it  is  almost  impossible  to  designate  those  particular  ones 
which  may  be  of  interest  and  use  in  the  records  which  you  are 
compiling.  First  of  all,  it  may  be  noted  that  during  September 
we  have  experienced  some  cold  nights  for  which  we  were  not 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  149 

quite  prepared.  During  the  hours  of  the  days  the  weather  was 
bracing  and  for  the  most  part  very  pleasant.  Now,  that  we  have 
been  supplied  with  heavier  clothing  and  new  tents,  we  expect  to 
be  entirely  comfortable. 

We  were  all  greatly  grieved  when  we  learned  of  the  changes 
made  necessary  by  the  measures  adopted  for  the  reorganization 
of  the  army.  So  many  friendships  had  been  formed  during  our 
wanderings  that  it  seemed  as  if  we  had  known  our  friends  in  the 
Corps,  Division  and  Brigade  for  years  instead  of  for  months. 

General  John  J.  Coppinger,  always  a  warm  friend  and  admirer 
of  our  regiment,  retired  at  the  age  limit  during  October,  and  Gen 
eral  Joseph  Wheeler  assumed  command  of  the  Corps.  Before  leav 
ing  Huntsville  General  Coppinger  accepted  a  review,  which  our 
regiment  tendered  him,  and  afterward  expressed  his  thanks  for 
the  manner  in  which  the  regiment  had,  while  a  member  of  his 
Corps,  done  its  duty.  General  Carpenter,  our  former  Division 
Commander,  and  General  Lincoln,  our  Brigade  Commander,  also 
honored  us  by  accepting  reviews  before  leaving  their  old  com 
mands.  I  cannot  help  quoting  here  Special  Orders  No.  29, 
handed  down  by  General  Lincoln  a  few  days  prior  to  his  de 
parture  from  Huntsville  for  his  new  brigade  command : 

"  In  severing  my  connection  with  the  Sixty-ninth  N.  Y.  V.  I.,  as 
their  Brigade  Commander,  I  desire  to  express  my  appreciation  of 
their  soldierly  qualities  and  my  regret  in  having  them  taken 
from  command.  We  have  been  denied  a  soldier's  desire  for  ser 
vice  in  battle,  but  together  we  have  served  under  trying  circum 
stances,  and  it  is  a  pleasure  to  remember  the  cheerful  response 
you  have  ever  made  to  duty's  call.  May  God  bless  you  and  pro 
tect  you. 

(Signed)         JAMES  RUSH  LINCOLN, 

Brigadier-General,  U.  S.  V." 


150  ANNUAL  KEPORT  OF  THE 

I  hope  you  will  not  think  me  over-zealous  in  incorporating 
such  encomiums  in  my  reports  to  you,  but  I  take  it  that  these 
evidences  of  appreciation,  coming,  as  they  do,  from  our  superior 
officers,  who  see  our  work  every  day  in  the  field  and  know  us 
in  many  lights,  form  part  of  a  chain  of  our  regimental  history, 
which  it  would  be  careless  to  overlook.  In  fact,  it  seems  to  me 
that  any  praise  our  regiment  may  receive  redounds  to  the  credit 
of  our  State  in  such  great  measure  that  none  of  it  should  be 
permitted  to  pass  by  unnoticed  by  a  regimental  historian. 

At  this  writing  there  are  present  for  duty  38  officers  and  915 
men. 

I  regret  to  announce  the  following  resignations  during  October: 
Captain  and  Kegimental  Quartermaster  James  M.  Cronin,  First 
Lieutenant  and  Battalion  Adjutant  Massarene,  First  Lieutenant 
C.  H.  R.  Woodward,  all  for  business  reasons.  Second  Lieutenant 
W.  H.  Bryant's  resignation  has  also  been  accepted. 

Captain  J.  J.  Kennedy  and  First  Lieutenant  Francis  J.  Cronin 
have  returned  to  duty,  after  having  undergone  severe  illness  in 
hospital. 

We  are  now  serving  in  the  Second  Brigade,  First  Division, 
Fourth  Corps,  the  Division  being  under  command  of  General 
Chaffee,*  and  the  Brigade  under  General  Kichard  Oomba.  It 
will  be  noted  that  now  the  Corps,  Division  and  Brigade  is  each 
commanded  by  officers  who  achieved  distinction  in  Cuba  during 
the  late  active  campaign  there.  In  fact,  General  Comba,  our 
Brigade  Commander,  while  in  command  of  the  Twelfth  U.  S. 
Infantry  at  Santiago,  won  his  brigadiership. 

*Adna    R.    Chaffee,     subsequently     Lieut  en  ant -General,    United     States     Army. — STATE 
HISTOHIAN.    jj    , 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  151 

During  the  month  of  October  our  death  list  was  as  follows: 
Privates  John  F.  Donnelly,  Company  D,  at  Huntsville,  of  typhoid 
malaria;  Private  B.  Pyne,  Company  B,  died  at  Huntsville;  Pri 
vate  Thomas  Casey,  Company  F,  of  typhoid  fever. 

On  October  27th  the  War  Investigating  Commission  reached 
our  camp  and  inspected,  and  I  have  no  doubt  that  their  report 
as  to  condition  of  this  command,  both  in  the  matter  of  health 
and  equipment,  will  be  found  to  have  been  satisfactory.  I  spared 
no  pains  to  give  the  Commission  all  the  information  within  my 
power  in  answer  to  their  questions. 

Under  General  Orders  No.  77,  Corps  Headquarters,  General 
Wheeler  has  given  this  encampment  the  name  of  Camp  Albert  G. 
Forse,  "  in  honor  of  Major  Albert  G.  Forse,  First  U.  S.  Cavalry, 
who  was  killed  in  the  gallant  charge  of  the  Cavalry  Division  at 
Fort  San  Juan  July  1st,  1898." 

This  report  includes  the  matters  pertaining  to  the  regiment's 
history  from  October  2nd  to  November  2nd,  1898. 

I  trust  that  the  data  may  prove  of  interest  and  that  all  neces 
sary  points  will  be  found  covered. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be  very  respectfully, 
Your  obedient  servant, 

EDWARD  DUFFY, 

Colonel  69th  N.  Y.  V.  I. 


152  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

HISTORY    OF    THE    SEVENTY-FIRST    REGIMENT,    NEW 
YORK  VOLUNTEERS. 

EXPLANATORY  NOTE. 

A  communication  having  been  received  by  Colonel  Downs  on 
the  1st  of  June,  1898,  from  the  Hon.  Hugh  Hastings,  State  His 
torian  of  the  State  of  New  York,  with  accompanying  printed 
pamphlet  setting  forth  reasons  why  a  complete  history  of  every 
command  in  field  service  in  time  of  war  should  be  carefully  kept 
and  subsequently  put  in  the  State  archives  for  preservation,  the 
Chaplain  of  the  regiment  was  detailed  to  prepare  an  itinerary 
of  the  Seventy-first  Infantry,  New  York  Volunteers.  Due  to 
breaking  camp,  moving  and  subsequent  changes  of  orders,  it  was 
not  possible  to  begin  this  work  until  the  10th  of  June,  when  the 
regiment  was  on  board  the  transport  ship  "  Vigilancia,"  lying 
off  Fort  Tampa,  For  full  particulars  of  regimental  rosters  and 
such  information  as  would  by  military  law  be  transmitted  by 
the  Adjutant  to  brigade  or  division  headquarters  and  subse 
quently  preserved  in  places  ready  of  access,  one  will  not  naturally 
expect  a  repetition  in  the  following  history.  It  must  also  be 
borne  in  mind  that  memory  must  be  largely  put  under  requisi 
tion  in  compiling  an  account  of  the  regiment  since  the  time  of 
the  declaration  of  war  with  Spain  and  this  present  date  of  writ 
ing.  For  those  who  are  interested  it  will  be  easy  to  supplement 
these  records  by  accompanying  statistics  and  regimental  returns. 
It  may  also  be  stated  here,  by  way  of  explanation  rather  than 
extenuation,  that  with  limited  facilities  for  writing  in  camp  life, 
frequent  transportation  and  service  in  the  field  anything  more 
than  a  brief  resume  of  actual  occurrences  and  these  indited  under 
trying  and  disturbing  circumstances  may  not  be  expected. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  153 

With  this  prelude  we  begin  our  work  and  commend  its  reading 
by  those  who  may  subsequently  become  interested  in  the  daily 
life  of  over  a  thousand  men,  who,  at  their  country's  call  in  its 
time  of  need,  readily  responded  and  entered  the  United  States 
service. 

Contemporaneous  newspaper  cuttings,  not  possible  in  these 
pages  wholly  to  reproduce,  will  confirm  and  add  to  the  import 
ance  of  all  statements  made  in  this  itinerary. 

Lastly,  it  should  be  stated  that  at  the  Chaplain's  request  Pri 
vate  John  W.  French,  of  Company  F,  was  detailed  by  Colonel 
Downs  as  amanuensis,  and  will  do  all  the  writing  of  this  history. 

Subsequently  it  was  found  impossible  for  us  to  carry  this  book 
into  Cuba,  and  when  time  came  for  us  to  leave  our  copy  had  to 
be  made  of  slips  prepared  during  the  active  campaign.  Private 
French  was  unable,  on  account  of  having  yellow  fever,  to  finish 

his  work. 

GEORGE  R.  VAN  DEWATER. 

HISTORY. 

After  war  between  the  United  States  and  Spain  was  virtually 
begun  by  the  refusal  of  the  latter  nation  to  receive  a  communica 
tion  from  President  McKinley  at  the  hands  of  General  Woodford 
on  the  21st  day  of  April,  1898,  and  was  subsequently  declared 
to  have  begun  at  this  date  by  a  resolution  of  Congress,  passed 
four  days  later,  the  President  called  for  125,000  volunteers,  nam 
ing  the  quota  expected  from  New  York  State,  and  expressing  his 
preference  for  troops  already  enlisted  in  the  National  Guard. 
At  the  earliest  possible  moment,  after  being  thus  informed  by 
the  Adjutant-General  of  the  State  of  New  York,  and  request 
being  made  of  the  commanding  officers  of  the  several  regiments 


154  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

to  ascertain  how  many  of  their  command  were  ready  to  enlist, 
Colonel  Francis  Vinton  Greene,  then  commanding  the  71st 
Regiment,  N.  G.  N.  Y..  summoned  a  meeting  of  all  officers  and 
men,  assembled  them  upon  the  drill  floor,  addressed  them  briefly, 
stating  merely  the  facts  as  above  recorded  and  asking  for  ex 
pression  of  opinion  in  response.  The  scene  was  inspiring;  with 
out  a  dissenting  voice,  by  acclamation,  a  hearty  "  Aye,"  with  an 
accompanying  "  Hurrah  "  that  showed  its  undoubted  sincerity, 
the  Tlst  Regiment,  imposing  no  conditions,  asking  no  terms,  in 
the  simple  enthusiasm  of  its  old-time  wonted  loyalty,  proved 
true  to  every  tradition,  and,  not  without  much  anticipated  sacri 
fice,  gave  generous  and  hearty  response  to  its  country's  call  for 
service.  As  the  following  records  will  show  the  Seventy-first  was 
the  first  regiment,  not  only  in  the  Empire  State,  but  in  the  whole 
United  States,  thus  favorably  to  respond  to  its  ruler's  request, 
and  that  it  did  it  unanimously  is  greatly  to  its  credit  and  renown. 
As  further  records  will  testify,  it  was  also  the  first  regiment  in 
the  United  States  to  proceed  to  a  camp  for  mobilization  and 
muster.  It  was  the  first  also  to  be  mustered  into  the  volunteer 
service  of  the  country,  and  the  first  New  York  troops  to  leave  for 
the  seat  of  war. 

Agreeable  to  the  terms  of  the  Hull  bill,  requiring  a  three  bat 
talion  formation  of  four  companies  each  for  every  regiment,  it 
was  necessary  to  add  two  companies  to  make  the  Seventy-first, 
which  had  been  a  regiment  of  ten  companies,  of  100  men  each, 
to  conform  to  new  requirements.  In  six  days  all  twelve  com 
panies  were  enlisted  to  their  full  strength,  and  in  readiness  to 
obey  the  order  of  the  Adjutant-General  to  proceed  to  Camp 
Black,  near  Hempstead.  Arrangements  had  been  made  previous 
to  these  sudden  and  unforeseen  war  orders  for  the  regiment  to 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  155 

attend  divine  service,  as  is  its  annual  custom,  in  St.  Andrew's 
Church,  Harlem,  but  consideration  for  the  comfort  and  con 
venience  of  the  men,  who  had  so  quickly  to  make  ready  to  leave 
home  and  business  for  an  extended  tour  of  duty,  caused  the 
Colonel  to  give  orders  at  a  late  hour  on  the  Saturday  previous 
that  the  service  would  be  omitted.  On  Monday  morning,  May 
the  2nd,  promptly  at  eight  o'clock,  the  hour  named  for  assembly, 
in  the  presence  of  thousands  of  people,  filling  the  halls  and 
galleries  of  the  armory  and  extending  into  the  streets,  the  regi 
ment  was  formed  on  the  drill  floor.  The  Colonel  gave  command 
"  Uncover  "  and  directed  Chaplain  Van  Dewater  to  advance  sev 
eral  paces  and  offer  prayer.  That  was  a  moment  never  to  be  for 
gotten  by  those  present.  Perfect  stillness  reigned  while  prayer 
for  Divine  protection  was  said.  The  moment  it  was  finished 
the  order  rang  out,  "  Column  of  fours,  first  company,  first  bat 
talion,  right  forward  fours  right,"  and  amid  the  tumultuous 
applause  of  enthusiastic  friends  the  regiment  proceeded  west  on 
Thirty-fourth  street  to  Fifth  avenue,  down  Fifth  avenue  to 
Twenty-second  street  and  proceeded  by  ferry  to  Long  Island 
City  where  train  was  taken  at  once  to  Camp  Black. 

On  Saturday  morning,  30th  of  April,  Company  H,  Captain 
Walter  I.  Joyce  commanding,  had  proceeded  to  Hempstead  and 
broken  camp.  To  this  company  must,  therefore,  be  given  the 
honor  of  being  the  first  National  Guard  troops  in  the  United 
States  to  encamp  for  the  purpose  of  examination  and  mustering 
into  the  service  of  the  Volunteer  Army. 

The  Seventy-first  Regiment  was  given  the  place  of  honor  at 
the  extreme  right  of  the  State  camp,  subsequently  named  in 
honor  of  the  Governor,  at  which  were  mobilized  at  one  time  some 
14,000  troops.  Detraining  one  mile  east  of  Garden  City  and 


156  ANNUAL  KEPORT  OF  THE 

marching  about  one-half  mile  to  the  entrance  of  the  camp, 
Colonel  Greene  had  the  companies  march  to  the  site  of  their  re 
spective  streets.  The  tents,  poles  and  pegs  were  duly  distributed 
in  their  proper  places,  and  orders  were  at  once  given  to  pitch 
tents  and  put  the  camp  in  proper  condition.  By  four  o'clock 
the  work  was  completely  finished  and  declared  well  done,  and 
the  regiment  settled  down  to  its  life  on  the  tented  field.  Within 
three  days  there  were  encamped  the  First  and  Second  Provisional 
Regiments,  made  up  of  companies  of  the  Third  Brigade,  the  69th, 
the  47th,  the  14th,  the  13th  and  the  65th  Regiments  of  the 
National  Guard.  Brigadier-Generals  George  Moore  Smith  and 
McCoskry  Butt  and  Major-General  Roe,  with  their  staffs,  were 
also  encamped  with  the  troops.  Arrangements  were  at  once  made 
by  United  States  officers,  appointed  for  the  purpose,  Major  Maus, 
Surgeon,  and  Captain  Walter  S.  Schuyler,  for  the  physical  exami 
nation  of  every  officer  and  enlisted  man  who  offered  himself  for  ser 
vice  in  the  Volunteer  Army.  Speedily  to  effect  this  purpose  three 
surgeons  were  examined  and  mustered  into  the  United  States 
service.  They  were  Major  William  D.  Bell,  Captain  James  Staf 
ford  and  Captain  H.  Eugene  Stafford,  who,  with  the  assistance 
of  several  officers  who  did  lay  work  preparing  the  papers,  thor 
oughly  examined  every  officer  and  man,  supplied  every  data  re 
quired  of  personal  history,  height,  weight,  complexion  and  marks 
of  individual  identity,  until  a  sufficient  number  had  been  passed 
to  constitute  a  legally  complete  command.  A  very  friendly 
rivalry,  increasing  in  intensity  as  the  days  wore  on,  sprang  up 
between  the  several  regiments,  each  one  earnestly  anxious  for  the 
honor  of  being  the  first  to  be  mustered  in.  By  constant  atten 
tion  and  persistent  activity  the  Colonel  and  Major  Bell,  sparing 
no  time  nor  pains  to  finish  this  work  as  speedily  as  possible, 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  157 

erecting  special  tents,  supplying  them  liberally  with  tables  and 
stationery,  and  utilizing  the  services  of  staff  officers  for  this 
important  work,  papers  at  last  were  completed,  and  on  the  after 
noon  of  the  10th  of  May  the  regiment  was  assembled  by  com 
panies,  each  man's  name  was  called  by  Captain  Schuyler,  of 
the  United  States  Army,  and  when  every  man  in  the  company 
had  responded,  advanced  thirty  paces  to  the  right  and  the  full 
company  formation  reformed,  order  was  given  by  Captain  Schuy- 
ler  to  uncover,  raise  the  right  hand,  the  oath  of  allegiance  was 
read,  each  man  responded  "  I  do."  The  mustering  officer  then 
declared,  "  You  are  now  in  the  service  of  the  'United  States/'  In 
this  manner  all  twelve  companies  were  mustered  in,  when,  in  the 
presence  of  the  entire  regiment  and  some  three  thousand  persons 
witnessing  the  solemn  ceremony,  staff  officers,  other  than  the 
surgeons,  advanced  to  the  front,  were  duly  added  to  the  number 
of  volunteers,  and  then  followed  the  mustering  in  of  the  Lieuten 
ant-Colonel  and  the  Colonel  of  the  regiment.  When  Colonel 
Greene  responded  solemnly  and  firmly  "  I  do,"  and  the  last  offi 
cial  act  in  the  ceremony  of  muster  had  finished  a  shout  went  up 
from  all  present  that  could  have  been  heard  for  miles  around. 
Few  instances  of  such  rapturous  expression  of  patriotism  and 
loyalty  have  been  experienced.  The  regiment  at  once  returned 
to  its  camp,  every  man  in  it  realizing  his  changed  relation  to  his 
country,  understanding  full  well  the  sacrifices  that  would  be  re 
quired  and  resolutely  resolved  unflinchingly  to  make  them. 

During  these  days  when  attention  seemed  chiefly  directed  to 
the  preparations  for  muster  full  camp  duty  was  required  of 
every  man  and  regular  routine  of  drill  and  other  exercises  were 
observed.  There  was  scarcely  an  idle  hour  of  the  day.  Discipline 
from  the  beginning  was  rigid ;  none  were  allowed  to  leave  the  camp 


158  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

or  to  go  to  New  York,  except  for  specific  duty  or  on  special  detail. 
Criticism  of  such  rigorous  discipline  was  plentiful  and  severe, 
newspapers  joined  with  friends  of  the  regiment  in  their  con 
demnation  of  what  seemed  unnecessary  severity.  But  Colonel 
Greene,  with  his  varied  and  extensive  experience  in  the  United 
States  and  other  armies,  persistently  declined  to  make  discipline 
more  lax;  and,  as  a  result,  in  ten  days'  time  the  very  people 
and  the  newspapers  most  loud  in  condemnation  of  these  disci 
plinary  measures  were  loudest  in  their  praise  of  the  magnificent 
military  bearing  and  condition  which  these  very  measures  had 
effected.  The  boys  never  allowed  themselves  to  forget  that  the 
Seventy-first,  the  first  regiment  in  the  United  States  favorably 
to  answer  the  President's  call  to  duty,  was  also  the  first  in  the 
Empire  State  to  be  mustered  into  the  service  of  the  volunteer 
army.  Scarcely  one  of  the  ten  days  that  the  regiment  was  at 
Camp  Black  was  pleasant  or  clear;  besides  being  most  unsea 
sonably  cold  there  were  rain  storms,  the  like  of  which  the  memory 
of  the  oldest  inhabitant  failed  to  recall.  The  stormiest  day  of 
all  was  Sunday,  the  8th  of  May,  when,  from  morning  till  night, 
without  a  moment's  cessation,  it  blew  a  forty-mile  gale  and 
rained  in  torrents.  The  Chaplain  had  hoped  to  have  a  com 
munion  service  at  an  early  hour  of  the  morning  and  subsequently 
a  general  service,  with  a  sermon  for  the  regiment  in  the  open 
air.  Neither  was  possible.  The  best  that  could  be  done  was  to 
have  brief  service  in  the  Hospital  tent  for  the  sick,  in  which 
the  Hospital  Corps  gladly  and  cordially  joined,  and  subsequently 
in  the  Adjutant's  tent,  where  several  had  huddled  in  a  vain  effort 
to  keep  dry,  hymns  were  sung  and  prayers  said.  During  the  day 
many  of  the  tents  of  the  different  regiments  blew  down  and 
hundreds  were  drenched  to  their  skins,  but  in  the  Seventy- first 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  159 

the  work  of  pitching  tents  had  been  so  wisely  directed  and  so 
thoroughly  well  done  that,  though  many  wavered,  not  one  fell. 
For  this  the  regiment  received  a  special  commendation  from 
Major-General  Roe,  commanding  the  troops  in  the  encampment. 
From  the  very  beginning  rations  were  served  to  companies ;  each 
was  obliged  to  do  its  own  cooking,  and  exactly  the  same  condi 
tions  which  prevail  in  the  life  of  the  regular  army  existed  here. 
Naturally  enough,  time  was  required  and  much  grumbling  en 
dured  before  anything  like  satisfaction  was  secured  in  the  Com 
missary  Department.  Indeed,  weeks  later  complaints  were  not 
infrequently  heard  from  the  men  that  the  food  was  insufficient, 
of  poor  quality,  no  variety  and  generally  unsatisfactory.  Com 
munications  were,  unfortunately,  sent  to  home  papers  by  mem 
bers  of  the  regiment,  which,  though  containing  some  truth,  were 
likely  to  give  very  wrong  impressions  and  cause  no  end  of  need 
less  worry. 

After  six  weeks'  experience  one  is  enabled  to  tell  the  truth 
about  this  matter.  Whatever  may  have  been  the  faults  of  the 
Government,  commissary  supplies  have  been  generous  from  the 
beginning.  Whenever  men  have  gone  hungry  it  has  been  un 
avoidable,  for  one  meal  only,  and  officers  have  shared  hunger 
with  the  men.  This  has  not  happened,  except  when  the  regiment 
was  in  transitu.  No  doubt  there  have  been  cases  when  coffee 
has  been  bad,  meat  poorly  cooked,  some  men  had  too  little  to 
eat  and  some  even  nothing;  but  the  fault  has  invariably  been 
ignorance  on  the  part  of  the  Quartermaster- Sergeants,  ineffi 
ciency  of  company  cooks  or  lack  of  proper  attention  by  company 
commanders.  Generations  of  experience  have  taught  the  Govern 
ment  what  kinds  and  how  much  of  food  are  best  for  soldiers; 
and  those  who  rigidly  conform  to  its  conditions,  however  hard 


160  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

may  be  the  discipline  at  first,  make  the  best  soldiers.  The 
experience  of  surgeons  in  any  regiment  warrants  the  statement 
that  the  healthiest  men  in  the  command  are  those  who  had 
nothing  but  what  the  Government  supplies.  They  may  do  a 
lot  of  grumbling  —  this  is  a  soldier's  prerogative  —  but  they  also 
do  a  lot  of  work,  and  this  is  a  soldier's  duty.  Soldiers  who  are 
crying  for  sugar-plums  and  dainties  from  home  are  the  quickest 
to  report  with  colic  or  something  worse  at  the  sick  call.  Bat 
talion  messes  were  established  from  the  beginning,  and  the  officers 
of  the  field  and  staff  constituted  a  separate  mess,  of  which  the 
Colonel  detailed  the  Chaplain  to  act  as  caterer.  At  the  Colonel's 
request  and  by  his  preference  the  fare  of  the  latter  mess  was 
exceedingly  simple  and  substantial,  and  the  same  army  biscuit 
that  was  supplied  to  the  soldiers  was  used  by  him  and  the  officers 
solely  for  bread. 

From  the  beginning  of  the  encampment  near  Hempstead  visit 
ors  from  all  portions  of  the  country  adjacent  were  numerous, 
nothing  but  storm  deterring  them.  Up  to  the  time  the  regiment 
left  camp  for  the  South  the  largest  number  of  visitors  assem 
bled  in  the  afternoon  of  May  llth,  when  Governor  Black  reviewed 
the  troops,  assisted  in  this  function  by  Major-General  Eoe  and 
his  entire  staff.  The  band  of  Squadron  A  furnished  the  music 
for  this  occasion.  None  but  those  who  had  seen  large  armies 
in  the  Civil  War  had  ever  seen  so  large  a  number  of  troops 
together,  full  fifteen  thousand  participating  in  this  review.  Of 
all  the  regiments  there  assembled,  the  Seventy-first  was  the  only 
one  belonging  to  the  volunteer  army  of  the  United  States. 
Major-General  Roe,  therefore,  designated  the  right  of  line  as  its 
proper  place  in  review,  thus  bestowing  upon  it  both  deserved 
and  distinguished  honor.  As  the  regiment  passed  other  com- 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  161 

mands  in  the  process  of  formation  abundant  applause  of  officers 
and  soldiers  testified  to  the  cordial  appreciation  of  its  merits 
and  the  esteem  in  which  it  was  held.  As  the  regiment  passed 
in  review  the  deafening  applause  of  thousands  of  citizens  who 
surrounded  the  troops  on  both  sides  showed  what  place  we  had 
in  the  hearts  of  the  citizens.  The  sight  of  a  solid  body  of  troops 
extending  along  the  prairie  surface  for  some  four  miles  gave  eye 
witnesses  the  first  ocular  indication  they  had  of  the  reality  of  the 
impending  struggle  with  Spain. 

Nothing  of  sufficient  importance  to  justify  record  occurred 
until  after  "  taps  "  of  Wednesday,  the  llth  instant,  when  Major 
Avery  I).  Andrews,  Commandant  of  Squadron  A,  temporarily 
detailed  to  General  Roe,  came  to  headquarters  and  gave  orders 
to  proceed  to  Tampa,  taking  train  the  next  afternoon  at  four 
o'clock.  The  Chaplain  happened  to  be  in  the  Colonel's  tent  at 
this  time,  and  was  particularly  impressed  with  the  coolness  and 
good  judgment  of  the  Commanding  Officer,  who,  knowing  what 
work  and  labor  were  involved  in  striking  tents,  handling  goods 
and  moving  to  transports,  decided  at  once  to  say  nothing  about 
the  orders  until  "  reveille,"  and  suggested  that  we  at  once  say 
good-night  and  retire  to  our  rest.  Officers'  call  was  almost  simul 
taneous  with  "  reveille "  the  next  morning.  Scarcely  had  the 
officers  assembled  and  the  news  been  imparted  when  it  was  quickly 
spreaVl  throughout  the  streets  of  the  camp  and  shouts  of  approval 
were  heard  from  every  quarter. 

Before  detailing  the  removal  of  the  regiment  from  Camp 
Black,  the  method  by  which  water  was  permanently  intro 
duced  into  the  entire  camp  deserves  mention.  In  a  body 
of  a  thousand  men  it  will  always  happen  that  the  several  pro 
fessions  and  vocations  of  life  will  be  more  or  less  represented. 
11 


162  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

Writing  now,  after  an  experience  of  six  weeks,  under  circum 
stances  that  have  called  into  requisition  every  variety  of  occupa 
tion,  it  seems  to  us  that  the  personnel  of  the  Seventy-first  Regi 
ment  is  most  remarkably  representative.  One  might  well  give  the 
challenge  to  name  any  profession,  occupation  or  trade  that  is  not 
represented  by  more  than  one  competent  man  in  the  command. 
Even  a  locomotive  engineer  could  be  detailed,  if  required ;  lawyers, 
doctors,  dentists,  school  teachers,  carpenters,  joiners,  tailors,, 
barbers,  electricians,  veterinary  surgeons  and  civil  engineers  sup 
ply  such  a  quota  of  strength  that  the  Seventy-first  might  be  said 
to  be  cosmopolitan.  Water  is  a  great  consideration  in  a  well- 
equipped  camp.  It  is,  indeed,  the  first  thing  thought  of  by  one 
selecting  a  site  for  an  encampment.  In  the  limited  time  allowed 
for  preparation  at  Camp  Black  before  the  arrival  of  troops  the 
contractor  to  supply  the  camp  with  water  conducted  from  the 
reservoir  at  Hempstead,  in  pipes  laid  along  the  surface  of  the 
plains,  had  been  utterly  unable  to  finish  his  work.  Colonel 
Greene  discovered  soon  after  arriving  at  camp  that  this  work 
must  be  speedily  done,  and  that  the  contractor  was  incompetent 
to  do  it.  The  Colonel  at  once  communicated  with  Major-General 
Roe,  and,  knowing  what  material  he  had  at  his  command,  sug 
gested  that  a  competent  detail  be  made  at  once  to  attend  to  this 
matter.  Major  General  Roe  detailed  Captain  Wells,  of  Com 
pany  F,  a  civil  engineer,  as  well  as  lawyer,  by  profession,,  who, 
with  a  force  of  one  hundred  and  twenty  men,  sixty-five  of  whom 
were  from  our  own  regiment,  and  most  of  them  engineers,  by 
working  day  and  night,  in  less  than  twenty-four  hours  had  the 
pipes  all  laid  and  an  abundant  supply  of  water  introduced  all 
along  the  four  miles'  length  of  camp. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  163 

Everyone  began  to  make  ready  to  move  immediately  after  mess 
on    the    morning    of    the    12th,    anticipating    the    impossibility 
of  doing  much  work,  when  relatives  and  friends  would  flock  in 
early  trains  to  say  final   farewells.     Could  all  the   subsequent 
delays  have  been  anticipated  and  the  many  repeated  opportuni 
ties  to  say  good-bye  been  known,  the  farewells  of  that  afternoon 
would  have  lost  much  of  their  unction.     Promptly  at  the  time 
mentioned  in  orders  the  regiment  proceeded  in  heavy  marching 
order,  preceded  by  Squadron  A  band,  to  the  Long  Island  Rail 
road  terminus  near  Camp  Black,  there  to  discover  that  a  large 
supply  of  ammunition  had  just  arrived  and  must  be  transferred 
to  train  before  its  departure.     It  was  seven  o'clock  before  the 
trains  finally  moved  out  and  ten  o'clock  before  we  reached  Long 
Island  City.     It  was  here  that  we  began  first  to  experience  the 
absolute   incompetency    of    Government   quartermaster   officials, 
which  lias  since,  on  several  occasions,  been  the  occasion  of  much 
needless  fatigue  and  an  ever-increasing  surprise.    It  is  the  duty 
of  a  good  soldier  not  to  criticise  superior  officers ;  but,  at  the  risk 
of  being  court-martialed,  we  venture  the  opinion  that  a  com 
mittee  from  a  kindergarten  school  could  better  arrange  for  the 
transportation  of  troops  and  luggage  than  those  in  authority 
have  done  since  the  beginning  of  our  war  with  Spain.     It  is  the 
general   belief  throughout   the    country,   entertained   mostly   by 
those  who  have  had  most  experience  with  the  army,  that  the 
managers  of  this  department  of  the  Government  are  either  fools 
or  knaves,  or  maybe  both.     Transport  ships  of  the  Ward  Line 
had  been  engaged  to  convey  the  2nd  Massachusetts  Infantry  and 
the  71st  New  York  to  Tampa.     No  arrangements  whatever  had 
been  made  for  transporting  the  Seventy-first  from  the  depot  at 


164  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

Long  Island  City  to  the  transport  ships.  It  was  subsequently 
rumored  that  these  ships  had  been  ordered  to  the  ferry  slips  at 
Long  Island  City  to  take  troops  direct  from  the  trains.  If  any 
such  orders  were  ever  given,  the  captains  did  perfectly  right  to 
ignore  them.  Anyone  with  a  child's  knowledge  of  naval  archi 
tecture  and  local  surroundings  knows  how  impossible  it  would 
be  to  obey  such  orders.  It  was  not  until  3.30  a.  m.,  on  Friday, 
the  13th  instant,  that  we  were  able  to  secure  transportation  by 
a  ferry-boat  to  the  transport  ships  lying  off  Bedloe  Island.  The 
labor  of  handling  all  the  luggage  from  train  to  ferry-boat  and 
subsequently  to  transfer  it  all  to  transport  was  immense.  It  was 
daylight  when  everyone,  absolutely  tired  out,  who  possibly  could 
get  away  to  rest,  retired  for  needful  slumber. 

Instead  of  proceeding  to  Tampa  by  sea,  word  soon  came  that 
Spanisli  ships  had  been  sighted  off  the  Massachusetts  coast,  and 
that  the  Government,  fearing  serious  consequences  to  the  troops, 
had  decided  to  transport  them  by  rail.  It  is  unnecessary  here 
to  describe  in  detail  the  provoking  delays,  the  weary  waiting,  the 
many  inconveniences  of  temporized  bunks,  lack  of  water,  poorly 
cooked  food,  two  further  transferences  of  luggage,  before  finally 
our  trains  pulled  out  from  Jersey  City  at  11  o'clock  on  Saturday 
night,  the  14th  of  May,  when,  as  everyone  supposed,  we  were 
going  directly  to  Tampa.  This  trip  was  not  especially  eventful. 
The  regiment  went  in  three  sections,  Colonel  Greene  in  charge 
of  the  first,  Lieutenant-Colonel  Downs  of  the  second  and  Major 
Clinton  H.  Smith  of  the  third. 

Subsequent  investigation  showed  that,  notwithstanding  all  the 
companies  were  somewhat  recruited  the  week  before  we  started 
for  Camp  Black  and  the  two  new  companies,  L  and  M,  entirely 
so,  notwithstanding  the  severe  physical  examinations,  but  ten 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  165 

per  cent  of  all  applications  for  enlistment  in  the  Seventy-first 
Regiment  were  rejected.  Just  before  leaving  the  armory  on  the 
morning  of  May  2nd  word  came  from  division  hedquarters  as 
signing  to  the  special  care  of  the  armory  the  then  Senior  Major 
of  the  Regiment,  Augustus  T.  Francis,  who  subsequently,  in  ac 
cordance  with  special  orders  from  the  Adjutant-General's  office, 
recruited  a  new  regiment,  mustered  in  as  the  One  Hundred  and 
Seventy-first  and  was  commissioned  Colonel  of  the  same.  The 
officers  for  this  new  regiment  were  made  up  largely  of  men  of  the 
Seventy-first  who  found  it  impossible  to  go  to  the  war  and  are 
veterans  of  the  regiment.  In  this  way  many  junior  officers  at 
tained  high  rank  instant  er,  so  to  speak.  To  those  who,  not 
without  much  sacrifice,  in  a  spirit  of  generous  patriotism  and 
honest  loyalty,  had  enlisted  and  gone  to  the  war,  retaining  former 
rank,  or,  as  in  some  instances,  accepting  a  lower  rank  rather 
than  decline  a  duty,  such  rapid  advancement  of  the  stay-at-homes 
seemed  very  unjust  and  provoked  much  ill-feeling.  While  first 
and  second  lieutenants  of  years'  standing  in  the  regiment  were 
risking  their  lives  in  defense  of  their  country,  with  little  prospect 
of  promotion,  and  small  chance  of  gratifying  a  reasonable  ambi 
tion,  mere  boys  at  home  were  made  lieutenants,  beardless  youth 
promoted  to  captaincies,  and  those  reveling  in  the  luxury  of  their 
business  rewarded  with  high  rank.  There  is  but  one  solace  for 
this  sad  state  of  affairs.  It  lies  in  the  joyful  anticipation  when 
"  Johnny  comes  marching  home  "  of  clearing  out  the  novices  who 
have  taken  possession  of  our  armory  and  reinstating  ourselves  in 
our  rightful  possessions. 

Major  E.  T.  T.  March,  who  had  been  Surgeon  of  the  71st  Regi 
ment  for  thirteen  years,  and  who,  for  excellent  reasons,  was 
unable  to  go  with  the  regiment  to  the  front,  and  Major  Augustus 


166  ANNUAL  EEPORT  or  THE 

T.  Francis,  who  had  been  connected  with  the  regiment  for  over 
forty  years,  did  honorable  duty  in  connection  with  the  regiment 
in  the  Civil  War,  who  wanted  to  go  to  the  front  and  was  seriously 
disappointed  that  he  could  not  because  of  the  special  detail 
referred  to  above,  form  honorable  exceptions  to  the  officers  re 
ferred  to  as  ;i  stay-at-homes.'' 

During  the  trip  to  Tampa,  or  as  was  supposed  to  Tampa,  men 
subsisted  on  travel  rations,  securing  hot  coffee  at  stations  three 
times  a  day  or  endeavoring  to,  at  which  times  they  were  allowed 
to  leave  the  trains  and  line  up  in  companies  to  receive  it.  The 
officers,  for  whom  a  sleeper  was  provided  with  each  section,  pro 
vided  their  own  mess.  Arriving  in  Washington  early  Sunday 
morning,  after  waiting  one  hour,  trains  proceeded  through  the 
country  on  to  Richmond,  almost  every  spot  of  which  had  been 
made  sacred  by  important  events  connected  with  the  Civil  War. 
Beyond  Richmond  there  is  nothing  in  the  terrestrial  prospect 
particularly  to  please.  Delays  were  more  or  less  frequent  after 
leaving  Savannah,  ^ind  it  was  not  until  Tuesday,  the  17th  of  May, 
that  this  journey  ended — not  at  Tampa,  as  was  originally  de 
signed,  but  at  Lakeland,  thirty-five  miles  this  side  of  Tampa, 
in  the  most  mountainous  district  of  Florida,  some  250  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  sea,  in  a  region  of  lakes  and  pine  forests,  which 
made  it,  as  a  place  of  encampment,  exceedingly  healthful  and 
picturesque.  As  soon  as  the  first  section  landed,  the  Colonel 
detailed  the  Chaplain  to  proceed  to  Tampa  by  ordinary  passenger 
train,  which  left  shortly,  to  provision  for  the  officers'  mess,  Lake 
land,  a  town  of  1,000  inhabitants,  having  already  exhausted  its 
resources  in  supplying  the  wants  of  several  cavalry  regiments 
there  encamped.  On  train  to  Tampa  the  Chaplain  was  delighted 
to  meet  Brigadier-General  Young,*  of  2nd  Cavalry  Brigade,  with 
which  the  Seventy-first  had  been  temporarily  brigaded,  and  also 


*Sam-jcl  B.  M.  Young,  subsequently  Lieu  tenant -General,  United  States  Army,  who  succeeded 
General  Nelson  A.  Mile;~. — STATE  HISTORIAN. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  167 

Major  Hayes,  of  the  1st  Ohio  Cavalry,  an  old  acquaintance  as  a 
fellow-student  at  Cornell  and  son  of  ex-President  Hayes,  both 
of  whom  spoke  enthusiastically  of  the  excellent  reputation  the 
71st  Regiment  had  among  the  regulars,  and  in  what  high  esteem 
its  Colonel  was  held  by  the  authorities  at  Washington. 

The  Second  Massachusetts  Volunteers  had  preceded  the 
Seventy-first  by  a  few  hours  and  pitched  camp  by  the  side  of 
Lake  Morton  nearest  to  the  village.  Immediately  adjacent  to 
them  and  on  the  shore  of  the  same  lake  the  camp  oi  the  Seventy- 
first  was  located.  Due  to  the  congested  condition  of  the  railroad, 
a  little  one-horse  affair  of  the  Plant  System,  built  for  winter  traffic 
only,  the  entire  regiment  did  not  arrive  at  camp  until  too  late 
in  the  afternoon  to  pitch  any  tents,  but  one  for  the  Colonel  and 
one  for  the  Hospital.  Lying  in  the  open,  sleeping  on  terra  firma, 
under  the  azure  was  no  preventative  of  rest.  Long  before  "  taps," 
which  were  sounded  at  an  early  hour,  everybody  was  bivouacking 
and  asleep,  but  a  portion  of  the  guard  and  the  fellow  that  blew 
the  horn.  The  Chaplain,  arriving  from  Tampa  by  a  belated  train, 
found  the  camp,  though  not  without  some  difficulty,  trudging  in 
the  dark,  in  a  strange  country,  to  a  spot  not  in  his  mind  definitely 
located.  Immediately  upon  passing  the  sentry  lines  and  stumbl 
ing  upon  the  Hospital  Corps  quarters,  through  the  kindness 
of  one  of  the  corps,  who  at  once  rolled  out  of  his  cot  and  in 
sisted  upon  his  Chaplain's  occupying  it,  the  latter  removed  his 
boots  and  at  once  retired,  sleeping  soundly  until  4.30,  when 
awakened  by  the  music  of  the  birds  —  a  picture  of  sky  and 
landscape  presented  itself  which  language  can  scarcely  describe. 
The  most  beautiful  blue  sky  was  seen  between  the  branches  of 
the  pines,  from  which  hung  pendant  swinging  clusters  of  Florida 
moss,  and  in  the  distance  the  rippled  surface  of  a  beautiful  lake 


168  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

some  two  miles  in  circumference.  A  stay  of  nearly  two  weeks 
in  this  camp  did  not  detract  from  this  original  picturesqueness, 
though  the  longer  we  stayed  the  more  were  all  convinced  that 
the  dirtiest  kind  of  dirt  was  to  be  found  in  this  vicinity.  Un 
fortunately  in  policing  the  camp  a  scrupulous  sense  of  neatness 
led  the  men  to  remove  the  pine  needles  which  brought  us  into 
immediate  contact  with  the  native  sand  mingled  somewhat  with 
the  charred  or  burned  pines  and  decaying  vegetation.  This  con 
spired  to  make  the  camp  at  Lakeland  a  spot 

"  Where  every  prospect  pleases 
And  only  man  is  vile." 

It  is  perfectly  safe  to  say  that  during  our  sojourn  in  this  beau 
tiful  spot  there  was  not  a  man  at  any  moment  whose  face  and 
hands  were  clean. 

Daily  drills  were  at  once  instituted,  a  target  erected  and  rifle 
practice  inaugurated  for  new  recruits,  and  everything  done  most 
quickly  to  make  new  soldiers  efficient  and  the  entire  command 
one  of  uniform  excellence.  In  strange  contrast  to  the  daily 
routine  of  other  camps  in  the  neighborhood,  both  regular  and 
volunteer,  the  daily  drills,  the  rifle  practice,  the  dress  parade 
and  the  passing  in  review  were  both  unique  and  conspicuous. 
Here,  as  at  Camp  Black,  discipline  was  rigid,  men  were  not 
allowed  to  leave  the  camp,  except  at  stated  times  and  for  special 
reasons.  Rigorous  as  this  may  have  seemed  to  the  enlisted  men 
and  maybe  to  some  officers  who  did  not  think  deeply,  results 
became  at  once  apparent.  The  most  casual  witness  saw  daily 
improvement  in  every  way.  Newly  enlisted  men  became  quickly 
to  understand  that  they  had  not  come  on  a  summer  excursion, 
but,  having  gone  to  war,  were  expected  to  prepare  for  it.  At 
once  the  Seventy-first  Regiment  attracted  favorable  attention 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  169 

from  those  whose  extensive  military  experience  made  them  com 
petent  to  judge  of  its  merits,  and  words  of  becoming  praise  were 
frequently  heard  from  those  whose  positions  gave  worth  to  their 
expressions.  The  New  York  papers  at  this  time  made  daily 
mention  of  the  excellent  condition  of  what,  by  general  consent, 
had  come  to  be  called  u  the  Gallant  Seventy-first."  Their  files 
may  at  any  time  be  consulted  to  justify  this  statement.  It  is 
much  to  be  regretted  that  the  idea  of  preparing  this  itinerary 
did  not  occur  until  six  weeks  after  the  regiment  enlisted.  At 
this  time  of  writing,  and  in  the  field,  it  is  next  to  impossible 
to  accumulate  the  contemporaneaus  literature  which  would  have 
added  to  the  value  of  this  story.  It  may  be  that  in  the  future 
some  one  will  be  sufficiently  interested  in  this  story  to  supple 
ment  it  with  such  extracts.  Almost  daily  letters  were  written 
at  this  time,  and  for  weeks  subsequently,  by  such  eminent  writers 
as  Henry  L.  Stoddard,  for  the  "  Mail  and  Express,"  and  Mr.  Steg- 
man,  for  the  "  New  York  Tribune.'7  Even  Mr.  Poultney  Bigelow, 
who  made  a  great  sensation  at  the  time  of  the  first  expedition 
to  Cuba  by  sending  a  communication  to  the  "  Herald,"  in  which 
he  speaks  of  the  volunteer  army  as  wholly  unequipped  and 
unready  for  service,  makes  generous  exception  of  the  Seventy- 
first  and  accords  to  it  liberal  praise. 

Naturally  enough  change  of  location  and  climate,  with  largely 
increased  temperature,  and  water,  though  pure,  different  in  its 
constituent  elements  from  that  which  troops  have  been  accus 
tomed  to  drink,  will  produce  physical  disorders  until  troops  are 
acclimatized.  After  an  experience  of  ten  days  of  unusually  cold 
and  stormy  weather  at  Camp  Black  the  regiment  was  suddenly 
confronted  with  an  average  daytime  temperature  of  95  degrees, 
at  times  mounting  up  to  104  degrees,  but,  fortunately,  the  nights 


170  ANNUAL  KEPORT  OF  THE 

sufficiently  cold  to  give  refreshing  sleep.  The  lake  gave 
abundant  facilities  for  bathing  to  the  men,  and,  except  for  the 
character  of  the  dirt  above  referred  to,  the  camp  was  generally 
satisfactory.  Some  little  difficulty  was  experienced  by  the  com 
panies  roasting  and  grinding  their  own  coffee,  and,  for  a  time 
until  this  was  remedied,  diarrhoeal  difficulties  were  frequent. 
The  first  death  in  the  regiment  was  due  to  this  disorder,  Private 
Philip  Hubschmidt,  of  Company  I,  dying  suddenly  from  inani 
tion  in  the  arms  of  his  brother  at  midnight  of  May  20th  in  a  tent 
of  his  company  street.  A  few  days  previous  to  this  one  of  the 
Massachusetts  regiment  had  died  from  pneumonia,  The  funerals 
of  both  these  privates  gave  a  touch  of  sadness  to  the  experiences 
in  Lakeland.  Both  were  members  of  the  Episcopal  Church,  and, 
fortunately,  for  the  convenience  of  many  who  wished  to  attend 
and  the  more  seemly  surrounding  for  the  public  service,  a  very 
beautiful  little  Episcopalian  chapel  was  adjacent,  lying  between 
the  two  camps  on  the  main  highway.  The  funeral  of  the  Massa 
chusetts  private  was  held  on  Sunday,  the  22nd  instant,  and  that 
of  Private  Hubschmidt  on  the  following  Saturday.  The  body 
lay  in  the  church  guarded  by  a  special  detail  from  the  company 
until  the  hour  of  service,  4  p.  m.,  when  the  entire  company  and 
many  from  the  regiment  attended  in  a  body,  the  chaplain  officiat 
ing.  The  hymns  sung  at  this  service  were  most  heartily  rendered. 
Mention  here  is  proper  of  the  kindness  of  women  friends  in  the 
town  who  almost  exhausted  the  sparse  flora  of  the  dry  season 
appropriately  to  decorate  the  coffin.  The  scene  was  one  which 
all  present  will  long  remember  when  the  hearse,  with  body  guard 
and  many  troops  following,  proceeded  to  the  station,  from  which 
the  coffin  was  sent  to  New  York  city.  It  is  no  part  of  the  pur 
pose  of  this  itinerary  to  record  the  suitable  services  of  a  public 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  171 

and  prominent  nature  held  in  St.  Thomas'  parish  over  the  re 
mains  of  our  departed  comrade,  replete  notices  of  which  were 
published  in  the  several  papers  at  the  time. 

About  noon  of  the  28th  of  May  several  congratulatory  tele 
grams  were  received  by  Colonel  Greene  giving  intimation  that 
he  had  been  nominated  Brigadier-General  by  the  President.  Offi 
cers'  call  was  sounded  about  3  p.  m.,  when  Colonel  Greene  an 
nounced  that  he  had  just  received  a  telegram  informing  him 
that  his  nomination  as  Brigadier-General  of  volunteers  had 
been  confirmed  by  the  Senate  and  ordering  him  to  proceed 
at  once  to  California  and  report  to  General  Merritt  for  the 
Philippine  expedition.  The  Colonel  also  announced  most  feel 
ingly  his  sentiments  of  affection  for  and  pride  in  the  Seventy- 
first  Regiment,  his  regrets  on  many  accounts  at  leaving  the  com 
mand,  his  firm  belief  that  officers  worthy  the  name  ought  to 
accept  promotion  when  it  comes  unbidden,  his  earnest  wishes 
for  the  welfare  of  the  regiment,  his  affectionate  esteem  for 
its  officers,  his  confidence  that  they  and  the  men  would  acquit 
themselves  creditably,  and  that  his  last  official  act  would  be  the 
nomination  by  telegram  to  Governor  Black,  of  the  State  of  New 
York,  of  Lieutenant-Colonel  Wallace  A.  Downs  to  the  Colonelcy. 
Sad  as  the  officers  were  to  receive  the  intelligence,  they  were 
proud  that  their  commander  had  thus  been  deservedly  honored, 
and  ended  the  meeting  with  an  appropriate  general  cheer  and 
personal  congratulations.  It  never  takes  long  for  news  to  get  to 
the  company  streets.  In  this  instance  it  must  have  been  antici 
pated,  for  before  the  Captains  could  reach  their  quarters  the 
men  were  cheering,  company  after  company  was  formed  and  each 
proceeded  to  the  Colonel's  tent  to  give  three  cheers  for  Brigadier- 
General  Greene  and  receive  a  few  words  it  might  appropriate 


172  ANNUAL  BEPORT  OF  THE 

especially  to  itself.     Adjutant  William  G.  Bates  was  requested 
by  the  Colonel  to  accompany  him. 

In  a  few  hours  both  were  packed,  their  tents  were  empty  and 
they  had  left  camp,  escorted  by  the  entire  regiment,  which  was 
lined  up  in  front  of  the  depot,  continuously  cheering  until  the 
train  departed.  The  sentiment  of  the  returning  regiment  was 
unanimous,  every  man  in  it  regretting  the  departure  of  Colonel 
Greene,  and  every  man  equally  confident  that  his  successor, 
both  in  personal  character  and  military  ability,  was  worthy  of 
the  Colonelcy. 

The  Chaplain  of  the  regiment,  desiring  to  minister  to  the 
spiritual  needs  of  every  man  in  the  regiment,  had  decided  when 
ever  practicable  to  have  on  every  Lord's  day,  in  addition  to  the 
stated  and  expected  service  and  sermon,  a  service  of  the  Holy 
Communion,  to  which  he  would  invite  every  baptised  Christian, 
duly  prepared  to  receive  it.  These  services  had  been  previously 
held  in  one  of  the  small  walled  tents  of  the  officers'  row  and 
had  been  well  attended.  Frequent  services  of  song  were  held 
at  different  places  in  the  camp  through  the  week,  and  in  front 
of  the  Hospital  tent  on  Sunday  nights.  In  this  way  effort  was 
made  to  reach  all  classes,  and  we  are  glad  to  say  that  the  effort 
was  in  every  way  successful.  The  officers  very  generally  at 
tended  the  public  services  and  assisted  in  the  same,  their  worthy 
example  proving  contagious  and  influencing  a  good  attendance 
«f  the  men.  The  regiment  is  as  varied  in  its  religious  con 
stituency  as  in  its  social  and  vocational  life.  It  is  estimated 

that  there  are  about  150  Romanists. 

• 

While  at  Camp  Black  Chaplain  Van  De  Water,  of  the  Seventy- 
first,  had  frequently  talks  with  Father  Daly,  Chaplain  of  the 
Sixty-ninth  New  York  Regiment,  wholly  Irish  and  almost  exclu- 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  173 

sively  Roman  Catholic.  As  a  result  of  these  conferences  and 
in  accordance  with  his  own  proposition  the  Seventy-first  Chap 
lain  invariably  made  inquiry  wherever  the  regiment  might  be 
and  whenever  possible  arranged  for  Eoman  Catholics  to  go  to 
confession  on  Saturday  afternoon  and  to  mass  on  Sunday  morn 
ing.  Both  Chaplain  Daley,  of  the  Sixty-ninth,  and  two  Roman 
Catholic  chaplains,  who  paid  a  visit  to  the  Chaplain  of  the 
Seventy-first  when  the  regiment  was  encamped  at  Tampa  Heights, 
expressed  their  opinion  that  in  regiments  where  such  liberal  ar 
rangements  were  provided  for  the  Romanists,  it  was  their  duty 
regularly  to  attend  the  stated  service  and  sermon  of  their  own 
command,  a  condition  being  one  that  any  chaplain  of  common 
sense  could  easily  conform  to,  viz.,  that  nothing  be  said  in  ser 
mon  of  matters  that  created  vital  difference  or  contention  between 
Protestants  and  Catholics. 

Both  at  Lakeland  and  at  Tampa  Heights  the  Colonel  allowed 
all  Roman  Catholics  to  attend  mass,  leaving  and  returning  to 
the  camp  in  a  body  and  under  a  non-commissioned  officer.  It 
was  observed  on  both  occasions  that  a  number  proclaimed  them 
selves  Catholics  who  gave  no  other  evidence  that  they  were  such, 
and  that  some  marched  to  and  from  town  who  either  did  not 
attend  the  mass  at  all  or  who  were  observed  to  attend  very 
indifferently.  Give  a  soldier  a  chance  to  leave  camp,  and  for 
the  time  he  is  willing  to  be  anything. 

Christians  of  other  names  and  sorts  were  fairly  dealt  with, 
and  after  the  regular  regimental  services  on  Sunday  were 
allowed  to  attend  their  own  places  of  worship  in  towns  or  places 
adjoining  the  camp,  always,  however,  in  squads  under  some  non 
commissioned  officer.  In  vain  were  objections  urged  by  those 
who  wanted  more  personal  liberty;  both  Colonel  Greene  an.d 


174  ANNUAL  KEPORT  OF  THE 

Colonel  Downs  were  positive  on  the  subject  of  preventing  men 
running  about  loosely  in  strange  places.  Though  regulars  had 
much  more  liberty  than  the  volunteer  troops,  at  least  of  the 
Seventy-first  could  have,  it  ought  to  be  borne  in  mind  that  the 
average  age  among  the  latter  is  much  less  than  that  among 
the  former,  and  that,  under  any  circumstances,  lax  discipline 
cannot  make  good  soldiers. 

Very  early  in  our  camping  experience  near  Hempstead  the 
Chaplain,  observing  that  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  tent,  placed  near 
General  Roe's  Divisional  Headquarters  for  the  social  use  and 
spiritual  benefit  of  the  men  in  the  different  commands,  whatever 
good  it  might  do  others,  it  was  of  no  use  whatever  to  the  Seventy- 
first  Regiment,  since  the  men  were  not  allowed  to  leave  the  camp 
in  order  to  use  it.  Appreciating  the  value  of  such  a  tent,  he 
made  application  to  Mr.  Cleveland  H.  Dodge,  President  of  the 
Y.  M.  C.  A.,  of  New  York  city,  for  a  tent  to  be  used  exclusively 
by  the  Seventy-first  Regiment.  Mr.  Dodge  responded  most  favor 
ably,  and,  co-operating  with  Mr.  Charles  D.  Brower,  secured 
from  the  Army  Commission,  not  only  the  tent,  but  free  stationery 
for  the  men  and  a  clerk  to  manage  the  property  so  long  as  the 
regiment  remained  in  the  United  States.  By  the  time  the  tent 
was  secured  the  regiment  was  about  to  leave  Camp  Black. 
Directions  were  accordingly  given  to  send  the  tent  on  the  trans 
port  ship  by  which  the  Seventy-first  was  to  set  sail.  This  was 
done;  but,  unfortunately,  subsequent  orders  transferring  the 
regiment  from  the  ship  to  the  Pennsylvania  Railway  caused  the 
tent  to  be  overlooked  and  afterward  to  be  carried  to  Key  West, 
where,  midst  the  general  confusion  of  troops  and  luggage,  all 
trace  of  it  ended  and  the  tent  was  lost.  It  was  not  until  the 
regiment  was  about  to  leave  Tampa  Heights  to  take  transport 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  175 

x. 

•ship  to  Cuba  that,  as  a  result  of  much  correspondence  and  con 
siderable  anxiety,  the  Commission  decided  to  give  another  tent, 
which  was  at  this  time  received.  How  much  good  might  have 
been  done,  could  this  tent  have  been  erected  during  our  stay 
in  Lakeland  and  Tampa,  we  can  never  know.  No  regiment  of  a 
thousand  men  is  properly  tented  or  housed  that  has  not  at  least 
one  tent  capable  of  holding  at  least  fifty  men,  where  troops  can 
resort  to  write  their  letters,  hold  social  meetings,  give  evening 
entertainments  and  attend  religious  services.  Indeed,  without 
such  a  tent  in  clear  weather  there  is  no  suitable  place  to  admin 
ister  the  sacraments  of  the  church,  and  in  stormy  weather  no 
place  whatever  for  public  worship.  A  thousand  men  away  from 
home  deserve  to  have  some  pitched  tabernacle  among  them.  In 
the  Chaplain's  judgment,  not  TO  provide  such  a  place  is  a  neglect 
of  duty.  Fortunately,  as  was  said  before,  the  Episcopal  Church 
in  Lakeland  served  for  our  camp  chapel.  The  services  on  the 
29th  of  May  were  especially  interesting.  At  8  o'clock,  in  the 
presence  of  a  congregation  that  quite  filled  the  nave,  the  Chap 
lain  first  baptized  Private  Brandt  Engelke,  whose  mother  died 
while  the  regiment  was  aboard  transport  ship  "  City  of  Washing 
ton  "  in  New  York  Harbor,  and  whom  Colonel  Greene  declined 
to  allow  to  attend  his  mother's  funeral.  At  the  time  the  Colonel 
was  severely  criticised  by  the  press  for  what  it  called  an  act 
of  unnecessary  cruelty.  At  this  very  time  the  Colonel's  father, 
General  Greene,  oldest  living  graduate  of  West  Point,  famous 
for  his  gallantry  in  the  Civil  War  and  seriously  wounded  at 
Wauhatchie,  was  dying  in  Morristown,  N.  J.  Subsequently,  while 
at  Lakeland,  the  Colonel  was  informed  by  telegram  that  his 
youngest  child  was  quarantined  with  scarlet  fever  with  its 
mother  in  New  York,  and  that  his  other  children,  except  his 


176  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

son,  who  was  an  enlisted  man  on  board  the  cruiser  "  Yankee," 
were  distributed  about  in  houses  of  friends.  On  neither  occasion, 
though  feeling  as  deeply  as  any  man  could  the  pain  of  separa 
tion,  Colonel  Greene  never  thought  for  one  moment  of  leaving 
the  regiment,  with  which  he  had  been  continuously  from  the 
morning  it  left  the  armory  to  go  to  Camp  Black.  What 
he  did  himself  he  expected  others  to  do.  The  end  justified  the 
means.  Through  private  ministrations  to  and  talks  with 
young  Engelke  he  was  led  to  take  new  and  higher  ideals  of  duty, 
became  an  excellent  soldier,  and,  best  of  all,  devoted  Christian. 
After  his  baptism,  communion  was  at  once  administered  —  it 
was  Whitsunday,  the  presence  of  the  Holy  Spirit  was  manifest. 
Some  eighty  officers  and  men  received  their  sacrament,  among 
them  Colonel  Downs,  who  seemed  to  be  consecrating  himself  to 
his  new  and  arduous  labors  in  the  best  way  possible.  Captain 
Townsend,  of  Company  A,  played  the  little  organ,  and  the  way 
the  men  sang  the  three  hymns  of  the  service  and  chanted  the 
"  Gloria  in  Excelsis  "  would  have  thrilled  the  hearts  of  a  con 
gregation  in  St.  Paul's,  London.  The  presence  of  several  Captains 
and  the  Quartermaster,  together  with  a  large  number  of  enlisted 
men,  gave  the  Chaplain  assurance  that,  however  difficult  might 
be  his  work  in  the  regiment,  there  were  a  goodly  number,  and 
these  the  most  influential,  ready  to  hold  up  his  hands  in  every 
effort. 

It  was  a  pleasure  also  for  the  Chaplain  to  have  for  assistants 
in  the  preparation  for  the  service  two  of  his  own  young  men 
from  St.  Andrews,  and  to  see  in  the  congregation  some  dozen  or 
more  from  his  parish  at  home.  At  10  o'clock,  to  a  large  number 
of  men  seated  on  the  ground  in  front  of  the  Colonel's  tent,  the 
Chaplain  held  service  and  preached  a  sermon  from  St.  James, 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  177 

1-26,  "  Pure  religion  is  to  keep  ourself  unspotted  from  the  world." 
Colonel  Downs  at  once,  on  assuming  command,  appointed  Alfred 
H.  Abeel,  Lieutenant  of  Company  M,  Adjutant  of  the  regiment. 
On  the  30th  of  May  word  was  received  by  Colonel  Downs  and 
transmitted  by  him  to  the  officers  that  the  71st  Regiment,  New 
York  Volunteers,  had  been  permanently  brigaded  with  the  Sixth 
and  Sixteenth  Infantry,  Regulars,  which  constituted  the  First 
Brigade  of  the  First  Division  of  the  Fifth  Army  Corps,  under 
General  Shafter,  and  that  it  would  proceed  the  next  day  to 
Tampa  and  there  encamp  waiting  further  orders.  The  last  week 
of  the  camp  at  Lakeland  was  largely  occupied  by  officers  seek 
ing  and  procuring  their  respective  mounts.  Florida  offers  a 
poor  market  for  officers;  their  horses,  like  their  men,  are  chiefly 
runts.  They  run  small  and  thin.  Cracker  horses,  like  the 
cracker  men,  are,  as  a  rule,  long,  lean  and  gaunt.  The  moment 
it  was  known  that  the  officers  wanted  horses  the  country  for 
miles  around  was  put  under  requisition,  and  quadrupeds,  numer 
ous  and  various,  invaded  the  camp.  One  Jehu  from  the  town, 
with  a  high  tenor  voice  and  no  conscience,  is  said  to  have  made 
a  fortune  out  of  the  Spanish  War  by  selling  horses  exclusively 
to  Seventy-first  New  York  and  Second  Massachusetts,  and  to 
have  retired  with  competence  sufficient  to  enable  him  to  live  in 
Lakeland  without  work.  Most  men  do  this,  anyway,  but  he  will 
do  it  in  luxury.  The  way  this  man  could  shave  the  truth  would 
shame  Munch ausen.  He  could  even  perform  miracles,  this  man. 
He  deceived  the  very  elect.  Mounting  a  roan  steed  he  sped  away 
at  a  furious  gait,  wheeled  quickly  about  and  returned  as  if  on 
a  charger.  The  Chaplain  was  so  overcome  by  this  exhibition 
that,  attracted  by  the  only  big  horse  he  had  seen,  he  bought  him 

instanter.     The  horse  has  never  since  been  known  to  do  more 
12 


178  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

than  walk.  A  spur  cannot  persuade  him  to  change  his  reverent 
gait.  The  patient  reader  might  suppose  from  this  that  the  Chap 
lain  was  the  most  unfortunate  speculator  in  horse  flesh  among 
all  the  officers.  But  not  so.  It  is  the  express  conviction  of 
Ross,  the  chief  hostler,  who  was  in  the  United  States  Cavalry 
Service  for  ten  years,  and  if  he  doesn't  know  a  horse,  knows 
nothing,  also  of  George,  the  officers'  valet,  who  was  brought  up 
among  horses  and  was  coachman  for  twenty  years,  that  the 
Chaplain's  horse,  named  Quoque  (Quoque  means  clam)  is  the 
best  of  the  equine  outfit.  These  words  are  written  about  a 
month  after  the  horses  of  the  field  and  staff  were  purchased. 
Respect  for  the  feelings  of  my  fellow-officers  forbids  my  descrip 
tion  in  detail  of  the  horses  they  chose  to  call  their  own.  Of  all 
my  extensive  experiences  in  larger  parishes  of  large  cities, 
these  horses  remind  me  most  of  visits  to  the  home  for  the 
ruptured  and  crippled.  If  this  war  lasts  long  and  there  are  found 
no  horses  of  Spanish  gentlemen  in  Cuba  on  which  to  forage,  it 
may  be  regarded  as  a  fixed  certainty  that  requisitions  for  offi 
cers'  mounts  will  have  to  be  made  upon  the  mules. 

Not  in  any  spirit  of  fault  finding,  but  merely  to  record  facts, 
it  should  be  stated  here  that,  though  the  regiment  had  been 
in  the  United  States  service  for  nearly  one  month,  the  entire 
necessities  of  its  Hospital  Department  had  been  provided  by  the 
regiment  and  at  its  own  expense.  The  Surgeon  himself  was 
obliged  to  advance  considerable  money  to  procure  necessary  medi 
cines.  At  his  request  the  Chaplain  was  detailed  by  the  Colonel 
to  proceed  to  Tampa  on  the  26th  instant,  with  a  formal  requisi 
tion  for  medical  supplies  and  endeavor  to  secure  them  at  once. 
He  went  directly  to  Army  Corps  Headquarters  at  Tampa  Bay 
Hotel,  was  most  courteously  treated  and  sent  to  one  of  the  supply 


STATE  HISTORIAN. 

stores  in  the  town  with  an  order  to  have  supplies  that  were 
needed  furnished  at  once.  Only  a  meagre  portion  of  the  requisi 
tion  could  be  obtained,  supplies  in  stock  being  most  inadequate 
to  the  demands.  But  a  greater  difficulty  than  this,  even,  con 
fronted  the  Hospital  Department.  It  seems  that  soldiers  in  the 
regular  army  by  self-imposed  fines  and  by  saving  their  rations, 
accumulate  a  fund  with  which  to  purchase  delicacies  for  their 
sick.  Volunteers  in  this,  as  in  other  matters,  suffer  from  their 
inexperience.  Soon  it  was  found  that  sick  men  needed  something 
more  than  medicines,  and  that  convalescents  even  could  neither 
relish  nor  assimilate  bacon,  beans  and  hard  tack.  A  serious 
condition  soon  confronted  the  regiment.  We  were  in  a  country 
where  milk  was  difficult  to  procure  and  ice  not  to  be  had  in 
large  quantities.  The  latter  had  to  be  made  artificially,  and 
the  large  number  of  troops  poured  into  the  little  town  of  Lake 
land  demanded  daily  more  than  the  limited  plant  could  supply. 
It  had  not  rained  for  six  months.  There  was  no  grass  to  be  seen 
anywhere  in  the  fields,  and  such  thin  cows  as  were  trying  to 
graze  had  nothing  withal  to  squeeze  from  their  udders.  After 
consulting  with  the  Surgeon  the  Chaplain  telegraphed  to  several 
of  his  parishioners  and  friends  of  the  regiment  in  New  York, 
who  immediately  and  generously  responded  to  such  an  extent 
that  within  a  week  the  hospital  stores  resembled  a  grocery  shop, 
and  anybody  in  the  regiment  needing  other  food  than  that  pro 
vided  could  be  liberally  supplied  with  malted  milk,  in  powder  or 
tablet  form;  bouillon  capsules,  beef  extract,  lime  juice,  soups 
of  every  sort,  jams,  biscuit  and  crackers  of  various  kinds,  whiskey 
of  the  best  quality,  condensed  milk  and  quantities  of  Dover's 
powders  and  bismuth,  Sun  Cholera  Mixture,  and  many  other 
things  which  the  liberal  hearts  devised. 


180  ANNUAL  REPORT  OP  THE 

Among  these  general  contributors  from  New  York  city  may 
be  mentioned:  Mrs.  Walter  H.  Wagstaff,  Mrs.  Emmet  R.  Olcott, 
Mr.  Lyman  B.  Garfield,  Mr.  Cleveland  H.  Dodge,  Mr.  Eugene 
Conklin,  representing  the  Seventy-first  Veteran  Association ;  Mrs. 
Archibald  Watt,  Colonel  Henry  P.  Martin,  War  Colonel  of  the 
Seventy-first  in  '61,  and  Mr.  Irving  P.  Fisher.  Many  others,  no 
doubt,  contributed  whose  names  do  not  here  appear,  notably 
parishioners  of  St.  Andrew's,  Harlem,  and  the  Broadway  Taber 
nacle,  Thirty-fourth  street.  The  regiment  will  hold  these  in 
lasting  remembrance;  they  certainly  ministered  unto  0ur 
necessity.  Sick  calls  lessened  the  moment  these  goods  arrived; 
and  all  felt  that  the  painstaking  labors  of  the  Surgeons  were 
now  properly  supplemented  with  needed  medicines  and  foods. 

For  the  last  few  evenings  before  the  breaking  up  of  the  camp 
.at  Lakeland,  to  avoid  the  terrific  dust  of  the  neighboring  fields, 
the  regiment  was  paraded  and  reviewed  by  the  shore  of  the  lake, 
and,  while  to  do  this  in  the  somewhat  constrained  quarters  it 
was  necessary  for  the  staff  to  stand  perilously  near,  if  not  into, 
the  water  during  parade  and  the  regiment  to  pass  in  review  by 
columns  of  fours,  the  picturesqueness  of  the  scene  at  sunset 
•caused  every  inconvenience  to  be  overlooked,  leaving  a  memory 
sweet  to  recall. 

On  the  evening  of  the  30th  of  May  there  was  given  by  the 
lakeland  Lodge  of  Free  Masons  a  reception  and  banquet  to  the 
Masonic  brethren  of  the  regiment,  and,  though  it  was  the  night 
before  the  regiment  was  to  break  camp  and  many  found  it  im 
possible  to  leave,  about  thirty  officers  and  twenty  men  attended. 
The  exercises  were  exceedingly  interesting.  Addresses  were  made 
by  the  Worshipful  Master  and  an  old  member  of  the  Lakeland 
Lodge,  and  responses  to  these  were  given  by  Dr.  H.  Eugene  Staf- 


STATE  HISTORIC  x.  181 

ford,   Assistant   Surgeon,   and   Chaplain   Van   Dewater,   of  the 
Seventy-first. 

Recognition  of  the  spirit  which  had  prompted  the  men  to  leave 
their  homes  and  volunteer  for  foreign  war,  together  with  an 
especial  tribute  to  the  worth  of  the  Seventy-first  Regiment,  was 
much  appreciated  by  the  visiting  brethren.  It  would  be  interest 
ing  to  know  how  many  Masons  there  are  in  the  regiment.  Most 
all  the  officers  are'  members  of  the  order,  and,  it  is  believed,  also 
many  of  the  men.  It  has  even  been  suggested  that  a  warrant 
be  obtained  from  the  Grand  Lodge  of  New  York  for  a  traveling 
lodge,  with  power  to  hold  official  communications  and  confer 
Masonic  degrees. 

In  due  time  news  came,  both  by  personal  letter  and  through 
the  public  press,  that  the  President  had  nominated  our  former 
Adjutant,  William  G.  Bates,  to  be  a  Captain  of  Volunteers; 
that  the  Senate  had  confirmed  the  nomination,  and  that  he  had 
been  assigned  to  the  position  of  Assistant  Adjutant-General  upon 
the  staff  of  Brigadier-General  Greene,  and  that  both  were  on  the 
way  to  San  Francisco  to  report  to  General  Merritt  and  proceed 
to  the  Philippines.  By  this  transfer  of  Mr.  Bates  the  Seventy- 
first  Regiment  lost  a  most  efficient  officer.  Coming  from  K  Com 
pany  of  the  Seventh,  Mr.  Bates  served  as  Adjutant  of  the 
Seventy-first  during  the  six  years  of  Colonel  Greene's  adminis 
tration.  It  is  safe  to  say  that  never  did  this  or  any  other  regi 
ment  have  an  adjutant  who  worked  harder,  or  who  did  his  work 
better  than  he.  Those  of  us  who  had  served  long  in  the  staff, 
proud  as  we  were  to  see  our  friends  promoted,  ready  as  we  always 
are  to  welcome  new  and  worthy  men  to  our  companionship, 
sighed  deeply  as  we  recalled  recent  losses  of  men  like  J.  Kennedy 
Tod,  Commissary:  J.  Kensett  CHyphant,  Quartermaster ;  E.  T.  T. 


182  ANNUAL  REPORT  OP  THE 

Marsh,  M.  D.,  Surgeon,  and  now  of  Francis  V.  Greene,  Colonel, 
and  W.  G.  Bates,  Adjutant.  It  is  a  compliment  to  their  suc 
cessors  to  say  that  they  are  worthy  to  succeed  such  men.  We 
would  be  less  than  worthy  men  did  we  not  praise  their 
predecessors. 

The  following  changes  were  made  in  the  officers  of  the  regiment 
at  once  upon  the  promotion  of  Colonel  Greene  and  Adjutant 
Bates,  and  their  commissions  in  due  time  arrived  from  Albany : 

Colonel,  Wallace  A.  Downs. 
Lieutenant-Colonel,  Clinton  H.  Smith. 
Majors,  John  H.  Whittle,  J.  Hollis  Wells,  Frank  Keck. 
Captains,  Malcolm  J.  Rafferty,  Company  F;  Edward  A.  Sel- 
fredge,  Jr.,  Company  K. 

Subsequently,  under  date  of  June  9th,  the  following  were 
appointed  officers  in  the  Seventy-first  Regiment,  under  Special 
Orders  No.  109  from  General  Headquarters,  State  of  New  York : 

First  Lieutenant  William  J.  Crockett,  Company  A,  to  be  First 
Lieutenant  and  Battalion  Adjutant,  original. 

Second  Lieutenant  Harris  B.  Fisher,  Company  M,  to  be  First 
Lieutenant  and  Battalion  Adjutant,  original. 

Second  Lieutenant  Fred.  H.  Weyman,  Company  B,  to  be  First 
Lieutenant  and  Battalion  Adjutant,  original. 

Second  Lieutenant  John  M.  Thompson,  Company  K,  to  be  First 
Lieutenant,  vice  Selfredge  promoted. 

Quartermaster-Sergeant  Lester  J.  Blauvelt,  Company  B,  to  be 
Second  Lieutenant,  Company  K,  vice  Thompson  promoted.  He 
has  since  been  detailed  by  Colonel  Downs  as  Commissary  of 
the  Regiment,  Lieutenant  Beekman,  of  Company  B,  having 
served  briefly  as  Commissary,  and,  at  his  own  request,  returned 
to  his  place  in  the  line. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  183 

Sergeant  Peter  H.  Short,  Jr.,  Company  A,  to  be  First  Lieuten 
ant,  Company  A,  vice  Crockett  detailed  Battalion  Adjutant. 

Sergeant  James  M.  Hutchinson,  Company  M,  to  be  Second 
Lieutenant,  vice  Fisher  promoted. 

Sergeant  Charles  F.  Boynton,  Company  B,  to  be  Second  Lieu 
tenant,  vice  Wej^man  promoted. 

All  dates  of  these  several  commissions  and  rank  are  from  June 
5th,  1898. 

On  Tuesday.  31st  of  May,  reveille  was  sounded  at  3.30  a.  m. ; 
everybody  in  camp  on  the  qui  mve  making  ready  to  move.  Due 
to  other's  delays  we  begun  the  day  at  much  too  early  an  hour, 
for  both  at  Lakeland  and  at  Ybor  City  hours  were  wasted  need 
lessly  waiting  for  trains  to  start  or  different  sections  to  be 
brought  together  that  goods  might  be  transported. 

Just  before  pulling  out  from  Lakeland  a  passenger  train  from 
the  north  arrived  at  the  station.  Mrs.  Babcock,  wife  of  a  private 
in  Company  B,  who,  having  heard  that  her  husband  was  sick  in 
hospital,  came  in  this  train  with  her  brother,  Mr.  Bostwick. 
Much  surprised  to  find  the  regiment  about  to  leave  for  further 
south  and  anxious  to  avoid  stopping  in  Lakeland,  by  permission 
of  the  Colonel  was  allowed  to  proceed  with  the  regiment  to 
Tampa.  The  Chaplain  escorted  her  to  the  officers'  car  and  enter 
tained  her  on  the  journey,  much  pleased  to  find  that  they  had 
many  mutual  acquaintances,  and  that  Mr.  Bostwick,  her  brother, 
was  in  the  graduating  class  at  Columbia  University,  of  which 
the  Chaplain  of  the  Regiment  is  also  the  Chaplain.  As  an  illus 
tration  of  what  sacrifices  have  been  made  by  many  in  this  com 
mand,  and  what  a  spirit  of  patriotism  possesses  the  best  of 
American  youth,  It  is  interesting  to  record  that  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Babcock  were  on  their  wedding  tour,  having  proposed  to  spend 


184  ANNUAL  KEPORT  OP  THE 

a  year  abroad.  Six  months  of  the  time  had  passed.  They  were 
at  Florence.  Learning  of  the  possibility  of  volunteers  being 
called  to  the  front,  they  returned  home  at  once,  Mr.  Babcock 
resuming  his  place  in  Company  B  and  mustered  in  as  a  private. 
Mrs.  Babcock  at  once  on  arriving  at  Ybor  City,  an  adjacent  Cuban 
settlement  to  Tampa,  took  trolley  with  her  brother  to  Tampa 
Bay  Hotel,  where  she  remained  for  two  weeks  until  the  regiment 
left  by  transport  ship  with  the  fleet  going  to  West  Indies. 
During  this  time,  by  entertaining  several  officers  at  the  Tampa 
Bay  Hotel,  frequently  visiting  the  camp  at  Tampa  Heights  and 
for  a  week  daily  coming  to  the  transport  ship  "  Vigilancia,"  as 
she  lay  in  Tampa  Bay  three  miles  from  shore,  this  good,  kind 
and  discreet  woman,  by  a  kind  heart,  generous  purse  and  extra 
ordinary  discretion,  ministered  to  the  welfare  of  many  in  th€ 
regiment  and  made  herself  in  every  way  helpful. 

The  train  conveyed  the  regiment  from  Lakeland  in  two  sec 
tions.  As  usual,  the  management  of  this  one-horse  road  mixed 
things  up  in  such  a  way  that  men  and  goods  could  not  be  brought 
together  for  hours.  Mules  were  found  in  one  section  a  mile 
and  a  half  away  from  the  wagons  to  which  they  were  to  be 
attached;  tents  and  provisions  were  so  confused  that  nobody 
could  tell  where  either  could  be  found;  horses  were  miles  from 
their  saddles  and  the  hostlers  were  with  neither.  No  matter 
whose  fault  all  this  was,  and  maybe  all  of  it  was  not  the  Gov 
ernment's  nor  the  railroad's,  the  results  were  distressing.  After 
lying  around  in  the  broiling  sun  for  several  hours,  the  men  hav 
ing  lunched  from  traveling  rations,  and  the  officers  faring  as 
best  they  could  in  cheap,  nasty  adjacent  lager  beer  saloons,  of 
the  dirtiest  and  wickedest  town  in  all  the  country,  the  regiment 
finally,  with  but  two  mounted  officers,  the  Colonel  and  the  Chap- 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  185 

lain,  the  others,  unable  to  get  their  horses,  taking  journey  on 
foot,  began  the  march  for  camp,  the  men  carrying  knapsack 
and  blanket,  the  average  weight  of  which  was  sixty-two  pounds. 
An  officer  of  the  Sixth  Infantry,  Regulars,  one  Lieutenant 
Shindle,  had  been  detailed  by  Colonel  Cochran,  in  charge  of 
the  brigade,  to  meet  the  regiment  on  its  arrival  and  conduct  it  to 
its  assigned  location  for  camp;  but,  like  all  things  in  Florida, 
this  regular  army  officer  moved  slowly  and  arrived  at  the  station 
a  half  hour  late.  It  was  also  subsequently  discovered  that 
this  Lieutenant  Shindle  conducted  the  regiment  by  a  round 
about  road,  at  least  one-half  mile  longer  than  one  much  more 
frequented,  easier  of  access  and  along  the  border  of  which,  for 
almost  its  entire  length  was  a  good  wooden  sidewalk  on  which 
the  men  might  have  marched.  The  men  themselves  discovered 
this  when  leaving  camp  at  Tampa  Heights,  a  week  later;  they 
quietly  and  comfortably  walked  down  this  board  sidewalk  to 
Ybor  City,  and  wondered  why  in  the  name  of  something  I  can 
not  write  here  they  had  not  first  come  by  this  path.  The  march 
to  Tampa  Heights  will  never  be  forgotten  by  those  who  took  it. 
The  day  was  very  hot,  the  hour  of  the  day  its  hottest,  every  man 
had  been  up  since  half-past  three,  and  most  of  the  time  on  his 
feet.  The  road  was  in  such  a  dry  condition  that  fully  eighteen 
inches  of  dust  finer  than  powder  had  to  be  trudged  through  along 
its  entire  course.  Comparatively  few  halts  were  given,  the 
Colonel  thinking  it  best  to  get  the  regiment  to  camp  at  an  early 
hour  in  order  to  become  settled  before  dark.  As  we  passed  by 
several  camps  of  the  regular  troops  the, men  rushed  out  to  the 
side  of  the  road  and  gave  the  gallant  Seventy-first  cheers  of 
hearty  welcome  and  approval.  At  the  time,  and  many  times  sub 
sequently,  by  both  officers  and  men  of  the  regular  army,  admira- 


186  ANNUAL  KEPORT  OF  THE 

tion  for  the  magnificent  bearing  of  the  volunteer  regiment, 
marching  steadily  under  their  heavy  packs,  enduring  the  heat 
and  dust  without  one  man  falling  out  of  the  ranks,  keeping  np  a 
quick  route  step  for  a  three  miles'  march,  by  some  regarded  in  the 
light  of  a  forced  march,  was  enthusiastically  expressed.  Several 
were  prostrated  by  the  heat  on  arriving  at  camp,  but  were 
quickly  restored.  The  effects,  however,  of  the  march  were  seen 
for  several  days,  in  cases  of  general  weakness  and  obstinate 
diarrhoea.  It  was  very  soon  discovered  that  there  was  no  prospect 
of  procuring  tents  or  provisions  to  any  considerable  extent  before 
the  following  morning.  To  provide  something  to  eat  as  every  man 
best  could  and  some  finding  blanks  except  at  the  Colonel's  tent 
and  a  few  scattering  ones  in  one  or  two  company  streets,  the 
regiment  bivouacked  that  night,  every  man  in  it,  except  the 
guard,  sleeping  soundly  a  full  eight  hours  and  some  of  the  guard, 
no  doubt,  catching  a  wink  or  two  on  their  weary  sentry  rounds. 
It  needs  no  touch  of  poetry  to  express  the  sentiment  of  devotion 
to  duty  show^n  by  a  man  who  has  been  up  since  half-past  three 
the  preceding  morning,  has  traveled  three  miles  under  conditions 
such  as  we  have  described,  who  must  then  undertake  guard  duty 
for  the  night.  "  Tommy  Atkins  "  has  our  sympathy. 

By  early  afternoon  of  the  next  day  our  scattered  tents  and 
goods,  except  a  few  boxes  of  oranges  and  other  delicacies  of  the 
field  and  staff  officers'  mess,  which  Lieutenant  Williams  and  his 
detail,  which  had  been  left  at  the  depot,  had  consumed  without 
let  or  leave  of  the  owners,  were  all  secured  and  the  regiment 
comfortably  settled  in  its  new  abode.  The  usual  experience  of 
water,  not  yet  introduced,  was  encountered,  and  for  forty-eight 
hours,  until  the  pipes  were  laid  and  the  Artesian  wells  sunk, 
heavy  requisition  was  made  upon  our  colored  neighbors,  who,  to 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  187 

their  credit,  came  generously  to  our  relief.  It  was  very  soon 
discovered  that  in  every  respect,  excepting,  perhaps,  the  single 
element  of  picturesqueness,  this  camp  at  Tampa  Heights  was 
much  superior  to  the  one  at  Lakeland.  Within  a  half  mile  of 
the  river  that  flows  into  Tampa  Bay,  OR  a  promontory  just  eight 
feet  above  sea  level,  which,  in  Florida,  counts  for  heights  and 
gives  to  it  its  name,  reasonably  wooded  with  rather  spreading 
pines,  adjacent  to  several  fine  orange  groves,  the  water  very 
pure  and  wholesome,  the  soil  sufficiently  hard  to  pack,  this  ramp 
was  really  ideal.  Its  healthfulness  showed  in  the  rapidly  reduc 
ing  number  at  sick  call.  Daily  routine  of  drill  and  instruction, 
with  rifle  practice  for  raw  recruits,  was  again  resumed,  and  every 
day,  but  one,  when  it  rained  severely  at  the  time,  the  evening 
guard  mounting  was  at  once  followed  by  an  assembly  for  dress 
parade  and  review.  Contrast  between  this  discipline  and  the 
laxity  in  regular  camps  where  raw  recruits  were  numerous, 
there  was  nothing  to  do  and*  men  had  perfect  liberty  from  mess 
call  in  the  morning  to  "  retreat "  at  night,  the  contrast,  I  repeat, 
reflected  creditably  upon  the  Seventy-first,  showed  in  its  con 
tinued  improvement,  and  was  the  subject  of  favorable  remark  by 
those  who  daily  witnessed  its  public  functions. 

It  was  felt  from  the  beginning  that  our  stay  here  would  not 
be  long.  As  each  day  wore  on,  however,  and  men  became  better 
satisfied  with  the  surroundings  the  longer  they  remained,  hope 
was  expressed  on  every  side  that  the  regiment  might  be  fortunate 
enough  to  be  left  at  Tampa  Heights  for  at  least  three  weeks 
before  it  should  be  summoned  to  leave  for  the  front.  Not  but 
what  it  wanted  to  go  to  the  front,  nothing  it  wanted  more,  but 
its  best  officers  and  men  wanted  to  go  thoroughly  equipped  and 
prepared,  and  this  they  knew  every  day  made  more  possible. 


188  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

Their  good  wishes  in  this  respect  were  not  destined,  however, 
to  be  fulfilled,  for  in  exactly  one  week's  time  orders  came  sud 
denly  to  strike  camp,  proceed  to  Ybor  City,  take  train  to  Port 
Tampa,  and  there  board  transport  ships  for  the  Island  of  Cuba. 
Nothing  of  especial  importance  occurred  during  the  week's 
stay  at  Tampa  Heights  not  already  noted,  save  the  visit  of  the 
United  States  Paymaster,  who  took  the  best  part  of  two  days 
to  settle  with  the  regiment,  and  made  us  all  somewhat  more 
happy.  He  paid  the  men  uniformly  from  the  date  of  the  muster 
ing  into  the  United  States  service  to  the  1st  of  June,  leaving  the 
State  to  pay  the  troops  from  the  date  of  leaving  the  armory, 
May  2nd,  to  the  time  of  the  mustering  in,  which,  up  to  this  time 
of  writing,  June  16th,  it  has  not  yet  done.  New  York  papers, 
received  by  us  daily  until  we  left  our  native  shores,  speak  of  this 
delay  on  the  part  of  the  State  in  terms  of  reprehension  and  cite 
instances  of  needless  suffering  by  families  of  enlisted  men  due 
to  this  inexplicable  delay.  Fortunately  for  us  such  instances 
of  suffering  aboun'd  in  regiments  other  than  the  Seventy-first 
encamped  chiefly  at  Chickamauga,  now  awaiting  orders  for  sub 
sequent  mobilization  and  invasion.  The  Veteran  Association  of 
this  regiment  at  home  organized  as  soon  as  the  regiment  left  its 
armory,  and  since  has  added  to  its  organization  an  auxiliary 
of  women,  both  of  whom  are  actively  engaged  in  providing  for 
the  needs  of  the  regiment  in  the  field  and  their  families  who  are 
in  need  of  assistance  at  home.  From  letters  recently  received  it 
would  seem  the  number  of  the  latter  in  the  Seventy-first  is  happily 

very  few.     There  are  numerous  instances  of  organizations  and 

• 
firms  with  sufficient  patriotism  to  enable  them  to  continue  the 

salaries  of  their  employes  while  such  are  engaged  in  the  United 
States  service.    Indeed,  in  cases  where  such  generous  treatment 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  189 

has  been  refused  it  is  considered  incontestable  evidence  of  their 
inherent  meanness. 

The  Paymaster  finished  his  work  on  Friday  afternoon,  the 
3rd  of  June,  and,  no  doubt,  before  night  some  of  the  senseless 
ne'er-do-wells  had  by  ways  best  known  to  themselves  parted 
with  their  money.  It  seems  sad  to  state  that  the  Colonel  thought 
it  was  necessary  to  warn  the  men  through  their  officers  that 
gambling  was  forbidden  by  the  Articles  of  War.  On  the  other 
hand,  it  is  pleasing  to  cite,  among  other  evidences  of  the  common 
sense  and  estimable  character  of  many,  maybe  most  in  the  regi 
ment,  that  large  amounts  of  money  were  sent  home  by  bank 
drafts  and  post-office  exchanges  by  officers  and  men  of  the 
Seventy-first  who  had  just  received  their  pay. 

The  day  after  being  Saturday,  and  the  Colonel  being  desirous 
to  relax  a  little  the  previous  discipline,  gave  the  men  the  privi 
lege  of  going  to  town  from  1  to  5  p.  m.  It  would  be  pleasing  here 
to  state  that  not  a  man  abused  that  privilege,  but, 

"  All  mankind  is  unco'  weak, 
And  little  to  be  trusted, 
If  self  the  wavering  balance  shake 
It's  rarely  right  adjusted." 

If  everybody  in  the  regiment  were  good,  the  Chaplain  would 
lose  his  vocation.  As  proof,  therefore,  that  he  has  vocation  still, 
mournfully  it  must  be  stated  that  not  an  inconsiderable  number 
came  in  that  night  at  a  late  hour  and  a  few  stretched  their  leave 
to  the  next  day  or  the  day  after.  These  men  were  punished  for 
their  inexcusable  infraction  of  discipline.  The  general  feeling 
in  the  regiment  was  disgust  for  men  who  would  thus  deliberately 
abuse  a  privilege  so  generously  granted. 


190  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

On  Saturday  evening,  the  4th  of  June,  the  band  from  brigade 
headquarters  came  to  our  encampment  and  favored  us  with  an 
excellent  instrumental  concert.  A  similar  mark  of  attention  was 
paid  by  the  Brigade  Band  while  we  were  in  Lakeland.  While 
we  were  lavishing  our  appreciation  of  such  attentions  the  thought 
was  constantly  recurring  that  somebody  had  made  a  big  blunder 
by  not  bringing  sufficient  band  music  of  our  own.  A  band  is 
of  greatest  value  to  a  regiment.  Music  that  hath  charms  to 
soothe  a  savage  breast,  hath  solace  and  inspiration  to  soldiers 
away  from  home.  It  is  the  Chaplain's  earnest  belief  that  had 
a  regimental  band  accompanied  us,  many  a  time  there  would  be 
less  sick  in  the  hospital  and  less  disconsolate  ones  out  of  it. 
Men  stop  thinking  about  bacon  and  beans  and  forget  all  about 
grumbling  and  growling  when  listening  to  the  strains  of  martial 
music  or  the  rhapsody  of  homely  hymns  with  which  they  associate 
most  cherished  sentiments.  Many  a  time  when  we  heard  music  in 
neighboring  camps,  or  sailing  for  days  in  southern  seas  on  trans 
port  ships,  we  heard  night  and  morning  the  inspiring  tones  of 
well-drilled  bands,  we  became  envious,  even  covetous,  and  won 
dered  why  the  Seventy-first  should  be  treated  like  a  lot  of 
Quakers,  who  object  to  music,  or  as  savages,  supposed  to  have  no 
music  in  their  souls.  Let  us  be  fair.  Much  as  we  regret  the 
absence  of  a  band,  and  can  never  quite  understand  why  the 
bass  drums  were  left  behind  at  Long  Island  City,  it  ought  to  be 
stated  by  way  of  honor  to  whom  honor  be  due  that  the  members 
of  our  Drum  Corps  do  very  well,  are  improving  every  day;  that 
our  trumpet  calls  are  excellent  and  that,  considering  the  num 
bers,  the  result  is  all  that  one  could  reasonably  expect  from  such 
limited  resources. 

The  services  in  camp  at  Tampa  Heights  on  Sunday,  the  5th  of 
June,  were  very  well  attended,  exceedingly  interesting  and  evi- 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  191 

dently  much  blessed.  A  communion  service,  held  in  the  field  and 
staff  officers'  mess  tent,  was  attended  by  over  sixty  officers  and 
men,  and  subsequently  at  9  o'clock  under  a  clump  of  trees  at 
the  end  of  the  officers'  row.  After  a  brief,  apocopated  service 
of  morning  prayer  the  Chaplain  preached  to  a  goodly  number 
from  the  parable  of  the  Prodigal  Son,  closing  with  an  earnest 
appeal  for  officers  and  men  to  become  sober  in  a  serious  cause 
and  as  fit  preparation  for  any  emergency  that  might  confront 
and  any  result  that  might  ensue  to  prepare  to  meet  their  God. 
Aftt  i-  the  service  two  privates  presented  themselves  for  baptism  - 
William  C.  Lawrence,  of  Company  G,  and  Kichard  Martens,  of 
Company  G,  who  were  baptised  a  few  moments  in  the  presence 
of  their  chosen  witnesses  in  the  Chaplain's  tent. 

The  visitation  of  General  Miles  and  his  staff  one  evening 
previous  to  dress  parade  and  the  frequent  visitations  of  aides 
from  both  Brigade  and  Division  Headquarters  kept  everyone 
on  the  qui  vive,  hourly  expecting  orders  to  join  the  first  expedi 
tion  to  Cuba.  Such  news  as  could  be  obtained  from  newspapers 
strictly  censored  by  the  Government,  which  was  anxious  that  its 
movements  of  troops  should  be  unknown  to  Spain,  informed  us 
of  Schley's  effective  blockade  of  Havana  with  his  fleet  of  war 
ships,  of  little  guerilla  expeditions  communicating  with  the  in 
surgents,  supplying  these  latter  with  food  and  ammunition,  of 
Sampson's  fleet  bombarding  Santiago,  the  heroic  exploit  of  Hob- 
son  in  sinking  the  Merrimac  at  the  mouth  of  the  harbor  and  the 
imperative  need  of  troops  at  once  to  second  these  brilliant  efforts, 
made  everybody  who  had  ever  heard  of  the  possibility  of  our 
going  on  the  first  expedition  most  anxious  to  start  there.  Added 
to  all  this  we  kept  hearing  daily  of  the  increasing  number  of 
ships  in  Tampa  Bay  waiting  for  the  troops.  At  last  we  heard 
of  troops  encamped  immediately  adjacent  to  us  receiving  orders 


192  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

to  move;  then  came  the  orders  to  the  Sixth  Infantry,  Regulars, 
and  to  the  Sixteenth,  which,  we  knew,  were  brigaded  with  us, 
to  proceed  to  the  transports  at  Port  Tampa.  We  knew  that  the 
only  volunteer  troops  in  the  first  expedition  were  to  be  the 
Seventy-first  New  York  and  the  Second  Massachusetts,  which 
had  in  a  few  days  been  turned  into  a  light  artillery  regiment, 
and  Roosevelt's  Rough  Riders,  under  command  of  Colonel  Wood. 
Every  blow  of  the  trumpet  was  thought  to  be  officers'  call,  and 
every  man  in  the  regiment  was  on  the  expectant.  Already 
preparations  for  leaving  had  begun  to  be  made.  Every  man  had 
rolled  his  overcoat  attached  to  his  knapsack,  to  be  turned  into 
the  Quartermaster  and  left  behind  under  guard.  Shelter  tents 
had  been  issued,  one-half  of  which  was  rolled  by  each  man  with 
his  poncho  and  blanket  to  be  borne  upon  his  person.  Captain 
Stoddard,  of  -Company  E,  was  relieved  of  the  command  of  his 
company  and  assigned  to  the  care  of  the  sick  that  had  to  be 
left  behind  and  the  semi-sick  and  tender-feet  that  it  was  thought 
well  to  leave  behind,  nineteen  in  all.  The  sick,  to  their  credit, 
sincerely  regretted  a  condition  that  compelled  their  absence  from 
the  regiment,  and  none  among  them  more  than  Private  Koppcr, 
of  Company  E,  son  of  a  former  Colonel  of  the  regiment,  and 
young  Hubschmidt,  of  Company  I,  brother  of  the  young  man 
who  died  in  Lakeland.  Kopper  had  the  measles  and  Hubschmidt 
had  ruptured  himself  falling  over  a  beam  at  the  sinks.  Of  the 
men  with  cold  feet,  who  feigned  illness  to  be  left  at  home,  or,  who, 
not  feigning  illness,  were  good  for  nothing  abroad,  we  will  not 
speak,  save  to  say  that  few  things  in  farce  or  comedy  could 
equal  the  assumed  sorrow  with  which  these  men  expressed  their 
regrets  at  being  left  at  home.  It  was  enough  to  make  a  cat 
laugh,  and  a  kitten  might  have  shamed  them  with  courage.  We 
forbear  to  mention  their  names;  may  future  history  give  them 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  193 

the  oblivion  they  deserve.  If  it  should  happen  that  at  any 
future  time  one  reading  these  lines  might  think  this  judgment 
harsh,  and  that  mamma's  boys  had  been  sorely  misjudged,  it  is 
recommended  that  they  consult  with  Major  Bell,  Surgeon  of  the 
Regiment,  and,  after  hearing  his  description,  ours  will  be  re 
garded  as  very  tame. 

At  precisely  4.30  of  the  afternoon  of  June  Tth,  the  anticipated 
order  was  received.  Officers'  call  was  at  once  sounded,  solemn 
stillness  reigned  throughout  the  camp,  men  assembled  in  the 
company  streets  ready  to  receive  their  orders  as  soon  as  they 
might  be  received  from  their  First  Sergeants.  The  terms  of  the 
order  were:  Prepare  at  once  to  remove  men,  tents  and  luggage; 
mules  and  wagons  will  be  ready  to  move  you,  leaving  Ybor  City 
at  6.30  p.  m.,  proceeding  to  Port  Tampa,  where  transport  ships 
await ;  provide  twelve  days'  travel  and  fourteen  days'  field  rations. 
By  anyone  at  ail  familiar  with  military  affairs  it  will  readily  be 
seen  that  to  execute  this  order  literally  was  impossible.  Even 
had  mules  and  wagons  been  sent,  which  they  were  not  for  hours, 
all  our  own  having  been  sent  with  the  horses  to  Port  Tampa  to 
be  shipped,  and  had  the  train  been  ready  at  6.30  p.  m.,  which  it 
was  not  until  6.30  the  following  morning,  to  have  struck  tents, 
packed  them  and  other  luggage,  loaded  all  and  marched  the 
troops  for  three  miles  to  Ybor  City  in  two  hours  was  ridiculous, 
even  to  suggest. 

To  one  who  has  heard  all  his  life  of  military  precision  and 
has  had  an  idea  that  orders  were  like  the  voice  of  heaven  speak 
ing,  always  executed  with  regularity,  like  return  of  night  and 
day,  a  campaign  experience  is  very  likely  to  furnish  some  remark 
able  disappointments.  Impossible  orders  are  issued,  trains  are 
never  on  time,  transport  ships  come  hours  after  troops  are 
landed  on  docks;  you  never  know  where  you  are  going  or  when 
13 


194  ANNUAL  KBPORT  OP  THE 

you  will  get  there.  The  truth  is,  war  is  weary  waiting,  and  until 
a  soldier  learns  not  to  think  he  cannot  be  said  to  be  truly  happy. 

The  "  general "  was  sounded  at  the  earliest  practical  moment, 
6.30  p.  m.,  tents  all  dropping  together  in  a  very  satisfactory  man 
ner.  Through  the  failure  of  mules  and  wagons  to  arrive  at  camp 
to  transport  the  luggage  it  was  after  midnight  before  the  regi 
ment  took  up  its  three-mile  march  to  Ybor  City.  The  night  was 
hot  and  close,  and  the  road  very  dusty  for  a  mile  until  we 
reached  the  sidewalk  leading  into  the  city.  The  march  was  un 
eventful  enough,  but  its  weirdness  in  the  early  morning  hours 
and  passing  by  United  States  army  wagons  drawn  by  six  mules 
conveying  luggage  from  several  camps  in  the  neighborhood  made 
it  memorable.  Lieutenant  Williams,  of  Company  I,  with  a  detail, 
had  preceded  us  with  orders  to  ascertain  our  train  and  load  it 
with  our  luggage.  It  was  not  until  11.30  that  any  train  at  all 
appeared  upon  the  track,  and  it  was  only  then  that  this  train, 
said  by  the  authorities  to  be  assigned  to  the  Thirteenth  Infantry, 
was  literally  captured,  loaded  and  held  for  our  benefit.  The 
whole  regiment  was  indebted  to  Lieutenant  Williams  for  this 
assumption  of  authority  and  dignity  which  he  neither  officially 
nor  naturally  possessed.  A  detail  of  Company  F,  under  Captain 
Eafferty,  went  to  Tampa  to  load  ammunition  which  had  been 
left  there  and  was  to  be  picked  up  by  us  en  route  to  Port  Tampa. 
It  was  not  until  6.30  o'clock  the  following  morning  that  the 
train  moved  out  and  we  proceeded  to  Port  Tampa. 

Copy  of  official  order  of  fleet  vessels,  transports  and  convoys 
leaving  Tampa  Bay,  Quarantine  Station,  Tuesday,  June  14th, 
1898,  at  6  p.  m.,  the  Indiana  and  several  of  the  war  ships  meeting 
us  off  Key  West  early  Thursday  morning: 


STATE  HISTORIAN. 


195 


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=  WOMP  ATUCK, 
=  EAGLE. 
AW  =WASP. 

1        -  YOSE>nTE. 


O    =  NAVAL  VESSEL. 


=  TRANSPORT  SHIP. 


196  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

Port  Tampa,  a  distance  of  nine  miles  from  Tampa  city,  was 
reached  about  9  o'clock,  a  long  wait  having  been  made  at  the 
Tampa  station  to  take  on  the  car  in  which  the  ammunition  had 
been  stored,  and  to  give  opportunity  for  the  men  to  eat  their 
breakfasts.  On  arriving  at  Port  Tampa  a  condition  analogous 
to  Bedlam  presented  itself;  train  after  train  filled  with  troops 
and  luggage  pulled  into  the  long  pier.  There  passed  us  on  a 
side  track  before  we  detrained  the  Roosevelt  Rough  Riders,  from 
whom  we  learned  that  they  had  received  orders  to  go  to  Cuba 
dismounted.  Such  a  set  of  disappointed  men  one  seldom  has 
seen.  The  fates  of  war  have  certainly  their  disappointments.  To 
think  of  Theodore  Roosevelt  leaving  the  position  of  Assistant 
Secretary  of  the  Navy  and  organizing  a  regiment  of  expert 
cavalrymen,  at  least  one  company  of  which  is  made  up  of  young 
men  of  high  social  standing  in  New  York,  every  man  in  the 
command  having  furnished  himself  with  expensive  mounts,  sud 
denly  by  an  order  to  be  dismounted  is  certainly  hard  luck.  Our 
entire  regiment,  like  scores  of  others,  had  to  stand  or  sit  for  six 
or  seven  hours  in  hot  sand,  with  no  shelter,  before  the  transport 
ships,  which  were  in  the  outer  bay,  sailed  up  to  the  dock  and  were 
ready  to  receive  the  troops.  Both  Major-Generals  Miles  and 
Shafter  were  there  with  their  staffs;  but  arrangements  seemed 
utterly  ineffectual  for  the  work  in  hand.  The  whole  affair  was, 
as  one  of  the  officers  characteristically  described  it,  "  a  game  of 
grab."  Fortunately  for  the  Seventy-first  Regiment  its  Colonel, 
ordinarily  modest,  persistently  pushed  his  claims,  conformed  to 
conditions,  and  what  he  needed  and  could  not  secure  through 
the  ordinary  channels  took  unappropriated.  At  the  last  moment 
he  was  told  that  only  a  limited  number  of  horses  could  be 
allowed  to  go;  what  they  expected  to  do  with  the  others  nobody 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  197 

seemed  to  know.  One  officer  would  turn  you  over  to  another 
officer,  he  to  a  third,  and  finally  it  would  be  discovered  that  no 
one  knew  what  boat  you  were  going  on,  what  time  the  boats 
would  come  to  the  pier  or  anything  else  which  a  little  system 
and  some  management  might  have  provided.  Under  these  con 
ditions  Colonel  Downs  concluded  to  do  what  was  best  for  the 
regiment  despite  orders  or  the  lack  of  them.  Indeed,  he  was  told 
by  one  officer  to  go  ahead  and  arrange  for  his  regiment  without 
reference  to  orders.  Accordingly,  he  selected  the  "  Vigilancia," 
the  finest  boat  of  the  whole  fleet,  the  newest  boat  of  the  Ward 
Line;  and  to  secure  it  he  sent  Lieutenant-Colonel  Smith  and  a 
detail  of  twelve  men  in  a  small  boat  down  the  bay,  hired  for  the 
purpose,  who,  on  arriving,  informed  the  captain  that  the  "  Vigi 
lancia  "  must  at  once  proceed  to  the  dock  and  take  aboard  the 
Seventy-first  New  York  Volunteers.  It  was  most  fortunate  that 
this  ship  was  secured,  because  not  a  single  command  in  the  fleet 
was  as  large  as  this  regiment,  and  not  another  boat  in  the  fleet 
could  have  held  this  regiment.  As  soon  as  it  came  to  the  pier 
the  regiment  was  boarded  and  immediately,  though  the  men  were 
fatigued  with  the  day's  heat  and  tiresome  waiting,  they  at  once 
turned  in  and  loaded  the  boat  with  tents,  provisions,  luggage 
and  ammunition ;  finally  the  horses  were  put  on  board  —  all  of 
them,  too  —  no  officer  forbidding.  This  kind  of  work  had  been 
going  on  all  day,  and,  indeed,  all  the  night  and  part  of  the  day 
before,  until,  when  the  work  was  finished,  there  were  thirty-nine 
transport  ships,  carrying  eighteen  thousand  troops,  their  lug 
gage  and  ammunition,  horses  and  mules,  wagons  and  carts,  and 
all  other  paraphernalia  of  a  moving  army  of  invasion.  When 
the  fleet  had  started  there  were  seen,  in  addition,  twelve  United 
States  vessels  as  convoys,  floats  for  transferring  troops  and 


198  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

horses  in  tow  of  several  of  the  vessels,  a  small  steam  yacht,  with 
reporters  and  representatives  of  foreign  governments,  the  Hos 
pital  Ship  and  the  flagship,  on  which  were  General  Shafter  and 
his  staff.  Just  as  the  officers  were  being  seated  at  their  first 
meal  in  the  saloon  of  the  "Vigilancia"  the  Division  Quarter 
master  came  aboard  and  announced  that  the  expedition  to  Cuba 
had  been  temporarily  suspended.  More  weary  waiting  followed. 
Indeed,  we  remained  lashed  up  to  the  railroad  dock  until  the 
following  afternoon,  when,  fortunately  for  our  comfort,  we  sailed 
three  miles  down  the  bay  and  anchored  and  there  remained  until 
the  following  Tuesday  night  before  the  fleet  set  sail  for  Cuba, 
Nobody  knew,  but  everybody  guessed,  the  reason  for  the  delay. 
The  best  guess,  because  the  one  confirmed  by  newspapers,  was 
that  President  McKinley's  great  anxiety  to  protect  the  troops, 
having  heard  that  the  Spanish  fleet  had  been  sighted  outside  the 
bay,  had  caused  a  temporary  suspension  of  the  order  to  pro 
ceed.  This,  the  gentle  reader  will  recall,  was  the  reason  why  we 
were  transferred  from  transport  ships  in  New  York  Harbor  to 
trains  in  Jersey  City.  Subsequent  events  proved  that  there  had 
been  no  Spanish  ships  seen  off  the  Massachusetts  coast,  and 
that  the  President's  anxiety  was  unfounded.  In  the  opinion  of 
the  writer  of  this  story  the  President's  anxiety  is  a  myth,  the 
story  of  the  Spanish  warships  a  fake,  and  the  reason  for  delay 
in  sending  the  fleet  to  Cuba  was  simply  its  unreadiness  to  go. 
During  the  five  days'  waiting  at  dock  and  in  Tampa  Bay  the  men 
of  the  regiment  did  little  else,  when  they  were  not  drilling  or 
otherwise  engaged  in  detail  work,  but  loaf,  eat,  sleep  and  grumble. 
Such  an  extraordinary  amount  of  fault-finding  had  never  before 
developed  in  the  command.  Officers  were  as  bad  as  the  men  in 
finding  fault.  Food  was  bad  and  not  enough  of  it,  meals  were 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  199 

poorly  served,  the  service  of  stewards  was  defective,  there  were 
no  chairs  to  sit  on,  exorbitant  charges  were  made  for  beer, 
hours  for  meals  absurdly  inconvenient,  nothing,  in  fact,  was 
right  or  as  it  should  be.  For  a  few  days  and  until  the  fleet  got 
under  way  this  grumbling  was  incessant.  The  truth  is  the  men 
wanted  to  go ;  and  constant  delays  and  no  reason  given  for  them 
became  vexatious.  All  became  happy  the  moment  the  word  was 
given  to  start.  The  truth  also  was  that  the  "  Vigilancia "  was 
the  finest  boat  of  the  fleet,  the  men  of  the  Seventy-first  had 
roomiest  and  best-ventilated  quarters  of  any  in  the  fleet,  and 
that,  much  as  both  men  and  officers  grumbled  at  the  food,  the 
former  were  provided  with  travel  rations  of  such  liberal  and 
excellent  a  quality  that  at  no  time  for  two  weeks  were  there 
six  sick  men  out  of  the  thousand;  and  the  latter,  considering 
that  they  paid  but  a  dollar  a  day,  ought  to  have  been  ashamed 
of  themselves  to  have  found  any  fault.  A  stranger  might  some 
times  think,  in  hearing  soldiers  talk,  that  going  to  war  they 
had  expected  no  hardships,  and  that  boarding  a  transport  ship 
of  the  United  States  Government  they  had  reason  to  expect  fare 
similar  to  that  of  an  Atlantic  liner.  The  few  that  did  not  grumble 
were  quite  ready  and  frank  to  assert  that  the  voyage  on  the 
Atlantic,  furnished  gratuitously  by  the  Government,  was  a  very 
agreeable  diversion,  and  that,  as  far  as  the  officers  were  con 
cerned,  the  meals,  both  in  quality  and  quantity,  were  quite  up 
to  the  average  of  those  they  had  in  their  own  homes.  Of  course, 
men  accustomed  to  Delmonico's  for  daily  meals  were  disappointed 
with  what  they  found  on  the  ship.  These  were  the  growlers. 
They  always  are.  They  are  spotted  before  they  speak. 

Services  were  held  on  board  ship  on  Sunday,  June  12th,  at 
the  early  hour  of  7.30,  the  only  hour  that  could  be  found  con- 


200  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

venient  with  other  appointments.  A  goodly  number  attended  the 
service;  hymns  were  heartily  sung  and  a  sermon  preached,  in 
continuation  of  that  of  the  Sunday  before  on  the  parable  of 
the  Prodigal  Son.  While  we  were  in  the  bay  mails  were  sent  and 
received  daily,  the  last  mail  leaving  the  "  Yigilancia  "  on  Wednes 
day  evening  at  5.30,  when  the  fleet  duly  formed  off  Quarantine 
Station  at  the  entrance  of  Tampa  Bay  and  started  upon  its 
mission  to  Cuba.  The  daily  military  routine  was  observed  aboard 
ship  from  the  beginning,  including  inspection  and  drill  in  the 
manual  of  arms.  On  Monday,  the  13th  of  June,  the  Chaplain 
baptised  Private  Alexander  Jeanisson,  of  Company  G,  in  the 
presence  of  his  Captain  and  a  member  of  his  company.  The 
weather  for  three  days  \vas  continuously  beautiful,  everything 
that  could  be  desired  for  a  pleasant  voyage.  The  course  of  sail 
ing  was  southward  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  and  through  Rebecca 
Channel,  along  Dry  Tortugas,  past  Key  West;  thence  south 
easterly  along  the  northerly  coast  of  Cuba,  standing  out  about 
twenty  miles.  Land  was  sighted  on  the  morning  of  the  17th, 
and  during  the  day  light-houses  were  seen,  both  starboard  and 
port,  as  we  passed  through  the  Great  Bahama  Channel.  Gun 
boats  kept  a  continual  lookout,  but  nothing  occurred  to  make  the 
journey  especially  eventful,  at  least  until  this  time  of  writing, 
4.15  p.  m.,  when  we  have  caught  up  in  our  itinerary  with  the 
progress  of  events.  Hereafter,  so  far  as  is  possible,  we  shall 
record  each  day's  events,  writing  a  real  itinerary,  and  not,  as 
in  the  nature  of  things  this  must  have  been,  a  partial  history. 
What  a  day  will  bring  forth  no  one  knows.  Where  we  are  going 
is,  even  at  this  moment,  a  mystery;  whether  Santiago  or  Porto 
Rico  to-morrow  will  determine. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  201 

Any  old  traveler  knows  that  days  at  sea  are  much  alike;  and, 
though  this  was  an  expedition  to  a  foreign  country  for  purposes 
of  invasion  and  war,  the  experience  on  board  ship  after  the  first 
trials  and  hardening  processes  had  been  endured  was  much  like 
that  of  an  ordinary  sea  voyage.  Days  were  considerably  alike. 
The  weather  was  happily  disappointing,  since  we  had  heard  so 
much  of  the  rainy  season  having  begun,  and,  with  the  exception 
of  one  or  two  showers,  and  these  at  night-time,  we  enjoyed,  day 
after  day,  blue  skies,  comparatively  smooth  sea  and  everything, 
excepting  the  food,  to  make  everyone  happy.  With  every  desire 
to  make  the  best  of  everything,  having  intimated  that  at  the 
start  there  was  no  occasion  for  grumbling  —  the  truth  compels 
us  to  state  that  the  sameness  of  fare  after  the  first  week  aboard 
ship  became  both  distasteful  and  discouraging.  The  experience 
of  the  officers  in  the  saloon  was  not  unlike  this.  It  grew  worse 
each  day,  and  when  finally  everything,  for  some  unknown  reason, 
became  tinctured  with  coal  oil,  it  was  nauseating.  Notwith 
standing  all  this,  to  the  credit  of  the  regiment  it  may  be  said 
that  all  made  the  best  of  what  confessedly  was  a  poor  predica 
ment.  Though  any  comparison  with  the  lot  of  men  in  other 
ships  was  favorable  to  ours,  tedious  delays,  day  after  day,  when, 
for  hours,  for  no  appauent  reason,  the  ships'  propellers  would 
cease  to  revolve  and  the  entire  fleet  would  lay  idle,  floating  on 
a  listless  sea,  became  most  distressing.  Each  morning,  as  we 
would  rise,  we  were  doomed  to  disappointment  to  learn  that  we 
had  sailed  but  a  few  knots  in  the  night,  and  the  days  of  waiting 
or  slow  sailing  were  still  before  us.  If  only  we  could  learn  not 
to  think  and  add  to  this  a  little  ingredient  of  not  to  care,  our 
mental  condition  would  be  that  of  a  perfect  soldier.  But 


202  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

Seventy-first  men  are  not  regulars;  and  not  to  think  nor  guess, 
but  simply  rest  satisfied  with  conditions,  whatever  they  may 
be,  caring  nothing  for  results,  is  a  state  of  mental  inertia  not 
easily  attained  by  the  thoughtful  young  men  who  make  their 
living  in  New  York. 

When  the  voyage  is  over  and  we  forget  its  disquietudes  we 
will  happily  recur  to  events  as  principal  that  are  now  regarded 
as  mere  incidents.  Who,  indeed,  can  ever  forget  the  ultra 
marine  of  the  southern  seas,  bluer  than  sapphire  as  far  as  the 
eye  could  reach,  or  the  gorgeous  colors  of  the  spectrum  seen  all 
over  the  western  sky,  as  daily  the  sun  seemed  to  sink  into  the 
sea,  or  the  mock  sun  that  seemed  to  rise  immediately  after,  occa 
sioned  by  refraction  through  the  attenuated  layers  of  atmosphere 
resting  on  the  horizon.  Tedious  as  the  voyage  seemed  as  a  whole 
there  was  scarcely  an  hour  without  its  diversion,  not  a  time  of 
day  or  night  when  nature  was  not  exhausting  its  beauties  for 
our  constant  entertainment. 

Anticipating  the  possibilities  of  landing  by  small  boats,  the 
Colonel  arranged  that  daily  while  the  regiment  was  waiting 
for  the  fleet  to  sail  from  Tampa  Bay  every  company  was  drilled 
in  boarding,  manning  and  rowing  the  small  boats  of  the  ship; 
in  this  way  in  less  than  a  week  giving  to  every  man  some  experi 
ence  with  small  craft,  and  making  of  most  of  them  sufficiently 
skilled  oarsmen  to  insure  safety  in  event  of  being  obliged  to  use 
them.  Colonel  Downs,  with  characteristic  foresight,  also  ordered 
the  companies,  during  this  period  of  waiting  in  Tampa  Bay,  to 
row  to  the  shore,  there  disembark,  wade  to  the  beach  and  so 
further  perfect  themselves  in  the  art  of.  landing  on  a  beach 
with  a  keel  boat  that  cannot  be  itself  beached  until  emptied  of 
its  cargo.  Unfortunately  some  of  the  companies  exceeding  orders 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  203 

foolishly  stripped  and  bathed  while  their  clothes  were  drying, 
and  paid  a  heavy  penalty  for  their  thoughtlessness  by  suffering 
for  several  days  with  excessive  sunburn  that,  in  some  instances, 
skinned  them  to  the  waist. 

During  all  the  voyage  inspection  was  held  every  day,  when 
company  after  company  would  form  on  the  side  promenade 
decks,  and  on  several  mornings  the  officers  and  men,  with  belts, 
but  not  arms,  were  made  to  march  in  quick-step  around  the 
ship's  decks  sufficient  times  to  make  the  exercise  liberal  and  per 
sonally  profitable.  No  commanding  officer  could  have  given  more 
constant  care  and  personal  attention  to  the  interests  of  his 
men  than  did  Colonel  Downs,  who,  not  until  retreat  was  sounded,, 
ever  allowed  himself  on  any  day  to  sit  down  and  enjoy  that 
luxury  of  rest  which  most  of  the  other  officers,  not  to  their  dis 
credit,  but  much  to  their  comfort,  luxuriantly  indulged.  If 
fault  is  at  all  to  be  found  with  our  new  Colonel,  it  must  be 
against  his  failing  to  detail  wrork  to  other  officers,  all  of  whom 
were  ever  willing,  but  seldom  able,  to  assist  him.  The  most 
minor  detail  of  military  duty  and  personal  care  of  every  man 
in  the  regiment  seemed  to  be  to  Colonel  Downs  a  matter  of 
personal  concern.  To  this  we  are  confident  that  the  men  owe 
more  than  they  ever  will  comprehend,  more  than  they  ever  can 
express. 

But,  do  one's  best,  there  are  inevitable  hardships,  especially 
to  enlisted  men,  in  transporting  troops  across  the  seas.  It 
does  seem  hard  to  deny  any  one  who  is  thirsty  a  glass  of  ice- 
water;  and  yet  to  prevent  a  thousand  men  running  to  one  little 
tank  in  the  saloon,  the  only  one  providing  ice- water  in  the  ship, 
a  guard  has  to  be  placed  at  the  door  preventing  intruders  from 
approaching.  It  also  seems  hard  that  enlisted  men  cannot  have 


204  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

the  privileges  of  the  saloon  of  the  ship  and  must  sleep  in  their 
bunks  in  the  hold  or  along  the  open  decks,  while  colored  ser 
vants  of  officers  run  back  and  forth,  and,  despite  orders  to 
the  contrary,  will,  when  officers  are  asleep,  rest  on  the  settees. 
It  has  been  somewhat  distressing  also  to  know  that  while  our 
enlisted  men  are  confined  to  their  plain  Government  rations,  the 
colored  servants  eat  the  same  things  that  are  served  to  the  offi 
cers,  but,  presumably,  these  things  cannot  be  helped,  if  discipline 
is  to  be  observed.  The  only  boat  thus  far  seen,  not  of  our  fleet, 
was  a  little  Norwegian  craft  bound  for  New  Orleans  that  passed 
us  in  the  Great  Bahama  Channel.  We  presume  that  the  small 
number  of  ships  seen  is  due  to  commerce  being  injuriously 
affected  by  the  present  war.  From  time  to  time  during  the 
voyage  classes  of  instruction  for  non-commissioned  officers  were 
held  and  everything  done  that  could  assist  in  the  proper  prepara 
tion  for  anticipated  contests. 

Sunday,  the  19th  of  June,  was  a  perfect  day  at  sea,  trade- 
winds  blowing  steadily,  cooling  the  temperature,  the  sea  suffi 
ciently  rough  to  give  life  to  sailing,  but  not  causing  much  dis 
comfiture.  Some,  however,  succumbed  to  mal-de-mer,  and  a  con 
siderable  number  lay  about  the  decks  looking  disconsolate. 
Inspection  drills  and  marching  about  the  decks  took  place  as 
usual  at  an  early  hour,  policing  was  carefully  attended  to 
throughout  the  ship  and  everything  soon  settled  down  for  the 
pleasantest  and  most  interesting  day  of  the  voyage.  Shortly 
before  noon  Great  Inagua  Island  was  sighted  to  the  northward, 
and  two  boats,  the  "  Olivette "  and  the  "  Helena,"  changed 
course,  turned  aside  from  the  fleet  and  made  for  the  coast.  They 
were  not  seen  again  until  Monday  morning.  The  object  of  their 
putting  into  this  island  is  yet  unknown  to  us.  Were  it  not  that 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  205 

it  is  known  that  there  is  no  cable  communication  to  be  found 
there,  we  might  think  that  it  was  for  the  purpose  of  sending 
or  receiving  news.  As  it  is,  guesses  are  numerous  and  knowl 
edge  scarce. 

Divine  service  was  held  in  the  saloon  at  1  p.  m.,  the  hour 
decided  upon  by  the  Colonel  as  most  convenient  for  all  con 
cerned,  and.  though  at  this  time  the  sea  was  fairly  rough  and 
the  motion  considerable,  a  goodly  number  of  officers  and  men 
attended.  Statistics  of  the  religious  predilections  and  other  im 
portant  information  concerning  the  regiment  have  been  obtained 
during  this  voyage  by  order  of  the  Colonel,  which,  as  soon  as 
they  are  tabulated,  will  be  copied  in  this  book  for  permanent 
record.  Anticipating  conclusions  drawn  from  such,  we  would 
say  that  fully  two  hundred  and  fifty  (250)  of  the  regiment  are 
Roman  Catholics.  Protestants  of  every  name  and  kind  are  fully 
represented,  and,  as  will  always  happen  where  a  large  number 
of  young  men  are  hastily  recruited  for  war,  there  are  many  who 
give  to  religion  little  or  no  concern.  Again,  though  the  number 
may  be  small,  there  are  those  whose  lives  are  such  that  they 
become  antagonistic  to  religion  of  any  kind,  and  may  even,  with 
out  any  reason,  resent  the  intrusion  of  an  officer  whose  function 
it  is  to  preach  and  to  minister  to  their  spiritual  needs.  Consider 
ing  these  things,  attendance  upon  Divine  service,  held  always 
at  an  hour  when  some  who  would  like  to  attend  cannot  because 
detailed  to  other  duties,  has  been  excellent  and  satisfactory. 
After  the  service  of  morning  prayer,  which  was  heartily  rendered, 
the  Chaplain  preached  a  sermon  from  Psalms  LXXIII,  15,  at  the 
conclusion  of  which  he  cordially  invited  all  baptised  Christians 
who  were  duly  prepared  to  receive  the  Sacrament  of  the  Lord's 
Supper,  which  at  once  followed.  There  were  seventy-six  who 


206  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

remained  to  receive,  a  most  gratifying  number,  highly  encourag 
ing  to  one  who,  not  without  difficulties  and  discouragements,  is 
in  the  command  solely  to  do  good. 

The  rest  of  the  day  passed  uneventfully,  but  very  pleasantly, 
the  Hospital  being  visited  by  the  Chaplain  later  in  the  day, 
hymns  sung  in  the  after-deck  in  the  early  hours  of  the  evening. 
Though  the  voyage  has  been  long  and  tedious  and  delays  fre 
quent  and  vexatious,  the  men  are  standing  the  strain  very  well, 
and,  considering  causes  for  reasonable  complaint,  are  behaving 
very  creditably.  On  Saturday  evening  the  enlisted  men  from  the 
several  companies  entertained  the  officers  and  others  with  a  very 
creditable  entertainment,  the  same  men  who  managed  a  similar 
concert  in  the  Lakeland  camp  superintending  this,  Private  Harry 
Johnson  and  Corporal  Myer,  of  Company  F.  The  following  was 
the  program : 

Monologue Private  William  Murtagh,  Company  B. 

Song  Selections Private  Jack  Shaw,  Company  F, 

Song Private  William  Roby,  Company  C. 

Recitation Private  G.  Ferguson,  Company  E. 

"  Rag  Time  Jimmy  " Private  J.  Canning,  Company  I. 

Songs  and  Stories Private  Tony  Ess,  Company  H. 

On  the  morning  of  the  20th  the  highlands  off  the  southern  coast 
of  Cuba  were  plainly  visible,  the  fleet  having  passed  through  the 
Windward  Passage  during  the  night.  It  was  found  at  8  a.  m. 
that  we  were  off  the  Port  of  Guantanamo,  where  it  was  supposed 
we  should  land,  but  soon  orders  came  to  proceed  on  our  course 
towards  Santiago.  All  began  to  prepare  to  disembark  after 
inspection,  there  being  no  further  drills  during  the  day. 

About  9  a.  m.  the  fleet  came  to  a  halt  about  twelve  miles  off 
the  entrance  to  Santiago,  when  the  "  Seguranca,"  on  which  was 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  207 

General  Shafter  and  his  staff,  was  seen  to  put  in  to  the  shore. 
The  fleet  lay  off  the  port,  evidently  awaiting  orders.  The  steam 
ship  "  Olivette,"  headquarters  for  newspaper  correspondents, 
steamed  alongside  the  "  Vigilancia,"  as  did  also  several  small 
tugs,  discovered  to  be  despatch  boats  for  the  Sun,  Journal  and 
Associated  Press.  Fortunately  we  were  able  to  signal  to  them 
that  the  Seventy-first  were  in  good  condition,  and,  with  few 
exceptions,  none  serious,  all  well.  We  were  somewhat  dis 
appointed  that  none  of  these  despatch  boats  came  to  us  for 
further  information,  but  gratified  that  they  moved  away  in  the 
the  direction  of  Jamaica,  about  120  miles  to  the  southwest,  and 
that,  perhaps,  an  evening  edition  of  that  day  and  certainly  a 
morning  edition  of  the  morrow  would  give  to  our  friends  at  home 
the  news  of  our  reaching  Santiago  and  the  excellent  physical 
condition  of  the  regiment.  The  fleet  lay  idly  drifting  about  all 
day  long.  Towards  evening  orders  were  received  for  the  fleet 
to  move  out  from  the  shore,  which  it  did  some  twelve  or  fifteen 
miles  to  the  southward,  where  it  remained  over  night.  Travel 
rations  are  becoming  exhausted.  Up  to  this  time  the  ship  has 
been  using  its  own  stores,  supplying  food  for  the  officers  at  the 
rate  of  one  dollar  each  per  day  —  a  sum,  considering  that  the 
quality  of  the  food  has  been  deteriorating  from  the  start,  re 
garded  by  all  as  extortionate.  What  will  be  done  if  we  are  to 
remain  on  board  much  longer  is  a  subject  of  deep  concern  to  the 
Colonel  and  Commissary  and  of  much  speculation  by  all. 

The  beautiful  sunset  brought  the  day  to  an  end,  and  the  brief 
hours  of  twilight  were  spent  in  listening  to  an  excellent  concert 
by  our  Drum  Corps  and  Buglers,  who,  with  their  limited  re 
sources,  having  improved  daily  during  the  campaign,  now  play 
very  creditably.  All  retired  at  an  early  hour,  having  prepared 


208  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

to  leave  the  ship  during  the  day  and  somewhat  limited,  therefore, 
in  provision  for  proper  retirement  and  sleep.  On  awaking  in 
the  morning  requests  were  numerous  for  combs,  brushes  and 
other  needed  articles  which  had  been  safely  packed  away  the 
previous  day.  The  fleet  was  found  relatively  in  the  same  posi 
tion  as  when  lights  were  put  out,  except  that  the  "  Seguranca  " 
had  returned.  Rumors,  at  all  times  frequent,  began  to  multiply. 
Everybody  had  'a  theory  of  what  would  take  place.  Nothing 
actually  did  take  place.  If  the  propeller  turned  a  few  times 
to  enable  the  ship  to  hold  its  relative  place  in  the  fleet,  there 
were  those,  who,  speaking  with  quasi-authority,  would  claim  that 
we  wore  starting  for  Porto  Rico.  If  the  boat  happened  for  a 
second  to  point  in  the  other  direction,  these  same  prophets  an 
nounced  that  we  were  going  to  Jamaica.  When  we  did  not 
move  at  all,  they  said  wait  and  see.  We  did  wait,  but  we  did 
not  see.  Surgeon  Bell  was  as  prolific  with  his  rumors  as  with 
his  pills,  but  not  as  efficient.  No  word  came  to  us  from  shore. 
Nothing  was  signaled  from  headquarters.  Removed  but  a  few 
miles  from  Santiago,  we  lay  drifting  all  day  long,  the  usual 
routine  of  inspection,  march  about  the  decks  and  guard  duty 
being  observed.  There  is  not  a  man  on  board  that  would  not 
prefer  to  land  and  face  the  uncertainties  of  a  campaign  in  a 
strange  and  foreign  country  to  this  listless  drifting  in  the  open 
sea.  Considering  that  over  a  thousand  men  had  been  aboard 
over  two  weeks  and  in  this  time  have  journeyed  but  a  thousand 
miles,  now,  having  reached  our  destination,  our  lying  about  day 
after  day  awaiting  orders  to  land,  the  physical  health  and  gen 
eral  condition  of  the  regiment  are  remarkably  good;  but  three 
men  are  in  bed  in  the  Hospital,  one  of  these  has  a  cut  in  his 
foot,  the  others  suffering  slightly  from  diarrhcea.  This  is  due 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  209 

to  the  constant  care  and  excellent  attention  of  the  Surgeons, 
also  to  the  simple  fare  of  travel  rations,  which,  however  much 
disliked,  cannot  be  unwholesome. 

It  poured  in  showers,  both  last  night  and  this  morning,  and 
rumor  has  it  that  we  are  likely  to  have  such  weather  as  this 
daily  until  autumn.  During  the  shower  in  the  early  afternoon 
a  fine  water-spout  was  visible  on  the  Santiago  shore,  and  for  a 
brief  half  hour  became  the  attraction  and  diversion  of  many. 

Colonel  Greene,  when  first  appointing  the  Chaplain  caterer 
to  the  field  and  staff  officers'  mess,  regarded  the  appointment 
as  temporary,  to  last  until  the  regiment  would  get  into  the  field. 
The  Chaplain  himself  soon  discovered  that  the  work  was  not 
wholly  congenial,  involving  business  relations  with  the  servants 
and  men  which  might  interfere  with  the  exercise  of  his  personal 
influence  and  office.  On  boarding  the  steamer,  arrangements 
having  been  made  for  the  ship  to  furnish  food  to  the  officers, 
it  happened  several  times  that  the  Chaplain  was  requested  to 
convey  orders  from  the  commanding  officer  to  the  stewards  and 
cooks,  which  placed  him  in  the  position  of  seeming  to  be  respon 
sible  for  all  arrangements  made,  for  feeding  both  officers  and 
men.  This  quickly  giving  rise  to  mistaken  ideas,  the  Chaplain 
suggested  to  the  Colonel  the  impropriety  of  a  clergyman  holding 
such  a  position  and  executing  such  a  detail,  and  at  his  own  re 
quest  Colonel  Downs  at  once  relieved  him,  Lieutenant-Colonel 
Smith  succeeding  him  as  caterer  to  the  officers'  mess.  This  is 
as  it  should  be.  A  business  man  does  a  business  man's  work, 
and  the  Chaplain's  time  is  given  to  the  preparation  of  the  regi 
mental  history,  writing  of  a  large  correspondence  in  connection 
with  his  office  in  the  regiment  and  such  other  suitable  work  to 
which  the  commanding  officer  may  assign  him. 
14 


210  ANNUAL  EEPORT  OF  THE 

A  member  of  the  regiment,  having  thoughtlessly  sent  a  com 
munication  to  the  Herald  stating  that  we  had  insufficient  food, 
was  the  occasion  of  a  man  in  the  city,  conspicuous  as  a  veteran 
of  a  regiment  which  had  refused  to  enlist  at  the  President's  call, 
sending  a  check  for  fifty  dollars  ($50)  to  the  Chaplain,  with 
explicit  directions  "  to  feed  the  starving  men  of  the  Seventy- 
first."  In  this  same  copy  of  the  Herald  that  stated  the  men 
were  starving  in  the  Seventy-first  we  read,  with  some  sense  of 
shame,  a  telegram  from  Colonel  Duffy  stating  that  no  one  was 
starving  or  grumbling  in  the  Sixty-ninth;  that  all  were  satisfied 
with  what  the  Government  was  doing  for  them  and  were  ready 
to  go  and  fight  for  their  country.  Influenced  by  the  considera 
tion  that  even  in  an  open  market,  away  from  the  extortions  of 
the  villains  aboard  ship,  fifty  dollars  applied  to  feeding  a  regi 
ment  of  a  thousand  men  would  give  each  man  an  allowance  of 
five  cents,  indignant  that  anybody  should  whine  to  the  news 
papers  that  men  of  the  Seventy-first  were  starving,  above  all 
unwilling  that  any  stay-at-home  soldiers  should  have  credit  for 
feeding  those  whose  patriotism  had  presumbaly  lead  them  to 
leave  home,  and,  if  necessary,  do  some  starving,  the  Chaplain 
at  once  indorsed  this  check  to  the  man  who  sent  it  and  returned 
it  to  him  with  thanks.  For  this  act  he  was  publicly  commended 
by  the  Colonel,  who  remarked  that  he  had  done  exactly  right. 

The  story  of  the  fleet  lying  idle  off  shore  where  field  glasses 
plainly  descry  Commodore  Sampson's  fleet  and  the  partially 
demolished  Morro  at  the  entrance  to  the  harbor  is  much  the 
same  from  day  to  day.  Lieutenant-Colonel  Smith  has,  on  various 
occasions,  given  most  interesting  and  profitable  instructions  of 
greatest  value  to  non-commissioned  officers.  Overhearing  a  por 
tion  of  one  of  these  instructions  has  suggested  to  us  a  field  of 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  211 

great  influence,  not  only  for  lieutenant-colonels  in  general,  but 
for  ours  in  particular,  who  seems  unusually  qualified  for  such 
service.  Captains  have  from  time  to  time  instructed  their  offi 
cers  in  possible  complications  of  the  field  and  how  to  master 
them;  the  time  of  voyaging  has  thus  been  utilized  to  its  fullest 
extent  for  the  benefit  of  the  command. 

While  the  regiment  was  aboard  the  transport  ship  "  Seneca  " 
in  New  York  Bay  Private  Dattwyler,  Company  F,  went  ashore 
without  leave  on  a  lighter,  as  was  subsequently  learned  from  him 
to  see  his  dying  sister,  not  one  word  of  which  was  discovered  to- 
be  true,  his  mission  really  being  to  see  some  living  sister  in 
Hoboken.  A  week  later  his  father  reported  to  the  commanding 
officer  at  Camp  Black,  near  Hempstead,  that  his  son  was  ready 
to  report  again  for  duty.  General  Roe  commanded  him  to  be 
placed  under  charge  of  Colonel  Hardin,  of  the  Second  Provisional 
Regiment,  New  York  Volunteers,  who  would  take  him  south 
when  his  regiment  went  to  Chickamauga,  and  when  convenient 
transfer  him  to  the  authorities  of  the  Seventy-first.  He,  accord 
ingly,  turned  up  at  Tampa  Heights,  having  been  sent  there  from 
Chickamauga,  was  court  martialed,  tried  and  sentenced  to  a 
fine  of  thirty  days'  pay  and  ten'  days'  imprisonment.  The  best 
of  regiments  will  have  some  bad  and  some  indifferent  men  in  it. 
The  Seventy-first  claims  to  be  among  the  best,  and  its  own 
record,  together  with  the  popular  estimation  of  it,  tend  to  con 
firm  the  claim.  It  does  not  however,  pretend  that  all  its  men 
are  what  they  ought  to  be,  even  to  make  them  average  good 
men,  say  nothing  of  good  soldiers.  Living  under  the  constrained 
condition  of  ship  revealed  the  existence  among  us  of  those,  not 
many,  to  be  sure,  but  some  who  did  not  know  the  difference 
between  "  meum  '•  and  "  tuum,"  or,  knowing,  were  not  above  de- 


212  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

meaning  themselves  as  professional  crooks.  Articles  were  miss 
ing  from  the  soldiers7  bunks  which  could  not  have  been  taken  by 
others  than  soldiers — money  and  other  valuables  purloined  from 
officers7  rooms  which  may  have  been  taken  by  colored  servants, 
all  too  many  of  which  quickly  and  without  sufficient  care  engaged 
at  Port  Tampa.  So  anxious  were  these  ne'er-do-wells  to  go  to 
Cuba  that  several  stowaways  were  subsequently  discovered  and 
returned  to  their  homes  before  the  fleet  sailed.* 

At  5  o'clock  Thursday,  June  23rd,  the  "  Seguranca  "  steamed 
alongside  the  "  Vigilancia "  and  General  Shafter,  commanding 
Fifth  Army  Corps,  standing  upon  the  bridge,  summoned  Colonel 
Downs,  ordering  him  to  begin  unloading  his  men  at  once,  to  work 
all  night,  each  man  to  take  one  hundred  rounds  of  ammunition 
and  rations  for  three  days. 

The  great  applause  of  the  men,  anxious  to  get  on  shore,  almost 
prevented  the  orders  being  heard. 

Siboney  is  a  small  village,  lying  directly  on  the  coast  back  of 
an  abrupt  sandy  beach,  about  sixteen  miles  east  of  Santiago. 

Some  other  troops  had  previously  been  disembarked  at  Baiquiri 
which  was  made  a  principal  base  of  supplies;  both  of  these 
places  had  previously  been  bombarded  by  the  naval  vessels, 
preparatory  to  the  landing  of  troops.  A  feint  was  made  to  land 
troops  at  Aquadores,  which  was  also  bombarded,  the  attempt 
here  being  made  to  deceive  the  Spaniards  as  to  the  real  place, 

Nota  Bener* 

I.  Nothing-  was  written  in  this  book  until  August  twelfth,  aboard  the 
S.  S.  "  La  Grande  Duchesse,"  records  meanwhile  having  been  kept  upon 
scraps  of  paper  in  pencil  both  by  the  Chaplain  and  Private  French,  his 
amanuensis,  while  in  Cuba,  and  separated  from  all  books,  tables  and 
facilities  for  permanent  writing  of  records. 

II.  Private  French  of  Company  "  F,"  being  seriously  ill  with  yellow 
fever,   Captain  Rafferty   of  this   company   appointed   Private  Booth  to 
assist  as  amanuensis. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  213 

of  landing;  this  attempt  proved  entirely  successful,  as  all  the 
troops  were  landed  without  any  opposition  from  the  enemy. 

Preparations  began  at  once,  and  by  7  o'clock  all  was  bustle 
on  board  the  "  Vigilancia." 

Little  knew  we  to  what  we  were  going  or  how  much  we  should 
experience  before  again  we  should  see  the  luggage  which  we 
left  on  shore. 

The  work  of  landing  and  loading  the  troops  continued  all 
night;  not  until  four  o'clock  in  the  morning  were  the  last  of  them 
on  shore. 

The  large  yawls  and  steam  launches  of  the  war  ships  would 
draw  alongside  the  companionways,  down  which  men  went  singly 
in  heaviest  marching  order,  and  stood  in  the  yawls  until  suffi 
ciently  near  to  the  shore  to  jump  from  the  bow  into  the  surf 
and  make  for  dry  land ;  the  shore  at  this  point  was  a  very  abrupt 
beach,  the  surf  ran  high  and  the  undertow  was  severe.  The 
wonder  is  that  this  whole  army  corps  was  thus  landed  with  but 
the  loss  of  two  men,  members  of  a  colored  regiment,  drowned  in 
the  attempt  to  board  the  yawl. 

It  was  early  dawn  of  Friday,  June  24th,  when  the  Seventy- 
first,  now  entirely  landed,  bivouacked  on  the  Siboney  beach  and 
at  once  breakfasted. 

One  saw  stretching  back  from  the  beach  a  series  of  foothills, 
terminating  everywhere  in  lofty  mountains;  these  were  all 
thickly  wooded,  rank  with  luxuriant  underbrush.  The  mountain 
trails  were  poorly  developed  and  could  accommodate  but  one 
foot  passenger,  not  being  room  for  two  abreast  in  any  place 
along  their  tortuous  windings. 

Back  of  the  little  plain  at  Siboney  and  extending  up  the  valley 
was  the  only  road  to  Santiago,  a  most  miserable  affair,  abso- 


214  ANNUAL  KEPORT  OF  THE 

lutely  incapable  of  accommodating  the  ordinary  country  traffic 
and  utterly  inadequate  to  the  needs  of  army  transportation. 

So  bad  was  this  road  that  after  weeks  of  engineering  opera 
tions  troops  at  the  front  could  not  be  fed  because  of  the  impos 
sibility  of  transporting  commissary  supplies. 

At  Siboney  one  found  a  visit  to  the  little  miserable  reed  huts 
close  by  the  shore  very  interesting.  Notwithstanding  the  squalor 
which  one  there  witnessed,  there  was  a  picturesqueness  about 
the  group  of  thatched  huts  in  a  grove  of  cocoanut  palms  which 
made  the  scene  long  to  be  remembered. 

There  were  instances  of  landing  numerous  and  amusing. 
Everybody  expected  to  get  his  feet  wet;  some  were  surprised  by 
getting  their  whole  bodies  wet.  The  sight  of  Adjutant  Abeel 
sprawling  on  all  fours  and  clambering  through  the  slimy  surf 
was  a  theme  for  an  artist.  Especially  humiliating  was  this  to 
the  doughty  Adjutant,  when  the  corpulent  Chaplain  immediately 
made  a  successful  and  dry  landing,  amid  the  surprise  and  ap 
plause  of  those  on  shore  who  witnessed  the  spectacle. 

After  breakfasting  on  the  beach,  where  there  were  several 
regiments  of  regulars,  the  men  wandered  about  the  little  Cuban 
hamlet  and  witnessed  in  the  huts  destitution  and  starvation,  such 
as  absolutely  beggars  description.  The  fathers  of  these  families 
were  Cuban  insurgents,  soldiers  out  in  the  mountains,  doing 
guerilla  work  under  General  Garcia. 

For  miles  about  the  country  houses  had  been  burned,  prop 
erty  destroyed,  homes  desecrated  and  pillaged  and  all  women  and 
children  concentrated  in  town,  like  this  at  Siboney,  were  called 
"  Keconcentrados,"  were  miserably  treated  and  nearly  starved. 

This  was  General  Weyler's  plan  to  exterminate  the  insurgent 
spirit  in  Cuba,  involving  necessarily  the  extermination  of  the  in 
surgents  themselves. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  215 

Beyond  this  Siboney  beach,  to  the  west,  at  the  base  of  the  first 
foothills  and  directly  upon  the  bluff,  coral  coast,  there  was  a 
collection  of  houses,  cheap  and  poorly  built,  in  which  had  lived 
the  workmen  on  the  railroad  running  from  the  mining  camp  at 
Firmeza,  some  three  miles  distant  in  the  mountains  through 
Siboney,  and  along  the  coast  to  Santiago;  there  were  also  here 
a  large  engine  house,  with  several  lathes  and  other  machinery 
within  its  walls,  adjoining  which  was  another  building  of  con 
siderable  size  used  as  an  office,  tool-house  and  railway  station. 

The  Seventy-first  pitched  camp  in  the  large  engine  house,  the 
Adjutant  took  the  tool-house  as  his  office,  and  the  Colonel  and 
his  staff  and  field  officers  established  headquarters  in  the  house 
adjacent,  where,  until  the  time  of  bombardment,  the  Spanish 
Colonel  in  charge  of  all  forces  at  Siboney  had  resided. 

Everywhere  one  could  see  at  the  summit  of  the  hills  the  promi 
nent,  securely  built  and  strongly  fortified  block-houses,  which 
had  been  used  effectively  in  the  war  with  the  insurgents  and  were 
destined  to  play  such  an  important  part  in  the  subsequent  engage 
ments  with  the  American  forces;  our  naval  bombardment  had 
been  so  effectual  that  all  the  houses  had  been  wholly  deserted, 
much  stuff  in  them  being  left,  and  not  a  sign  of  a  Spaniard  was 
visible. 

Men  of  best  judgment,  however,  were  not  mislead  by  the  un 
opposed  landing  of  our  troops,  even  when  they  learned  from  the 
remaining  Cubans  at  Siboney  that  the  Spanish  Colonel  had  been 
torn  asunder  in  the  midst  by  an  exploded  shell,  and  that  all 
Spanish  troops  had  fled  toward  Santiago ;  our  officers  still  feared 
and  felt  that  they  were  not  far  distant  in  the  mountains  and 
that  they  could  and  would  soon  be  found. 

These  expectations  were  sadly  and  unfortunately  realized,  for 
in  a  very  few  hours  after  landing  the  enemy  fired  upon  our 


216  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

troops,  and  the  first  engagement  of  the  United  States  army  on 
Cuban  soil  took  place  at  Las  Guasimas. 

There  had  been  a  battle  a  few  days  previously  at  Guantanamo 
when  some  marines  from  one  of  our  war  vessels  landed  and  had 
a  successful  scrimmage  with  some  Spaniards,  not  escaping  with 
out  some  loss,  though  slight,  in  killed  and  wounded.  But  the 
engagement  of  Las  Guasimas  was  the  first  of  the  United  States 
army  on  the  Island  of  Cuba. 

Shortly  after  breakfast  we  saw  ascending  the  mountain  path, 
to  the  west  of  Siboney  beach,  the  First  United  States  Volunteer 
Cavalry,  commonly  and  famously  known  as  Roosevelt's  Rough 
Riders,  though  Colonel  Wood  commanded  them,  and,  like  all 
cavalry  troops  in  this  campaign,  the  riders  were  dismounted; 
there  was  no  place  for  horses  in  a  country  like  this.  These  Roose 
velt  Rough  Riders  were  Wood's  Rough  Walkers,  and,  as  was  sub 
sequently  learned,  walked  right  into  a  body  of  Spanish  troops 
thicketed  in  the  jungle  some  four  miles  along  the  trail  toward 
Sevilla.  Orders  came  to  us  about  9  o'clock  for  the  Seventy-first 
Regiment  at  once  to  proceed  along  the  trail  where  had  gone 
the  First  United  States  Cavalry  and  reinforce  them,  our  troops 
having  encountered  the  enemy,  met  with  heavy  losses  and  been 
repulsed.  When  we  learned  the  real  truth  of  the  rumor  all  but 
the  repulse  proved  to  be  so.  The  Seventy-first  got  under  way  in 
a  few  moments.  Every  man  in  it  was  ready  for  any  duty  he 
might  confront.  We  had  gone  but  a  little  way,  when  returning 
wounded  men  confirmed  our  fears  of  a  stern  battle,  and  made 
us  fearful  that  victory  would  not  be  ours.  General  Hawkins* 

*Hamilton  Smith  Hawkins.  Born  in  South  Carolina.  Appointed  from  New  York.  Cadet , 
United  States  Military  Academy,  July  1,  1852,  to  January  31,  1855;  second  lieutenant  6th 
infantry  April  26,  1861;  first  lieutenant  May  14,  1861;  regimental  quartermaster  December 
25,  1861.  to  September  20,  1863;  captain  September  20,  1863;  major  10th  infantry  October  31, 
1883;  lieutenant-colonel  23d  infantry  February  17,  1889;  commandant  of  cadets,  United  States 
military  academy,  1888-1892;  colonel  10th  infantry  Augui«t  13,  1894;  transferred  to  20th 
infantry  September  15,  1894;  brigadier-general  volunteers  May  4,  1898;  major-general  vol 
unteers  November  30,  1898;  brigadier-general  United  States  army  September  28,  1898;  retired 
October  4,  1898. — STATE  HISTORIAN. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  217 

ordered  the  Seventy-first  to  precede  the  First  Regiment  of  the 
brigade,  and  followed  himself  with  the  Sixth  and  Sixteenth 
Infantry,  Regulars.  On  went  the  Seventy-first  Regiment  over 
rocks  arid  through  thorns  and  past  cacti  and  struggling  in  thick 
underbrush  for  some  four  miles,  when  just  beyond  a  block-house 
that  had  been  depopulated,  in  which  Captain  Heindsrnann,  of 
Company  C,  having  been  affected  by  the  sun,  took  temporary 
shelter,  word  came  for  the  regiment  to  halt  and  await  further 
orders.  These  came  in  about  half  an  hour,  much  to  the  dis 
appointment  of  our  men,  directing  the  brigade  to  return  in  route 
step  to  Siboney,  which  it  at  once  proceeded  to  do. 

Up  to  this  time  no  horses  bad  been  put  ashore.  Had  they 
been  landed,  they  could  not  have  been  used  in  this  march.  No 
horse  could  have  gone  along  that  trail.  All  officers  made  the 
hot  and  weary  march,  the  Chaplain,  much  to  his  own  gratifica 
tion  and  the  surprise  of  some  thin  ones  who  dropped  by  the  way, 
having  successfully  finished  the  journey.  Along  in  the  afternoon 
wounded  men  were  brought  in,  filling  several  of  the  houses  along 
the  shore,  which  were  hastily  turned  into  use  for  hospitals,  and 
further  particulars  of  the  Las  Guasimas  battle  were  learned. 

It  seemed  that  Brigadier-General  Young's  Second  Brigade  of 
Cavalry  had  gone  up  the  valley  road  with  instructions  to  sur 
round  the  enemy,  if  possible,  and  prevent  their  retreat  into  Santi 
ago.  The  First  United  States  Cavalry  was  directed  to  proceed 
along  the  mountain  trail  to  the  southward  with  a  similar  object 
in  view.  As  these  latter  proceeded  along  the  path  and  through 
thick  bushes,  quite  unmindful  of  the  nearness  of  the  enemy,  they 
received  a  volley  of  shots,  which  at  once  proved  destructive  and 
demoralizing.  The  Spanish  using  smokeless  powder,  it  was  not 
possible  to  discover  their  position.  Volley  after  volley  came 


218  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

into  the  ranks  of  the  First  Cavalry,  and  simultaneously,  as  I 
have  heard,  though  of  this  there  is  lacking  information,  the 
Spanish  engaged  General  Young's  Cavalry  Brigade  along  the 
valley  road  to  the  northward  of  Las  Guasimas,  between  Siboney 
and  Sevilla.  Our  troops  fought  bravely  and  well.  Hamilton 
Fish,  Jr.,  of  New  York,  Sergeant  of  Company  K,  was  killed 
instantly  among  the  first.  Captain  Allyn  Capron*  also  lost  his 
life  in  this  battle.  The  Adjutant  of  Roosevelt's  Rough  Riders 
ran  back  to  the  rear  and  reported  that  Colonel  Wood  was  dead. 
This  proved  to  be  false.  It  is  commonly  believed  that  this  Adju 
tant  lost  his  head  on  this  occasion.  There  were  some  twenty 
killed  and  seventy  wounded  in  this  engagement.  All  night  long 
the  Surgeons  worked  over  the  wounded,  our  own  Major  Bell 
rendering  most  valuable  assistance  until  by  early  dawn  all  had 
been  transferred  to  the  steamer  "  Olivette,"  where  they  were 
comfortable  and  received  every  ministration  needed  for  their  cure. 
On  Saturday  Lieutenant-Colonel  Smith  was  detailed  to  board 
the  "  Vigilancia  "  and  get  our  horses  on  shore.  The  whole  day 
was  spent  at  the  work.  The  captain  of  the  "  Vigilancia,"  an 
old  man  and  over-cautious,  was  timid  about  taking  his  boat  near 
enough  to  shore  for  the  horses  to  swim  there.  Another  transport 
having  jammed  into  his  port  bow  made  him  more  cautious.  At 
last  Captain  Goodrich,  United  States  Navy,  commanding  the 
"Harvard"  (formerly  "New  York,"  of  the  American  Line),  who 
had  full  charge  of  all  the  transportation  of  troops  and  stores, 
came  on  board,  proceeded  to  the  bridge,  and  with  masterly  skill 
brought  the  ship,  though  a  good  sized  vessel,  very  close  to  the 

*A.llyn  Kissam  Capron.  Born  in  New  York.  Appointed  from  the  army.  Private,  cor 
poral  and  sergeant  troop  B,  4th  cavalry,  October  20,  1890,  to  November  3,  1893;  second  lieu 
tenant  5th  infantry  October  7,  1893;  transferred  to  7th  cavalry  November  30,  1894;  captain 
1st  United  States  volunteer  cavalry  (Rough  Riders)  May  10,  1898;  killed  June  24,  1898,  in 
battle  of  Las  Guasimas,  Cuba,  aged  27  years. — STATE  HISTORIAN-. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  219 

windward  shore,  and  at  last,  turning  her  bow  seaward,  anchored 
her  about  one-fourth  of  a  mile  from  the  Siboney  coast.  Each  of 
the  eleven  horses  was  then  swung  in  a  sling  and  dropped  by 
derrick  alongside  the  ship,  when  men  in  a  yawl  led  it  by  a  halter,, 
only  letting  it  go  when  near  enough  to  shore  to  feel  sure  that  the 
horse  would  at  once  make  for  it.  In  this  way  all  were  landed 
without  accident.  It  was  then  discovered  that  several  had 
developed  very  sore  backs  during  the  sixteen  days  that  they  had 
been  in  the  hold  of  the  vessel,  and  that,  though  there  were  hostlers 
enough  to  do  it,  they  had  not  taken  good  care  of  their  charges. 

Sunday,  the  26th,  was  a  very  busy  day,  so  many  details  from 
our  regiment  being  required  for  brigade  and  division  duty,  even 
whole  companies  having  been  sent  to  bring  from  the  boats  to  the 
shore  and  thence  to  the  different  commands  additional  ammuni 
tion,  needed  commissary  stores  and  other  things  evidently  being 
got  together  for  an  early  contemplated  attack  upon  the  enemy. 
We  sent  Sergeant  Howe,  of  Company  E,  a  locomotive  engineer, 
to  make  alive  a  dead  engine,  which  the  Spanish  had  sought  to 
destroy,  and  which  was  afterward  extensively  used  for  trans 
ferring  both  troops  and  luggage  into  Santiago,  also  yellow  fever 
patients  to  their  excluded  station  in  Firmeza.  Of  professional 
men,  or  men  with  any  unusual  ability,  the  enlisted  soldiers  of  the 
regular  army  numbered  very  few,  but  the  Seventy-first  Kegiment 
had  plenty.  Statistics  on  this  subject,  a  copy  of  which  Adjutant 
Abeel  has  promised  to  supply  for  this  history,  show  how  diversi 
fied  is  the  talent,  how  well  represented  are  the  various  profes 
sions  and  how  completely  equipped  with  everything  necessary 
for  the  various  vocations  of  life  is  the  Seventy-first  of  New  York. 
Unfortunately,  in  a  spirit  of  reasonable  pride,  but  without  con 
sidering  the  consequences,  our  Colonel  Downs  made  this  known 


220  ANNUAL  KEPORT  OP  THE 

to  Division  and  Brigade  Headquarters,  whereupon  details  for 
men  for  every  purpose  under  heaven  began  to  pour  in  from 
General  Hawkins  and  Kent*  until  it  became  intolerable  and 
seemed  somewhat  like  an  imposition. 

This  continued  until  the  end  of  the  campaign;  clerks,  stenog 
raphers,  physicians,  interpreters,  druggists,  etc.,  etc.,  were  to 
be  found  in  every  command  of  the  corps  with  the  uniform  of  the 
Seventy-first.  Dismissing  all  consideration  of  proper  remunera 
tion  for  professional  work,  to  take  a  man  who  enlisted  to  become 
a  soldier,  and  take  advantage  of  his  brains  to  deprive  him  of  the 
experience  he  sought,  is  injustice  to  the  man  and  a  violation 
of  the  spirit  of  the  contract  made  with  the  Government. 

General  Wheeler,  in  charge  of  the  Cavalry  Division,  had  rallied 
his  troops  along  the  left  and  taken  encampments  just  beyond 
Sevilla,  where  from  the  tops  of  the  hills  one  could  plainly  see 
Santiago  at  the  left,  nearest  the  coast,  and  back  of  it,  about  four 
miles  to  the  northeast,  the  little,  well-fortified  town  of  El  Caney. 

The  Sunday  services  of  June  26th  were  exceedingly  interesting 
and  deserve  brief  mention.  They  proved  the  last  that  could  be 
held  with  the  assembled  regiment  for  three  weeks.  It  was  found 
at  an  early  hour,  due  to  many  details  required  of  our  regiment 
and  active  preparation  that  had  to  be  made  for  our  early  march 
the  following  morning,  ordered  to  begin  at  3.30  a.  m.,  impossible 
for  the  Colonel  to  name  any  definite  hour  for  a  service.  Later  it 

^|*Jacob  Ford  Kent.  Born  in  Pennsylvania.  Appointed  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  United 
States  Military  Academy  July  1,  1856  (graduated  No.  31);  second  lieutenant  3d  infantry  May 
6,  1861;  first  lieutenant  July  31,  1861;  lieutenant -colonel,  assistant  inspector-general,  assigned 
January  1,  1863,  to  August  31,  1865;  captain  3d  infantry  January  8,  1864;  major  4th  infantry 
July  1,  1885;  lieutenant -colonel  18th  infantry,  January  15,  1891;  colonel  24th  infantry  April 
25,  1895;  brigadier-general  volunteers  May  4,  1898;  major-general  volunteers  July  8,  1898; 
honorably  discharged  from  volunteers  November  30,  1898;  brigadier-general  United  States 
army  October  4,  1898;  brevet -major  May  3,  1863,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  in  the 
battle  of  Marye's  Heights,  Virginia;  lieutenant-colonel  May  12,  1864,  for  gallant  and  merito 
rious  services  in  the  battle  of  Spottsylvarsia,  Virginia,  and  colonel  volunteers  October  19, 
1864,  for  faithful  and  meritorious  services  in  the  field  during  the  campaign  before  Richmond, 
Virginia;  retired  October  15,  1898. — STATE  HISTORIAN. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  221 

was  decided  that  2  p.  m.  might  prove  convenient  for  the  boys 
to  assemble  on  the  floor  of  the  engine  house,  where  they  were 
encamped,  but  as  late  as  1.45  the  whole  First  Battalion  was 
ordered  to  report  to  Division  Headquarters,  and  several  com 
panies  of  other  battalions  were  also  depleted  by  special  assign 
ments  to  work.  Somewhat  discouraged  in  the  attempt  appro 
priately  to  observe  the  day  and  anxious  to  have  a  talk  with  the 
boys  before  they  went  into  battle,  which  all  knew  they  were  sure 
to  do  before  the  close  of  the  week,  Chaplain  Van  Dewater  went 
over  to  the  round-house  to  inform  the  boys  that  the  service  would 
have  to  be  postponed  until  night.  He  started  to  sing  a  familiar 
hymn,  "  Nearer  My  God  to  Thee,"  the  better  to  secure  attention, 
when  so  many  at  once  gathered  about  him  that  he  went  right 
on,  held  a  service,  made  a  brief  address  and  then  announced  that 
another  service  would  be  held  later  in  the  evening.  At  7  o'clock 
such  a  service  was  held,  and  it  is  not  too  much  to  say  that  few 
like  it  ever  were  attended.  It  was  too  dark  to  read.  Hundreds 
of  our  own  men  stood  about  und£<r  the  roof  of  the  building, 
with  open  sides,  while  all  about  and  beyond  were  gathered  regu 
lars  of  every  command  and  rank,  all  reverently  attentive  and 
evidently  deeply  interested.  Chaplain  Van  Dewater  had  the 
Episcopal  service  of  evening  prayer,  depending  upon  his  memory 
for  the  rendering,  even  saying  a  psalm  and  reciting  a  lesson 
from  Holy  Scripture.  Such  hymns  as  "  Jesus,  Lover,"  "  Just  As 
I  Am  "  and  "  I  Need  Thee  Every  Hour  '•'  were  sung  with  a  hearti 
ness  that  told  of  an  intense  earnestness.  Sobs  were  heard  dur 
ing  the  prayer.  Sobs,  not  of  weak  men  nor  cowards,  but  reverent 
men  who  afterward  proved  the  bravest  at  the  front  and  under  the 
trying  stress  of  shot  and  shell.  These  were  men,  some  of  them 
who  fell  before  the  week  was  ended,  many  of  them  whose  bodies 


222  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

now  lie  buried  in  Cuban  soil,  or  are  maimed  forever,  who  believed 
in  God,  valued  life,  had  no  fear  of  danger,  but  who  would  not 
foolishly  court  destruction.  They  were  our  bravest  men,  who 
did  their  whole  duty  and  had  nothing  to  say  derogatory  of  others 
who  tried  to  do  theirs.  The  Chaplain  preached  upon  the  text 
"  How  Shall  We  Escape  if  We  Neglect  so  Great  a  Salvation?" 
Whatever  others  may  have  thought  or  may  think,  that  service 
and  sermon  were  to  him  the  most  memorable  of  his  life,  and 
there  are  many  reasons  to  make  him  think  that  it  was  also  the 
most  fruitful.  There  were  wounded  men  who  spoke  of  the  im 
pressions  received  that  night  when  they  were  in  the  thickest  of 
the  fight,  and  one  man,  interviewed  by  a  Sun  reporter  after  his 
return  to  New  York,  kindly  made  reference  to  the  helpfulness 
of  this  service  in  the  round-house  on  the  Sunday  night  preceding 
the  battle. 

These  are  the  compensations  a  chaplain  has  for  much  work 
that  seems  fruitless  and  some  sacrifices  that  go  unappreciated. 
Record  is  here  made  of  this  incident  solely  for  the  encouragement 
of  chaplains  in  the  army,  whose  lives  necessarily  must  be  lonely, 
whose  sorrows  are  keen  because  they  lack  sympathy,  and  whose 
work  is  of  such  a  kind  that  the  average  officer  or  soldier  thinks 
it  abstract,  perhaps  ornamental,  certainly  not  needful.  Early 
in  the  morning  of  the  27th  of  June  we  started  upon  our  march. 
No  transportation  of  any  kind  was  provided  for  our  regiment, 
since  we  were  ordered  to  take  with  us  200  rounds  of  ammunition, 
and  no  man  could  carry  more  than  100  of  Springfield  cartridges ; 
all  of  the  officers'  horses  had  to  be  turned  in  for  pack  mules,  axe 
handles,  found  fortunately  in  the  round-house,  being  ingeniously 
utilized  by  "  Ross,"  our  chief  hostler,  and  officers  had  to  walk. 
The  march  was  made  easily,  frequent  stops  being  ordered  for  rest, 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  223 

the  Seventy-first  marching  behind  the  Sixteenth  and  the  Sixth, 
and  by  General  Hawkins'  orders  turning  to  the  right  at  a  place 
called  Sevilla,  about  five  miles  from  Siboney,  pitched  camp  where 
a  company  of  Cubans  had  been  previously.  Along  the  route 
there  were  many  evidences  of  the  recent  Las  Guasimas 
engagement. 

Bullets  were  found  everywhere,  some  of  the  Spanish  ones  of 
brass,  though  brass  bullets  are  definitely  regarded  as  out  of  the 
pale  of  civilized  warfare.  Just  outside  of  the  little  graveyard 
along  the  road  were  newly,  made  graves  in  which  were  interred 
two  Corporals  and  several  privates  of  the  Tenth  Cavalry,  their 
names  being  neatly  cut  on  beards  placed  at  the  head  of  the 
mounds.  Subsequently  the  gathering  of  many  vultures  indicated 
the  presence  of  dead  in  secluded  places  in  the  woods.  Near  the 
road  was  seen  the  body  of  a  Spanish  soldier  so  scarcely  interred 
that  parts  of  his  body  were  visible.  Evidence  confirmed  the  con 
viction  that  the  Las  Guasimas  engagement  had  been  a  bloody  one. 

The  camp  was  a  most  picturesque  little  plain,  backed  by  lofty 
mountains,  at  the  highest  peak  of  which  was  seen  a  Spanish 
block-house;  a  glass  clearly  revealed  several  Spaniards  walking 
about.  About  five  hundred  yards  from  the  camp  was  found  a 
running  stream  of  pure  mountain  water,  descent  to  which  by  a 
narrow  path  was  easy.  Not  so  much  can  be  said  for  the  return 
journey. 

Before  night  came  on  the  Second  Battalion  was  detailed  to 
encamp  on  the  other  side  of  the  road  at  the  top  of  a  hill  about 
one  mile  distant,  from  the  summit  of  which  one  could  easily  see 
Santiago,  some  ten  miles  distant.  Major  Wells  reported  next 
morning  that  they  had  had  a  stormy  night  of  it  on  the  hill,  that 
bullets  were  occasionally  whizzing  about  and  that  men  on  picket 


224  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

duty  found  frequent  occasion  for  firing.  That  every  refusal  to 
answer  a  sentry's  challenge  came  from  a  Spaniard  was  very 
doubtful.  Neither  a  land  crab  nor  a  mule  can  answer  a  challenge. 
The  former  were  plentiful  in  this  vicinity  and  particularly  lively 
at  night-time,  and  a  loose  white  mule  was  in  evidence  at  day 
light.  Near  this  battalion  camp  were  found  trenches  where  were 
buried  Spanish  wounded  who  had  evidently  died  returning  to 
Santiago  from  the  field  of  Las  Guasimas.  The  regimental  camp 
was  very  orderly  and  quiet  until  3  a.  m.  when  a  shot  was  heard, 
immediately  followed  by  No.  16  sentry  calling  for  Corporal  of  the 
Guard.  In  a  moment  every  man  was  awake  and  most  of  them 
out  of  their  shelter  tents  and  on  their  feet.  Investigation  proved 
that  No.  17,  hearing  a  noise  like  footsteps  in  the  bushes,  most 
likely  a  land  crab,  challenged,  and,  receiving  no  reply,  fired  his 
rifle;  at  once  No.  1C  cried  for  the  Corporal  of  the  Guard.  Much 
may  be  said  by  way  of  explanation,  if  not  excuse,  for  a  man 
who  in  an  enemy's  country,  on  sentry  duty  in  the  hours  of  the 
night,  hearing  unusual  noises  in  the  thick  woods,  will,  when  his 
challenge  goes  unanswered,  shoot  his  gun.  It  was  not  wholly 
unfortunate  that  this  occurred,  for  it  gave  the  Colonel  oppor 
tunity  to  issue  orders  that  under  similar  circumstances  everyone 
would  remain  quietly  sleeping  where  he  was  until  assembly 
sounded. 

Nothing  occurred  the  following  day  worthy  of  mention  until 
afternoon,  when  a  terrific  thunder  storm,  lasting  an  hour,  com 
pletely  deluged  everything  and  everybody  not  wholly  sheltered. 
For  some  reason  or  other,  comprehended  by  nobody,  our  men  were 
all  supplied  with  shelter  tents  while  officers  had  not  any.  It  is 
perfectly  intelligible,  however,  under  these  circumstances  that 
most  of  the  men  kept  dry  while  the  officers  were  drenched. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  225 

As  the  day  went  on  delay  in  moving  to  the  front  became  irk 
some;  there  was  every  reason  for  speedy  action;  the  rainy  season 
had  begun,  fever  that  always  accompanies  it  would  soon  attack 
our  troops,  the  Spaniards  had  already  retreated  to  their  entrench 
ments  before  El  Caney  and  Santiago.  But  we  could  do  no 
effective  work  without  artillery.  All  our  guns  were  at  Baiquiri; 
condition  of  the  roads  made  their  transit  almost  impossible. 
Sixteen  guns  passed  here  in  the  morning  of  Thursday,  but  they 
were  all  light  ones,  our  heavy  siege  guns  never  really  reaching 
the  front.  At  2  p.  m.,  the  usual  hour  for  the  daily  storm,  there 
came  a  terrific  shower,  drenching  everything.  The  rain  is  be 
ginning  to  be  our  most  dreaded  enemy;  with  lightest  apparel  and 
little  of  it,  no  tents  whatever  for  officers  and  only  shelter  ones 
for  men,  daily  soaking  is  a  trying  ordeal.  At  8  o'clock  on 
Thursday  morning  General  Garcia  passed  along  the  road  at  the 
side  of  our  camp  with  his  staff,  his  army  having  advanced  toward 
Santiago  in  the  night.  Such  a  wretched  looking  body  of  Cuban 
looters  one  could  scarcely  imagine.  Every  experience  with  the 
Cubans  from  the  beginning  to  the  end  of  this  campaign  justifies 
us  in  thinking  that  whatever  may  be  the  intellectual  status 
or  moral  qualifications  of  the  leaders,  their  followers  are  a  mob, 
composed  mainly  of  illiterate,  unkempt  and  unworthy  men;  they 
are  neither  good  citizens  nor  good  fighters.  It  will  take  several 
generations  to  lift  them  above  the  consequences  of  their  recent 
slave  condition  and  render  them  fit  for  self-government. 

Rumor  had  it  that  an  attack  was  contemplated  on  El  Caney 
the  following  day,  the  engagement  to  begin  promptly  at  10 
o'clock.  The  especial  mission  of  the  Cuban  army  was  to  inter 
cept  reinforcements  of  5,000  coming  from  the  west  to  the  aid  of 

the  Spaniards  at  Santiago.     We  were  fortunate  in  having  at  our 
15 


226  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

camp  at  Sevilla  several  representatives  of  prominent  newspapers 
and  journals  of  New  York,  who  gave  us  information  of  a  kind 
which  can  only  be  obtained  by  this  profession  alone  and  whose 
company  was  at  all  times  delightful;  among  them  may  be 
mentioned  Mr.  John  C.  Kline,  of  the  Herald;  Mr.  Henry  K. 
Stegman,  of  the  Tribune,  and  Mr.  Henry  L.  Stoddard,  of 
the  Mail  and  Express,  each  of  whom  at  this  time  and  sub 
sequently  was  helpful  to  the  regiment.  The  health  of  the 
regiment  at  this  time  was  excellent,  not  one  man  sick;  every 
one  was  doing  his  utmost  to  keep  well  and  our  efficient 
Surgeons  did  their  utmost  to  keep  us  so.  The  universal  senti 
ment,  without  a  single  exception,  was  favorable  to  the  Seventy- 
first  being  at  its  best  and  doing  its  best.  Quartermaster  Stevens 
went  into  Siboney  with  two  horses  to  try  to  secure  needed  tents 
or  tarpaulins  or  something,  but  returned  unable  to  accomplish  his 
mission.  We  certainly  realized  that  we  were  then  beginning  to 
feel  the  hardships  of  war.  Word  came  early  in  the  evening  that 
reveille  would  be  sounded  at  3.30  in  the  morning  and  that  the 
regiment  would  march  toward  Santiago,  engaging  the  enemy  in 
battle.  They  all  retired  at  an  early  hour,  fully  realizing  the 
seriousness  of  events  immediately  before  us. 

July  1st  was  the  most  eventful  day  of  the  whole  Cuban  cam 
paign;  011  it  were  fought  the  greatest  battles  of  recent  times. 
Both  at  El  Caney  arid  San  Juan,  for  reasons  that  can  easily  be 
named,  there  took  place  battles  of  a  kind  most  unusual,  with 
results  marvelously  victorious  for  our  forces.  Reverent  men 
entered  on  this  campaign  believing  in  the  righteousness  of  their 
cause  and  that  God  would  prosper  it.  Few  came  out  of  this 
campaign,  we  venture  to  believe,  without  firm  conviction  that 
had  not  God  been  on  our  side,  the  enemy  would  have  swal- 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  227 

lowed  us.  Santiago  is  a  city  with  natural  fortifications  of 
hills  and  mountains  on  every  side;  such  entrenchments  as  the 
Spaniards  had  made  in  the  last  five  years,  with  such  a  block 
house  system  for  spy  and  signal  service,  cannot  be  found  in  the 
history  of  wars.  After  the  action  at  Las  Guasimas  the  Spanish 
army  had  retired  to  their  block-houses  and  entrenchments,  mak 
ing  a  solid  phalanx  of  troops  of  every  arm  of  the  service,  extend 
ing  from  San  Juan  on  the  right  toward  the  sea  in  an  unbroken 
line  three  miles  to  the  left,  and  at  this  point  occupying  the 
strongly  garrisoned  town  of  El  Caney.  The  mountain  road  from 
Sevilla  to  San  Juan  Hill,  where  the  principal  engagement  took 
place,  was  in  no  pla^e  wide  enough  for  two  wagons  comfortably 
to  pass,  frequently  crossed  streams  without  bridges  and  for  most 
of  the  entire  distance  ran  through  thickets  of  underbrush  of 
rankest  growth,  which  would  naturally  have  been  almost  impene 
trable,  but  which,  strung  all  along  with  barb  wire,  coiled  like  a 
spider's  web,  became  absolutely  impassable.  After  marching 
three  miles  along  the  road  our  regiment  was  ordered  to  turn 
into  a  thickly  bushed  field  behind  the  Sixth,  who  had  just  arrived 
before  us.  Field  and  staff  dismounted  and  had  a  brief  conver 
sation  with  General  Hawkins  and  his  staff,  who  had  clustered 
around  beneath  a  large  cocoanut  palm.  But  a  few  moments 
elapsed  before  orders  were  received  to  move  on  and  the  whole 
brigade  took  up  its  march.  Just  before  starting  Lieute.nant  Ord,* 
the  efficient  Brigade  Quartermaster,  from  whom  our  regiment 
had  received  many  favors,  removed  his  undershirt,  the  better  to 
endure  the  heat  of  the  day,  which  was  fast  becoming  oppressive, 
jokingly  saying  to  the  Chaplain  of  the  Seventy-first :  "  Now  I  am 

*Jules  Garesche  Ord,  son  of  Major-General  Edward  O.  C.  Ord.  Born  in  Michigan.  Ap 
pointed  from  the  Army.  Private  and  quartermaster-sergeant  1st  infantry  August  16,  1887, 
to  November  9,  1890;  second  lieutenant  18th  infantry  November  6,  1890;  first  lieutenant  6th 
infantry  August  7,  1897;  killed  July  1,  1898,  at  the  battle  of  San  Juan,  Santiago,  Cuba. — 
STATE  HISTORIAN. 


228  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

ready  for  whatever  may  come.'-  He  was  among  the  very  first 
officers  to  be  shot,  dying  on  the  field  but  a  few  hours  later. 

We  had  scarcely  proceeded  two  miles,  having  crossed  one 
stream,  where  men  had  to  wade  in  water  more  than  ankle  deep, 
before  the  sound  of  light  artillery  was  heard  ahead,  and  occasion 
ally,  as  we  could  easily  distinguish  by  the  difference  in  sound, 
there  would  be  a  return  fire  of  the  enemy.  Before  very  long  we 
rounded  a  little  turn  in  the  road,  just  before  reaching  El  Poso 
Hill,  where  a  light  artillery  battery  had  been  stationed  on  the 
site  of  an  old  sugar  mill,  and  whose  firing  we  had  previously 
heard.  We  subsequently  learned  that  Roosevelt's  Rough  Riders 
had  also  been  on  this  hill  and  had  not  escaped  without  several 
losses  in  killed  and  \vounded.  The  Spanish  aim  upon  this  gun 
was  so  accurate  that  it  had  to  be  moved,  but  was  not  shifted 
until  very  serious  damage  had  been  done. 

Later,  and  further  along  the  road,  when  the  Rough  Riders 
and  other  cavalrymen  passed  by  our  brigade,  we  having  been 
ordered  to  rest,  and  our  men  cheered  the  popular  Colonel  Roose 
velt,  now  in  command  of  the  First  Volunteer  Cavalry,  Colonel 
Wood  acting  as  Brigadier-General,  vice  Young  disabled  by  ill 
ness  since  the  Las  Guasimas  action,  and  Colonel  Roosevelt  said 
almost  pettishly,  "  Don't  cheer,  but  fight,  now's  the  time  to 
fight,'7  we  understood  the  relations  between  the  recent  El  Poso 
experience  and  his  impetuosity  in  hastening  to  confront  the 
enemy.  Just  as  our  regiment  reached  the  stream  at  the  foot 
and  the  east  of  El  Poso  Hill  there  rushed  back  upon  us  a  perfect 
stampede*  of  Cubans  with  several  men  on  litters,  who  had  been 
seriously  wounded  by  shells  aimed  at  the  battery  guns  of  El  Poso 

*The  Chaplain  of  the  Seventy-first,  while  the  regiment  came  to  a  halt, 
dismounted  and  had  prayers  with  one  Cuban,  shot  in  the  head,  and 
fatally  wounded,  saying-  the  Latin  "  In  nomine  patris,"  when  the  poor 
fellow  gasped  and  clasped  his  hand,  showing  warm  appreciation. 
Later,  on  the  second,  the  Chaplain  found  his  body  at  Division  Hospital 
and  buried  him. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  229 

and  exploding  over  them  in  the  road  at  its  rear.  One  of  the 
Cuban  officers  who  could  speak  broken  English  vociferously  pro 
claimed  against  the  injustice  of  sending  Cuban  troops  before  ours 
to  slay  them. 

Subsequent  events  may  prove  my  mistake,  but  present  opinion, 
confirmed  by  all  I  saw  in  Cuba,  is  that  Cubans  are  totally  unfit 
either  to  light  for  their  liberties  or  to  appreciate  them  when  they 
are  secured.  These  people  have  been  neglected  and  oppressed 
so  long,  left  uneducated  and  to  run  wild,  so  to  speak,  that  now 
they  are  mostly  a  band  of  guerillas,  good,  maybe,  for  bushwhack 
ing,  but  afraid  as  babies  the  moment  there  is  danger  and  fighting 
in  the  open.  About  a  mile  from  the  foot  of  El  Poso,  the  road 
meanwhile  passing  through  two  streams  of  considerable  width 
and  about  four  inches  deep,  there  is  a  thick  gulch  fully  one- 
half  mile  ahead  surrounded  by  high  banks  of  thickest  under 
growth.  After  waiting  for  the  cavalry  troops  to  pass  us  at  the 
entrance  of  this  gulch,  which  our  soldiers  subsequently  named 
"  the  Bloody  Bend,"  our  brigade  resumed  its  march,  the  field 
and  staff  of  the  Seventy-first  Regiment  mounted. 

Scarcely  had  we  taken  up  our  march  and  entered  the  bend 
when  bullets  and  shell  began  to  pour  in  thick  and  fast  upon  us, 
not  at  any  time  demoralizing,  but  somewhat  interfering  with  the 
steady  march  forward.  Human  nature  is  the  same  the  world 
over.  It  is  absurd  either  to  speak  of  regulars  as  impervious  to 
fear  or  of  volunteers  as  incapable  of  courage.  The  writer  of  this 
history  rode  mounted  for  a  full  half  mile  where  the  shot  and 
shell  were  thickest  and  returned  the  same  distance  walking  on 
the  same  road  and  under  the  same  conditions,  and  can  testify  that 
men  in  every  command  naturally  winced  a  bit,  or,  while  march 
ing,  might  try  to  creep  along  the  bushes  at  the  side  of  the  road. 


230  ANNUAL  KEPORT  OF  THE 

but  not  in  a  single  instance  was  there  a  company  or  a  squad  even 
out  of  its  place  or  behind  in  its  pace  moving  forward. 

Before  and  above  us  went  a  balloon  under  the  direction  of  Cap 
tain  George  McC.  Derby,  Engineer  Corps,  U.  S.  A.  What  pur 
pose  it  ever  served,  except  to  indicate  to  the  enemy  the  exact 
location  of  our  troops,  nobody  has  ever  discovered.  At  last,  rid 
dled  by  shot,  the  old  thing  collapsed,  and  certainly  nobody  in  the 
Fifth  Army  Corps,  outside  of  the  Signal  Corps  and  a  few  back  at 
headquarters,  some  four  miles  distant,  regretted  its  destruction. 

This  firing  along  this  road  was  peculiar  and  constitutes  a 
feature  of  the  San  Juan  engagement.  Everybody  had  to  go 
through  it.  Everyone,  therefore,  of  the  regiment  who  started  out 
from  Sevilla  that  morning,  including  colored  servants,  must 
have  been  under  fire.  Some  remained  under  it  longer  than  others, 
but  nobody  was  wholly  beyond  its  danger.  The  Seventy-first  as 
a  regiment  was  for  at  least  one  hour  under  continuous  fire, 
under  the  following  conditions,  which  made  the  experience  par 
ticularly  distressing:  The  Spanish  used  smokeless  powder.  They 
knew  we  must  come  by  this  one  road.  Their  scouts  and  spies, 
or,  if  not  these,  our  balloon,  told  them  just  when.  They  put  sharp 
shooters  in  the  tall  cocoanut  palm  trees  along  this  portion  of 
the  road.  They  fired  from  their  block-houses  and  entrenchments 
at  the  top  of  the  hills,  and  besides  volleys  of  musketry  and  single 
bullets  of  the  sharpshooters,  there  was  frequently  the  bursting 
of  shell  over  our  heads  and  shrapnel  flying  in  every  direction. 
Under  these  conditions  one  would  think  pandemonium  would 
have  reigned.  Nothing  of  the  kind.  There  was  a  silence  that  was 
ominous.  Other  than  "  ping,"  "  ping,"  the  noise  of  Mauser  bul 
lets  and  the  sound  of  hundreds  of  leaves  pierced  instantaneously, 
a  sound  all  its  own,  and  the  mournful  "  whirr,"  "  whirr "  of 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  231 

passing  shells,  it  was  like  a  funeral  march.  We  couldn't  see  nuy 
smoke.  We  couldn't  tell  where  the  enemy  were.  We  were  inarch 
ing  into  the  jaws  of  death.  Men  fell  dead  and  wounded  on  every 
side.  The  marvel  still  is  that  so  few  were  killed.  One  would 
think  that  half  a  regiment  under  these  conditions  would  have 
been  extinguished.  It  cannot  be  recalled  by  anyone  there  with 
out  a  thought  of  the  marvelous  mercy  of  God.  Not  a  return  shot 
was  fired.  None  was  ordered.  Nobody  could  tell  where  to  shoot. 
Occasionally  we  would  hear  the  report  of  one  of  our  light  artillery 
guns  which  would  encourage  us,  but  for  all  too  long  a  time 
we  marched  in  columns  of  fours,  under  the  trying  conditions  here 
faithfully  narrated. 

Colonel  Downs  rode  quiet  and  dignified  at  the  head,  followed 
by  his  staff,  all  mounted,  and  then  followed  the  three  battalions 
in  regimental  order,  not  a  break  occurring  in  the  ranks,  except 
when  some  one  would  drop  dead,  as  did  Privates  Skinner,  of 
Company  B,  and  Scofield,  of  Company  K;,  Corporals  Immen,  of 
Company  F,  and  Scheid,  of  Company  C;  or  were  wounded,  as 
were  Lieutenant  Trull,  of  Company  K;  Private  Deutchberger, 
of  Company  C,  and  many  others  whose  names  will  be  found  in 
the  official  list  of  the  casualties  of  this  engagement. 

At  last  reaching  a  trail  that  turned  into  this  road  at  the  left, 
on  a  little  eminence  by  the  turn  stood  General  Kent,  who  said  — 
the  writer  of  this  history  distinctly  heard  the  order — "  Colonel 
Downs,  you  will  take  your  regiment  along  this  trail  and  follow  it 
to  the  ford  of  the  stream  and  there  rest."  The  Colonel  said: 
"How  far,  General,  is  this  ford  from  here?"  The  General  re 
plied:  "I  do  not  know."  "  Very  well,  sir,"  said  Colonel  Downs, 
who  at  once  dismounted,  ordered  staff  to  do  likewise,  said  to  the 
Chaplain,  "  Your  place  is  with  the  Surgeons  looking  after  sick 


232  ANNUAL  EEPORT  OF  THE 

and  wounded,''  then  ordering  his  regiment  to  column  left,  he 
boldly  and  bravely  and  confidently  led  them,  shot  and  shell  still 
and  for  hours  subsequently  continuously  pouring  in  upon  them. 

The  regiment  was  led  along  this  trail  as  far  as  it  seemed  pos 
sible  to  the  commanding  officer  to  take  them  without  unneces 
sarily  exposing  them  to  a  shower  of  bullets  crossing  an  open 
space  in  the  road,  and  there  was  halted,  waiting  further  orders. 
Other  regiments,  either  of  infantry  or  of  dismounted  cavalry, 
having  received  different  orders  than  those  given  to  our  Colonel, 
marched  by  our  troops  while  halted,  and  some  of  them,  with  an 
impertinence  urisuited  to  gentlemen  and  disorder  unbefitting 
regulars  who  pride  themselves  upon  being  soldiers,  cried  out  to 
some  of  our  troops  "  to  go  forward" 

The  Seventy-first  Regiment  obeyed  Us  orders  and  was  obeying 
orders  when  there  it  halted.  As  subsequently  it  proved  that  the 
whole  engagement  was  in  no  sense  a  general's  battle;  that  the 
original  plan  of  an  attack  upon  El  Caney,  with  the  troops  on 
the  left  under  General  Kent,  held  in  reserve,  was  absolutely 
changed  by  the  turn  of  events,  it  might  have  been  well  for  the 
Colonel  of  the  Seventy-first  to  have  done  what  Captains  and 
Majors  did,  go  forward  without  orders.  There  is  no  doubt  about 
it,  much  as  was  the  success  of  this  famous  engagement  of  San 
Juan  due  to  regiments  and  battalions  and  even  companies  going 
independently  to  the  hill  without  orders  from  Brigade  and 
Division  Commanders;  had  not  success  crowned  these  efforts,  and 
nothing  succeeds  like  success,  these  very  officers  whose  gallantry 
we  admire  might  have  been  court-martialed  for  acting  independ 
ent  of  orders. 

Colonel  Downs  waited  for  orders,  and  not  receiving  any  pre 
ferred  to  wait  rather  than  move  a  regiment  forward  without 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  233 

orders.  Any  military  man  worthy  the  name  cannot  find  fault 
with  a  technical  obedience  of  orders  or  a  refusal  to  act  without 
them.  It  will  be  found  by  anyone  who  takes  the  trouble  to  make 
the  investigation  that  General  Kent's  order  to  Colonel  Downs 
was  in  strict  accord  with  General  Shafter's  idea  for  General 
Kent's  division  to  be  held  in  reserve,  and  that  Colonel  Downs' 
strict  obedience  of  his  orders  was  carrying  out  the  plan. 

It  was  not  the  original  plan  of  General  Shafter  to  take  San 
Juan  Hill  that  day.  Indeed,  as  late  as  2  p.  m.  of  the  following 
day  he  was  seriously  considering  the  withdrawal  of  our  troops 
to  the  rear.  The  first  intention  was  to  enter  Santiago  by  the 
El  Caney  road.  All  this  was  subsequently  modified  to  suit 
changed  conditions,  rendered  possible  by  the  brilliant  charge  and 
occupation  of  the  San  Juan  Hill,  which,  be  it  remembered,  was 
done,  not  simultaneously,  but  successively,  some  troops  going  up 
under  regimental  commanders,  some  as  battalions,  some  even  as 
companies  and  even  parts  of  companies. 

Who -were  the  first  to  get  to  the  top  of  San  Juan  Hill,  where 
was  the  block-house,  and  where  were  the  entrenchments  from 
which  the  Spaniards  fled  in  retreat  as  soon  as  they  saw  our  troops 
advancing,  it  is  not  possible  to  say.  When  the  regulars  get 
through  their  talk  about  it,  and  settle  it,  it  may  become  known. 
It  really  matters  little.  The  honor  lies  either  with  the  Thirteenth, 
Sixth,  Sixteenth  or  Twenty-fourth  Infantry.  But  among  these 
troops  to  arrive  first  upon  the  hill,  where  the  enemy  had  been 
entrenched,  were  Company  F  or  a  part  of  it,  led  by  Captain 
Rafferty,  who  behaved  in  a  quiet,  dignified  and  gallant  manner. 
Company  L,  led  by  Captain  Austin,  who,  when  asked  by  some 
superior  officer  at  the  top  of  the  hill,  "  How  did  you  come  up 
here  all  by  yourself?"  answered:  "  I  came  as  an  advance  guard 


234  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

of  the  Third  Battalion,  sir,"  thus  ingeniously  avoiding  the  charge 
of  bringing  up  his  company  without  orders ;  the  Third  Battalion, 
mostly  intact,  led  by  Major  Frank  Keck,  whose  courage  and 
impetuosity  nobody  can  ever  doubt;  Company  M,  led  by  Captain 
Goldsborough,  and  Company  I,  led  by  Captain  Meeks. 

There  is  no  doubt  whatever  that  during  the  day  troops  became 
somewhat  mixed.  It  was  inevitable  and  due  to  the  extraordinary 
character  of  the  engagement.  When  companies  leave  battalions 
and  battalions  leave  regiments  and  officers  act  independently  of 
the  commands  of  their  superiors  confusion  must  result,  though, 
as  in  this  instance,  success  having  crowned  their  efforts,  there 
is  nothing  but  praise  for  the  courage  that  inspired  them.  Some 
of  our  men  went  up  with  the  regulars,  some  of  the  regulars  went 
up  with  us.  That  all  got  there  is  occasion  for  reverent  congratu 
lation  and  thanksgiving,  especially  when  it  is  remembered  that 
it  was  a  game  of  haphazard  from  beginning  to  end. 

It  is  difficult  for  the  writer  of  this  history  at  this  time  to  give 
a  complete  story  of  this  engagement.  Details  of  a  fresh  and  im 
portant  character  are  daily  being  revealed.  It  will  take  time  to 
sift  from  the  reports  things  true  and  undeniable.  With  best 
intentions  now  men  in  the  engagement  tell  different  stories  of 
it  or  the  part  they  took  in  it.  The  official  reports  are  reliable. 
To  these  the  Seventy-first  Regiment  refers  with  pride.  Modest 
men  in  it  think  it  might  have  done  better,  the  best  men  of  it 
are  proud  that  it  did  so  much,  acd  every  man  in  it,  from  Colonel 
to  humblest  enlisted  man,  knows  that  he  did  his  duty  as  he 
regarded  it. 

Being  a  soldier  is  obeying  orders.  The  man  who  stayed  at 
Siboney  watching  blankets  and  drums,  if  ordered  there  by  his 
Colonel,  was  doing  his  duty,  and  as  good  a  soldier  doing  it  as  the 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  235 

one  who  stood  in  the  trenches  on  San  Juan  Hill.  The  Drum 
Corps,  detailed  to  the  duty,  who  carried  wounded  men  on  litters 
for  days  and  nights  for  miles  back  to  Division  Hospital  and  there 
assisted  in  making  suffering  men  more  comfortable,  worked  as 
hard  and  were  just  as  good  soldiers  as  hundreds  who  lay  in 
bushes  all  day  long  and  never  fired  a  gun. 

The  conceit,  more  ridiculous  than  sublime,  that  accompanies 
some  soldiers  who  think  because  they  carry  a  gun  that  anybody 
in  a  regiment  who  goes  unarmed  is  something  less  brave  than 
they,  needs  rebuke.  The  man,  who  with  nothing  to  defend  him 
self  but  a  rag  with  a  red  cross  on  it,  which,  in  this  war,  received 
neither  regard  nor  respect  from  Spaniards,  who  toiled  carrying, 
or  relieving,  or  ministering  to  the  wounded  and  dying,  was  just  as 
good  a  soldier,  did  just  as  necessary  a  work,  and  will  have  from 
people  whose  opinion  is  worth  anything  just  as  much  credit  and 
regard  as  the  one,  who,  no  matter  where  he  really  was,  persists 
in  saying  and  even  in  thinking  that  he  was  always  at  the  front. 

Before  night  had  passed  the  regiment  was  brought  together, 
and  ere  morning  had  dawned  all  the  officers  were  present  and  in 
command  of  their  men. 

If  there  has  been  any  omission  of  any  particular  company  or  of 
any  particular  battalion,  it  has  been  due  to  the  fact  that  after 
a  month  of  ready  listening  and  calm  consideration  the  writer  has 
been  unable  to  add  anything,  the  accuracy  of  which  seems  to  him 
undoubted. 

Since  Major  Keck  took  the  Third  Battalion  up  the  hill,  Com 
pany  L  having  preceded  it  as  an  advance  guard,  led  by  Captain 
Austin,  it  is  well  that  we  state  what  we  have  been  able  to  gather 
of  the  action  of  our  First  and  Second  Battalions,  or  at  least 
of  portions  of  them. 


236  ANNUAL  KEPORT  OF  THE 

The  following  is  Major  Wells'  report  of  the  First  and  Second 
Battalions  in  action  on  July  1st,  1898: 

"  After  crossing  the  ford  Companies  M,  H  and  a  portion  of  F 
were  formed  in  a  line  on  the  bank  of  the  stream  and  were  joined 
by  Companies  A,  D  and  G,  of  the  First  Battalion,  and  also  by 
about  fifty  men  from  the  Sixth  and  Sixteeth  Infantry,  Regulars — 
which  latter  regiments  were  supposed  to  have  ascended  the  hill. 
These  companies  were  then  organized  into  two  battalions,  M  and 
H,  with  the  two  left  squads  of  F,  and  the  regulars  above  men 
tioned,  forming  the  Second,  and  A,  G  and  D  the  First  Battalion. 
These  battalions  were  commanded  by  Captains  Goldsborough 
and  Linson,  respectively,  and,  under  my  command,  were  marched 
in  columns  of  fours  to  the  foot  of  San  Juan  Hill,  where  the  two 
battalions  were  formed  in  two  lines,  all  by  bugle  call,  the  bugler 
being  a  man  from  one  of  the  regular  regiments  who  had  lost 
his  command.  I  went  to  the  top  of  the  hill  and  received  orders 
from  General  Plawkins  through  his  A.  A.  G.  to  send  up  at  once 
one  battalion,  who  were  to  be  deployed  on  the  firing  line  at  the 
right  of  the  block-house.  Captain  Goldsborough's  battalion  was 
designated  for  this  purpose  and  at  once  deployed  and  were  joined 
by  Company  F.  Companies  F  and  M  were  on  the  firing  line,  with 
H  held  in  support. 

"  The  losses  of  the  two  companies  were  most  severe  because 
on  that  portion  of  the  hill  the  fire  was  the  hottest,  and  these 
companies,  advancing  some  distance  over  the  brow  of  the  hill, 
were  most  exposed.  During  this  time  the  First  Battalion,  held 
until  now  in  reserve,  was  brought  up  the  hill  and  took  position 
about  fifty  feet  in  rear  of  the  crest.  After  M  and  F  had  accom 
plished  the  purpose  for  which  they  were  ordered  forward  they 
retired  just  under  the  crest  of  the  hill  and  were  there  joined  by 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  237 

Company  I,  which  had  ascended  the  hill  some  time  before,  gal 
lantly  led  by  Captain  Meeks  and  Lieutenant  Williams,  when 
the  battalion  was  then  completed.  The  firing  lasted  until  dark, 
when  M  and  F  were  withdrawn  from  the  crest  and  sent  to  the 
reserves,  and  Companies  A  and  G  to  take  their  places  while 
other  companies  were  in  support.  At  this  juncture,  or  rather, 
during  the  fiercest  of  the  action,  Adjutant  Fisher  was  ordered 
to  the  rear  by  General  Hawkins  to  draw  fresh  ammunition,  and 
crossed  the  open  fields  bravely  and  creditably  under  a  galling 
fire." 

Since  every  important  officer  of  the  regiment  in  field  and  line 
has  made  his  official  report  of  this  day's  action,  it  is  possible 
for  anyone  wishing  to  know  any  detail  of  the  same  to  ascertain 
it  by  consulting  these  reports.  It  is  nothing  to  the  discredit  of 
any  one  historian  of  such  a  battle  as  this  to  say  that  in  minute 
detail  and  incidental  particulars  that  no  two  officers  in  any 
regiment  could  write  separate  accounts  and  have  all  their  records 
agree.  Enough  that  at  the  close  of  this  first  day's  fight  every 
man  in  the  Seventy-first  Kegiment  felt  that  he  had  done  his 
duty  as  he  had  clearly  seen  it,  and  that  while  some  had  oppor 
tunities  denied  to  others  for  conspicuous  gallantry,  all,  without 
exception,  from  humblest  drummer,  litter  carrier  and  officer's 
valet  up  to  the  Colonel  himself,  were  under  heavy  fire  for  long 
periods  of  time,  and  from  front  to  rear,  all  along  the  line  where 
brave  and  hard  work  had  equally  to  be  done,  the  regiment  was 
conspicuous  for  its  absolute  i'aithfulness  to  duty.  The  work  of 
our  Surgeons,  Drs.  Bell  and  Stafford ;  our  Hospital  Corps,  among 
whom  our  personal  knowledge  enables  us  to  mention,  not  dis 
paragingly  to  others,  but  creditably  to  themselves,  Privates 
Edwards,  Dunning,  Potter,  Messer  arid  Lucas,  and  Dr.  Levy,  who 


238  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

were  conspicuously  helpful  on  the  field  in  bringing  the  wounded 
to  the  rear. 

Understanding,  however,  the  great  difficulty  of  mentioning  by 
name  all  who  deserve  it,  the  Chaplain  asks  leniency  from  those 
who  read  these  records  and  may  not  see  their  names  and  fed 
themselves  sufficiently  honored  to  be  among  the  unmentioned 
heroes  of  the  San  Juan  fight.  After  all,  the  only  permanent 
pride  and  pleasure  which  one  who  was  there  can  possibly  have 
comes  from  an  abiding  consciousness  that  first,  last  and  all  the 
time  he  unflinchingly  did  his  duty. 

The  wounded  were  carried  to  the  rear  or  marched  there  from 
the  very  beginning  of  the  action,  and  for  forty-eight  hours  the 
road  for  four  miles  back  to  the  Division  Hospital  was  filled  with 
wounded  men  walking  or  with  litters  conveying  both  wounded 
and  dead.  The  result  at  the  end  of  the  first  day's  fight  was  in 
every  way  favorable  to  our  side.  We  had  captured  their  block 
houses,  forced  them  out  of  their  first  line  of  entrenchments  and 
driven  them  back  towards  Santiago.  Had  we  had  a  sufficient 
force  of  artillery,  we  could  then  have  bombarded  the  city  and 
taken  it  at  once. 

From  a  military  standpoint  we  had  accomplished  a  miracle 
already  in  driving  troops  from  strong  entrenchments  with  infan 
try  only.  The  lack  of  any  artillery  in  this  battle  was  a  conspicu 
ous  feature.  The  fighting  began  the  following  day  and  continued 
until  sundown,  the  fire  being  continuous  and  intense.  The 
enemy's  shells  were  fired  five  miles  in  the  rear,  making  work  at 
all  the  emergency  hospitals  dangerous  and  freedom  from  fire  as 
far  back  as  the  Division  Hospital  exceedingly  uncertain.  At 
midnight  of  Saturday  the  enemy  made  their  last  daring  attempt 
to  destroy  us,  suddenly  pouring  into  our  trenches  a  terrific  fusi- 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  239 

lade  of  musketry  and  firing  shells  in  every  direction.  Our  troops, 
not  wholly  taken  by  surprise,  returned  the  fire  with  the  heaviest 
musketry  fire  heard  during  the  wThole  engagement.  In  this 
attack  the  enemy  lost  very  heavily,  some  3,000,  it  was  reported, 
having  been  slain.  The  Springfield  rifle,  against  the  use  of  which 
the  regulars  had  reasonably  complained,  because  of  the  black 
powder,  which  drew  the  fire  of  the  enemy,  could  be  fired  safely  at 
night.  The  Seventy-first  utilized  their  muskets  with  disastrous 
effect  upon  the  enemy. 

On  Sunday  morning  orders  having  been  given  to  Admiral 
Cervera  by  Captain-General  Blanco  to  take  his  entire  fleet  out 
to  sea,  he  endeavored  to  run  our  blockade  off  Morro,  at  the 
mouth  of  Santiago  Harbor,  in  doing  which  he  lost  every  vessel  in 
his  command,  not  a  single  one  escaping  destruction.  The  noise 
of  the  bombardment  was  very  welcome  to  our  troops  in  the  en 
trenchments.  We  knew  well  what  was  going  on,  though  we  were 
not  prepared  for  the  magnificent  victory,  particulars  of  which  we 
afterwards  heard. 

As  soon  as  we  could  we  obtained  the  official  list  of  our  own 
dead  and  wounded,  which,  though  not  complete,  was  the  best  that 
at  this  time  could  be  secured.  Fourteen  were  killed  in  the 
Seventy-first  and  sixty-seven  wounded.  Of  the  killed,  there  were 
several  buried  back  of  the  trenches,  several  along  the  road  from 
the  front  to  the  Division  Hospital  and  the  others  in  trenches 
at  the  Hospital.  In  every  instance  care  was  taken  to  have  per 
manent  marks  of  identification  either  attached  to  the  bodies 
or  placed  at  the  heads  of  the  graves.  It  was  impossible  for  the 
Chaplain  to  bury  all  because  bis  duties  called  him  all  along  the 
road  from  the  front  to  the  Division  Hospital,  over  which,  back 
and  forth,  until  the  day  of  the  surrender,  his  work  demanded 
his  presence. 


240  ANNUAL  KEPORT  OF  THE 

Privates  Brown,  Holland,  Daly  and  Ross,  of  Company  M; 
Booth,  of  Company  L;  Decker,  of  Company  I;  Preger,  of  Corn- 
pan}7  A,  and  Booth,  of  Company  F,  were  buried  near  the  front 
beyond  the  road  that  turns  to  the  ford  below  San  Juan  Hill. 
Privates  Skinner,  of  Company  B,  and  Scofield,  of  Company  K, 
are  buried  by  the  side  of  the  road  at  the  edge  of  the  stream  run 
ning  at  the  foot,  of  El  Poso  Hill.  Corporals  Immen,  of  Company 
C,  and  Scheid,  of  Company  F,  were  buried  in  the  trenches  at  the 
Division  Hospital,  with  many  others,  records  of  which  were  kept 
at  the  Hospital. 

Nothing  but  desultory  firing,  and  mostly  by  our  side,  occurred 
now  until  the  14th,  the  day  of  the  surrender.  It  was  weary  work 
enough  for  men  lying  in  the  trenches  without  shelter,  at  no 
time  well  fed,  and  much  of  the  time  insufficiently  fed,  and  most 
all  of  the  time  on  the  ff  qui  vive,"  expecting  an  attack.  Their 
comfort  in  these  days  was  in  no  way  enhanced  by  frequent 
showers  that  filled  the  trenches  with  four  feet  of  water,  and  left 
twelve  inches  of  slimy  mud  all  the  country  around.  During 
thifc1  time  work  of  a  severe  and  serious  nature  was  going  on  ic 
both  the  Division  Hospitals  five  miles  from  the  front,  and  in  the 
General  Hospital  at  Siboney,  ten  miles  fnrrln>r  back  toward  the 
sea.  On  the  night  of  the  1st  of  July,  and  all  night  long,  lay 
one  hundred  and  fifty  (150)  men,  officers  and  soldiers  unsheltered 
in  pools  of  their  own  blood,  anxiously,  and  to  their  credit  be  it 
said,  uncomplainingly,  awaiting  operations.  In  this  condition 
fully  this  number  lay  till  noon  of  the  following  day,  many  of 
them  for  hours  under  a  blistering  sun,  the  power  of  which  only 
those  who  have  been  in  semi-tropical  regions  can  ever  know. 

Were  it  not  that  a  Chaplain's  relations  with  men  under  these 
conditions  are  of  too  personal  a  nature  for  public  records,  it 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  241 

would  be  interesting  here  to  relate  scenes  and  circumstances 
dearest  and  most  touching  in  all  his  experience.  These  relations 
were  not  alone  with  those  of  his  own  regiment,  but  at  the  front, 
.  through  "  Bloody  Bend  "  and  all  along  the  road,  in  emergency 
hospitals,  dressing  stations,  Division  and  General  Hospitals, 
with  hundreds  of  men,  officers  and  soldiers  of  every  arm  of  the 
service,  and  from  most  every  command  he  dealt  intimately  and 
personally,  and  established  relations  of  the  most  affectionate  and 
enduring  character. 

The  only  change  in  the  monotony  referred  to  at  the  front  was 
a  detail  of  the  First  Battalion,  under  Major  Whittle,  and  the 
Second  Battalion,  under  Major  Wells,  to  build  bridges  arid 
improve  the  road.  Subsequently,  Major  Wells  having  engineer 
ing  experience,  was  put  in  charge  of  a  detachment  of  Michigan 
troops,  who,  with  some  of  our  own  men,  did  excellent  work  in 
cutting  trees,  clearing  the  chapparal  and  building  bridges  to 
withstand  the  freshets  of  the  streams.  As  an  answer  to  the 
sneers  indulged  in  by  those,  fully  as  conceited  as  they  are 
brave,  and  who  think  that  the  only  work  done  by  a  regiment  is 
that  by  those  in  the  trenches,  though  confessedly  they  were  here 
for  hours  and  days  doing  nothing,  the  labors  of  men  who  cut 
down  trees,  build  bridges  and  repair  roads,  along  which  ammuni 
tion  and  rations  must  be  brought,  are,  to  say  the  least,  the  very 
important.  Indeed,  without  their  labors  the  brave  men  in  the 
front  would  amount  to  nothing  at  all.  The  man  who  blows  the 
organ,  if  not  as  conspicuous,  is  fully  as  important  as  the  man 
who  plays  it,  and  the  drummer  who  carried  the  litter  on  the  day 
of  the  San  Juan  battle  did  just  as  good  work  and  was  just  as 
good  a  soldier  as  the  man  who  carried  his  gun.  A  soldier  is 

a  man  who  does  his  duty  when,  where  and  how  he  is  told  to  do  it. 
16 


:242  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

A  coward  is  a  man  who  neglects  to  do  his  duty,  and  he  can 
neglect  it  in  the  trenches,  as  well  as  building  bridges. 

After  the  3rd  flags  of  truce  were  repeatedly  raised  by  the 
enemy,  and  it  was  evident  that  negotiations  were  pending  for  a 
surrender. 

On  the  Gth  Lieutenant  Hobson  and  his  famous  crew  were 
exchanged,  notable  generals  on  both  sides  meeting  in  the  open 
before  the  trenches,  bands  playing  the  "  Star  Spangled  Banner,'7 
Spanish  prisoners  of  equal  rank  exchanged  for  ours,  troops  shout 
ing  all  along  five  miles  of  entrenchments  from  San  Juan  to 
El  Caney,  making  a  scene  forever  memorable. 

Until  the  14th  siege  guns  were  being  armed  and  put  in  posi 
tion,  troops  from  various  States  came  by  transports  to  Siboney 
and  were  sent  to  the  front  as  reinforcements,  and  when  flags 
of  truce  were  not  up  firing  was  indulged  in,  but  mostly  by  our 
side.  It  was  evident  that  General  Shafter  wished  to  avoid 
bombardment  of  the  city  for  humanitarian  reasons,  though  on  the 
2nd  of  July  it  was  not  at  all  certain  that  we  could  hold  our  posi 
tion  and  the  Commanding  General  seriously  considered  a  retreat ; 
by  the  5th  it  was  evident  that  the  enemy  was  ours.  Much  to 
General  Shafter's  credit  measures  from  this  time  on  were  more 
merciful  than  drastic.  Famine  faced  the  enemy  with  every 
passing  hour.  It  was  only  a  question  of  time  when  they  must 
surrender.  The  city  could  be  taken  at  any  time  by  bombard 
ment,  but  not  without  a  very  heavy  loss  in  charging  our  troops 
upon  their  secure  entrenchments. 

Delay  was,  however,  most  discouraging  for  our  soldiers  because 
the  dreaded  fever  was  beginning  already  to  deplete  our  troops. 
During  this  time  the  Chaplain  was  detailed  to  Siboney  to  look 
r  the  transportation  of  our  wounded  men  on  ships  to  north- 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  24& 

erji  hospital  or  homes,  and  generally  to  assist  in  the  work  of 
the  Hospital  on  the  coast.  By  Saturday  night,  the  9th  of  July, 
all  of  our  wounded  men,  except  several  who  were  able  when 
cured  to  return  to  the  front,  had  been  carried  to  the  ships,  not 
an  easy  task,  and  on  their  way  home  on  Sunday  morning.  Yellow 
fever  made  its  appearance,  and  in  a  few  days,  the  numbers  in 
creasing  to  one  hundred.  Through  the  influence  of  Dr.  Guiteras, 
an  expert  in  the  disease,  a  special  quarantine  hospital  was  estab 
lished  for  these  patients  two  miles  along  the  line  of  the  railroad 
in  the  mountains  of  Firmeza.  Among  others  sick  and  recuperat 
ing  at  Siboney  were  Captain  Joyce,  of  Company  H,  who  in  a 
few  days  was  sent  to  New  York  for  recovery,  and  Lieutenant 
Beekman,  of  Company  B,  and  Regimental  Quartermaster-Captain 
Stephens,  who,  subsequently  recovering  from  maJarial  fever, 
joined  the  regiment  at  the  front. 

A  United  States  post-office  was  at  this  time  opened  at  Siboney, 
and,  with  the  hope  that  mails  might  be  received  more  regularly, 
Quartermaster- Sergeant  John  H.  Beatty  was  detailed  to  Siboney 
to  handle  mail  for  the  regiment;  this  hope  was  sadly  dispelled, 
however,  by  the  death  of  Mr.  Brewer,  United  States  Postmaster 
in  Cuba,  from  an  attack  of  yellow  fever  before  a  week  had  passed. 
Every  wooden  house  in  Siboney  was  now  ordered  to  be  burned  to 
the  ground.  All  wounded  men  and  all  business  departments 
were  at  once  put  under  tents,  and  mail  was  not  thereafter  dis 
tributed  until  several  days  after  the  surrender,  July  14th,  when 
the  post-office  was  re-established  in  Santiago. 

Little  now  of  unusual  character  occurred  until  the  14th  of 
July,  when  Santiago,  worn  out  Avith  starvation  and  siege,  finally 
surrendered,  relinquishing  the  entire  eastern  province  of  Santiago 
de  Cuba,  laying  down  their  arms  and  stipulating  merely  that  the 


244  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

Spanish  army  be  returned  to  Spain.  The  other  terms  of  the 
surrender,  all  favorable  to  the  United  States  and  merciful  to 
Spain,  were  mutually  settled  bv  a  council  of  six,  three  United 
States  officers  and  three  attaches  from  foreign  governments  to 
represent  the  side  of  Spain. 
We  append  here  a  list  of  the  wounded : 

Lieutenant  William  E.  Trull,  junior,  Company  G. 
Sergeant  George  B.  Youngs,  Company  1. 
Sergeant  Charles  W.  Cutting,  Company  L. 
Sergeant  John  J.  Mara,  Company  M. 
Sergeant  Max  Pitzel,  Company  F. 
Corporal  William  T.  Ahern,  Company  I. 
Private  Lewis  B.  Youngs,  Company  M. 
Private  Charles  W.  Goodman,  Company  A. 
Private  Thomas  J.  Dixon,  junior,  Company  A. 
Private  Frederick  V.  V.  Shaw,  Company  A. 
Private  Henry  W.  Zitnik,  Company  A. 
Private  Frank  A.  Schaller.  Company  E. 
Private  Donald  C.  McClelland,  Company  E. 
Private  James  F.  Carroll,  Company  M. 
Private  Washington  B.  Clarke,  Company  B. 
Private  Alfred  B.  Conger,  Company  M. 
Private  Charles  Deutschberger,  Company  C. 
Private  James  Murphy,  Company  M. 
Private  Robert  E.  Murphy,  Company  H. 
Private  William  S.  Valentine,  Company  C. 
Private  Harry  S.  Watson,  Company  M. 
Private  Earl  B.  Hall,  Company  F. 
Private  Louis  B.  Foley,  Company  K. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  245 


Private  Malcolm  Barrett,  Company  M. 
Private  Leo  J.  Donnelly,  Company  M. 
Private  Bloomfield  K.  Mills,  Company  M. 
Private  Charles  J.  Weeks,  Company  C. 
Sergeant  James  J.  McDermott,  Company  F. 
Private  Leander  G.  Eiseman,  Company  F. 
Private  Charles  Andre,  Company  K. 
Private  Peter  J.  Cunningham,  Company  L. 
Private  Henry  J.  Holzkainp,  Company  L. 
Private  Robert  E.  Gannon,  Company  L. 
Private  Sinclair  H.  Kirby,  Company  G. 
Private  Joseph  Dun  woody.  Company  D. 
Private  John  W.  Jeffrey,  Company  B. 
Private  Edward  D.  Hall,  Company  C. 
Private  Henry  P.  Richardson,  Company  A. 
Private  John  K.  Brown,  Company  D. 
Private  Maurice  Euster,  Company  E. 
Private  George  F.  Feather-stone,  Company  F. 
Private  Ernest  R.  Potter,  Company  M. 
Private  William  B.  Sheppard,  Company  M. 
Corporal  Lewis  W.  Carlisle,  Company  M. 
Musician  Frederick  Wolters,  Jr.,  Company  G. 
Private  Frederick  C.  Kuehnle,  Company  D. 
Private  Joseph  F.  Althause,  Company  G. 
Private  John  M.  Botts,  Company  A. 
Private  Frank  L.  Flint,  Company  H. 
Private  Ferdinand  Hebrank,  Company  F. 
Private  Leonard  Westerberg,  Company  C. 
Private  James  L.  Marlow,  Company  H. 
Private  John  McGeechan,  Company  M. 


246  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

Private  Samuel  Mclntyre,  Company  G. 
Private  John  E,  Mercer,  Company  F. 
Private  John  H.  Miller,  Company  C. 
Private  Louis  E.  Hess,  Company  H. 
Private  William  Humbert,  Company  A. 
Private  George  M.  Hurley,  Company  C. 
Private  James  E.  Keller,  Company  A. 
Private  William  H.  Mackenzie,  Company  E. 

The  inability  to  secure  company  or  regimental  boats  from  the 
transport  "  Vigilancia  "  all  the  time  we  were  in  Cuba,  the  man 
ner  in  which  men  were  hastily  transferred  from  Regimental  to 
Division  Hospital  while  encamped  near  Santiago,  the  haste  with 
which,  once  yellow  fever  was  discovered,  on  reaching  Montauk 
more  than  one  hundred  were  despatched  to  Detention 
Camp  and  there  strictly  quarantined ;  the  removal  of  the  regi 
ment  from  Santiago  to  Montauk  in  three  detachments  by  differ 
ent  vessels,  sailing  at  different  times,  the  leaving  of  many  sick 
and  unable  to  proceed  further  than  the  dock  at  Santiago  in  the 
different  hospitals  of  that  city,  the  encamping  of  the  regiment 
in  three  different  sections,  miles  apart  over  the  roaming  hills 
of  Montauk,  with  no  communication  allowed  between  them, 
together  with  confessedly  inaccurately  kept  records  at  the  Gen 
eral  Hospital  at  Camp  Wikoff,  make  anything  like  a  perfect 
record  9f  our  dead  at  this  time  at  any  rate  absolutely  impossible. 

The  writer  of  this  history  disclaims  all  responsibility  for  this 
lamentable  result,  nor  will  he  attribute  blame  to  anyone  for  it; 

0 

he  merely  states  the  fact  that  at  this  time  of  writing  it  is  impos 
sible  to  answer  definitely  the  heart-rending  appeals  that  come 
for  information  concerning  many  of  the  sick,  wounded,  missing 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  247 

and  dead  of  the  Seventy-first  Regiment.  Confronted  by  such  a 
condition,  we  are  compelled  to  annex  a  newspaper  clipping  of 
August  23rd,*  giving  more  definite  information  than  anything 
we  have  been  able  to  secure  from  the  official  records : 

LIST  OF  SEVENTY-FIRST  REGIMENT  MEN LIVING,  ILL,   MISSING,  DEAD. 

Camp  Wikoff,  Aug.  22,  1898. —  Following  is  a  list  of  the  mem 
bers  of  the  Seventy-first  Regiment,  either  in  Cuba,  in  the  hospital 
here,  missing  or  dead.  Many  of  these  men  have  heretofore  been 

unaccounted  for: 

Staff  Officers. 

James  Stafford,  Assistant  Surgeon,  is  on  duty  in  Cuba. 
George  H.  Stevenson,  Hospital  Steward,  in  hospital  at  Santiago. 

Company  A. 

First  Sergeant  Edgar  W.  Root,  died  of  typhoid  malarial  fever 
September  8,  1898,  at  Yonkers,  N.  Y. 

Hubbard  W.  White,  died  of  yellow  fever  September  1,  1898,  at 
•Camp  Wikoff. 

William  Preger,f  killed  at  the  battle  of  San  Juan,  July  1,  1898. 

Frederick  V.  V.  Shaw,  wounded,  San  Juan  battle. 

Company  B. 

Corporal  Louis  B.  Small,  died  of  disease  September  3,  in  hos 
pital,  New  York  City. 

Washington  B.  Clarke,  wounded,  in  New  York. 

Reuben  N.  Dodd,  accidentally  Jdlled,  October  28,  1898,  at  New 
York  City. 

*  From  the  very  nature  of  things  more  or  less  inaccuracy  is  expected  in  a  newspaper  article 
of  the  character  inserted  here  by  Dr.  Van  Dewater.  But,  by  comparison  and  verification  with 
the  muster  rolls  in  the  office  of  the  Adjutant-General  of  the  State  of  New  York,  a  reasonably 
full  and  accurate  list  of  the  casualties  in  the  Seventy-first  regiment  has  been  obtained. — STATE 
HISTORIAN. 

tAlso  borne  on  the  rolls  as  Prayer.  -STATE  HISTORIAN. 


248  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

John  W.  Jeffrey,  wounded,  in  New  York. 

Louis  B.  Skinner,  killed  in  action  at  San  Juan  Hill,  July  1, 
1898. 

Edward  Y.  Thorp,  died  of  disease,  September  4,  1898,  in  St. 
Luke's  Hospital,  New  York. 

Company  C. 

Arthur  D.  Burhans,  died  of  disease,  September  1,  1898,  at  Ba- 
yonne,  N.  J. 

John  Howitt,  died  of  disease,  August  25,  1898,  at  Santiago, 
Cuba. 

Charles  P.  F.  Gushing,  killed  in  action,  July  1,  1898,  at  San 
Juan  Hill. 

Thomas  H.  Fitzgerald,  died  of  disease,  September  13,  1898,  at 
Montauk  Point,  N.  Y. 

George  L.  Immen,*  died,  July  4,  1898,  of  wounds  received  in 
action  at  San  Juan  Hill,  July  1,  1898. 

William  S.  Valentine,  committed  suicide  while  temporarily 
deranged  at  his  home,  Sing  Sing. 

Samuel  J.  Walton,  died  of  disease  at  Camp  Wikoff,  August 
20,  1898. 

Charles  J.  Weeks,  wounded  and  at  home. 

Company  D. 

Alexander  Clark,  died  of  typhoid  fever,  August  27,  1898,  at 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Walter  J.  Brown,  died  of  dysentery,  August  11,  1898,  in  hos 
pital  near  Santiago,  Cuba. 

Joseph  Dunwoody,  wounded  in  action,  July  1,  1898,  at  San 
Juan  Hill ;  died  of  wounds,  September  12,  1898,  at  New  York  City. 

*Also  borne  on  the  rolls  as  George  R.  Immens. — STA.TE  HISTORIAN. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  249 

Daniel  K.  Reynolds,  died  of  dysentery,  August  30,  1898,  on 
board  transport  a  Roumania,"  at  sea. 

William  J.  Walsh,  died  of  fever,  September  19,  1898,  at  New 
York  City. 

Emil  Wendland,  died  of  typhoid  fever,  September  21,  1898,  at 
New  York  City. 

Company  E. 

Sergeant  Herman  Ziegner,  died  of  fever,  September  9,  1898, 
in  St.  John's  Hospital,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Sergeant  William  D.  S.  Young,  died  of  fever,  July  29,  1898,  at 
Santiago,  Cuba. 

William  R.  Carmer,  died  of  fever,  September  8,  1898,  on  board 
transport  "  Missouri,"  at  sea. 

George  W.  Cook,  died  of  malarial  fever,  September  11,  1898,  at 
Hackensack,  N.  J. 

Stanley  H.  Forsyth,  died  of  fever,  October  12,  1898,  at  Water- 
town,  N.  Y. 

Paul  W.  Freidman,  died  of  fever,  September  4,  1898,  aboard 
transport  "  Missouri,"  at  sea. 

John  P.  Hogan,  died  of  malarial  fever,  September  16,  1898,  at 
New  York  City. 

Arthur  M.  Messiter,  died  of  fever,  September  2,  1898,  at  Boston, 
Mass. 

Edward  Pfister,  died  of  fever,  August  28,  1898,  at  Montauk 
Point,  N.  Y. 

John  J.  Quilty,  died  of  disease,  August  26,  1898,  at  Camp 
Wikoff. 

Edgar  E.  Williams,  died  of  fever,  August  23,  1898,  at  Mon 
tauk  Point,  N.  Y. 


250  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

Company  F. 

Lieutenant  Alfred  I.  Roberts,  died  of  pneumonia,  September 
20,  1898,  in  hospital,  Montauk  Point,  X.  Y. 

Frank  W.  Booth,  killed  in  action  at  San  Juan  Hill,  July  1,  1898. 

Harry  F.  Carpenter,  died  of  typhoid  malaria,  September  12, 
1898,  at  his  home,  Monroe,  K.  Y. 

John  J.  Dinan,  died  of  fever,  August  26,  1898,  at  Montauk 
Point,  X.  Y. 

Leander  G.  Eiseman,  home,  wounded. 

Frederick  L.  Engels,  died  of  malarial  fever,  August  14,  1898, 
aboard  transport  "  La  Grande  Duchesse." 

Joseph  Howard,  died  of  typhoid  malaria,  September  21,  1898, 
at  New  Y^ork  City. 

Edward  C.  Kroupa,  died  of  pernicious  malarial  fever,  August 
11,  1898,  at  Santiago,  Cuba. 

Thomas  J.  O'Brien,  died  of  disease,  September  4,  1898,  at  St. 
John's  Hospital,  borough  of  Queens,  New  York. 

John  A.  Shaw,  died  of  fever,  August  11,  1898,  at  Santiago, 
Cuba. 

Henry  J.  Scheid,  died,  July  3,  1898,  of  wounds  received  in 
action  at  San  Juan  Hill,  July  1,  1898. 

Company  Cr. 

First  Sergeant  Eugene  L.  Sharrott,  died  of  typhoid  fever, 
August  13,  1898,  at  Santiago,  Cuba. 

Corporal  William  A.  Rusk,  died  of  entero  colitis  fever,  Sep 
tember  10,  1898,  aboard  transport  "  Missouri." 

John  M.  Barn  urn,  died  of  dysentery,  August  17,  1898,  at  Camp 
Wikoff. 

Lewis  C.  Heath,  died  in  Santiago,  Cuba,  August  8,  1898,  of  per 
nicious  malarial  fever. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  251 

James  E.  Nagle,  died  of  fever  and  bronchitis,  October  15,  1898, 
at  New  York  City. 

Richard  Martens,  died  of  malarial  fever,  August  28,  1898,  at 
Santiago,  Cuba. 

Company  H. 

Lieutenant  William  Longson,  died  of  typhoid  fever,  September 
1,  1898,  at  New  York  City. 

John  Bourke,  died  of  typhoid  fever,  September  10,  1898,  at 
New  York  City. 

Company  I. 

Sergeant  Elmer  C.  Meeks,  died  of  typhoid  malarial  fever,  Sep 
tember  19,  1898,  at  New  York  City. 

William  E.  Cheevers,  died  of  fever,  August  1,  1898,  at  San 
tiago,  Cuba. 

Joseph  S.  Decker,  killed  in  action  at  San  Juan  Hill,  July  1, 
1898. 

Eugene  W.  Goff,  died  of  fever,  September  3,  1898,  at  Camp 
Wikoff,  Montauk  Point,  N.  Y. 

Philip  S.  Hubschmitt,  died  at  Lakeland,  Fla.,  of  gastric  fever, 
May  27,  1898. 

Richard  Quevedo,  died  of  typhoid  malarial  fever,  September  3, 
1898,  at  New  York  City. 

Frank  H.  Zoller,  died  of  intermittent  fever,  September  22,  1898, 
at  New  York  City. 

Company  K. 

Corporal  James  L.  Rodgers,  died  of  fever,  September  8,  1898, 
at  Camp  Wikoff,  Montauk  Point,  N.  Y. 

Joseph  I.  Black,  died  of  entero  colitis,  September  2,  1898,  at 
Santiago,  Cuba. 


252  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

Norman  W.  Crosley  (Crosby),  died  of  fever,  September  3, 
1898,  at  New  York  City. 

John  H.  Haller,  died  of  fever,  August  24,  1898,  at  Camp  Wikoff, 
N.  Y. 

William  McClurg,  died  of  pleuro  pneumonia,  November  9,  1898, 
at  New  York  City. 

Edward  Percy  McKeever,  died  of  fever,  August  31,  1898,  at 
New  York  City. 

John  E.  O'Connor,  died  of  fever,  August  11,  1898,  at  Santiago, 
Cuba. 

Frank  E.  Rouse,  died  of  fever  at  Montauk  Point,  August  15, 
1898. 

August  F.  Schroter,  died  of  fever,  August  25,  1898,  at  Camp 
Wikoff. 

Arthur  Von  Ette,  died  of  fever,  September  5,  1898,  aboard 
transport  "  Missouri,'-'  at  sea, 

Charles  Gombert,  died  of  fever,  August  16,  1898,  at  Santiago, 
Cuba, 

Sidney  A.  Scofield,  killed  in  action  at  San  Juan  Hill,  July  1, 
1898. 

Company  L. 

Frank  E.  Alden,  died  of  malarial  fever,  August  12,  1898,  at 
Field  Hospital,  Santiago,  Cuba. 

John  Booth,  killed  in  action  at  San  Juan  Hill,  July  1,  1898. 

Nathan  H.  Carswell,  died  of  malarial  fever,  August  25,  1898, 
at  his  home,  New  York  City. 

John  F.  Cavanaugh,  died  of  fever,  Camp  Wikoff,  August  29, 
1898. 

Alexander  Conroy,  deserted. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  253 

Ebbe  Ebbeson,  died  of  typhoid  fever  at  sea  and  was  buried  at 
Montauk  Point,  September  10,  1898. 

Corporal  Robert  G.  Everett,  died  of  typhoid  fever,  September 
5,  1898,  at  New  York  City. 

John  J.  Fitzgibbon,  died  of  typhoid  fever,  September  10,  1898, 
aboard  transport  "  Missouri,"  and  was  buried  at  sea. 

Gus  Grahn,  died  of  disease  before  Santiago,  July  20,  1898. 

Christopher  Jorgensen,  accidentally  killed  en  route  to  Camp 
Wikoff,  Montauk  Point,  X.  Y.,  from  Camp  Black,  August  24,  1898. 

Gustav  C.  Schutz,  died  of  disease  aboard  transport  "  La  Grande 
Duchesse  "  in  transit  to  Montauk  Point,  N.  Y.,  and  was  buried 
at  sea  Sunday,  August  14,  1898. 

James  T.  Williams,  died  at  Santiago,  Cuba,  July  28,  1898,  of 
fever. 

Company  M. 

First  Sergeant  William  I).  Pierson,  died  of  fever,  August  23, 
1898,  at  Montauk  Point,  N.  Y. 

Sergeant  John  J.  Mara,  died  of  fever  and  dysentery,  Septem 
ber  11,  1898,  at  Camp  Wikoff,  Montauk  Point,  N.  Y. 

Corporal  Lewis  W.  Carlisle,  died  July  28,  1898,  at  St.  Peters 
Hospital,  Brooklyn,  of  wounds  received  in  action  July  2,  1898. 

George  M.  Babbitt,  died  of  heart  disease  aboard  ship  in  transit 
to  Montauk  Point,  and  was  buried  at  sea  August  13,  1898. 

Clinton  B.  Brown,  killed  in  action  at  San  Juan  Hill,  July  1, 
1898. 

Charles  E.  Craigie,  died  of  fever,  August  27,  1898,  at  Montauk 
Point. 

Michael  Daly,  killed  in  action  at  San  Juan  Hill,  July  1,  1898. 

Thomas  G.  Dunning,  died  of  fever,  August  23,  1898,  at  Montauk 
Point,  N.  Y. 


254  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

David  M.  Earl,  died  of  fever,  August  26,  1898,  at  Montauk 
Point,  N.  Y. 

John  H.  Geoghegan,  died  of  fever,  September  8,  1898,  at  Glen 
Cove,  N.  Y. 

Norman  J.  G.  McWilliam,  died  of  yellow  fever,  August  20,  1898, 
at  Siboney,  Cuba. 

William  A.  Talcott,  Jr.,  died  of  fever  and  peritonitis,  Septem 
ber  1,  1898,  at  Watch  Hill,  K.  I. 

Charles  D.  Holland,  killed  in  action  at  San  Juan  Hill,  July 
1,  1898. 

Reuben  Ross,  killed  in  action  at  San  Juan  Hill,  July  1,  1898. 

Maurice  B.  Kane,  killed  by  the  cars,  August  24,  1898,  near 
Westburg,  N.  Y. 

CASUALTIES.  Officers.  Men. 

Killed  in  action ....  11 

Died  of  wounds  received  in  action ....  4 

Wounded 1  60 

Accidentally  killed ....  3 

Died  of  disease 2  73 

Committed  suicide ....  1 

— STATE  HISTORIAN. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  255 

The  wholly  unique  character  of  the  San  Juan  engagement, 
infantry  for  hours  doing  the  work  of  artillery,  no  regiment,  either 
regular  or  volunteer,  having  been  wholly  kept  intact,  the  battle,  by 
the  acknowledgment  of  everyone,  not  a  general's,  nor  a  colonel's, 
nor  scarcely  a  major's,  but  a  captain's  and  even  a  private's 
engagement,  it  is  no  wonder  that  there  were  many  conflicting 
reports  of  the  work  done  by  the  several  commands  or  that  the 
honor  of  being  first  at  the  top  of  the  San  Juan  Hill  was  claimed 
by  at  least  sixteen  companies  and  six  regiments  of  the  Fifth  Army 
Corps. 

When  home  papers  very  naturally  enlarged  upon  the  work  done 
and  the  bravery  shown  by  the  volunteer  regiments  and  illus 
trated  their  somewhat  exaggerated  accounts  with  some  extra 
ordinary  pictures,  one  paper  going  so  far  as  to  give  away  an 
illustrated  supplement  containing  a  march  dedicated  to  "  The 
Hero  of  San  Juan,"  as  though  any  man  could  be  the  hero  of  such 
a  battle,  the  regulars,  reading  these  reports  and  seeing  these 
pictures,  having  no  press  in  any  city  to  laud  their  individual 
efforts,  became  naturally  jealous,  resented  what  they  called  in 
justice,  and  were,  some  of  them,  responsible  for  an  article  which 
appeared  in  one  paper  of  New  York  city,  too  unworthy  to  be 
mentioned,  reflecting  upon  the  bravery  of  the  Seventy-first  Kegi- 
ment.  The  facts  were  so  undeniably  a  refutation  of  this  charge 
that  the  entire  press  and  the  whole  community  instantly  wreaked 
its  vengeance  upon  this  libelous  sheet,  and  brought  its  managers 

upon  their  knees  for  mercy  in  less  than  twenty-four  hours. 
******** 

Not  to  answer  any  charge  of  cowardice,  to  do  which  would  be 
unworthy,  the  following  from  the  pen  of  one  of  the  ablest  war 
correspondents  in  the  field  is  here  submitted  as  a  perfectly  accu- 


256  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

rate  account  of  the  engagement  of  the  Seventy-first  at  San  Juan 
Hill.  A  careful  study  of  all  the  official  reports  of  that  battle 
under  the  strongest  light  which  study  and  research  will  throw 
upon  it  in  the  future  can  but  confirm  every  statement  made  here 
by  Mr.  Stoddard : 

u  It  is  not  a  matter  of  great  surprise  to  those  who  went 
through  the  Santiago  campaign  to  find  on  coming  home  here 
that  the  Seventy-first  New  York  is  the  subject  of  wide  discussion, 
for  there  was  never  a  moment  from  the  time  in  May  when  it 
landed  in  Lakeland,  Fla.,  until  after  Santiago  had  fallen  that 
the  appearance  and  standing  of  the  regiment  were  not  the  every 
day  talk  of  both  regulars  and  civilians  in  the  expedition.  Roose 
velt's  men  excited  the  curiosity  of  everyone,  but,  as  two-thirds 
of  them  had  been  under  fire  in  one  way  or  another,  and  were 
hardened  to  roughing  it,  they  were  not  regarded  as  a  type  of  the 
yoilunteer  soldier.  The  Seventy-first  men  were  so  regarded, 
however,  from  the  outset.  Many  regular  officers  made  the  trip 
from  Tampa  to  Lakeland  to  look  them  over  and  make  comparison 
with  the  regulars,  and  all  returned  with  highest  praise  for  the 
men  and  for  the  spirit  they  showed. 

"  It  was  because  of  this  fact  that  they  were  the  only  volunteers 
except  the  Roosevelt  Regiment,  assigned  to  the  perilous  work  of 
taking  San  Juan  Hill,  and  the  only  ones  employed  in  the  first 
day's  battle  at  that  point. 

"  The  Second  Massachusetts  was  a  part  of  Brigadier-General 
Ludlow's*  command  at  El  Caney,  and,  though  it  suffered  from 

*William  Ludlcnv.  Born  in  New  York.  Appointed  from  New  York  to  the  United  States 
Military  Academy  July  1,  18GO  (graduated  No.  8);  first  lieutenant  engineers  June  13,  1864; 
captain  March  7,  1867;  major  June  30,  1882;  lieutenant-colonel  August  13,  1895;  brigadier- 
general  volunteers  May  4,  1898;  major-general  volunteers  September  7,  1898;  honorably  dis 
charged  April  13,  1899;  brigadier-general  volunteers  April  13,  1899;  brigadier-sreneral  United 
States  army  January  21,  1900;  brevet -captain  July  20,  1864,  for  gallant  and  meritorious 
services  in  the  defence  of  Allatoona  Pass;  major  December  21,  1864,  for  gallant  and  merito 
rious  services  in  the  campaign  through  Georgia,  and  lieutentant-colonel  March  13,  18(55,  for 
gallant  and  meritorious  services  in  the  campaign  of  the  Carolinas;  died  at  Convent  Station, 
New  Jersey,  Aug-aat  30,  1901,  aged  58  yaars.— STA.TE  HISTORIAN. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  257 

Spanish  fire,  it  was  not  engaged  in  the  intense  fighting  at  El 
Caney,  nor,  of  course,  did  it  get  into  the  San  Juan  engagement 
until  the  second  day,  when  the  firing  on  both  sides  was  from 
behind  entrenchments.  This  was  no  fault  of  the  Massachusetts 
men,  for  they  did  the  work  assigned  them  elsewhere  with  valiant 
spirit,  but  it  was  Chaffee's  brigade  of  regulars,  and  not  Ludlow's, 
which  General  Lawton*  ordered  into  the  final  charge  upon  El 
Oaney,  and  the  Massachusetts  men  were  utilized  as  a  support, 
rather  than  as  the  assailing  column. 

"  To  the  critics  of  the  Seventy-first  the  reply  may  well  be 
made  that  there  must  have  been  something  in  the  make-up  of 
the  New  York  boys  to  lead  the  commanding  general  to  order 
them  into  a  charge  at  which  even  veteran  troops  might 
falter,  and  where  the  daring  of  our  men,  regulars  and  volunteers 
alike,  excited  the  wonder  and  admiration  of  the  military  experts 
of  all  nations.  Had  the  San  Juan  engagement  been  an  ordinary 
battle,  with  no  unusual  advantage  in  position  for  either  side,  the 
selection  of  a  regiment  as  part  of  the  advancing  column  would 
be  no  special  indication  of  confidence,  but  at  San  Juan,  to  go 
into  the  fight  as  part  of  the  charging  column,  meant  that  one 
out  of  ever}7  four  men  was  to  drop,  wounded  or  killed. 

*Henry  Ware  Lawton.  Born  in  Ohio.  Appointed  from  Indiana.  Sergeint  Co.  E,  9th 
Indiana  infantry,  April  18  to  July  29,  1861;  first  lieutenant  30th  Indiana  infantry  August  20, 
1861;  captain  May  17,  1862;  lieutenant-colonel  November  15,  1864;  brevet -colonel  volunteer* 
March  13,  1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  during  the  war;  honorably  mustered  out 
November  25,  1865;  second  lieutenant  41st  infantry  July  2S,  1866;  first  lieutenant  July  31, 
1867;  regimental  quartermaster  June  1,  1868,  to  November  11,  1869;  transferred  to  24th 
infantry  November  11,  1869;  regimental  quartermaster  November  11,  1869,  to  January  1, 
1871;  transferred  to  4th  cavalry  January  1,  1871;  regimental  quartermaster  May  1,  1872,  to 
March  20,  1875,  and  September  1,  1876,  to  March  20,  1879;  captain  March  20,  1879,  to  October 
2,  1888;  major  inspector-general  September  17,  1888;  lieutenant-colonel  inspector-general 
February  12,  1889;  colonel  inspector-general  July  7,  1898;  brigadier-general  volunteers  May  4, 
1898;  major-general  volunteers  July  8,  1898;  received  Congressional  medal  of  honor  for  dis 
tinguished  gallantry  in  leading  a  charge  of  skirmishers  against  the  enemy's  rifle  pits,  taking 
them  with  their  occupants  and  stubbornly  and  successfully  resisting  two  determined  attacks 
of  the  enemy  to  retake  the  works;  in  front  of  Atlanta,  Ga.,  August  3,  1864,  while  serving  as 
captain  Co.  A,  30th  Indiana  volunteer  infantry  and  brigade  officer  of  the  day;  killed  in  actiom 
at  the  battle  of  San  Mateo,  Philippine  Islands,  December  19,  1893.  agel  56  years. — •STATE 
HISTORIAN. 

17 


258  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

"  It  was  for  such  courageous  work  as  this  that  the  Seventy-first 
men  were  awakened  before  dawn  on  the  morning  of  July  1st. 
I  know  something  of  their  spirit  and  pluck  as  they  prepared 
for  the  march  from  camp  at  El  Poso,  five  miles  away,  for  I  had 
pitched  my  tent  in  their  camp  two  days  before  and  was  the  only 
newspaper  correspondent  with  them  that  night  before  the  battle 
and  who  marched  out  with  them  toward  the  front  that  morn 
ing.  Few  of  the  men  knew  just  what  they  were  going  to  do, 
for  the  orders  were  simply  to  follow  the  Sixth  and  Sixteenth 
Regulars  wherever  they  went,  but  all  knew  that  a  battle  of  some 
kind  was  at  hand,  and  that  the  regiment  was  to  be  in  it.  This 
was  exactly  what  they  wanted,  and  all  hands  marched  out  that 
morning  proud  of  the  fact  that  they  had  been  chosen  part  of  the 
fighting  force. 

"  The  orders  to  prepare  to  advance  had  come  to  Colonel  Downs 
late  the  day  before,  and  at  '  retreat '  that  night  had  been  com 
municated  to  the  men.  They  were  to  take  the  road  at  4  o'clock 
in  the  morning,  falling  in  after  the  Sixteenth  Regulars.  That 
night  there  were  bustle  and  hurry  and  excitement  throughout 
the  camp,  and  when  I  readied  there  about  8  o'clock,  after  an 
afternoon's  journey  for  rations  down  to  Siboney  and  back,  every 
one  was  talking  of  to-morrow.  It  was  not  the  first  time  that 
the  men  had  prepared  for  battle,  for  they  had  been  ordered 
into  the  Las  Guasimas  fight  as  reinforcements  the  first  day  they 
were  on  shore  —  another  evidence,  by  the  way,  that  they  were 
to  do  the  duty  of  veterans  —  and  on  the  night  of  July  27th,  the 
picket  line  began  a  firing  that  brought  the  entire  regiment  into 
formation  to  resist  a  midnight  surprise.  On  that  occasion  every 
man  jumped  from  his  tent  at  word  of  command  and  was  at  his 
place  of  duty  ready  for  the  foe  in  less  than  two  minutes'  time. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  259 

"  The  probability  of  a  fight  next  day,  therefore,  was  not  an 
entirely  new  thought  for  the  Seventy-first  as  they  turned  in  for 
a  night's  rest,  though  few  of  them  got  much  sleep,  there  was  so 
much  packing  up,  letter  writing  by  caudle  and  singing  to  do. 
Promptly  at  half-past  three,  however,  before  dawn  had  yet 
streaked  the  skies  or  the  chill  night  air  was  tempered  by  the  sun, 
the  call  to  rise  was  sounded  by  the  bugler.  It  was  a  strange 
sight  to  see  the  dark  figures  of  the  men  moving  about,  like 
shadows  on  a  curtain,  and  getting  ready  for  the  departure.  Fires 
were  lit  and  coffee  boiled  in  much  less  time  than  ever  before, 
the  three  days'  rations  were  packed  away  in  haversacks  and  each 
man  rolled  his  bed-roll  and  keepsakes  in  his  half  of  the  shelter 
canvas.  Altogether,  with  105  rounds  of  ammunition  in  his 
cartridge  belt,  every  man  in  the  regiment  started  out  on  that 
historic  day  with  fully  fifty  pounds  on  his  back.  In  addition, 
every  fourth  man  carried  a  spade  or  axe. 

u  Promptly  at  4  o'clock  of  July  1st  Colonel  Downs  had  his 
First  Battalion  halted  on  the  roadside  awaiting  the  passing  of 
the  two  regiments  he  was  to  follow.  The  regulars  were  so  far 
behind,  however,  that  after  waiting  half  an  hour  Colonel  Downs 
ordered  his  men  to  proceed  and  I  went  with  them.  We  marched 
at  slow  pace,  about  two  miles,  I  should  say,  when  the  regulars 
caught  up  and  the  Seventy-first  drew  up  on  the  side  of  the  road 
to  allow  them  to  pass.  P>y  that  time  Capron's*  artillery  had 
opened  fire  on  El  Caney,  and  the  sound  of  the  guns  was  as  dis 
tinct  in  the  morning  air  as  if  they  were  within  half  a  mile  of  us, 
instead  of  being  nearly  five  miles  away.  It  was  hard  marching 

*Allyn  Capron,  father  of  Cant.  Allyu  K.  Capron  of  the  Rough  Riders,  who  was  killed  in 
action  at  the  battle  of  Las  C.uasimas,  was  horn  in  Florida.  Appointed  from  North  Carolina 
to  the  United  States  Military  Academy  September  1,  1S63  (graduated  No.  33);  second  lieu 
tenant  1st  artillery  June  17,  1867;  first  lieutenant  August  19,  1873;  captain  December  4,  1888; 
participated  in  the  operations  around  Santiago  during  the  Spanish  war:  died  September  18, 
1898  near  Fort  Myer,  Virginia,  aged  52  years. — STVTI-:  HISTORIAN. 


260  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

that  morning  ia  the  muddy  roads,  especially  as  most  of  it  had 
to  be  done  in  columns  of  two's,  and  I  concluded  to  go  ahead  with 
the  regulars  so  as  to  cover  as  much  ground  as  possible  before 
the  sun  became  too  hot.  I  left  the  Seventy-first,  therefore,  at 
their  halting  place  opposite  General  Shafter's  headquarters,  in- 
'tending  to  await  them  farther  on. 

"  Musketry  fire  could  now  be  heard  distinctly  from  the  direction 
of  El  Caney,  mingling  with  the  booming  of  cannon,  and  we  all 
understood  that  Lawton's  division  was  engaging  the  enemy  there. 
Our  path,  however,  lay  in  a  different  direction  —  toward  El  Poso. 
First  with  the  Sixth  and  then  with  the  Sixteenth  I  trudged  along 
w^ith  fast  wearying  step,  for  carrying  thirty  odd  pounds  on  one's 
back  in  such  a  climate  and  on  such  a  road  is  no  easy  task.  Finally 
w^e  came  in  sight  of  Grimes'  battery  up  the  El  Poso  Hill,  with 
part  of  Roosevelt's  Regiment  strung  along  the  trail  and  on  the 
crest.  Here  I  left  the  infantry  on  the  valley  road  and  started 
for  the  hill  top.  Half  way  up  the  hill  I  looked  back  on  the  valley 
road  and  for  the  first  time  realized  that  a  big  movement  was  to 
take  place.  The  road  was  packed  with  troops  as  far  as  one  could 
see,  all  halted  for  the  word  of  command.  On  the  El  Poso  Hill, 
gathered  around  the  battery,  were  General  Sumner,  Colonel 
Wood,  Lieutenant-Colonel  Roosevelt,  Lieutenant  Miley  and  Lieu 
tenant-Colonel  John  Jacob  Astor,  of  General  Shafter's  staff,  and 
Captain  Grimes.  It  was  then  about  7.30.  Everybody  who  had 
field  glasses  had  them  leveled  at  San  Juan  Hill,  where  the  Span 
iards  were,  but  not  a  sign  of  life  could  be  detected  there.  It  was 
not  over  a  mile  and  a  half  from  the  crest  of  one  hill  to  that  of 
the  other. 

"  The  first  shot  from  our  cannon,  fired  just  before  8  o'clock,  fell 
into  the  trees  and  foliage  at  San  Juan  without  disturbing  the 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  261 

quiet  and  repose  of  the  place  in  the  slightest.  Another  and 
another  shot  went  crashing  over  there,  followed  by  our  hurrahs 
and  cheers,  but  the  scores  of  field  glasses  we  were  using  gave 
no  indication  that  San  Juan  was  other  than  a  wilderness.  Nearly 
a  score  of  solid  shot  had  been  fired  and  the  range  reduced  from 
2,800  to  2,400  yards  when  General  Sunnier  ordered  a  change  to 
shrapnel.  A  group  of  twenty  of  us  watched  the  loading  of  the 
gun  and  hurrahed  loudly  as  the  deadly  stuff  went  whistling  and 
twirling  on  its  way  toward  the  Spanish  entrenchments,  but  we 
did  not  try  to  locate  it  with  our  glasses.  Indeed,  it  had  scarcely 
landed  on  San  Juan  Hill  before  the  Spaniards  greeted  us  with 
a  reply  in  kind  —  the  first  shot  of  the  battle  from  them  —  and 
our  hurrahs  promptly  changed  into  something  else.  No  one 
stopped  to  locate  where  our  shrapnel  landed,  for  we  were  all 
too  busy  trying  to  get  out  of  the  way  of  the  Spanish  shrapnel. 
The  first  shot  flew  through  the  air  about  fifty  yards  over  our 
heads,  but  the  third  one  struck  three  Cubans  standing  against 
a  half  destroyed  sugar  mill. 

"  For  the  next  fifteen  minutes  the  interchange  of  shrapnel  be 
tween  the  batteries  on  the  two  hills  was  quite  lively  and  Grimes' 
Hill,  as  it  was  called,  was  anything  but  a  comfortable  place.  All 
the  hurrahing  had  ceased  and  almost  everyone  was  lying  on  his 
stomach  or  behind  cover.  Quite  an  exodus  had  taken  place,  too, 
from  the  summit  of  the  hill,  since  the  Spaniards  had  deigned  to 
reply  to  our  gunners.  I  fail  to  recall  whether  I  led  or  followed 
the  retreating  column,  for  there  were  a  few  minutes  just  then 
which  are  a  blank  to  quite  a  number  of  people,  including  myself, 
except  the  recollection  of  shrill  sounds  in  the  air  all  about  you, 
horses  and  men  tangled  up  on  the  hillside  and  everybody  dodging 
and  yelling. 


262  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

"  In  the  midst  of  the  confusion  the  Roosevelt  Regiment  was 
ordered  to  go  down  the  hill  and  advance  on  San  Juan.  It  is  said 
this  order  never  came  from  headquarters,  but  was  Roosevelt's 
own  idea.  I  do  not  know  whether  it  was  or  not,  but  the  men 
obeyed  with  alacrity,  for  almost  anything  was  better  than  lying 
flat  in  the  bushes  around  Grimes'  battery,  as  if  awaiting  one's 
turn  to  be  hit  with  the  flying  shell. 

"  It  was  half  an  hour  after  the  Roosevelt  men  had  begun  to 
move  on  San  Juan  that  I  again  met  the  Seventy-first.  I  had  gone 
down  the  hill  with  several  others,  including  Colonel  Astor,  whose 
orderly  had  disappeared  with  his  horse,  and  at  the  point  in  the 
road  where  the  San  Juan  creek  or  river  had  to  be  crossed  I  found 
the  Seventy-first  halted.  They  had  been  there  for  an  hour  or 
more,  in  their  assigned  place  back  of  the  Sixteenth  Regulars. 
Both  regiments  were  wating  for  Roosevelt's  men  and  the  cavalry 
to  go  by.  No  orders  to  advance  had  yet  been  given  by  General 
K(?nt  to  his  division,  but  Lieutenant  Miley  had  just  ridden  over 
from  Grimes'  battery  with  orders  for  Kent  to  take  his  division 
into  action.  So,  at  least,  those  of  us  who  were  on  the  road  under 
stood  from  the  talk  we  heard  there.  Meanwhile,  however,  every 
man  on  that  road  was  under  the  shrapnel  fire  of  the  two  opposing 
batteries,  for  the  valley  lay  between  the  two  hills,  and  the  fatal 
volley  firing  of  the  Spaniards  had  just  opened  up  on  the  men 
who  were  fording  the  stream.  The  Seventy-first  men  got  there  in 
the  thick  of  it.  They  hesitated.  Who  did  not?  No  enemy  was 
in  sight,  yet  scores  of  enemy's  bullets  were  falling  among  them, 
and  shrapnel  shells  were  making  the  air  overhead  hideous  with 
their  terrorizing  sound.  Though  by  no  means  as  dangerous  as  a 
volley  of  bullets,  yet  no  sound  in  the  two  days'  battle  was  as 
much  dreaded  as  that  of  shrapnel.  General  Kent,  in  his  report, 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  263 

says :  '  The  fire  of  the  enemy's  sharpshooters  was  being  distinctly 
felt  at  this  time.7  He  might  have  added  that  the  New  York  boys 
had  their  first  killed  and  wounded  here.  General  Kent  goes  on : 
c  The  enemy's  infantry  fire,  steadily  increasing  in  intensity,  now 
came  from  all  directions,  not  only  from  the  front  and  the  dense 
tropical  thickets  on  our  flanks,  but  from  sharpshooters  thickly 
posted  in  trees  in  our  rear  and  from  shrapnel  apparently  aimed 
at  the  balloon.' 

"  It  was  into  such  a  maelstrom  of  shot  from  hidden  sources  that 
General  Kent  ordered  the  Seventy-first  to  go,  not  straight  ahead 
of  them  in  the  open,  but  up  a  blind  mountain  trail,  hemmed  in 
on  both  sides  by  the  tropical  thickets  of  which  he  speaks. 

"  I  was  not  with  the  First  Battalion  when  it  fell  back  from  the 
creek,  as  General  Kent  says  in  his  official  report  that  it  did, 
but  it  certainly  did  not  throw  the  two  other  battalions  into 
worse  disorder,  as  General  Kent  would  have  known,  if  he  had 
been  there,  which  he  was  not,  than  existed  along  the  entire  line 
exposed  to  fire.  I  heard  at  the  time  that  someone  had  ordered 
the  regiment  up  a  newly  discovered  by-path  or  trail  on  San  Juan 
Hill,  and  that,  as  they  tried  to  get  up,  moving  in  two's,  the  First 
Battalion  met  such  a  fire,  following  that  crossing  the  stream,  that 
it  believed  it  had  been  ambushed.  If  any  of  General  Kent's  staff 
made  a  cordon  back  of  the  regiment,  in  order  to  force  them  into 
action,  no  one  among  the  dozen  or  more  with  whom  I  stood  saw 
or  spoke  of  such  action.  They  were  around  there  giving  con 
tradictory  orders,  and  in  their  haste  not  very  definite  ones,  and 
it  would  not  be  surprising  if  the  misunderstanding  among  the 
Seventy-first's  officers  was  largely  due  to  the  excited  state  of 
mind  of  General  Kent's  staff. 


204  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

"  It  was  never  intended,  as  1  understood  the  situation  that 
morning,  that  the  Ninth,  Thirteenth  and  Twenty-fourth  Regulars, 
who  were  behind  the  Seventy-first  on  the  road,  should  follow  it 
into  battle,  and  the  fact  that  General  Kent  ordered  the  Seventy- 
first,  as  he  says,  up  this  by-path,  while  the  other  regiments  went 
farther  to  the  left,  proves  that  the  temporary  hesitation  of  the 
Seventy-first  in  no  way  affected  the  general  movement.  The  other 
regiments,  or  part  of  them,  pushed  on,  according  to  plan,  and  the 
Thirteenth  and  Twenty-fourth  made  that  gallant  charge  on  the 
block-house  at  the  extreme  left.  Major  Keek's  battalion  of  the 
Seventy-first  recovered  itself  within  five  minutes  and  was  on  its 
way  up  the  hill  before  a  single  man  of  the  regulars  behind  them 
had  passed  on  the  road.  I  do  not  know,  but  was  told  then  that 
one  company  had  also  gone  up  with  Keek's  battalion,  and  I  have 
heard  since  that  Captain  Rafferty  commanded  it.  The  regiment, 
of  course,  was  split  up  by  this  movement,  but  I  doubt  whether 
a  single  regiment,  regular  or  volunteer,  went  up  that  hill  intact. 
It  was  an  impossible  task,  for  it  was  every  man  for  himself  after 
the  firing  became  so  intense,  and  officers  with  whom  I  have  talked 
tell  me  that  they  were  unable  to  hold  their  men  together.  It  was 
useless  to  give  commands,  for  no  voice  could  be  heard  in  the  din, 
and  no  one  knew  what  company  was  charging  up  the  hill  by  his 
side.  General  Kent  himself,  in  his  first  official  report,  gave  credit 
for  capturing  the  hill  to  the  Sixth  and  Sixteenth  Regulars,  but 
in  his  report  six  days  afterward  acknowledged  that  this  was  an 
error,  and  that  five  regiments  are  to  be  credited  with  that  feat. 
This  shows  the  confused  state  of  things,  when  even  the  Division 
Commander  did  not  know  that  five  regiments,  not  two,  were  in 
the  victorious  charge,  though  all  five  regiments  were  part  of  his 
own  command. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  265 

"  The  period  of  hesitation,  if  that  word  can  be  used,  among  the 
Seventy-first  men  was  so  brief  that  one  wonders  that  a  more 
just  and  generous  course  toward  the  regiment  was  not  pursued 
by  General  Kenr,  and  reference  made  by  him  to  their  splendid 
work  after  that  first  baptism  of  fire  from  a  hidden  enemy.  The  . 
men  themselves,  in  their  frank  letters  to  their  parents,  tell  the 
story  in  their  own  way,  and  if  one  will  but  read  them  all,  he  will 
find  that  they  fit  in  together  in  a  way  that  ends  all  argument 
as  to  their  reliability. 

"  General  Kent  might,  with  truth,  have  said,  first,  that  the 
Seventy-first  got  up  the  hill  in  ample  time  to  have  a  list  of  loss 
as  heavy  as  any  other  regiment ;  second,  that  it  went  into  action 
realizing  that  every  shot  fired  from  its  Springfield  rifle  made  it  a 
target  for  the  enemy  with  smokeless  powder;  and,  third,  that  it 
made  a  target  of  itself  and  went  into  the  charge,  though  whole 
companies  of  regulars,  armed  with  Krag-Jorgensens,  which  are 
almost  smokeless,  yelled  to  '  get  out  of  here  with  those  Spring- 
fields.' 

"  Time  and  again  that  cry  was  heard  by  the  men  of  the  Seventy- 
first,  and  late  on  the  second  day,  when  the  Spaniards  had  ceased 
their  heavy  firing,  the  order  was  given  for  the  regiment  to  stop 
shooting  entirely.  The  Spaniards  were  locating  them  at  every 
shot.  Meanwhile  I  met  more  than  a  score  of  Seventy-first  men 
who  had  picked  up  Krag-Jorgensens  on  the  hillside  and  were 
pleading  for  permission  to  use  them  instead  of  their  black  powder 
rifles.  They  were  not  allowed  to  do  so,  however,  and  had  to  turn 
their  new-found  Krags  over  to  the  ordnance  officer.  Nevertheless, 
as  I  stated  in  a  letter  to  The  Mail  and  Express  from  San  Juan, 
General  Hawkins,  riding  along  the  lines  on  July  2nd,  compH- 


266  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

men  ted  the  Seventy-first  for  its  good  work  that  day  — a  fact 
which  General  Kent  might  also  have  included  in  his  report. 

"  It  was  impossible  for  anyone  to  know  what  wras  going  on 
beyond  his  immediate  neighborhood  during  that  first  day's  bat 
tle —  at  least  until  after  the  hill  had  been  taken  and  the  regi 
ments  had  been  lined  up;  but  the  impression,  gathered  from 
observation  and  discussion  that  day  and  since  then  regarding 
the  Seventy-first's  action,  is  that  a  volunteer  organization  was 
sent  in  the  foremost  column  to  charge  a  fortified  hill,  and  it  \vas 
armed  with  a  rifle  known  by  every  man  to  be  inferior  to  that  used 
by  its  associates,  as  well  as  that  used  by  the  enemy.  It  also 
had  the  disadvantage  of  using  black  powder,  as  against  the 
smokeless  powder  of  its  enemy.  Despite  these  heavy  handicaps, 
disheartening  in  themselves,  it  was  halted  in  a  valley  road  for 
over  an  hour  under  a  desultory  shrapnel  and  musketry  fire,  to 
which  it  could  not  reply,  and  finally  ordered  into  a  hillside  trail, 
where  it  was  met  with  a  storm  of  bullets  from  no  one  knew  where. 

"  Soldiers  who  had  fought  through  many  battles  and  had  been 
ambushed  time  and  again  might,  and  probably  would,  have  re 
covered  themselves  and  reformed  their  lines  before  the  Seventy- 
first  did;  but  they  could  not  have  met  that  hidden  fire  without 
a  recoil,  nor  could  they  have  made  more  rapid  and  courageous 
progress  up  the  hill  after  they  once  started  and  understood  just 

what  was  expected  of  them. 

HENRY  L.  STODDARD." 

The  following  letter  speaks  for  itself  and  is  all  the  more  valu 
able  because  received  unexpectedly  and  unsolicited  by  our  com 
manding  officer,  Colonel  Downs,  a  few  days  after  the  surrender 
of  the  Spaniards: 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  267 

"H'd'qVs.  Inf.,  U.  S.  A. 
Fever  Camp,  Siboney,  Cuba, 

July.  17,  1898. 
Colonel  W.  A.  Downs,  Com'd'g.  71st  Regt,  N.  Y.  Vols. 

Dear  Colonel. —  Having  been  more  or  less  thrown  with  the 
71st  N.  Y.  Vols.,  since  its  arrival  in  Tampa,  Florida,  and  having 
served  with  it  directly  in  the  engagement  at  Fort  San  Juan,  July 
1st,  2nd  and  3rd,  1898,  I  wish  to  say  that  I  consider  it  one  of 
the  very  best  volunteer  regiments  1  have  seen  since  1861.  The 
conduct  of  the  men  under  fire  was  admirable,  their  patriotism 
and  courage  were  undoubted;  but  fully  as  much  to  their  credit 
was  their  cheerful  endurance  of  the  privation,  suffering  and  hard 
ship  which  fall  to  the  lot  of  the  new  soldier  in  the  long  and 
dreary  intervals  not  enlivened  by  actual  contest  and  which  all 
must  endure. 

-s 

Very  truly  yours, 
(signed)         A.  C.  MARKLEY, 

Major,  Com'd'g.  24th  Infy." 

On  the  10th  of  July  the  regiment  was  moved  further  to  the 
right  and  temporarily  assigned  to  the  command  of  General  Law- 
ton.  Subsequently  the  Sixth  and  Sixteenth  Regular  Infantry 
were  similarly  removed  to  the  right,  when  the  First  Brigade  wa» 
restored  and  General  Kent's  headquarters  established  in  the  vicin 
ity.  Here  the  regiment  remained  encamped  until  it  left  the 
island.  Now  that  Santiago  had  surrendered,  there  was  nothing 
to  do  but  to  settle  down  as  comfortably  as  possible  and  to  care 
for  the  health  of  the  men,  all  too  many  of  whom  were  already 
afflicted  with  fever,  prevalent  in  these  semi-tropical  climates 
during  the  months  of  the  rainy  season. 


268  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

Criticism  is  here  withheld,  but  facts  are  stated.  Not  until 
the  20th  of  July  were  we  supplied  by  the  Government  with  any 
rations  other  than  hard  bread,  the  fatty  grease  appropriately 
called  throughout  the  army  "  sow  belly  "  and  green  coffee.  Our 
Quartermaster  tried  in  vain  to  secure  a  single  mule  team  and 
pack  wagon  for  transportation.  The  regiment,  as  such,  never  had 
this  reasonable  allowance  of  transportation  supplied  to  it  from 
the  time  of  its  arrival  in  Cuba  until  the  day  it  left  Santiago. 
Up  to  this  time  the  officers'  horses  had  been  used,  rather  abused, 
and  most  of  them  wrecked  by  using  them  for  pack  mules  to  carry 
ammunition,  stores  and  mail. 

At  the  request  of  Major  Louis  A.  LaGarde,  Surgeon  in  Charge  of 
Siboney,  the  Chaplain  was  assigned  to  duty  there  from  July  llth 
to  July  18th,  where  he  attended  the  sick,  buried  four  men  who 
died  from  yellow  fever,  superintended  the  digging  of  pits  for  the 
burial  of  the  dead  and  exercised  supervision  as  senior  officer  over 
twelve  convalescent  wounded  men  of  our  regiment  and  a  detail 
of  two  men  who  had  been  left  at  Siboney  June  27th  to  guard 
large  amounts  of  regimental  property.  There  were  also  there  at 
this  time  several  from  the  regiment  who  were  recuperating  from 
.swamp  fever.  Swamp  or  calentura  fever  began  now  to  de 
velop  among  the  troops  at  the  front.  Apprehension  was  great, 
now  that  the  dangers  of  battle  had  subsided,  we  should  lose  more 
by  disease  than  we  had  already  lost  by  bullets,  an  apprehension, 
alas,  that  proved  reasonably  fateful. 

The  terms  of  the  surrender  of  the  Province  of  Santiago  hav 
ing  been  decided  upon,  some  twenty-four  thousand  soldiers  hav 
ing  laid  down  their  arms,  it  became  necessary  to  transport  these 
troops  to  Spain.  To  do  this  in  their  own  vessels,  according  to 
terms  of  contract,  took  considerable  time.  Meanwhile  the  Fifth 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  269 

Ariny  Corps  remained  on  the  hills  three  miles  from  Santiago, 
fever  daily  afflicting  more  and  more  of  the  troops,  who  were  very 
insufficiently  sheltered  from  tropical  heat  and  daily  storms, 
removed  one  and  one-half  miles  from  running  water,  with  food 
of  the  simplest  character,  barely  sufficient  for  the  well,  and  wholly 
inadequate  to  the  needs  of  the  sick.  Up  to  the  18th  of  July  there 
were  not  three  wall  tents  in  the  entire  camp,  the  Surgeons  them 
selves  slept  under  shelter  tents  and  no  provision  whatever  could 
be  made  for  a  hospital.  Like  benison  from  heaven  there  arrived 
in  our  camp  on  the  18th  of  July  Mr.  Charles  F.  Barrett  and  his 
assistant,  Mr.  Charles  A.  Brittain,  representing  the  Army  Com 
mission  of  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  They  had  come  that  day  from  Bai- 
quiri,  having  sailed  from  Tampa  with  a  light  artillery  command 
on  the  4th.  Never  were  strangers  more  welcome.  Subsequent 
events  attested  their  worth  and  proved  that  they  were  devout 
Christian  friends.  They  reported  from,  the  headquarters  of  the 
Army  Commission  that  they  had  received  orders  to  report  to  the 
Chaplain  of  the  Seventy-first  and  to  do  all  in  their  power  to  sup 
ply  the  needs  of  that  regiment.  Inasmuch  as  it  had  been  impos 
sible  for  us  to  transport  the  tent  kindly  given  us  by  this  Army 
Commission,  which  we  received  at  Tampa,  but  were  obliged  to 
leave  on  the  vessel  at  Siboney,  the  two  tents  these-  brothers 
brought  proved  veritable  Godsends.  The  smaller  one,  at  the  re 
quest  of  our  Colonel,  was  immediately  given  for  a  hospital  for  the 
regiment,  while  in  the  other  one,  a  good-sized  square  tent,  ser 
vices  were  held,  officers  assembled  during  the  day,  using  it  as  a 
social  hall,  and  any  officer  who  was  sick  was  allowed  to  remain 
here  till  he  recovered.  There  was  no  time  when  there  were  not 
seven  officers  of  the  regiment  living  and  sleeping  in  this  tent 
by  the  courtesy  of  two  men  who  had  the  rigkt  to  claim  it  for  their 


270  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

own  personal  use.  The  Chaplain  makes  a  special  acknowledg 
ment  of  the  kindness  of  these  men,  without  which  he  would  have 
had  no  shelter  whatever  during  the  most  trying  period  of  the 
Cuban  campaign.  Never  for  any  home  he  ever  possessed  was 
he  so  grateful  as  for  the  privilege  here  accorded  of  swinging  his 
hammock  between  the  main  poles  of  this  generous  Y.  M.  C.  A. 
tent.  By  this  time  one's  wardrobe  had  become  depleted.  A 
haversack  could  hold  all  belongings  and  not  be  full.  This,  with 
the  hammock,  constituted  the  Chaplain's  outfit.  Not  only  was 
he  given  a  roof  over  his  head,  but  he  was  also  the  recipient  of 
some  useful  articles  of  underclothing  and  a  good-sized  box,  to 
which  was  subsequently  attached  hinges  and  hasp,  and  which,  for 
three  weeks,  served  admirably  for  trunk,  desk,  couch  and  chair. 
In  this  were  also  placed  some  cigarettes  and  cigars,  kindly  sent 
by  Mr.  Fonseca,  of  New  York,  which  ministered  much  to  actual 
necessity,  and  enabled  many  in  the  regiment  to  be  made  very 
happy  when  they  thought  such  luxuries  were  miles  away.  It  is 
a  fact,  though,  perhaps,  not  creditable,  that  to  enjoy  those 
things  yourself  and  have  your  friends  enjoy  them,  the  hasp  had 
to  be  locked  after  each  distribution.  Note  paper  and  envelopes 
were  freely  distributed,  not  only  to  those  of  the  Seventy-first, 
but  to  all  adjacent  commands.  In  the  three  vreeks  that  this 
Commission  did  its  work  in  Cuba  there  were  distributed  over 
20,000  sheets  of  paper  and  10,000  envelopes  —  why  more  people 
at  home  did  not  receive  letters  is  a  wonder.  On  the  19th  the 
Chaplain,  accompanied  by  Messrs.  Barrett  and  Brittain,  the 
horses'  backs  being  too  sore  to  ride  them,  started  on  foot  for 
Santiago  to  procure  needed  provisions  and  medicines  for  the  sick 
and  also  to  provide  something  for  the  officer^  mess.  Up  to  this 
time  it  must  be  stated  that,  due  to  insufficient  lighterage  facili- 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  271 

ties  at  Siboney,  inadequate  transportation  and  most  wretched 
roads,  especially  five  miles  out  from  Siboney,  where,  due  to 
swampy  soil  and  narrow  gulches,  it  baffled  the  Engineer  Corps 
either  to  make  or  keep  the  roads  in  proper  condition  for  traffic, 
medicines  for  the  sick  were  most  scant,  and  anything  but  hard 
tack,  bacon  and  coffee  was  wanting  in  all  our  camps. 

This  walk  to  Santiago  was  dreadfully  muddy  half  the  way 
until  we  came  upon  the  Queen's  Road,  and  it  was  intolerably 
hot  all  the  way  into  the  city ;  never  did  it  seem  to  me  was  a  walk 
more  hot  or  fatiguing.  From  10  until  3  daily  the  effect  of  the 
sun  upon  your  head  is  like  that  of  a  Spanish-fly  blister.  All 
along  the  Queen's  Road  for  a  distance  of  two  miles  were  pil 
grims,  pauper-stricken  and  starving  Cubans  journeying  toward 
Santiago.  As  we  entered  the  city  and  passed  by  the  great  Mili 
tary  Hospital  flanking  its  eastern  end  we  saw  what  strong  en 
trenchments  and  fortifications  had  been  built  by  the  Spaniards. 

In  front  of  trenches  five  feet  deep,  stretching  all  around  this 
end  of  the  city,  there  were  huge  wine  casks  filled  with  rocks,  and 
fully  twenty  feet  in  front  of  these  were  spiral  nets  of  barbed 
wire  fence.  Back  of  the  ditches  at  intervals  of  twenty  feet  were 
mounted  cannon  and  dynamite  guns.  Happily  for  us  the  sur 
render  on  the  14th  of  July  made  an  attack  upon  such  outworks 
as  these  unnecessary. 

For  some  distance  along  the  outskirts  of  the  city  we  found 
company  after  company  of  Spanish  soldiers,  evidently  receiving 
from  large  pots  set  in  the  middle  of  the  road  each  his  portion 
of  the  morning's  mess.  This  was  the  first  visible  evidence,  though 
by  no  means  the  last,  that  we  were  treating  our  enemies  better 
than  we  were  treating  ourselves. 


272  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

In  this  "  Andalusian  "  quarter,  a  sort  of  suburban  entrance 
to  the  city  itself,  where  Spanish  soldiers  were  housed  on  both 
sides  of  the  street  for  at  least  a  mile,  everything  was  unclean 
and  untidy.  The  streets  of  the  city  itself  had  evidently  been 
recently  swept,  but  evidences  of  filth  abounded  everywhere. 
The  city  itself  is  built  on  a  side  hill  sloping  towards 
the  sea,  surrounded  on  three  sides  by  most  beautifully  ter 
raced  hills  graduating  in  the  distance  into  mountains  and 
terminating  on  its  western  front  in  an  attractive  plaza 
and  wide  promenade,  extending  for  three  miles  in  view  of 
the  magnificent  seemingly  land-locked  harbor.  Had  any  atten 
tion  been  paid  to  sanitary  arrangements,  Santiago  de  Cuba  would 
be  one  of  the  cleanest  cities  in  the  world.  We  went  right  through 
the  principal  street,  "  Euramadas,"  a  narrow,  poorly  paved  lane, 
with  sidewalks  on  each  side,  not  two  feet  wide,  flush  with  the 
inner  edge  of  which  rose  the  stuccoed  facades  of  continuous 
buildings,  the  lowest  windows  of  which  were  uniformly  barred 
and  projected  a  feAV  inches  from  the  front  forming  a  bay. 
"  Eu  ram  a  da  s ''  street  terminated  in  the  plaza  almost  directly  in 
front  of  the  principal  wharf.  Reaching  the  wharf  we  found  we 
had  walked  a  good  six  miles,  three  of  which  had  been  in  the  city 
over  the  roughest  kind  of  pavement,  and  along  sidewalks  in 
wretched  condition.  All  along  the  way  Spanish  officers  and 
soldiers  were  most  courteous,  saluting  us  constantly  and  giving 
other  evidences  of  their  good  will.  We  went  into  a  store-house 
near  the  wharf,  where  we  were  cordially  received  by  Spanish 
merchants,  who  gave  us  at  once  a  glass  of  deliciously  cool  claret, 
for  which  we  were  most  grateful.  Here  Ave  learned  that  General 
Shafter  had  forbidden  the  sale  of  liquors  for  three  days,  some 
of  our  soldiers  having  gotten  drunk  and  acted  disgracefully  on 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  273 

the  occasion  of  their  entrance.  The  Provost  Guard  was  busy 
about  the  streets  looking  up  these  delinquents.  One  of  our  sol 
diers  was  mean  enough  to  pass  a  worthless  one  hundred  dollar 
($100)  Confederate  note  upon  a  poor  starving  merchant.  Acts 
of  debauch  and  depredation  were  committed  by  some  of  the  sol 
diers,  much  to  their  discredit,  and  resulting  in  a  needless  depriva 
tion  of  pleasure  and  profit  to  many  others.  A  general  order  was 
issued  on  the  19th  forbidding  enlisted  men  to  enter  the  city,  and 
allowing  only  such  officers  to  do  so  who  had  passes  from  Division 
Headquarters.  It  was  delightful  to  see  at  the  wharf,  ships  we 
had  been  accustomed  to  see  at  Siboney.  At  one  side  was  the 
Red  Cross  steamer,  the  "  State  of  Texas,"  the  first  to  enter  the 
harbor  after  the  surrender,  and  on  the  other  side  the  transport 
"  Concho,"  both  discharging  their  cargoes.  Several  other  trans 
ports,  with  their  big  numbers  on  their  sides,  lay  further  out  in 
the  harbor.  Crowds  of  starving  people  surged  about  the  wharf 
waiting  to  be  fed.  Thousands  of  indolent  vagabond  Cubans,  and 
less,  but  far  more  respectable  looking  Spaniards,  made  up  the 
motley  mob  begging  for  daily  bread.  Pity  we  thought  before 
we  saw  these,  that  some  of  the  1,400  tons  of  food  sent  for  the 
Cubans  could  not  be  given  to  our  own  troops  now  encamped  be 
yond  the  trenches,  surely  as  deserving  and  perhaps  more  needy 
than  these  reconcentradoes,  or  their  recent  merciless  rulers;  but 
after  seeing  these  we  agreed  with  Miss  Barton,  who  said  she 
never  could  discriminate  between  men  suffering  for  food.  Know 
ing  the  condition  of  our  own  men,  while  agreeing  with  Miss  Bar 
ton,  the  ministering  angel  in  every  war  of  the  last  half  century, 
we  could  but  say :  "  May  the  United  States  authorities  soon  be 
able  to  provide  for  the  first  great  care  of  its  army,  and  see  that  it 
be  properly  fed.'' 

IS 


274  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

It  must  be  confessed  that  while  creditable  to  themselves,  it 
was  far  from  creditable  to  the  two  departments  of  the  Govern 
ment,  the  incompetency  of  which  made  it  necessary  on  the  first 
possible  entry  to  the  city,  for  several  commanding  officers  to  stand 
in  the  broiling  sun  on  the  dock  at  Santiago,  beseeching  the  Red 
Cross  Society  to  give  them  needed  food,  delicacies  and  medicines 
for  their  sick  soldiers.  It  was  a  great  delight  again  to  see  Miss 
Barton,  Mr.  George  Kennan,  Dr.  Egan,  Dr.  and  Mrs.  ThuFston 
and  others  of  the  Red  Cross  party.  It  was  especially  delightful 
to  talk  a  few  moments  with  Mrs.  John  Addison  Porter,  who, 
from  her  own  purse,  provided  a  liberal  supply  of  medicines  and 
food  for  the  sick  of  the  Seventy-first.  These,  augmented  by  sev 
eral  gifts  from  the  Red  Cross  Society,  with  other  supplies  pur 
chased  in  the  city  we  had  carted  to  the  camp  by  a  donkey  and  a 
little  two-wheeled  rig  called  an  "  Ulla,"  secured  for  us  by  the 

kindness  of  the  British  Consul  and  costing  us  three  dollars  and  a 

• 

half.  Had  the  Government  furnished  us  with  reasonable  trans 
portation,  this  expense,  repeated  at  least  fifteen  times,  would  not 
have  been  necessary. 

A  little  thought  will  convince  one  that  unpaid  officers  needed 
to  be  fairly  well  suplied  with  funds  to  provide  for  themselves 
uniforms,  horses,  wages  of  servants,  their  mess  at  all  times,  and 
in  addition  such  medicines  and  delicacies  as  they  could  not  beg, 
and  then  pay  for  their  necessary  transportation.  All  this  is  not 
said  by  way  of  criticism,  but  as  a  plain  statement  of  actual  facts 
made  in  the  hope  that  out  of  past  miserable  blunders  and  mis 
takes  success  in  the  future  may  be  organized. 

A  canteen  of  ice  water  let  down  from  the  side  of  "  State  of 
Texas  "  was  a  veritable  Godsend,  not  one  drop  of  ice  water  hav 
ing  been  tasted  for  a  month.  A  liberal  supply  of  cigars  and 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  275 

cigarettes  was  purchased  at  the  suggestion  of  several  and  after 
wards  sold  at  cost  in  the  camp.  That  it  was  quickly  disposed  of 
shows  how  great  was  the  need  of  this  comfort.  Tobacco  has  its 
uses. 

The  walk  back  behind  the  donkey  cart  was  so  hot  and  fatiguing 
that  prickly  heat  resulted,  to  recover  from  the  effects  of  which 
two  days'  quiet  and  rest  were  necessary.  The  "  Ulla "  of  the 
Spanish  driver  and  the  frantic  efforts  of  the  poor  little  donkey 
to  get  his  load  over  the  dreadful  roads  would  have  been  amusing, 
were  it  not  so  distressing.  These  two  days  of  quiet  and  rest 
were  spent  chiefly  in  visiting  the  sick  in  the  camp,  writing  letters 
to  their  relatives  and  friends  and  distributing  such  delicacies 
as  tea  and  guava  jelly  in  small  quantities  among  the  invalids. 
Articles  like  malted  milk,  beef  bouillon,  yellow  meal,  dried 
peaches,  etc.,  etc.,  were,  by  Colonel's  orders,  given  to  the  Sur 
geon  for  distribution  among  the  sick.  For  several  days  now  the 
story  continued,  differing  nothing  daily,  except  that  each  day  it 
grew  worse.  Where  there  had  been  universal  satisfaction  and 
contentment,  now  there  were  murm firings  and  homesickness 
among  all.  As  long  as  there  seemed  any  reason  for  remaining 
in  Cuba,  any  fighting  to  do,  or  work  to  be  done,  no  one  thought 
of  leaving,  or  was  there  any  grumbling  of  any  account,  no  mat 
ter  how  short  the  rations,  how  wet  the  trenches,  or  how  severe 
the  other  hardships;  but  here  time  hung  heavily,  fever  was  in 
creasing  daily  more  at  the  sick  call.  A  pall  came  over  the  entire 
camp,  the  entire  community  of  camps,  we  may  say.  Volley  firing 
and  taps  were  heard  all  too  frequently  among  our  neighbors, 
until  finally  orders  were  received  not  to  fire  the  customary  salutes 
at  the  graves.  At  least  one  dozen  died  around  us  before  death 
visited  us.  Our  record  on  the  23rd,  here  copied,  reads  briefly 


276  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

thus :  "  Fever  increasing,  insufficient  tentage,  meagre  food,  clothes 
tattered,  several  hatless,  many  bare-footed,  at  least  a  score  with 
trousers  so  rent  and  hanging  upon  their  legs  that  it  is  well  only 
men  are  here.  Major  Bell,  Chief  Surgeon,  sick,  with  tempera 
ture  106  degrees;  Dr.  Stafford,  Assistant  Surgeon,  weak  from 
overwork,  and  working  all  the  time.  Colonel,  Lieutenant-Colonel 
and  one  Major  down  with  the  fever.  Everybody  wanting  to  go 
home.  Nobody  knowing  when  he  can,  *  things  are  growing 
blue.? " 

On  the  24th  we  helcl  Divine  service  at  10  a.  m.  and  again  at 
7  p.  m.  Conditions  made  the  service  most  reverent  and  earnest. 
Our  men  did  not  lack  courage,  there  was  not  one  less  than  brave, 
but  everybody  felt  depressed.  The  few  who  were  well  had  so 
much  work  to  do  in  the  way  of  camp  duty  that  attendance  was 
necessarily  small.  Every  drop  of  water  for  drinking,  cooking 
and  bathing  had  to  be  brought  in  canteens  from  a  stream  a  mile 
and  a  half  distant.  On  the  25th  of  July  the  Commissary  Depart 
ment  began  to  show  signs  of  improvement,  and  from  this  time 
on,  though  nobody  lived  in  luxury,  those  who  were  well  had  no 
reason  to  compiain  of  their  food.  How  many  were  then  sick 
or  afterwards  became  seriously  sick  from  depletion,  which  an  in 
creased  food  supply  at  this  late  day  could  not  overcome,  we  shall 
never  know.  During  these  most  trying  days,  when  men  were 
dying  all  about  us,  and  our  own  were  seriously  ill,  it  was  at  least 
an  occasion  for  thanksgiving  that  though  the  dreadful  fever  called 
"calentura,"  Dangui,  Cuban,  or  yellow  fever — doctors  did  not  seem 
to  know  what  it  was  and  disagreed  so  among  themselves  that  lay 
men  had  free  field  for  guesswork  —  however  distressing,  it  had 
in  our  regiment  as  yet  in  no  case  proved  fatal.  On  the  24th 
Colonel  Downs  went  into  Samtiago,  and  by  strenuous  efforts  se- 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  277 

cured  from  our  ship,  the  "  Vigilancia,"  lying  well  out  in  the 
harbor,  some  thirty  tents.  Orders  were  given  for  these  to  be  used 
by  the  sick.  In  a  few  instances  these  were  made  use  of  by  offi 
cers.  Those  who  criticised  this  seeming  selfishness  had  the  satis 
faction  of  seeing  these  officers  sick  in  a  very  short  time  and  the 
original  purpose  of  the  tents  practically  fulfilled.  The  tempera 
ture  each  day  was  intense;  walking  in  the  sun  from  10  a.  in. 
to  3  p.  m.  was  both  painful  and  unsafe.  The  thermometer  ranged 
from  110  to  123  degrees  daily. 

The  sight  at  early  sick  call  of  men  dragging  themselves  to  the 
Surgeon's  headquarters  was  distressing,  many,  most  indeed,  of 
the  sick  were  entirely  unable  to  leave  their  quarters.  The  whole 
atmosphere  was  depressing.  Nobody  was  well.  Half  were  seri 
ously  ill.  All  were  homesick.  Rumors  were  numerous  and  of  all 
kinds.  It  was  necessary  to  buoy  up  the  men  with  the  hope  that 
soon  we  would  leave  and  go  to  the  States.  All  wished  that  they 
might  go  home  and  longed  to  hear  that  peace  was  declared  and 
the  end  at  hand.  The  Chaplain  going  daily  to  the  Hospital  and 
frequently  making  the  rounds  of  the  sick  tents  in  the  company 
quarters,  witnessing  the  suffering  and  seeing  the  regiment  con 
verted  from  a  body  of  athletes  into  a  command  of  hospital 
patients,  some  without  shelter,  many  without  blankets  or  pon 
chos,  all  with  clothing  torn  and  underclothing  dirty,  many  with 
but  one  suit  of  such  in  their  possession,  none  sumptuously  fed, 
and  many  poorly  fed,  felt  like  crying :  e<  Usque  ad  Domine." 

On  the  25th  mails  began  to  arrive  with  more  or  less  frequency 
and  to  leave  with  some  regularity  for  New  York.  This  cheered 
the  men  very  much,  indeed,  though  it  was  discouraging  for  us  to 
receive  letters  from  home  dated  as  late  as  July  10th,  saying  that 
our  friends  had  heard  nothing  from  us  since  we  left  Tampa. 


278  ANNUAL  KEPORT  OF  THE 

There  seems  to  be  difficulty  in  getting  relief  intended  for  us. 
We  hear  constantly  of  boxes  being  sent  to  us  from  the  States, 
of  large  amounts  of  money  having  been  v  contributed  to  the  Relief 
Society  of  the  Seventy-first  in  New  York.  Boxes  have  not  reached 
us  at  the  time  of  writing,  but  one  hundred  dollars  ($100)  has 
been  received  by  Colonel  Downs  from  the  Seventy-first  Regiment 
Relief  Society,  and  small  amounts  from  the  personal  friends  of 
officers,  all  of  wThich  has  been  used  directly  for  the  sick.  It  is 
currently  reported  that  the  Seventy-first  Relief  Society  con 
tributes  through  the  agency  of  the  Red  Cross  Society.  Also  that 
the  Red  Cross  Society  has  declined  to  receive  money  specifically 
for  the  relief  of  any  particular  regiment.  This  being  so,  we  re 
ceive  the  filtration  of  a  general  charity  from  the  Red  Cross 
Society,  which  amounts  to  very  little,  so  little  that  thus  far,  not 
withstanding  urgent  efforts,  what  we  have  received  in  provisions 
and  medicines  has  been  out  of  all  reasonable  proportion  to  what 
we  know  has  been  contributed  in  moneys  by  our  friends  at  home 
for  our  immediate  relief.  Blame  is  .attached  to  nobody,  to  no 
society,  but  these  facts  ought  to  have  a  satisfactory  explanation. 

Requisition  was  made  for  kahki  suits  for  the  regiment  by 
Quartermaster  Stephens,  at  the  suggestion  of  the  Brigade  Com 
mander,  on  the  25th  of  July.  We  were  waiting  a  week  later  with 
some  interest  to  see  when  we  would  get  them.  Meantime  hatless 
men  were  buying  hats  in  Santiago,  a  gross  injustice.  The  Govern 
ment  ought  to  supply  these  and  at  once. 

On  the  2()th  the  joyful  news  officially  came  to  us  that  Spain 
had  sued  for  peace.  On  receiving  the  official  notification  the 
Colonel  shouted  "  Attention  v  to  the  Second  Battalion,  encamped 
directly  before  him,  and  gave  the  news.  As  showing  the  depleted 
condition  of  the  men  it  was  significant  that  a  weak  hurrah  was 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  279 

heard.  It  was  to  me  singularly  surprising  that  the  news  of  what 
is  practically  the  reaching  of  the  goal  of  all  our  endeavors  and 
sacrifices  from  the  very  beginning  of  this  enterprise  met  with 
such  slight  expression  of  enthusiasm.  It  is  all  to  be  explained 
by  the  weakened  and  sad  condition  of  our  troops.  We  are  at  this 
time,  July  20th,  practically  a  regiment  of  convalescents,  and  most 
of  us  scarcely  convalescent  even.  The  Government  ought  to  get 
us  out  of  these  miasmic  regions,  and  get  us  out  soon,  or  we  shall 
lose  many  more  from  fever  than  we  have  lost  by  bullets. 

It  is  hard  to  make  bricks  without  straw.  The  Government 
supplies  no  transportation  for  our  regiment,  which  practically 
makes  the  whole  Quartermaster  Department  a  nullity.  It  ought 
to  be  said  that  Quartermaster  Stephens,  when  he  had  the  facili 
ties  for  his  work,  did  his  work  well.  This  is  sufficient  answer 
to  critics,  who  can  always  talk  and  scold,  and  will  be  so  unrea 
sonable  that  they  expect  a  man  to  perform  miracles.  All  officers 
did  their  best  under  most  trying  circumstances  of  serious  illness 
and  depleted  strength.  Some  were  physically  better  to  do  their 
work  than  others.  It  is  the  peculiarity  of  some  to  think  thaT 
their  work  is  the  most  important  of  all  work  done.  Such  will 
always  magnify  their  own  work  and  minify  others'  work.  They 
will  think  that  sick  men  ought  to  do  the  work  of  well  ones,  and 
these  when  they  are  sick  will  whine  like  babies  and  want  more 
attention  that  King  Charles'  spaniels. 

Experiences  such  as  these  we  are  going  through  develop  char 
acters  and  test  characters.  We  observe  much  that  will  never  be 
written,  and  find  in  the  little  amenites,  or  want  of  them,  both 
at  mess  and  in  quarters,  sufficient  to  write  a  volume.  The  un 
written  history  of  this  dismal  experience  would,  if  ever  revealed, 
be  startling. 


280  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

It  is  gratifying  under  these  circumstances  and  conditions  that 
try  men's  souls  to  see  that  most  of  the  officers  are  considerate 
of  one  another's  feelings,  and  that  those  who  are  ever  "seeking 
their  own  "  are  rightly  estimated  at  their  true  value.  Added  to 
other  difficulties  at  this  trying  time  was  the  serious  illness  for 
several  days  of  our  hostlers  and  several  other  servants  whose 
worth  was  appreciated  the  more  as  they  were  missed  from  ser 
vice.  Nobody  could  be  more  faithful  to  duty  than  George,  one 
of  the  officers'  servant,  and  Louis,  the  excellent  chef,  when  there 
was  anything  for  the  chef  to  cook.  For  days  our  horses  wan 
dered  about  with  none  to  look  after  or  care  for  them.  For  days 
no  oats  were  provided  for  them,  and  there  was  nothing  for  them 
to  eat  but  grass,  and  none  to  lead  them  to  water.  Due  more  to 
good  luck  than  good  management  they  took  care  of  themselves, 
and  to  the  credit  of  their  owners  they  returned  each  morning  to 
their  quarters.  Poor  brutes !  How  useful  they  have  been !  What 
would  the  regiment  have  done  without  them?  They  have  carried 
everything  from  canteens  to  ammunition,  served  as  pack  mules 
on  every  possible  occasion  and  supplied  the  lack  of  Government 
service  for  transportation.  All  this  not  without  severe  galling 
and  a  thinness  of  body  pitiable  to  behold. 

On  the  20th  the  Chaplain  went  into  Santiago  and  secured  from 
the  Red  Cross  Society  some  condensed  milk,  malted  milk  and 
rice  for  the  sick.  Returning  in  the  evening  he  learned  that 
through  the  day  there  had  died  Sergeant  William  D.  S.  Young, 
of  Company  E,  and  Private  Gus  Grahn,  of  Company  L,  from 
exhaustion,  due  to  a  severe  attack  of  mountain  fever.  They 
were  buried  at  sundown  just  west  of  the  entrenchments  and  in 
front  of  their  company  streets,  a  volley  being  fired  three  times 
and  taps  sounded  after  the  Chaplain  had  finished  the  brief  ser- 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  281 

vice  of  committal.  The  singing  of  one  verse  of  the  familiar 
hymns  "  Jesus,  Lover  of  My  Soul "  and  "  Nearer,  My  God,  to 
Thee "  was  particularly  impressive  and  solemn.  It  was  also 
reported  at  this  time  that  Private  Williams,  of  Company  L,  had 
died  at  the  Yellow  Fever  Hospital;  this  report  comes  from  one 
of  our  men,  a  victim  of  yellow  fever,  now  happily  recovered  and 
returned  to  the  regiment. 

Among  other  senseless  stories  told  by  the  careless  press  at 
home  come  to-day  a  picture  published  in  the  World  in  which, 
among  the  victims  of  the  El  Caney  battle,  the  Chaplain  of  the 
regiment  figures  conspicuously  in  the  center.  Nobody  in  the  regi 
ment  feels  really  well  at  this  time,  but  the  Chaplain  is  furthest 
removed  from  the  condition  of  a  corpse. 

Invitation  came  this  morning  for  the  Chaplain  to  officiate  at 
the  funeral  of  a  private  of  the  Seventh  Regiment,  but  yellow  fever 
having  broken  out  in  that  command  Colonel  Downs  considered 
it  unwise  for  any  risk  to  be  taken  that  would  be  likely  to  add  any 
thing  to  present  misery. 

Sunday,  July  21,  held  Divine  service  and  preached  at  8.30; 
good  attendance,  eighty  (80),  and  then  service  at  6.30,  conducted 
by  Mr.  Barrett,  an  evangelist  of  Moody  Institute,  in  charge  of 
Army  Commission  work  in  Cuba.  Service  of  song  attended  by 
about  one  hundred  and  fifty  (150)  men.  Many  men  sick  and  well 
ones  tired  doing  so  much  detail  and  necessary  work. 

WTe  are  glad  at  last  to  be  able  to  get  the  tent  presented  to  the 
regiment  by  our  friends  in  New  York  from  the  ship  "  Vigilancia  " 
and  brought  out  to  the  camp.  It  will  prove  very  valuable  for  our 
convalescent  and  our  well  enlisted  men. 

Large  numbers  continue  to  be  affected  by  fever.  Sick  re 
ports  show  a  daily  increase.  It  is  reported  that  pay  officers  are 


282  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

on  the  way  here  to  pay  the  men  for  two  months'  service.  The 
men  will  be  glad  to  see  them. 

Colonel  Homer  sent  to  the  regiment  a  gift  of  five  gross  of 
pipes  from  moneys  collected  by  the  Merchants'  Central  Club, 
and  General  McAlpin  and  Messrs.  Bernheimer  sent  five  hundred 
(500)  pounds  of  tobacco,  all  of  which  was  equally  distributed 
among  the  men  and  made  them  very  happy. 

Colonel  Downs.  Senior  Colonel,  is  now  in  command  of  the 
First  Brigade  —  Sixth  and  Sixteenth  Regulars  and  Seventy-first 
New  York  Infantry  —  and  Lieutenant-Colonel  Smith  is  in  com 
mand  of  the  regiment. 

We  hear  by  mails  arriving  now  pretty  regularly  from  the 
United  States  of  packages  and  bundles  coming  to  us  by  express 
or  mail  and  are  anxiously  waiting  for  them  to  arrive.  It  is 
worthy  of  mention  that  at  this  time  of  serious  need  and  trouble 
the  activity  of  Mr.  Barrett  in  going  almost  daily  to  Santiago  and 
shopping  for  the  men,  doing  various  commissions  for  them,  and 
providing  liberally  of  iced  lemonade,  water,  limes  and  ice,  which 
he  had  to  bring  out  from  the  city,  freely  dispensing  note  paper 
and  envelopes,  giving  his  tent  for  well  officers  during  the  day  and 
sick  ones  at  night,  all  the  kindly  ministrations  that  we  receive 
coming  from  the  love  of  Christ  constraining  —  now  is  the  time 
to  put  unbelief  and  fanciful  theories  of  life  to  the  test. 

At  this  moment  Christianity  is  the  power  back  of  every  tender 
ministration  in  this  camp. 

The  large  tent  given  us  by  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  friends  in  New  York 
was  brought  out  and  erected  for  the  use  of  enlisted  men.  Colonel 
Smith,  Sergeant  Beatty  and  Private  Kabing  and  others  use  it  for 
sleeping  quarters.  It  is  thus  at  last  doing  much  good.  The 


STATE  <HISTORIAN.  283 

regiment  had  thus  far  not  been  able  to  get  hold  of  the  tent,  and 
have  not  been  hitherto  in  one  place  long  enough  to  justify  putting 
it  up.  We  appreciate  very  much  the  kindness  of  our  friends  in 
giving  us  this  tent  and  regret  that  hitherto  we  could  not  at  any 
time  make  use  of  it.  At  the  present  time  there  are  in  our  camp 
this  large  tent  for  general  use  of  ejilisted  men,  another  large 
tent,  headquarters  of  Army  Commission  of  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  where 
officers  may  assemble  during  the  day,  and  in  which  several  sleep 
at  night;  another  walled  tent  of  good  size  brought  by  Mr.  Bar 
rett  and  Mr.  Brittain,  and  generously  turned  over  by  them  for  a 
hospital  at  a  time  when  we  had  not  a  tent  other  than  little 
shelter  ones,  except  one  that  was  used  by  the  Colonel  and  Lieu 
tenant-Colonel  for  their  headquarters. 

On  Tuesday,  August  2nd,  Private  William  Cheevers,  of  Com 
pany  F,  was  buried  at  1.20  just  beyond  the  entrenchments  by  the 
side  of  Sergeant  Young's  grave.  Sad  as  it  is  to  lose  any  of  our 
men,  it  is  an  occasion  for  gratitude  that  with  such  distressing 
fever  and  serious  illness  as  we  have  had  but  four  of  our  men  have 
died.  Iii  every  instance  of  death  in  our  regiment  the  Chaplain 
notified  the  parents  in  New  York  of  their  son's  death  and  ex 
pressed  suitable  sympathy  on  behalf  of  the  regiment  for  those  in 
affliction.  Sadder  even  than  the  loss  of  a  son  in  battle  is  that 
death  by  illness  after  the  battle. 

On  the  afternoon  of  the  2nd  of  August  we  heard  officially  that 
Spain  had  agreed  to  all  the  terms  of  peace  imposed  by  the  United 
States  and  that  a  formal  declaration  of  peace  had  been  made,  and 
war  ended.  There  were  many  doubters  among  us,  and  at  first 
such  misgivings  interfered  with  the  exultation  one  might  expect 
from  such  an  announcement.  Graduallv,  however,  the  men  came 


284  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

to  believe  the  truth  of  the  message,  and  an  improvement  in  the 
tone  and  temper  of  the  regiment  at  once  ensued.  Rumor  has  it 
that  General  Sternberg,  Senior  Surgeon  of  the  United  States 
Army,  has  arrived  at  Santiago  and  has  ordered  the  whole  corps 
to  leave  this  week.  God  grant  it  may  prove  true.  Half  of  the 
regiment  is  sick  and  all  are  homesick.  Our  men  look  years  older. 
They  walk  with  measured  gait  and  a  lingering  tread.  They  feel 
the  injustice  of  keeping  them  here  in  rain  and  mud,  half  covered, 
miserably  clothed  and  wretchedly  uncomfortable.  Some  kahki 
coats  came  a  week  ago,  the  trousers  are  in  Santiago.  Many  men 
are  wearing  trousers  so  torn  that  it  would  not  be  decent  for  a 
woman  to  visit  the  camp.  Yet  the  Quartermaster  sits  here  day 
after  day  doing  absolutely  nothing,  all  because  the  United  States 
Government  does  not  supply-  wagons  and  mules.  He  is  incapable 
of  bringing  the  clothes  to  us.  Why  the  regiment  does  not  have 
conveyances  as  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  does  and  bring  out  needed  things, 
men  naturally  ask,  and  keep  asking,  arid  nobody  gives  a  satisfac 
tory  answer.  The  regiment  that  looks  out  for  itself,  at  its  own 
expense,  fares  fairly  well  and  others  do  not. 

The  Chaplain  visits  the  General  Hospital  tents  twice  daily, 
and  the  seriously  ill  ones  more  frequently,  and  three  times  a  week 
goes  the  entire  length  of  the  entrenchments  visiting  the  sick  in 
walled  tents,  which  have  now  been  erected  in  every  street.  One 
at  home  can  never  know  the  slippery,  slimy  condition  of  the  land 
about  here  and  how  difficult  it  is  to  move  from  place  to  place. 
There  is  everything  here  to  make  life  miserable.  Whatever  a 
good  Lord  intends  to  work  out  of  this  wretched  experience,  we 
trust  devotedly  and  pray  earnestly  that  it  may  speedily  be 
wrought,  then  what  is  left  of  us  be  quickly  delivered  from  it  all. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  286 

General  Ludlow  said  a  day  or  two  since  that,  speaking  as  a 
military  student,  never  have  troops  in  any  campaign  been  called 
upon  to  work  harder,  fight  under  more  disadvantageous  condi 
tions  and  endure  more  strain,  sickness,  hardship  and  fatigue  than 
ours  in  this  since  they  landed  in  Cuba.  If  this  be  so,  we  may 
safely  say  never  has  any  National  Guard  regiment  been  called 
upon  to  endure  a  three  months'  struggle  like  this  the  Seventy- 
first  has  had  from  the  day  it  entered  Camp  Black.  The  more  we 
think  of  it  the  more  positive  we  are  that  in  every  work  it  has 
been  called  upon  to  do  the  Seventy-first  has  acquitted  itself  most 
creditably  and  earned  its  title  of  gallant  and  ~bmve.  Never  was 
it  more  brave  or  gallant  than  now,  facing  fever  and  waiting, 
waiting,  waiting  to  go  home. 

Among  other  and  many  acts  of  kindness  shown  us  and  neighbor 
ing  regiments,  especially  us,  may  be  mentioned  the  bringing  to 
us  in  two  donkey  carts  hired  for  the  purpose  from  Santiago  two 
large  casks  of  water,  in  which  were  placed  two  large  pieces  of 
artificial  ice  and  limes  and  sugar  enough  to  give  a  generous 
quantity  of  excellent  lemonade  to  all  the  boys.  It  was  really 
pathetic  to  see  the  well  ones  line  up  with  cups  in  hand  and 
messengers  with  extra  cups  of  the  sick  to  take  them  some  of  the 
coveted  beverage.  Men  of  the  Sixth  and  Sixteenth  who  are 
brigaded  with  us  and  encamped  at  our  right  further  along  the 
entrenchments  came  over  and  tried  to  get  a  little  for  their 
parched  throats.  We  did  all  we  could  to  supply  them,  also 
remembering  the  Sixteenth  on  the  following  morning,  when  addi 
tional  gifts  of  tobacco  and  parcels  came  from  the  Relief  Society 
and  the  Seventy-first  Aid  Society  of  the  Bronx  Borough,  which 
were  then  dulv  distributed. 


286  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

The  welcome  news  that  we  were  soon  to  get  out  of  this  dread 
fully  malarial  place  came  on  the  morning  of  the  4th  of  August, 
when  upon  the  proclamation  by  the  Colonel  that  General  Shafter 
had  been  directed  by  authorities  at  Washington  to  remove  all 
the  troops  to  the  United  States  as  soon  as  transportation  could 
be  provided,  was  received  by  a  cheer  and  the  singing  of  the  long 
metre  Doxology  by  the  men  then  assembled  in  front  of  the 
Y.  M.  C.  A.  tent.  This  tent  is  used  by  the  officers  and  the  other 
tent,  exclusively  the  property  of  the  regiment,  is  used  now  very 
generally  by  the  enlisted  men. 

Rations  arc?  now  beginning  to  be  very  good,  fresh  and  ex 
cellent  beef  and  bread  proving  very  acceptable.  Less  at  sick  call. 
Things  are  beginning  to  look  up  for  us,  though  many  still  are 
sick,  very  sick,  with  fever,  and  most  of  our  men  who  are  sick 
lie  on  ponchos  on  the  ground,  and  are  wet  whenever  it  rains, 
which,  with  rarest  exception,  is  once  daily  and  frequently  twice. 

If  friends  at  home  could  only  see  the  happy  faces  of  soldiers 
when  gifts  are  received  from  home,  they  would  feel  amply  repaid 
for  all  their  interest  and  trouble  taken. 

There  never  was  any  time  when  our  hospital  tents  were  suffi 
cient  to  care  for  all  of  our  seriously  sick  men,  nor  a  time  when 
every  sick  man  in  the  Hospital  could  have  a  cot.  Most  of  the 
time  the  sick  slept  on  the  ground,  some  of  them  without  ponchos 
under  them,  and  on  several  occasions  without  even  a  blanket  to 
throw  over  a  man  perishing  with  a  prolonged  chill. 

The  Quartermaster  can  testify  that  it  was  impossible  for  a 
time,  and  too  long  a  time,  to  procure  necessary  ponchos  and 
blankets  for  sick  men.  Things  were  at  their  worst  when  our 
Surgeon,  Bell,  was  stricken  with  fever,  and  for  several  days  lay 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  287 

with  a  dangerously  high  temperature,  under  a  little  shelter  tent> 
and  miserably  cared  for,  try  as  we  might  to  do  our  very  best  to 
care  for  him. 

It  is  especially  creditable  to  Dr.  Eugene  Stafford,  who  at  this 
time  was  himself  far  from  well,  that,  contrary  to  good  judg 
ment,  he  persisted  in  ministering  all  day  and  night  to  the  needs 
of  our  sick  soldiers. 

Finally  it  became  necessary  to  request  that  our  Second  Assist 
ant  Surgeon,  Dr.  James  Stafford,  who  had  been  detailed  to  serve 
with  the  Fourth  Regular  Infantry  before  we  landed  at  Siboney, 
be  returned  to  the  Seventy-first,  where  he  belonged.  At  once  on 
returning  to  us  he  worked  assiduously  and  successfully  for  the 
good  of  our  men. 

News  of  other  regiments  leaving  for  the  north  made  us  anxious 
for  our  orders  to  move. 

Subsequently  we  learned  that  it  was  due  wholly  to  a  round- 
robin  letter,  signed  by  several  of  our  Generals,  urging  the  Gov 
ernment  to  return  the  soldiers  to  their  homes  in  the  States,  or 
rather  to  camps  in  the  States  for  necessary  recuperation,  that 
Surgeon-General  Sternberg  and  General  Alger,  Secretary  of  War, 
had  decided  to  have  us  removed  to  Montauk  Point,  Long  Island. 

We  also  learned  that  General  Sternberg  had  at  first  advised 
that  the  troops  remain  in  Cuba  until  fever  had  wholly  dis 
appeared. 

It  would  not  have  been  pleasant  for  General  Sternberg  to  visit 
the  camps  after  this  report  became  generally  known  and  believed. 

The  character  and  strong  language  of  a  telegram,  prepared 
to  be  sent  to  Senator  Platt,  of  New  York,  and  signed  by  most 
of  the  officers  of  the  Seventy-first  Regiment,  afterwards  recalled 


2SS  ANN  TAX  REPORT  or  THE 

when  news  came  that  we  were  soon  to  be  removed  to  Montauk, 
are  proofs  of  the  general  impression  at  this  time  that  longer  to 
keep  the  troops  in  Cuba  would  be  a  heartless  and  merciless 
destruction  of  valuable  lives. 

Divine  services  were  held  on  August  7th  in  the  regiment 
Y.  M.  C.  A.  tent,  the  Chaplain  administering  the  Holy  Com 
munion  at  8  o'clock  to  a  goodly  number  under  circumstances 
that  made  the  simplicity  and  ruggedness  of  the  service  peculiarly 
impressive.  All  who  stood  about  in  the  mud,  unable  really  to 
kneel,  and  received  the  Blessed  Sacrament  at  this  service  will 
recall  the  solemnity  of  which  we  speak,  but  can  never  really 
in  detail  adequately  describe.  Again  at  10  o'clock  the  Chaplain 
held  a  brief  service  and  preached  from  Ephes.  IV,  32,  to  a  good 
congregation,  though  absent  ones,  too  sick  to  attend,  were  so 
numerous  that  the  attendance  seemed  unusually  slim.  Several 
officers  and  men  of  adjoining  regiments  attended  this  service. 
Another  brief  service  of  song  was  held  in  the  early  evening. 

About  6  o'clock  p.  m.  there  passed  through  our  camp  the  Sixth 
Regiment  on  their  way  to  Santiago  and  Montauk,  the  few  men 
of  our  regiment  who  were  able  going  to  the  road  and  cheering 
them  as  they  inarched  along  the  way.  Everyone  now  was  on  the 
qui  vive  waiting  for  orders  to  leave  camp,  the  sick  especially 
distressed  and  anxious  about  the  possible  inability  to  accompany 
the  regiment  home. 

On  Monday,  August  8th,  the  long  expected  orders  came, 
happily  for  those  who  were  to  go,  disappointing  for  those  who 
had  to  remain. 

The  order  was  for  the  Second  Battalion  and  two  companies 
of  the  Third  Battalion,  B  and  L,  to  leave  camp  that  afternoon 
and  march  into  Santiago,  there  taking  transport  for  Montauk. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  289 

Major  Wood,  Division  Surgeon,  came  into  camp  about  noon, 
examined  the  sick  and  designated  about  one  hundred  and  fifty 
who  were  too  ill  to  leave  and  must  remain  to  get  well.  Their 
disappointment  was  keen,  but  most  of  them,  with  the  promise 
and  expectation  of  speedy  release,  bore  up  very  bravely. 

A  few  too  ill  to  march  by  some  means  succeeded  in  securing 
permission  to  leave  with  this  first  detachment,  and  some  of  them 
with  some  others,  who  were  supposed  to  be  well,  were  obliged  to 
go  to  hospital  in  Santiago,  being  too  ill  when  they  got  there  to 
proceed  further  on  their  journey. 

On  arriving  at  Santiago  it  was  necessary  to  detail  men  to 
unload  the  wagons,  to  put  all  needed  rations  on  board  lighters 
and  to  transport  these  again  to  the  ship  "  La  Grande  Duchesse," 
lying  in  the  harbor  a  full  mile  from  the  main  wharf. 

Company  M  was  detailed  to  this  duty.  It  was  sad  to  see 
these  men,  none  well,  some  too  sick  to  work  at  all,  all  of  them 
weak  and  wretched,  labor  until  midnight  putting  boxes  and  goods 
on  a  car,  running  this  hand-car  down  the  long  pier,  unloading 
and  carrying  to  a  lighter,  and  again  putting  these  goods,  long 
after  midnight,  aboard  the  transport. 

There  was  not  a  man  among  them  really  able  to  do  this  work. 
It  was  pitiable  to  see  them  urged  on  to  almost  impossible  and 
inhuman  tasks  by  superior  officers,  who  must  have  regretted  to 
speak  as  they  did  in  order  to  make  their  men  do  the  work  they 
required.  Due  to  defective  machinery,  want  of  coal  and  other 
necessary  equipment  the  ship  never  sailed  until  the  morning  of 
the  10th;  then  at  6  o'clock  the  ship  passed  out  of  the  harbor, 
sailing  with  a  Spanish  pilot,  passed  the  "  Merrimac  "  and  the 
"  Reina  Mercedes,"  sunk  in  the  harbor,  and  the  u  Morro,"  from 

which  flew  to  the  breeze  "  Old  Glory,"  while  our  band,  that  of 
19 


290  ANNUAL  REPORT  OP  THE 

the  Sixteenth  Regular  Infantry,  which  accompanied  us,  played 
appropriate  martial  airs,  and  we  swung  into  the  blue  Carribean. 
Nothing  of  note  occurred  until  off  Hatteras,  when  machinery 
broke  down  and  we  were  obliged  to  lay  to  for  some  fourteen 
hours  for  repairs. 

The  voyage  was  slow  and  uneventful  enough,  save  that  sick 
ness  among  the  troops  seemed  to  increase  with  each  day's  voyage, 
and  before  the  light  off  Shinnecock  was  sighted,  indicating  that 
our  voyage  was  nearing  its  end,  three  of  our  men  had  died. 

Private  Babbitt,  of  Company  M,  died  of  dysentery,  conse 
quent  upon  an  attack  of  fever  and  was  buried  at  sea  Saturday, 
the  13th  instant,  at  noon.  Chaplain  Bateman,  of  the  Sixteenth 
Regular  Infantry,  assisted  the  Chaplain  of  the  Seventy-first, 
who  read  the  church  service  for  a  burial  at  sea.  Solemn,  indeed, 
was  the  service  and  especially  the  committal,  when,  with  the 
Colonel  and  other  officers  standing  beside  the  Chaplains,  and 
soldiers  all  about,  the  board  on  which  the  body  rested  was  raised 
and  the  earthy  remains  of  a  dear  comrade  were  heard  to  strike 
the  water,  which  at  once  closed  over  their  treasure,  now  in  the 
watery  grave. 

Private  Gustav  C.  Schutz,  of  Company  L,  died  of  fever  the  fol 
lowing  day  and  was  buried  at  sea  in  a  similar  manner  on  Sunday, 
the  14th. 

Just  as  evening  came  on  there  passed  away  Private  Fred 
Engels,  of  Company  F,  whose  body,  at  the  earnest  request  of  the 
Chaplain,  was  allowed  to  remain  on  deck  until  we  landed,  when 
it  was  interred  at  Montauk,  and  subsequently  was  removed  by 
his  family  to  New  York. 

When  we  arrived  at  Fort  Pond  Bay,  within  the  hook  of  Mon 
tauk  Point,  at  4  p.  m.,  on  Tuesday,  the  15th  of  August,  we 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  291 

learned  that  both  the  other  detachments  of  our  regiment,  which 
had  sailed  after  we  did  in  two  separate  transports,  had  already 
arrived  and  had  been  transferred  to  detention  camps. 

Al]  troops  went,  upon  landing,  to  the  detention  camps,  where, 
after  a  stay  of  four  to  ten  days,  those  then  well  were  removed 
to  permanent  encampments  and  allowed  reasonable  freedom. 

Strictest  quarantine  regulations  were  imposed  upon  those 
among  whom,  upon  their  arrival,  yellow  fever  was  discovered. 

Our  Surgeons  reported  two  cases  of  death  from  yellow  fever 
during  the  voyage  and  several  suspects  aboard,  which  report 
was  confirmed  by  the  inspection  of  the  quarantine  officers.  We 
were  then  obliged  to  ship  to  the  detention  hospital  on  shore  all 
of  our  sick,  some  two  hundred,  and  all  the  others  of  us  remained 
until  Thursday,  when  each  individual  was  obliged  to  leave  all 
his  belongings,  pass  on  to  one  of  Starin's  barges,  go  below, 
strip,  pass  to  a  smaller  steamer,  be  bathed,  fumigated,  blanketed 
and  then  aboard  still  another  boat,  where  new  outfit,  including 
hat  and  shoes,  were  supplied.  After  all  had  undergone  this 
operation,  at  about  5  o'clock,  we  marched  a  full  two  miles  over 
the  hills  to  the  detention  camp  and  then  turned  in  for  the  night, 
feeling  pretty  hungry  and  forlorn  and  thankful,  notwithstanding 
that  once  again  we  were  in  God's  own  country  and  nearly  at  home. 

Fortunately  for  the  officers  Mrs.  Downs  had  thoughtfully  sent 
one  hundred  sandwiches  and  a  can  of  milk  to  the  camp  by  the 
ambulance,  which  was  utilized  to  bring  a  few  officers,  not  actu 
ally  sick,  but  too  weak  to  walk. 

It  was  fully  twenty-four  hours  before  the  Government  supply 
of  provisions  was  sufficient  for  our  needs,  and  even  then  and 
until  we  left  this  camp,  on  Monday,  we  had  not  a  knife,  fork, 
spoon  or  cup  with  which  to  eat  our  food. 


292  ANNUAL  REPORT  OP  THE 

Extemporizing  these  instruments  by  the  aid  of  sticks,  pocket 
knives,  cork  screws  and  condensed  milk  cans  we  managed  to  get 
on,  though  as  late  as  the  following  Monday  noon  the  Chaplain 
recalls  doing  the  best  he  could  pulling  a  beefsteak  apart  with 
his  cork  screw  and  drinking  his  coffee  from  an  old  tin  can  found 
in  the  grass  about  the  camp. 

On  Sunday,  rations  being  short,  the  Colonel  detailed  the 
Chaplain  to  see  what  he  could  do  to  secure  something  from  the 
Red  Cross  friends.  He  went  to  the  station  with  the  Quarter 
master  of  the  regiment  and  that  of  the  brigade,  neither  of  whom 
was  able  to  secure  either  transportation  or  supplies. 

The  Chaplain  was,  however,  kindly  met  and  assisted  by  Cap 
tain  Guilfoyle,  in  charge  of  affairs  at  the  landing,  who  ordered 
a  mule  team,  wagon  and  driver  to  go  wherever  the  Chaplain 
directed. 

The  Red  Cross  supply  tent  being  at  the  General  Hospital, 
the  Chaplain  mounted  the  box  with  the  mule  driver  and  went 
there,  some  two  miles  over  the  hills,  where,  presenting  to  the 
Superintendent  a  letter  just  received  from  Mr.  Cleveland  H. 
Dodge,  intimating  that  the  request  of  the  Seventy -first  Chaplain 
would  be  at  once  honored  with  a  liberal  supply  of  needed  food; 
a  most  liberal  answer  to  the  request  was  at  once  granted. 

This  addition  to  our  meagre  rations  made  all  the  officers 
feel  better.  From  this  time  on  whatever  were  the  occasions 
for  complaint  not  one  could  be  lodged  against  the  food. 

While  in  detention  camp  it  was  not  so  easy  for  express  pack 
ages  to  be  received,  but  the  moment  we  were  in  the  permanent 
camp  we  were  all  in  constant  receipt  of  boxes  from  home,  and 
supplied  with  every  needed  delicacy. 

At  least  such  was  true  of  the  well  in  the  camps,  and  the  sick 
in  the  hospitals.  Such  as  were  sick  in  camp  and  not  sick  enough 
perhaps  to  be  sent  to  the  hospital,  or  owing  to  its  crowded  condi- 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  293 

tion  could  not  be  received  there,  did  not  fare  so  well,  for,  though 
none  were  starved,  none  could  receive  needed  delicacies  nor  have 
food  properly  prepared  for  sick  men  to  eat  it.  These  also  suf 
fered  from  insufficient  covering  for  the  cold  nights  at  Montauk  at 
the  end  of  August,  and  not  one  of  them  had  anything  better 
than  a  thin  rubber  poncho  stretched  out  upon  the  ground  to 
lie  on. 

The  Chaplain  went  to  the  General  Hospital  on  Saturday, 
crossing  but  a  short  distance  from  the  detention  camp,  and 
offered  his  services  there  among  the  sick.  He  was  told  to  return 
at  once  to  the  camp  of  detention,  that  Chaplain  Bateman,  of  the 
Sixteenth  Regular  Infantry,  and  Father  Hart,  a  Roman  Catholic 
Regular  Army  Chaplain,  with  whom  at  Division  Hospital  Chap 
lain  Van  Dewater  had  had  most  pleasant  relations  in  the  work 
of  ministering  to  the  wounded  and  burying  the  dead,  were  ap 
pointed  to  serve  as  Chaplains  in  the  General  Hospital  at  Mon 
tauk  Point. 

On  Sunday  afternoon,  the  21st  of  August,  Colonel  MacArthur 
came  to  our  detention  camp  and  paid  such  as  were  there  for  ser 
vices  rendered  to  the  State  of  New  York  from  May  2nd  to  May 
10th  at  Camp  Black. 

With  the  exception  of  money  received  at  Tampa  Heights  from 
the  United  States  Government  for  our  services  from  May  10th 
to  June  1st,  this  is  the  only  money,  which,  to  this  time,  anyone 
in  the  regiment  had  received. 

One  had  to  be  well  provided  with  personal  funds  and  while 
in  Santiago  have  banking  facilities  to  provide  for  personal 
needs  or  to  give  needed  fiscal  assistance  to  the  men  of  the  regi 
ment. 

How,  in  the  face  of  these  facts,  several  commanding  officers 
of  regiments  requested  that  men  should  not  be  paid  in  Santiago, 
it  is  difficult  to  understand. 


294  ANNUAL  KEPORT  OF  THE 

Indeed,  it  is  questionable  whether  when  soldiers  have  done 
their  work,  their  officers  should  have  the  right  to  treat  them  like 
children,  and,  by  proffering  a  request,  withhold  from  them  their 
due. 

On  Monday,  the  22nd  of  August,  our  detachment  removed  from 
its  detention  camp  by  orders  from  headquarters  to  the  permanent 
camp  at  the  extreme  right  by  Fort  Pond  Bay. 

The  order  was  received  at  2  p.  m.,  and  by  6  o'clock  all  were 
removed,  with  everything  of  the  outfit. 

Here  we  found  the  rest  of  the  regiment  which  had  come  to 
Montauk  in  two  detachments,  neither  of  which  had  been  obliged 
to  undergo  quarantine  fumigation,  and  so  had  avoided  several 
days'  delay. 

Furloughs  had  already  begun  to  be  liberally  granted,  and 
many  men  had  gone  home.  Not  over  ten  men  remained  in  Com 
pany  A,  for  example,  and  these  had  been  retained  merely  for 
camp  duty. 

The  newspapers  in  the  city  had  been  making  such  ado  about 
the  inefficient  management  of  Camp  Wikoff,  especially  of  its 
hospitals,  that  the  military  authorities  were  doing  all  they  could 
to  get  soldiers  away  and  to  their  homes. 

The  volunteers  receiving  so  much  from  friends  in  New  York 
and  vicinity  fared  better  than  regulars,  who  at  once  made  their 
wants  known,  whining  not  a  little  their  complaints,  and  very 
soon  they,  too,  were  the  recipients  of  so  many  delicacies  and 
dainties  that  tents  everywhere  looked  as  if  their  occupant  kept 
stands  outside  a  county  fair. 

Well  men  at  Camp  Wikoff  after  August  22nd  had  no  reason 
to  complain. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  295 

General  Wheeler  kindly  sent  a  leave  of  absence  of  thirty  days 
to  Chaplain  Van  Dewater,  whose  summer  home  was  at  Quogue, 
nearby,  and  he  left  on  the  24th,  returning  on  the  28th,  spending 
the  day  visiting  the  sick,  both  in  hospitals  and  at  camp,  and 
judiciously  distributing  aid  to  worthy  and  needy  men.  Thanks 
are  here  tendered  to  those  individuals  and  organizations  who 
made  such  distribution  possible,  and  did  much  good  work  where 
good  was  much  needed. 

General  Edwin  A.  McAlpin  and  other  Seventy-first  veterans 
visited  the  camp  on  Sunday,  the  28th,  to  make  final  arrangements 
for  the  great  parade  which  had  been  ordered  to  take  place  in 
New  York  on  the  following  day. 

At  this  time  there  came  to  the  camp,  August  24th,  the  two  com 
panies  which  had  been  recruited  through  the  summer  according 
to  orders  received  from  Washington,  or  rather  the  two  hundred 
(200)  men  to  bring  the  twelve  companies  up  to  the  standard 
number  of  one  hundred  each.  These  recruits  had  been  encamped 
at  Camp  Black,  near  Hempstead,  and  under  the  command  of 
Captain  Stoddard,  who  had  been  sent  from  Tampa  to  enlist 
them,  and  Lieutenant  Frederick  Kopper,  formerly  a  Colonel  of 
the  Seventy-first  Regiment,  N.  G.  N.  Y.,  who  had  enlisted  in  June 
and  taken  a  commission  from  Governor  Black  as  First  Lieuten 
ant,  Company  M,  by  recommendation  of  our  then  retiring  Colonel 
Greene. 

These  recruits  were  very  welcome  and  did  excellent  work  in 
the  camp,  saving  the  strength  of  the  sick  and  those  who  said 
they  were  well,  but  were  too  exhausted  to  do  much  work. 

These  recruits  were  a  fine  looking  body  of  men,  and  had  they 
ever  been  summoned  to  do  duty  in  Cuba,  would  have  acquitted 
themselves  creditably. 


296  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

Comparison  between  the  physical  appearance  of  these  and 
these  who  had  come  from  Cuba,  worn  and  depleted,  yellow  and 
haggard  most  of  them,  was  pitiable  and  distressing. 

As  transports  were  continually  arriving  at  Montauk  with 
troops  from  Santiago,  those  of  the  sick  of  the  Seventy-first  which 
we  were  obliged  to  leave  behind  in  hospitals  as  fast  as  they  re 
covered  sailed  for  Camp  Wikoff. 

Alas,  that  with  the  messages  of  such  arriving  there  came  also 
the  news  of  many,  who,  succumbing  to  the  illness,  had  died  on 
foreign  shores. 

We  have  spoken  of  the  difficulty  of  securing  at  any  time  an 
accurate  list  of  killed  and  wounded.  Greater  still  was  the  diffi 
culty  of  securing  an  accurate  list  of  those  who  had  died  from 
wounds  or  from  fever. 

A  small  portion  of  the  regiment,  some  thirty,  was  left  in  Tampa 
to  guard  property,  left  there  by  orders  from  superior  officers. 

Some  of  our  sick  were  in  Camp  Wikoff,  some  at  Siboney 
Hospital,  some  in  the  yellow  fever  camp  at  Firmeza,  some  in 
the  hospital  at  San  Juan  Heights,  some  in  Santiago  City  Hos 
pital,  some  in  the  General  and  a  few  in  the  detention  hospitals 
at  Montauk,  and  a  large  number  had  been  furloughed  to  go  to 
their  homes  to  recover  from  their  illness.  Daily  we  heard  of 
deaths  occurring  in  one  or  in  all  of  these  places,  and  no. doubt 
some  occurred,  reports  of  which  we  would  not  receive  for  several 
weeks;  add  to  this  a  few  of  our  regiment  who  were  detailed  to 
serve  in  various  capacities  in  other  regiments,  some  of  them  still 
in  Santiago,  and  it  will  be  easily  seen  that  the  difficulty  was 
great  to  secure  at  any  time  anything  like  an  accurate  list  of  our 
dead. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  297 

At  4  o'clock  of  the  morning  of  the  29th  of  August  reveille  was 
sounded,  the  regiment  breakfasted,  all  things  were  made  read}', 
and  the  march  was  made  of  such  of  the  Seventy-first  as  were  able 
to  return  to  New  York  to  the  station  of  the  Long  Island  Railroad 
at  Montauk,  where,  after  considerable  delay,  a  train  was  made 
up  specially  to  convey  the  regiment  to  Long  Island  City. 

But  few  stops  were  made  along  the  route,  and  at  every  one 
friends  were  assembled  in  large  numbers,  with  milk  and  cakes 
and  fruit  in  abundance,  which  were  most  generously  distributed. 

At  last  the  train  pulled  into  the  terminus  yard  at  Long  Island 
City  at  half  after  11  o'clock. 

Here  some  sick  men  were  removed  to  ambulances  and  several 
were  conveyed  to  the  ferry  boat  by  litter  carriers. 

There  were  here  to  meet  us  Colonel  Francis,  of  the  One  Hun 
dred  and  Seventy-first,  with  his  new  regimental  officers,  an  excel 
lent  looking  body  of  sturdy  men,  beautifully  arrayed  in  new  and 
shining  uniforms,  who  were  to  act  as  our  escort  on  the  further 
journey  homeward  and  parade  to  the  armory. 

A  large  committee  of  the  Veteran  Association  of  the  Seventy- 
first  was  also  here  to  greet  us,  among  whom  are  quickly  perceived 
such  eminent  officers  and  Civil  war  veterans  as  Colonel  Homer, 
Colonel  Conkling,  General  McAlpiu  and  Adjutant  Hamilton 
Pride  and  many  other  worthies  of  "  Ye  Olden  Tyme,"  who,  if  not 
as  high  in  rank  as  these,  were  equally  high  in  worth. 

The  ferry  boat  "  Flushing  "  conveyed  the  regiment,  with  their 
escorts,  to  the  foot  of  Whitehall  street.  All  along  the  route 
there  were  continuous  shouts  of  welcome  from  the  shores,  and 
other  vessels  in  the  river,  the  shrill  whistles  of  tugs  and  the 
sirens  of  pleasure  craft,  and  it  seemed  that  from  every  available 


298  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

spot  on  docks  or  upon  buildings  crowds  had  gathered  to  do  us 
honor  and  give  us  a  royal  welcome. 

As  we  passed  under  Brooklyn  bridge  we  saw  that  all  trains 
had  stopped,  traffic  had  ceased  and  upon  the  footpath  were  thou 
sands  frantically  waving  flags  and  shouting  joyously  their 
plaudits  of  praise. 

The  veterans  had  thoughtfully  provided  a  generous  luncheon 
for  us  while  we  sailed  down  the  river,  but  even  with  this  added 
strength  the  returning  Cuban  troops  were  not  strong  enough  to 
withstand  the  effects  of  such  a  magnificent  welcome  as  they  re 
ceived  all  along  the  route  from  Montauk,  and  especially  upon 
the  East  river,  in  the  journey  from  Long  Island  City  to  White 
hall  street  ferry. 

Tears  filled  most  eyes  and  some  actually  wept  for  joy. 

As  the  boat  came  into  the  slip  the  body  of  Seventy-first  vete 
rans  were  seen  on  the  wharf  and  directly  in  front  of  us  stood 
our  regimental  band,  second  to  none,  led  by  its  incomparable 
leader,  Professor  Fanciulli,  playing  "  Home,  Sweet  Home." 

Words  can  never  describe  the  feelings  of  our  Cuban  soldiers 
of  the  Seventy-first  at  this  moment.  If  there  was  one  man  among 
them  who  did  not  shed  a  tear,  there  must  have  been 

"A  soul  so  dead 

That  never  to  itself  had  said 

This  is  my  own,  my  native  Land." 

After  a  little  delay  in  seating  the  field  and  staff  officers  in 
carriages  and  placing  company  officers  and  men  in  cable  cars 
the  parade  began. 

The  progress  up  Whitehall  street  and  along  Broadway  to 
Waverly  place  was  impeded  by  the  crowds  of  people  who  filled  the 


STATE  HISTORIAN,  299 

streets  at  every  step  of  the  journey.  Besides  these,  the  sidewalks, 
every  window  and  roof  of  every  building  along  the  entire  dis 
tance  were  filled  with  people.  Bunting  waved  everywhere. 
Streamers  of  telegraph  and  ticker  machines  stretched  in  pro 
fusion  from  roof  to  street  in  front  of  several  buildings,  notably 
the  Exchanges  and  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company.  Old 
Trinity  rang  its  chimes.  Cheering  was  incessant.  It  seemed  to 
us  that  there  never  could  have  been  such  a  reception  in  New 
York  city  as  this.  The  spontaneity  and  heartiness  of  this  welcome 
proved  its  sincerity. 

The  sad  note  in  the  joyous  refrain  was  that  of  sympathy  for, 
the  weak,  wan,  sad,  yellow  faces  of  the  sick  and  what  these  signs 
stood  for. 

At  times  as  the  procession  moved  along  the  sudden  change 
of  joyous  cheers  to  something  like  a  suppressed  sob  by  the  on 
lookers  was  painfully  apparent. 

The  regiment  left  New  York  over  1,000  strong,  a  regiment  of 
magnificent,  healthy  looking  athletes.  It  paraded  on  its  return 
less  than  350  men,  and  of  these  not  fifty  who  could  say  they  had 
not  been  seriously  ill  or  that  at  the  present  time  they  were 
wholly  well.  Where  were  the  others?  Those  not  dead  were 
almost  all  sick,  either  in  hospitals  all  over  the  country  or  on 
furloughs  at  their  homes. 

For  weeks  there  was  not  a  day  when  the  papers  did  not  record 
at  least  one  dead  of  the  Seventy-first,  and  on  many  of  these  days 
as  many  as  six  of  the  Seventy-first,  who,  in  various  places,  had 
ceased  to  be  among  the  living. 

For  anj  adequate  description  of  the  parade  of  the  Seventy- 
first,  which  parade,  technically  speaking,  began  at  the  Washing 
ton  arch  and  ended  at  the  armory,  corner  of  Thirty-fourth  street 


300  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

and  Park  avenue,  the  newspapers  of  the  following  day  must  be 
consulted,  though  even  these,  their  writers  will  confess,  are 
wholly  inadequate  to  portray  the  memorable  march  and  its  ac 
companying  scenes. 

It  will  not  be  expected  that  the  one  detailed  to  write  this  his 
tory,  who  in  this  procession  rode  in  the  first  carriage  with  the 
Colonel,  Lieutenant-Colonel  and  the  Adjutant,  and  in  the  parade 
marched  behind  the  Colonel  with  the  staff  (there  were  but  three 
staff  officers  in  the  parade),  will  be  able  to  describe  what  took 
place  behind  him. 

From  the  moment  that  the  Colonel  gave  orders  to  march  and 
the  band  struck  up  its  martial  music  to  the  tune  of  "  Way  Down 
South  in  Dixie"  to  the  time  of  the  arrival  at  the  armory  there 
was  a  continued  ovation  from  thousands.  Frequent  halts  were 
made  for  the  benefit  of  the  weak  ones  marching  and  those  unable 
to  march  rode  in  carriages  provided  for  them. 

The  escort  of  the  Civil  War  veterans  was  most  agreeable  to 
us,  and  very  gracious  in  them,  and  added  a  feature  to  the  parade, 
at  once  unique  and  universally  gratifying. 

Adjutant  Pride,  the  well-known  Adjutant  of  Colonel  Henry  P. 
Martin,  Colonel  of  the  Seventy-first  in  1861,  marched  the  entire 
distance,  and  won  plaudits  of  recognition  and  approval  by  his 
military  bearing  and  attention  to  every  detail  of  the  parade.  No 
less  conspicuous  were  the  other  veterans,  whose  presence  and 
carriage  seemed  like  an  approving  benediction  from  worthies  of 
the  past.  All  who  knew  the  past  history  of  the  Seventy-first, 
and  especially  those  who  had  the  pleasure  and  advantage  of  a 
personal  acquaintance  with  the  Civil  WTar  Colonel  Martin,  were 
pained  to  hear  that  he  was  too  ill  to  be  present  at  any  of  the 
exercises  of  the  day.  This  pain  was  intensified  when  they  learned 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  301 

that  the  occasion  of  this  illness  was  a  severe  cold  caught  a  few 
days  previous  when  the  dear  old  veteran  commander  had  jour 
neyed  all  the  way  to  Montauk,  and  not  without  much  fatigue  and 
exposure  had  visited  his  grandchildren  assembled  in  camp  there 
on  their  return  from  the  campaign  in  Cuba. 

After  the  ceremonies  were  over  at  the  Armory  the  Chaplain 
went  at  once  to  Brooklyn  to  see  Colonel  Martin,  whom  he  found 
suffering  great  pain  from  an  acute  trouble,  but  who  at  once  arose 
and  participated  eagerly  in  a  conversation  that  turned  exclusively 
upon  the  experiences  of  the  gallant  Seventy-first. 

This  great  day  of  the  regiment's  return  to  its  home  and  parade 
in  New  York  had  not  been  complete  without  this  official  visit 
to  the  one  man  living,  to  whom  more  than  to  any  other,  the 
Seventy-first  owes  its  worth  and  greatness. 

Let  the  gallant  command  ever  remember  that  nothing  of  glory 
in  the  living  present  ought  for  one  moment  to  eclipse  the  great 
ness  of  its  worthy  past. 

The  "  American  Guard,"  the  motto  of  which  reads  "  Pro  Avis 
Elpro  Focis"  has  ever  proved  faithful  to  its  ideal,  and  first, 
last  and  all  the  time  has  been  ready  for  service  whenever  called 
upon  to  render  it.  All  who  in  any  way  have  contributed  to  the 
uncommon  glory  conceded  to  the  command  have  been  honored,  and 
no  less  those  who  served  it  years  ago  than  they  who  in  the  present 
day  are  considered  active  members. 

When  finally  the  armory  was  reached  the  applause  was  deafen 
ing;  added  to  the  hurrahs  of  the  multitudes  in  the  streets,  upon 
the  sidewalks  and  steps,  in  the  windows  and  upon  the  roofs 
of  the  houses  and  hotels,  were  the  booming  of  the  cannon  fired 
as  salute  and  the  music  of  the  band  playing  "  Home,  Sweet 
Home"  as  the  troops  marched  within  the  walls  of  their  official 
home. 


302  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

Formation  having  been  made  upon  the  armory  floor,  Colonel 
Downs  made  a  brief  and  appropriate  address  to  the  regiment, 
apologizing  for  keeping  the  men  even  a  few  moments  from  the 
arms  and  welcome  of  dear  ones,  expressing  the  sentiments  appro 
priate  to  the  occasion  and  reminding  them,  as  prayer  was  offered 
when  they  left  the  armory  to  undertake  their  duties  as  volunteers, 
praise  would  now  be  appropriate,  and  called  upon  Chaplain 
Van  Dewater  to  give  thanks  to  God  for  His  mercies.  Scarcely 
had  the  brief  words  of  thanksgiving  been  uttered  when  the  band 
played  "  Old  Hundred,"  and  the  words  "  Praise  God,  from  Whom 
All  Blessings  Flow  *'  were  sung  by  those  who  felt  the  force  of 
every  word  they  uttered,  as  seemingly  they  had  never  felt  it 
before. 

The  armory  floor  and  galleries  were  filled  with  relatives  and 
friends  of  the  returning  soldiers,  who  were  at  once  personally 
received  with  a  cordiality,  in  some  instances  mingled  with  an 
untold  sorrow,  as  the  weakened  forms  and  sickened  faces  told 
the  story  of  severe  suffering  and  wasted  strength. 

The  Women's  Aid  Society,  composed  chiefly  of  the  wives  and 
sisters  of  the  soldiers,  was  soon  busily  engaged  in  giving  hearty 
refreshments  to  the  troops. 

After  an  hour  or  so  of  much  rejoicing  and  feasting  Colonel 
Downs  formally  announced  that  the  Seventy-first  Regiment  was 
now  on  leave  for  sixty  days,  and  was  ordered  to  reassemble  at 
Camp  Black  on  the  26th  of  October  for  muster-out  of  the  United 
States  volunteer  service. 

On  the  25th  of  October  the  Chaplain  received  a  communication 
from  a  Greenport,  L.  I.,  undertaker,  saying  that  the  following 
dead  of  the  Seventy-first  were  then  lying  buried  at  Montauk 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  303 

(Camp  Wikoff),  and  asking  for  addresses  of  relatives,  if  pos 
sible,  that  he  might  communicate  with  them  regarding  removal 
of  the  remains.  He  was  referred  to  Major  Abeel  at  the  armory, 
Thirty-fourth  street  and  Park  avenue.  New  York  city,  viz. : 

Edward  Pfister,  Company  E,  died  August  28th. 

Frank  E.  Rouse,  Company  K,  died  August  15th. 

Ebbe  Ebberson,  Company  L,  died  September  10th. 

On  the  evening  of  the  26th  of  October  Messrs.  Hawk  and 
Wetherbce,  of  the  New  Manhattan  Hotel,  gave  a  dinner  to  the 
officers  of  the  regiment,  most  all  of  whom  assembled  at  8  o'clock 
and  sat  down  to  a  richly  furnished  and  well-decorated  table.  At 
the  right  of  Colonel  Downs,  who  presided,  sat  Colonel  Francis, 
of  the  One  Hundred  and  Seventy-first  Regiment,  and  at  the  left 
of  the  presiding  officer  was  Captain  Lloyd  M.  Brett,  of  the  Third 
United  States  Cavalry,  detailed  as  the  mustering-out  officer  of  the 
Seventy-first  Regiment.  Beautiful  orchestral  music  added  to  the 
enjoyment  of  the  occasion. 

After  the  coffee  was  served  the  Colonel  of  the  Seventy-first  made 
a  happy  address,  which  was  followed  by  a  speech  from  Mr.  Hawk, 
who  expressed  satisfaction  in  being  able  to  execute  a  cherished 
idea  through  the  summer  to  give  the  Seventy-first  officers  a  sup 
per  on  their  return.  Speeches  were  made  by  several  officers,  all 
bearing  upon  the  common  experiences  of  the  summer,  the  mutual 
affection  officers  had  for  one  another  and  the  prospects  of  re 
organization  of  the  regiment  as  a  part  of  the  State's  National 
Guard.  A  toast  was  drunk  in  silence  to  the  memory  of  Lieuten 
ants  Longson  and  Roberts,  who  died  in  the  service. 

On  the  morning  of  the  27th  of  October  the  regiment  assembled 
at  9  o'clock  in  the  armory,  and  at  once  examination  of  the  men 
was  begun  by  battalions.  This  process  continued  for  days,  the 


304  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

final  muster-out  not  taking  place  until  all  had  been  examined 
and  all  records  duly  passed  upon  and  certified  as  correct. 

On  the  3rd  of  November  those  who  wished  to  vote  voted  at  the 
armory  for  city,  county  and  State  officers,  orders  having  been 
received  for  the  members  of  the  regiment  to  vote  as  in  time  of  war. 

On  the  14th  of  November  the  regiment  assembled  in  the  armory, 
numbering,  with  the  two  companies  of  new  recruits,  which  had 
been  recruited  by  Captain  Stoddard  and  were  encamped  first  at 
Camp  Black  and  subsequently  for  a  brief  period  at  Montauk 
Point,  about  900  men.  The  work  of  mustering  out,  paying  the 
men  and  giving  to  them  their  discharge  papers  was  then  begun 
and  continued  until  the  last  man  was  discharged.  Thus  ended 
the  service  of  the  Seventy-first  Regiment  Infantry,  New  York 
Volunteers. 

Much  might  be  said  in  concluding  this  history,  writing  and 
compiling  which  has  been  a  labor  of  love  by  the  Chaplain,  to 
express  the  feelings  of  those  who  now  for  more  than  six  montns 
have  been  in  the  service  of  the  United  States  volunteer  army. 
This  may  be  said,  and  perhaps  it  is  enough  to  say : 

The  Seventy-first  Regiment,  New  York  Volunteers,  in  the  war 
with  Spain  enlisted  promptly,  recruited  quickly,  went  to  the  seat 
of  war  rapidly  and  in  a  patriotic,  devoted  spirit,  did  every  duty 
assigned  to  it  cheerfully,  obeyed  orders  implicitly,  fought 
valiantly,  suffered  heroically  and  now  retires  from  active  service 
with  becoming  modesty,  confident  that  it  has  served  its  State  and 

country  well. 

FINIS. 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  305 

SUBSCRIPTION. 

Colonel  Wallace  A.  Downs,  Commanding  71st  Regiment,  N.  Y. 
Vol.  Infty.: 

Dear  Colonel. —  I  herewith  submit  to  you  the  itinerary  or  his 
tory  of  the  Seventy-first  Regiment  during  its  time  of  service  in 
the  United  States  volunteer  army  for  the  war  with  Spain,  to 
prepare  which  you  detailed  me  while  on  transport  "  Vigilancia  " 
on  our  way  to  Cuba. 

There  have  been  great  difficulties  in  writing  a  connected  his 
tory  and  in  keeping  an  itinerary  for  subsequent  copy. 

The  book  had  to  be  left  on  the  transport  when  we  landed  on 
the  enemy's  country.  Carrying  nothing  but  a  haversack,  it  was; 
impossible  to  have  much  paper  at  hand  and  difficult  to  preserve 
the  written  copy  upon  separate  sheets.  Some  of  these  were  lost, 
It  was  very  difficult  at  all  times  to  write,  and  sometimes  separ 
ated  from  the  regiment  to  do  detailed  duty  at  hospitals  I  could! 
not  describe  what  was  taking  place  elsewhere.  I  have  tried  to 
do  a  difficult  task  the  best  I  could  under  the  circumstances.  I 
now  submit  the  result  to  you,  as  we  are  severing  the  ties  of 
affectionate  and  mutual  service  in  the  United  States'  war  with 
Spain. 

In  doing  this,  permit  me  to  express  my  devoted  appreciation 
of  you  as  a  man  and  a  soldier,  and  to  thank  you  for  many  acts 
of  kindness  without  which  war  would  have  been  for  me  more  of  a 
hell  than  it  was. 

I  am,  dear  Colonel  and  friend,  yours  affectionately, 

(Signed)         GEO.  R.  VAN  DEWATER, 

Captain  and  Chaplain  71st  Regt,  N.  Y.  Vols. 
20 


306  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

GALLANTRY  OF  A  NEW  YORK  NAVAL  OFFICER. 

THE   GLOUCESTER  AND   THE   PUERTO   BIG  AN    CAMPAIGN. 

The  expedition  to  Puerto  Rico  under  General  Miles  was  de 
signed  to  land  at  Cape  San  Juan,  but  on  the  24th  of  July  it  was 
determined  to  change  the  landing  to  Guanica.  Captain  Higgin- 
son,  Commander  of  the  Naval  Convoy,  in  his  report  to  Admiral 
Sampson,  says: 

*  *  *  "I  proceeded  with  the  convoy  through  the  Mona 
Passage  and  arrived  off  Port  Guanica  at  5.20  a.  m.,  July  25th,  and 
standing  in  with  the  Gloucester  in  advance  came  to  an  anchor 
at  8.45  a.  m. 

"  Finding  no  batteries  bearing  on  the  entrance,  the  Gloucester 
approached  the  mouth  of  the  harbor,  and  Lieutenant-Commander 
Wainwright  asked  permission  to  enter.  This  I  granted  with  some 
hesitation,  not  knowing,  of  course,  what  mines  or  torpedoes 
might  be  in  the  channel  —  and  knowing  that  I  would  be  power 
less  to  render  the  Gloucester  uny  assistance  after  she  had  pene 
trated  the  harbor  and  was  lost  to  sight."  (Captain  Higginson's 
ship  drew  too  much  water  to  enter  Guanica  Harbor.) 

From  "  The  Log  of  the  Gloucester "  we  learn  that  between 
5.30  and  8  a.  m.  the  Massachusetts  —  Captain  Higginson's 
ship  —  wigwagged  to  Gloucester :  "  Do  you  see  any  signs  of  a 
fortification?" 

Answer :    "  No.     See  Spanish  flag  on  warehouse." 

Between  8  a.  m.  and  noon  Wainwright  signaled  to  Massa 
chusetts:  "Shall  I  go  in?" 

Answered :  "  Yes,  you  can  try  it." 

"At  9  a.  m.  entered  harbor  in  advance  of  the  fleet.  Lieutenant 
H.  P.  Huse  and  Lieutenant  T.  C.  Wood  went  ashore  with  an 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  307 

armed  boat's  crew,  lowered  the  Spanish  flag  and  hoisted  ourr,. 
The  men  aboard  ship  cheered  to  see  our  flag  ashore.  Almost 
immediately  after  this  a  rapid  firing  of  rifles  was  heard,  and  we 
became  aware  that  our  men  had  been  attacked;  many  rifle  bul 
lets  struck  the  water  alongside  us  and  went  singing  past.  Lieu 
tenant  Huse  hailed  us  requesting  us  to  fire  over  him.  Lieutenant 
Huse  signaled  that  250  men  were  needed  to  hold  the  place. 
Another  armed  boat  was  sent  in  charge  of  Lieutenant  Norman 
and  Assistant  Engineer  Procter,  and  by  this  time  some  boats 
of  the  Massachusetts  had  entered  the  harbor.  Lieutenant  Huse 
returned  with  landing  party,  having  left  Lieutenant  Wood  on 
shore  with  the  Colt  gun,  at  request  of  General  Gilmore,  TJ.  S.  A. 

"After  our  work  was  done  General  Miles  came  on  board  and 
complimented  Captain  Wainwright."  (Log  of  the  Gloucester.; 

"  Large  sugar  lighters  were  captured  by  the  Gloucester,  which 
were  of  great  importance  in  landing  men  and  supplies  from  the 
army  transports.  The  only  reference  to  this  service  in  the 
Gloucester's  Log  is  the  modest  entry :  "  July  26th,  4  to  8  a.  m., 
transports  with  boats  from  the  Massachusetts  and  lighters  se 
cured  by  us  busily  engaged  in  landing  men  and  stores." 

In  his  official  report  on  the  capture  of  Guanica,  Lieutenant- 
Commander  Wainwright  says: 

*  *  *  tt  -yye  entered  the  harbor  by  permission  of  the  Senior 
Officer  present  and  iired  at  some  fleeing  troops,  then  landed  a 
party  to  seize  the  available  landing  places  and  prevent  the 
destruction  of  lighters. 

"  Reinforcements  were  discovered  coming  from  Yauco,  but  were 
driven  by  fire  from  this  vessel. 

"  The  army  transports  came  in  sight  with  launches  and  boats 
from  the  vessels  in  the  outer  harbor.  At  my  request  Colonel 


308  ANNUAL  REPORT  OP  THE 

Black  immediately  landed  -a  portion  of  his  Engineer  Battalion, 
and  the  village  was  turned  over  to  the  army. 

"  General  Miles  visited  the  Gloucester  and  thanked  us  for  the 
services  rendered. 

"  The  landing  party  was  well  handled  by  Lieutenant  Huse  and 
the  men  behaved  extremely  well,  particularly  when  it  is  remem 
bered  that  it  was  their  first  experience  on  shore." 

Lieutenant  Huse,  in  his  report  to  Captain  Wainwright,  says: 

"  The  force  under  my  command  consisted  of  28  men,  embarked 
in  the  cutter.  *  *  * 

"  The  Spanish  flag  was  hauled  down  and  our  colors  hoisted  in 
its  place. 

"  This  drew  the  enemy's  fire,  who  opened  from  the  underbrush 
on  the  right  flank,  and  from  about  three  hundred  yards7  dis 
tance  on  the  highway.  *  *  * 

"  From  a  countryman,  the  only  man  in  the  village,  I  learned 
that  we  were  opposed  by  thirty  regulars  and  that  reinforcements 
were  momentarily  expected  from  Yauco,  about  four  miles 
distant. 

"  I  signaled  to  you  for  reinforcements  and  pushed  forward  our 
center  along  the  highway.  *  *  * 

"At  the  northern  limit  of  the  village  we  built  a  wall  across  the 
highway  and  placed  there  the  new  Colt  gun  you  had  sent  ashore. 

"  We  also  strung  two  barbed  wire  fences  fifty  and  one  hundred 
yards  to  the  front  across  the  road.  Meanwhile  a  boat  under  the 
command  of  Assistant  Engineer  Procter  was  engaged  in  cutting 
out  a  large  lighter,  which  came  into  immediate  use  in  lauding 
troops. 

u  About  this  time  the  Gloucester  opened  fire  from  her  three- 
pounders  and  six-pounders,  and  the  enemy  retreated.  A  few 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  309 

minutes  later  the  first  contingent  of  the  regular  army,  Colonel 
Black's  Regiment  of  Engineers,  landed  and  rapidly  pushed  for 
ward  beyond  our  lines.  In  obedience  to  your  orders  the  landing 
party  then  returned  to  the  ship.  At  the  special  request  of  Gen 
eral  Gilmore  I  left  Lieutenant  Wood  and  a  party  ashore  with 
the  Colt  gun. 

"  I  wish  especially  to  commend  the  gallant  conduct  of  Lieuten 
ant  Wood  and  of  Chief  Yeoman  Lacey." 

The  above  extracts  from  official  reports  and  the  equally  au 
thoritative  Log  of  the  Gloucester  show  that  the  prompt  action 
of  Wainwright  in  pushing  into  the  inner  harbor  of  Guanica,  with 
a  contempt  for  mines  and  torpedoes  worthy  of  Farragut,  and  the 
vigorous  work  of  the  landing  party  under  Huse,  made  the  sur 
prise  of  Guanica  a  complete  success. 

A  safe  landing  place  for  the  army  was  secured  without  any 
loss,  and  the  crew  of  the  Gloucester  had  the  enviable  satisfaction 
of  capturing  the  first  Spanish  flag  and  hoisting  in  its  place  the 
first  American  flag  on  the  island  of  Puerto  Rico.  Wainwright 
generously  presented  the  Spanish  flag  to  Huse,  the  commander 
of  the  landing  party,  but  the  Navy  Department  required  it  to  be 
turned  in  as  a  public  trophy.  It  now  hangs  among  other  naval 
trophies  in  the  Naval  Academy  Museum  at  Annapolis. 

The  American  flag  which  the  landing  party  hoisted  at  Guanica 
was  presented  to  the  city  of  Gloucester  on  the  occasion  of  the 
Gloucester's  visit  there  in  September,  1898,  and  it  now  iuuigs 
over  the  Mayor's  chair  in  the  City  Hall  of  Gloucester,  Mass. 

The  modesty  of  the  Gloucester's  Captain  and  officer^  makes 
it  necessary  to  look  for  adequate  accounts  of  their  exploits  in  the 
ship's  Log-book  and  the  reports  of  other  officers  rather  than  in 


310  ANNUAL  REPORT  OP  THE 

their  own.  For  example.  Captain  Higginson  in  his  report  to 
Admiral  Sampson  says:  "  In  fact,  the  Gloucester  captured  the 
place  (Guanica)  single  handed,  and  I  take  pleasure  in  commend 
ing  Lieutenant-Commander  Wainwright  and  his  officers  and  men 
for  their  gallantry  and  daring/7 

And  Commander  Davis  in  his  report  to  Captain  Higginson 
says: 

*  *     *     "While  negotiations  for  the  surrender    (of   Ponce) 
were  in  progress  the  Gloucester  came  into  port,  and  Lieutenant- 
Commander  Wainwright  collected  all  the  lighters  in  the  It  arbor, 
amounting  to  about  fifty,  and  held  them  ready  to  place  alony- 
side  the  transports  upon  their  arrival  in  the  morning  "-  —  July  28. 

No  mention  of  this  work  appears  in  any  report  by  Wainwright 
or  his  Executive,  Huse,  but  in  the  Gloucester's  Log-book  is  the 
following  for  8  p.  in',  to  midnight,  July  27: 

*  #     *     u  AH   lights   aboard  were   extinguished   or  screened, 
and  in  silence,  with  the  crew  at  quarters  and  with  a  local  pilot 
on  the  bridge,  we  moved  into  the  inner  harbor  as  near  the  lighters 
as  possible  and  anchored. 

"  Two  armed  boats'  crews,  under  the  Executive  Officer  (Lieuten 
ant  Huse)  and  Lieutenant  George  H.  Norman,  pulled  in  and  se 
cured  nine  large  lighters  for  use  of  army  in  landing,  and  towed 
them  alongside.  Then,  at  10  o'clock,  got  up  anchor  and  slowly 
drifted  back  to  the  outer  harbor  and  to  our  anchorage  near  the 
Dixie. 

"All  through  the  manoeuvre  the  crew  on  board  were  kept  at  the 
guns,  but  our  movements  were  not  detected  by  the  enemy." 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  311 

DESTRUCTION  OF  THE  SPANISH  FLEET  AT  SANTIAGO. 

When  Cervera's  ships  attempted  to  run  the  gauntlet  of  Samp 
son's  squadron  on  the  morning  of  July  3rd,  1898,  all  the  American 
war  vessels,  except  the  Gloucester,  pursued  the  four  Spanish 
cruisers.  The  Gloucester  waited  for  the  two  destroyers,  which 
were  known  to  be  a  part  of  the  Spanish  fleet.  They  followed 
about  1,500  yards  astern  of  the  Oquendo.  ( See  Commander  Wain- 
wright's  Report.) 

They  were  each  superior  to  the  Gloucester  in  artillery  and 
both  were  equipped  with  torpedoes,  of  which  the  Gloucester  had 
none.  Together  they  carried  four  fourteen-pounders,  four  six- 
pounders  and  four  one-pounder  Maxim  (machine)  guns,  and  128 
officers  and  men. 

Both  ships  and  guns  were  of  English  construction  and  up-to- 
date  in  all  respects. 

The  Gloucester  carried  four  six-pounders,  four  three-pounders 
and  two  Colt  (machine)  guns  of  six  millimeters  calibre  (about 
one- fourth  inch)  and  a  crew  of  eighty-five  officers  and  men. 

The  Spanish  vessels  were,  therefore,  greatly  superior  in  arma 
ment,  while  their  combined  crews  out-numbered  the  crew  of  the 
Gloucester  fifty  per  cent. 

To  engage  an  enemy  whose  destroying  power  was  so  superior 
to  the  Gloucester's  required  on  the  part  of  the  Gloucester's  Com 
mander  bravery  of  the  highest  order  and  unbounded  confidence 
in  the  courage,  skill  and  devotion  of  his  officers  and  men. 

Success  was  possible  to  the  single  ship  only  if  her  fewer  men 
served  her  weaker  battery  with  such  quickness  and  accuracy  as 
promptly  to  silence  the  enemy's  guns  and  make  it  impossible  to 
launch  his  torpedoes.  And  this  the  gallant  Wainwright  believed 
his  little  band  of  eighty-four  would  do. 


312  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

It  was  only  six  weeks  since  the  Gloucester  sailed  from  the 
New  York  Navy  Yard  with  her  untrained  crew  hard  at  work 
stowing  away  the  stores  that  had  been  hurried  on  board  as  rapidly 
as  possible.  All  the  training  of  both  officers  and  men  on  which 
the  salvation  of  the  Gloucester  finally  depended  was  accomplished 
during  these  six  weeks  and  under  great  disadvantage.  For  the 
speed  and  general  reliability  of  the  Gloucester  made  her  invalu 
able  as  a  despatch  boat,  and  from  the  day  of  her  arrival  on  the 
coast  of  Cuba  till  the  day  of  her  great  fight  she  was  almost  con 
stantly  in  motion  during  the  day,  while  every  night  she  took  Im 
position  near  the  Morro  and  watched  the  harbor  entrance,  well 
in  advance  of  all  the  larger  ships.  (See  published  "  Log  of  the 
Gloucester.") 

During  the  continuance  of  the  blockade  Commander  Wain- 
wright  and  his  Executive  Officer,  Lieutenant  Harry  P.  Huse, 
divided  the  night  work  equally.  Every  night,  from  the  time  the 
Gloucester  took  her  position  at  dark  till  she  moved  farther  out 
at  daylight,  one  of  these  two  officers  was  constantly  on  the 
bridge. 

When  the  Pluton  and  Furor  appeared  the  supreme  moment 
had  arrived.  Wainwright  and  his  Executive  were  on  the  bridge, 
the  latter  eagerly  listening  for  the  order  to  attack.  It  came  in 
the  simple  words :  "  Close  in,  Huse."  And  "  Full  speed  ahead  " 
was  the  order  of  the  Executive  to  McElroy,  the  devoted  and  faith 
ful  Chief  Engineer,  who  had  everything  in  his  department  in  such 
superb  condition  that,  although  the  Gloucester  was  driven  at  a 
speed  she  had  never  known  before,  it  was  done  "  without  causing 
a  tube  to  leak  or  a  brass  to  heat."  (Wainwright's  report.) 

During  the  action  Wainwright  frequently  repeated  his  order: 
u  Close  in,  Huse,"  "  Close  in,  Huse,"  and  Huse  closed  in}  and  the 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  313 

attack  was  so  furious  and  persistent  that  within  twenty  minutes 
the  Pluton  lay  on  the  rocks  in  the  surf  an  utter  wreck  which 
could  not  fee  boarded,  and  the  Furor  lay  on  the  bottom  in  deep 
water,  and  all  that  was  left  of  the  two  destroyers  and  their  guns 
and  torpedoes  and  crews  was  a  mass  of  humanity  struggling  in 
the  water,  which,  when  rescued  by  the  men  of  the  Gloucester, 
numbered  four  officers  and  forty-one  petty  officers  and  enlisted 
men. 

The  Gloucester  was  uninjured.  She  had  not  been  once  hit,  and 
the  survivors  were  brought  in  and  cared  for  under  the  awnings, 
which  completely  covered  the  deck  when,  while  Sunday  morning 
inspection  was  going  on,  the  first  of  the  Spanish  ships  appeared. 
There  had  not  been  time  to  make  the  usual  preparation  for 
battle,  and  the  Gloucester's  men  served  their  guns,  and  after  the 
battle  cared  for  those  of  their  enemy  that  were  left  alive  under 
awnings  that  had  been  spread  in  expectation  of  an  uneventful 
Sunday. 

Commander  Wainwright  in  his  official  report  accounts  for  the 
wonderful  escape  of  the  Gloucester  without  injury  to  the  ship  or 
her  crew  as  follows: 

"  The  escape  of  the  Gloucester  was  due  mainly  to  the  accuracy 
and  rapidity  of  the  fire.  The  efficiency  of  this  fire,  as  well  as  of 
the  ship  generally,  was  largely  due  to  the  intelligent  and  unre 
mitting  efforts  of  the  Executive  Officer,  Lieutenant  Harry  P. 
Huse.  The  result  was  more  to  his  credit  when  it  is  remembered 
that  a  large  proportion  of  the  officers  and  men  were  untrained 
when  the  Gloucester  was  commissioned  (May  16,  1898).  Through 
out  the  action  he  was  on  the  bridge  with  me  and  carried  out  my 
orders  with  great  coolness." 


314  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

'  THE  NEWSPAPER  CORRESPONDENTS. 

Mr.  Henry  L.  Stoddard,  part  of  whose  correspondence  from 
Cuba  regarding  the  Seventy-first  Regiment,  is  included  in  Chap 
lain  Vandewater's  history  of  the  Regiment,  was  one  of  the  New 
York  newspaper  writers  whose  service  as  war  correspondent 
began  with  the  mobilization  of  the  army  in  Florida  early  in  April, 
1898,  and  continued  until  our  national  flag  floated  over  the  Morro 
at  Santiago  and  the  Governor-General's  palace  at  Havana.  Most 
of  his  time  was  spent  with  the  regular  troops,  but  it  so  happened 
that  he  camped  with  the  Seventy-first  Regiment  the  night  before 
the  battle  of  San  Juan,  and  marched  with  them  to  the  battle  line 
that  morning.  He  was  thus  able  to  give  an  accurate  account  of 
the  day's  events  from  his  own  observation,  especially  so  far  as 
the  Seventy-first  Regiment  was  concerned. 

Mr.  Stoddard  is  a  native  of  New  York.  He  was  born  in  New 
York  City  October  7,  1861.  Three  generations  of  his  family  have 
made  their  home  in  Hudson,  Columbia  County,  this  State,  where 
they  have  owned  and  edited  various  publications,  beginning  as 
far  back  as  1787.  Mr.  Stoddard  early  learned  the  printer's  trade, 
but  subsequently  became  a  reporter,  making  political  writing  his 
chief  work.  He  has  served  at  Washington  and  Albany  as  corre 
spondent,  and  when  he  went  to  Cuba  with  the  army  was  part 
owner  and  chief  editorial  writer  of  The  Mail  and  Express,  in 
New  York  City.  He  has  since  become  the  principal  owner  and 
director  of  that  newspaper,  and  is  president  of  the  corporation. 

In  a  letter  to  the  State  Historian  under  date  of  April  13,  1904, 

Mr.  Stoddard  writes: 

*****#*# 

"  I  remember  that  I  had  some  good  words  to  say  of  the  Seventy- 
first  after  my  return  home  and  when  I  found  them  unfairly 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  315 

attacked.  <  He  jests  at  scars  who  never  felt  a  wound/  you 
know.  That  is  why  I  have  no  patience  with  those  who,  while 
attempting  nothing  themselves,  criticise  the  conduct  and  question 
the  courage  of  those  who  dare  and  try  to  do.  Many  reasons  other 
than  lack  of  courage  compel  a  man  to  stay  at  home  when  the 
call  to  arms  is  heard,  and  I  have  no  criticism,  therefore,  for  those 
who  chose  the  fireside  instead  of  the  battlefield;  but  when  they 
make  their  choice,  they  should  not  question  the  courage  or  rail 
at  the  embarrassments  of  those  wrho  go  out  to  battle  for  them ; 
and  who  try  to  do  their  best. 

The  man  who  can  stand  firm  under  his  first  volley  of  musketry, 
and  amid  the  shriek  of  shrapnel,  is  rare  indeed.  If  he  rallies 
and  goes  on,  he  is  to  be  hailed  as  a  hero;  his  first  moment  of 
thought  for  his  life  and  for  those  he  may  leave  behind  is  not  to 
be  magnified  into  an  act  of  cowardice.  It  shouldn't  be  necessary 
that  his  life  blood  should  have  to  attest  his  patriotism  and  his 
courage,  at  least  in  the  eyes  of  his  countrymen. 

Thus  believing,  I  wrote  as  I  felt  about  the  Seventy-first.  I  saw 
them  that  day  under  that  cruel  fire  from  a  concealed  enemy, 
helplessly  huddled  together  in  a  road  not  fifteen  feet  wide.  I  did 
not  know  that  my  letters  had  been  given  a  place  in  Dr.  Vande- 
water's  history  of  the  regiment.  Someone  told  me  casually  a 
year  or  so  ago  that  the  regiment  had  the  letters  in  their  scrap- 
book  ;  that  is  all  I  ever  heard." 

ENTERPRISE  OF  THE  CORRESPONDENTS. 

The  New  York  Herald,  long  before  the  war,  had  made  arrange 
ments  for  covering  events  in  the  Caribbean  sea,  the  Philippines 
and  on  the  coast  of  Spain.  When  war  was  declared  it  had  two 
despatch  boats  moving  between  Cuba  and  Key  West,  and  another 


316  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

at  St.  Thomas  watching  developments  in  Porto  Rico.  The  bom 
bardment  of  the  fortifications  at  Matanzas  was  the  first  engage 
ment  of  the  war,  and  Herald  men  witnessed  it  at  close  range 
from  the  deck  of  the  steam  pilot  boat  Summers  N.  Smith.  They 
scored  the  first  "  beat "  of  the  war.  When  Cervera's  squadron 
sailed  from  the  Canaries  the  Herald  chartered  a  steamship  and 
followed  it  for  a  day,  the  course  showing  that  it  was  bound  across 
the  Atlantic.  It  had  a  man  on  the  bridge  of  the  Olympia  when 
Dewey  fought  the  battle  of  Manila  Bay.  The  despatch  boat 
Mindora  carried  the  only  story  printed  in  the  States  next  day 
of  the  landing  of  Shatters  army  and  the  only  news  of  the  fight 
ing  before  Santiago  on  July  1  that  was  printed  anywhere  on 
July  2.  The  despatch  boat  Golden  Rod  brought  to  Port  Antonio, 
Jamaica,  the  first  story  of  the  destruction  of  Cervera's  squadron, 
which  was  covered  at  an  expense  of  $5,500,  and  reached  New 
York  ten  hours  ahead  of  any  other  newspaper  report.  The 
Herald's  forces  in  the  West  Indies  were  in  charge  of  Henry  S. 
Brown,  who  was  called  from  his  work  as  Albany  correspondent 
the  day  after  the  Maine  was  blown  up.  The  other  members  of 
the  Herald'-s  war  staff  were :  Walter  S.  Meriwether,  Leo  L.  Red 
ding,  Hamilton  S.  Peltz,  E.  W.  McCready,  E.  H.  Sheehan,  John 
Mitchell,  Richard  Harding  Davis,  Thomas  F.  Millard,  Nicholas 
Biddle,  E.  K.  Coulter,  Ramon  Alvarez,  F.  H.  Nichols,  Rutherford 
Corbin  and  Houlder  Hudgins.  J.  L.  Stickney  was  with  Dewey. 
H.  G.  Dart  and  W.  O.  Wilson  were  artists  at  the  front.  As  show 
ing  the  amount  of  travel  necessary  to  transport  dispatches,  it 
can  be  stated  that  the  despatch  boat  Smith,  Capt.  F.  M.  Dunn, 
was  continuously  in  service  for  more  than  five  months,  and  in 
all  kinds  of  weather  covered  more  than  25,000  miles,  carrying 


STATE  HISTORIAN.  317 

news  or  searching  for  it.  The  Herald  sent  the  first  boat  into 
Santiago  after  the  surrender  and  the  first  into  Havana.  In 
all  it  had  seven  steamships  chartered  at  one  time  and  another, 
and  the  total  expenses  were  nearly  $250,000. 

The  work  performed  by  the  principal  newspapers  throughout 
the  country  during  the  progress  of  the  Spanish  War,  not  only  in 
the  Atlantic,  but  in  the  Pacific,  is  unparalleled  in  enterprise  in 
the  history  of  journalism.  Many  newspapers,  daily,  weekly,  illus 
trated  and  serial,  were  represented  at  the  front  by  its  own  special 
correspondent  and  their  own  chartered  vessel. 

Very  often  the  navy  impressed  newspaper  vessels  as  despatch 
boats,  and  commanders  of  American  warships  spoke  invariably 
of  the  cheerful  willingness  and  alacrity  with  which  the  corre 
spondents  lived  up  to  naval  regulations  and  in  their  faithful 
observance  of  naval  restrictions.  In  fact,  the  co-operation  be 
tween  the  newspapers  and  the  naval  department  reflects  the 
highest  credit  upon  both,  when  it  is  considered  the  natural  anti 
pathy  that  army  and  navy  officers  entertain  toward  dissemina 
tors  of  news  in  time  of  war.  In  addition  to  the  names  already 
mentioned  in  the  narrative  of  the  Seventy-first  Regiment,  credit 
should  also  be  given  to  brilliant  correspondents  who  achieved 
great  distinction  for  the  papers  which  they  represented  and  who 
added  to  their  own  reputations.  Among  the  men  included  in 
this  class  were  the  late  Julian  Ralph  of  Harpers  Weekly,  Stephen 
Crane  and  W.  J.  Chamberlain  of  the  Sun. 

Others  who  survived  the  war,  having  added  to  their  reputations 
as  able  newspaper  men  were :  Louis  Siebold  of  the  World,  James 
Creelman  who  was  wounded  at  El  Caney;  George  Edward  Gra 
ham  of  the  Associated  Press,  who  described  the  loss  of  the 


318  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

Spanish  fleet  from  the  deck  of  the  Brooklyn,  where  he  repeatedly, 
recklessly  exposed  his  life  against  the  Avarnings  of  Admiral 
Schley;  Edward  Marshall  of  the  Journal,  who  was  seriously 
wounded  in  the  spine,  at  San  Juan  Hill,  and  whose  both  legs 
were  subsequently  amputated;  Franklyn  Clarkin  of  the  Evening 
Post;  Anthony  Fiala  of  the  Brooklyn  Eagle;  Ervin  Wardman 
of  the  Press;  Stephen  Bonsai,  Grover  Flint,  the  venerable  Murat 
Halstead,  Alexander  C.  Kenealy,  Oscar  King  Davis  of  the  Sun, 
John  Fox  jr.  Posterity  will  be  indebted  to  such  distinguished 
artists  as  Frederick  Remington,  Rufus  F.  Zogbaum,  Carlton  T. 
Chapman,  for  the  excellent  illustrations  that  will  forever  per 
petuate  the  magnificent  work  of  the  navy  and  the  glorious  deeds 
of  the  army  during  this  war. 


FINIS. 


INDEX 


1st  Regiment  New  York  State  Volunteers. 


For  the  sake  of  convenience,  each  one  of  the  five  military  organizations  included  in  this 
report,  has  been  indexed  separately.  The  general  index  which  embraces  the  entire  report 
begins  on  page  381.  —  STATE  HISTORIAN. 


PAGE 

ALAMEDA,    mail    steamer 24 

Alaska 41 

Albany,  New  York 18,  29,  39 

Tenth  Battalion,  com 
panies  A,  B,  C  &  D,  of . .  .  17 

Alliance,  steamship  22 

Annexation       ceremonies,       of 
transfer  of  Hawaiian  Islands 

to  United  States  23 

Apache  Indians   44 

Arizona,  ship   23 

Ashley,    Maurice    Cavileer,    as 
sistant  surgeon...    19,  20,  21,  25 

Atlantic,  division  of  the 40,  41 

Australia,  mail  steamer 24 

BAILEY,  PRIVATE  EDWARD 

A.,   company  B,   died 29 

Barber,     Colonel     Merritt,     as 
sistant    adjutant-general,    U. 

S.  A 31,     32 

Barber,  Colonel  Thomas  H 20 

21,  22,  23,  24,  31,     32 
33,  34,  36,  37,     41 
appointed      colonel      First 

Reg-.,  National  Guard. ...     18 
formally     accepted     colors 
presented     to     his     regi 
ment   19 

promoted  brigadier-gen 
eral,  United  States  Vol 
unteers  27 

abuse   of,   uncalled   for....     37 

military  record  of 39-42 

mustered         out         United 

States   service    42 

Barry,    Thomas    H.,    A.    A.    G., 

U/S.  A 33 

Baxter,  First  Lieutenant  Alex 
ander  Gillespie,  company  L. .     26 
Beardslee,   Private   Burton  M., 
company   F,   died 29 


PAGE 

Belgium 40 

Big  Horn  mountains,  Wyo 
ming  41 

Binghamton,  New  York,  Twen 
tieth  Separate  Company, 
Seventeenth  Battalion  of....  17 

Black,  Governor  Frank  S 18 

Boardman,    Second   Lieutenant 

Fred  W.,  company  G 26 

Boice,   First   Lieutenant    Chas. 

Henry,   company  F 26 

British  Columbia  ". 41 

Brooklyn,  New  York 39 

Burton,      Sergeant-Major      Ed 
ward  H 21 

second  lieutenant,  com 
pany  B  25 

sergeant-major,  promoted 
to  second  lieutenant, 
company  B 28 

CALIFORNIA 35 

California   regiment    32 

Callanaii,  Private  John  J.,  Jr., 
company  A,  promoted  see- 
lieutenant,  203rd  New  York 

Volunteers 27 

Camp  Alger,  Virginia 32 

Camp         Black,         Hempstead 

Plains,   Long  Island 18 

19,  30,  31  37 
Camp       McKinley,       Hawaiian 

Islands 22,  23,  29,  30 

Camp  Merritt,  California 21 

Camp  Presidio,  San  Francisco, 

California 21 

Canada,  Dominion  of 41 

Carter,     Private      Charles     F., 

company   G,   died 29 

Charles  Nelson,  packet 21 

Chase,   Major  James  T 19 

20,  21,  28 


320      INDEX  —  FIRST  REGIMENT,  N.  Y.  STATE  VOLUNTEERS. 


PAGE 

Chase,  James  T.,  resigned 27 

military  record  of 43 

mustered  in  United  States 

service 43 

retired 43 

Chicago,  Illinois    20 

Chicago       and       Northwestern 

Railroad 20 

Chickamauga,  Georgia  31 

Colorado  troops   21 

Commissioned  officers  of  First 
Regiment       Infantry,       New 
York  Volunteers,  list  of...   25-29 
Company   A,   Tenth   Battalion, 
became     company     A,     First 
Regiment  National  Guard...     18 
Company    A,    First    Regiment, 
Infantry,  New  York  Vol 
unteers  19 

20,  22,  23,  24,  25,  27,     29 
became       Fifth       Separate 

Company 43 

Company    A,    Fifty-sixth    New 

York  Volunteers    43 

Company   B,   Tenth   Battalion, 
became     company     B,     First 
Regiment,  National  Guard...     18 
Company    B,    First    Regiment, 

New  York  Volunteers 39 

20,  21,  22,  23,  24,  25,  27,  28,     29 
Company  B,  Tenth  Regiment . .     42 
Company    C,    Tenth   Battalion, 
became     company     C,     First 
Regiment,   National    Guard..     18 
Company    C,    First    Regiment, 

New  York  Volunteers 19 

20,  21,  22,  23,  24,  25,     29 
Company   D,   Tenth   Battalion, 
became     company     D,     First 
liegiment,   National   Guard..     18 
Company    D,    First    Regiment 
Infantry,    New   York   Volun 
teers....    19,  20,  22,  23,  24,  25,     29 
Company    D,    Nineteenth    New 

York  State  Militia 43 

Company    E,    First    Regiment 
Infantry,   New   York   Volun 
teers.  .  19,  20,  22,  23,  24,  26,  28,     29 
Company    F,     First    Regiment 
Infantry,   New   York   Volun 
teers....  19,  20,  22,  23,  24,  26,     29 
Company    G,    First    Regiment 
Infantry,   New  York  Volun 
teers 19,  20,  22,  23,  24,  26,     29 

Company      G,      One     Hundred 
Sixty-eighth         New         York 

Volunteers 43 

Company  H,  First  Regiment 
Infantry,  New  York  Vol 
unteers 20 

21,  22,  23,  24,  26,     30 


PAGE 

Company  H,  First  Regiment 
Infantry,  New  York  Vol 
unteers,  in  measles  quar 
antine  19 

joined       headquarters       at 
Fort       Columbus,       New 

York  harbor 19 

Company  I,  First  Regiment 
Infantry,  New  York  Volun 
teers  19 

20,  21,  22,  23,  24,  26,  28,     30 
Company     K,    First    Regiment 
Infantry,   New   York   Volun 
teers  19 

20,  21,  22,  23,  24,  26,  28,  30,     44 
Company    L,     First    Regiment 
Infantry,   New   York   Volun 
teers.  .  19,  20,  21,  22,  23,  24,  26,     30 
Company    M,    First    Regiment 
Infantry,   New   York   Volun 
teers  19 

20,  21,   22,   23,  24,  27,     30 
Corbin,     Henry     C.,     adjutant- 
general,  U.  S.  A 32,     33 

Cowles,     Private     George     H., 

company  H   21 

died 30 

Crouch,  Corporal  Herbert  A., 
company  M,  died 30 

DAVIS,  SURGEON  CHARLES 

E 19,  20,  22 

resigned 27 

Decker,  Second  Lieutenant 
Abraham  Lincoln,  com 
pany  I 20,  26 

promoted   to  first   lieuten 
ant,  company  1 28 

Department  of  California 34 

36,  37 

Department  of  the  East...   19,  20 
Department  of  the  Missouri...  44 
Diamond   Head,   Hawaiian   Isl 
ands  22,  23 

District  of  Hawaii 23 

Division  of  the  Atlantic 40,  41 

Dole,  Sanford  B.,  President  of 

Hawaiian  Islands   38 

EDWARDS,  BATTALION  AD 
JUTANT  FRANK  BURCH, 

discharged 27 

Eighth  Army  Corps,  First 
Brigade,  Independent  Divi 
sion  21 

Emmet,  Major  Robert  Tem 
ple 19,  20,  22,  24,  25 

military  record  of 43-44 

award  medal  of  honor 44 

resigned   44 

England 40 


INDEX  —  FIRST  REGIMENT,  N.  Y.  STATE  VOLUNTEERS.      321 


Erie   Eailroad 
Europe  


PAGE 

.      20 
40 


FERGUSON,  CAPTAIN  URSIL 

A.,  company  G 22,     26 

Field,     Major    Edward,     U.     S. 

A  .  .' 24,     36 

report  of,  regarding  First 

Eegiment 34-39 

extract  from  report  of..   37-39 
Field  service,  telegrams  relat 
ing  to   32-34 

Fifth  Separate  Company, 
Twelfth  Battalion,  of 

Newburgh 17 

became    company   L,    First 

Regiment 18 

Fifteenth  Separate  Company, 
Twelfth  Battalion,  of 

Poughkeepsie 17 

became   company   K,   First 

Eegiment 18 

Fifteenth  Separate  Company..     44 
First    Eegiment,    artillery,    U. 

S.  A 39,  40,     42 

First  Eegiment,  infantry,  New 
York  National  Guard, 
composed  of  organiza 
tions  of  the  Third  Brig 
ade  17,  18,  156 

medical  examination  of  of 
ficers  and  enlisted  men..     18 
mustered       into        United 

States  service 19 

became  First  Eegiment  In 
fantry,  New  York  Volun 
teers  19 

First  Eegiment  Infantry,  New 

York   Volunteers    22 

23,  32,  33,  34,     36 
37,  39,  42,  43,     44 

history  of 17-45 

colors     presented     to,     bv 

Talbot  Olyphant 19 

colors  accepted  bv  Colonel 

Thomas  H.   Barber 19 

except     company     H,     left 

Camp   Black    19 

in  New  York  harbor  forts, 

received  301  recruits 20 

inspected  by  Major  Ed 
ward  Field,  U.  S.  A 24 

ordered  to  return  to  home 

station 24 

mustered     out     of     United 

States  service 24 

commissioned  officers  of..  25-29 

field  and  staff  officers 25 

list  of  officers  who  re 
signed  prior  to  muster- 
out  of  regiment 27 

21 


PAGE 

First  Eegiment  Infantry,  New 

York  Volunteers: 
list    of    those    transferred 
prior    to    muster-out    of 

regiment 27 

list     of     those     promoted 
prior    to    muster-out    of 

regiment 27-29 

enlisted  men  of,  who  died 

in  the  service 29-31 

official   correspondence   re 
lating  to    31 

review  and  inspection...   34-37 

.drills,   exercises,  etc 35 

police 35 

behavior 36 

instruction 36 

company  A: 

commissioned      officers 

of 25 

enlisted    men    of,    who 

died  in  the  service .  .     29 
company   B: 

commissioned      officers 

of 25 

enlisted    men    of,    who 

died  in  the  service..     29 
company   C: 

commissioned      officers 

of 25 

enlisted    men    of,    who 

died  in  the  service..     29 
company  D: 

commissioned      officers 

of 25 

enlisted    men    of,    who 

died  in  the  service..     29 
company  E: 

commissioned      officers 

of 26 

enlisted    men    of,    who 

died  in  the  service . .     29 
company  F: 

commissioned      officers 

of 26 

enlisted    men    of,    who 

died  in  the  service..     29 
company  G: 

commissioned      officers 

of 26 

enlisted    men    of,    who 

died  in  the  service..  29-30 
company  H: 

commissioned      officers 

of 26 

enlisted    men    of,    who 

died  in  the  service...     30 
company  I: 

commissioned      officers 

of 26 

enlisted    men    of,    who 
died  in  the  service...     30 


322   INDEX  —  FIRST  REGIMENT,  N.  Y.  STATE  VOLUNTEERS. 


PAGE 

First  Regiment  Infantry,  New 

York  Volunteers: 
company  K: 

commissioned      officers 

of 26 

enlisted    men    of,    who 

died  in  the  service. . .     30 
company  L: 

commissioned      officers 

of 26 

enlisted    men    of,    who 

died  in  the  service...     30 
company  M: 

commissioned      officers 

of 27 

enlisted    men    of,    who 

died  in  the  service...     30 
Flower,  Governor  Koswell  P..     42 

Fort  Adams,  Rhode  Island 40 

Fort  Columbus,  New  York  har 
bor  19,  20,     41 

Fort    Hamilton,    Long    Island 

side  of  the  Narrows 19 

20,  31,     39 

Fort  Logan,  Colorado 30 

Fort  Niobrara,  Nebraska 44 

Fort  Union,  New  Mexico 44 

Fort  Wadsworth,  Staten  Island 
side  of  the  Narrows..    19,  20,     31 

Fort  Whipple,  Virginia 40 

Forty-fourth     Separate     Com 
pany,   of   Utica 17 

became   company  E,   First 

Regiinent IS 

Fourteenth       Separate       Com 
pany,  Twelfth  Battalion, 

of  Kingston   17 

became  company  M,   First 

Regiment 18 

Fowler,       Second      Lieutenant 

Joseph  M.,  company  M..     27 
first  sergeant,  promoted  to 
second    lieutenant,    com 
pany  M  28 

France 40 

Frank,  General  Royal  T.,  U.  S. 
A 31,     32 

GENERAL     MEIGS,     govern 
ment  boat  19 

Germany 40 

Glasby,    Private    Albert,    com 
pany  H,  died 30 

Goodale,      Second     Lieutenant 

James  R.,  company  E...     26 
sergeant-major,     promoted 
to      second      lieutenant, 

company  E    28 

Goodier,  Captain  Lewis  E.,  pro 
moted    major    203d    New 

York  Volunteers    27 

mentioned  .  28 


PAGE 

Goodrich,  Sergeant  William, 
company  C,  died 29 

Governors  Island,  New  York 
harbor 31,  32,  41 

Gracie,  Captain  William  B., 
company  D 25 

Gresham,  First  Lieutenant 
Christopher,  company  C 25 

Griffith,  First  Lieutenant  and 
Assistant  Surgeon  Lewis 
Theophilus. .  19,  20,  21,  23,  24,  25 

HANCOCK,  MAJOR=GENERAL 

WINFIELD  SCOTT 40,    41 

Hawaii,   district   of 23 

Hawaiian  Islands 32 

annexation  ceremonies  of 
transfer  to  United 

States 23 

Hempstead  Plains,  Long  Isl 
and,  New  York 18,  31 

Hilo,   Island   of  Hawaii 23,     30 

Hinman,      Second      Lieutenant 

Charles  N.,  company  H 26 

Hitchcock,      Captain      Charles 

Henry,  company  H 26 

Hogan,        Hospital        Steward 

Joseph  Frederick   21 

Holland 40 

Honolulu,  Hawaiian  Islands...     21 
22,  23,  29,  30,  32,  33,  34,     37 

Board  of  Health  of 38 

Civil  Sanitary  Commission, 

report    of 38-39 

post   of 34,     36 

Honolulu  harbor 22 

Hospital  corps 21 

Huhne,  First  Lieutenant  John 

A,  company  M 27 

second  lieutenant,  pro 
moted  to  first  lieuten 
ant  company  M 28 

IDAHO 41 

Independent      Division,     First 

Brigade,  Eighth  Army  Corps,  21 

Indian  scouts 44 

Ireland 40 

Irwin  Tract,  Hawaiian  Islands,  22 

Italy 40 

JERSEY  CITY,  NEW  JER 
SEY  20 

KAPIOLANI  PARK,  Hawaiian 
Islands 21,  22,  37 

Kilauea,  Hawaiian  Islands, 
volcano  of 23 

King,  B  r  i  g  a  d  i  e  r-General 
Charles 23,  26 

Kingston,  Fourteenth  Separate 
Company,  Twelfth  Battalion 
of  .  17 


INDEX  —  FIRST  REGIMENT,  N.  Y.  STATE  VOLUNTEERS.   323 


PAGE 

Knox,  Assistant  Inspector- 
General  Thomas  T.,  U.  S. 
A 34,  36 

LANQFITT,  MAJOR  WILLIAM 
C.,  U.  S.  A 23 

Las  Animas  canon,  New  Mex 
ico  44 

Lennon,  Private  Thomas  F., 
company  A,  died 29 

Long  Island  City 19 

MANILA,  Philippine  Islands..     21 

Manson,        Captain        William 

Dixon,  company  B 25 

first    lieutenant,   promoted 
captain  company  B 28 

Mapes,  Second  Lieutenant  Wil 
liam  H.,  company  L 26 

Mariposa,   steamer 22 

Martin,  Captain  James  Curtis, 
company  F 26 

Mather,  First  Lieutenant  Ad 
rian  W.,  company  A 25 

McCarty,  Private  Webster, 
company  A,  died 29 

Mclntyre,  Captain  Amos  E., 
company  1 26 

McMillan,  Second  Lieutenant 
Howard  Udell,  company  A..  25 

Merriam,  Major-General  Henry 
C.,  U.  S.  A 23 

Merritt,  Major-General  Wesley, 
U.  S.  A..'. 32 

Middletown,  Twenty-fourth 
Separate  Company 17 

Minnesota  troops 21 

Moore,  Private  Hudson  B., 
company  L,  died 30 

Mott-Smith,  Minister 38 

NATIONAL      GUARD,      NEW 

YORK,  Third  Brigade...     17 
First    Regiment    Infantry, 
composed   of   organi 
zations  of  the  Third 

Brigade  17,  18,  156 

medical  examination 
of  officers  and  en 
listed  men 18 

mustered      in      United 

States  service 19 

became  First  Regiment 
Infantry,  New  York 

Volunteers  19 

Twelfth  Regiment 39 

Newburgh,  Fifth  Separate 
Company,  Twelfth  Battalion 

of 17 

Newcomb,  First  Sergeant  Ed 
ward  T.,  company  A,  pro 
moted  second  lieutenant 
202nd  New  York  Volunteers,  27 


PAGE 

New  Hawaiian  post 21 

New   Mexico 44 

Newport  Harbor,  Rhode  Island,     40 
New  York: 

harbor 19,     31 

city 34,     36 

New  \ork  National   Guard: 

Third  Brigade 17 

First  Regiment  Infantry, 
composed  of  organiza 
tions  of  the  Third  Brig 
ade  17,  18,  156 

medical     examinations     of 

officers  and  enlisted  men,     18 
mustered        into        United 

States  service 19 

became  First  Regiment  In 
fantry,  New  York  Volun 
teers" 19 

Twelfth  Regiment 39 

New  York  State 17 

18,   19,   24,   31,     39 

adjutant-general 39 

Nineteenth  Militia,  com 
pany  D 43 

New  York  Volunteers: 

First  Regiment  Infantry..  22 
23,  32,  33,  34,  30 
37,  39,  42,  43,  44 

history    of 17-45 

colors  presented  to,  by 

Talbot  Olyphant 19 

colors  accepted  by 
Colonel  Thomas  H. 

Barber 19 

except  company  H,  left 

Camp  Black    19 

in  New  York  harbor 
forts,  received  301  re 
cruits  20 

inspected  by  Major  Ed 
ward  Field,  U.  S.  A..     24 
ordered    to    return    to 

home  station   24 

mustered  out  of  United 

States  service 24 

commissioned      officers 

of 25-29 

field  and  staff  officers,     25 
list  of  officers  who  re 
signed  prior  to  mus 
ter-out    of   regiment,     27 
list     of     those     trans 
ferred  prior  to  mus 
ter-out    of   regiment,     27 
list  of  those  promoted 
prior    to    muster-out 

of  regiment 27-29 

enlisted    men    of,    who 

died  in  the  service..   29-31 
official    correspondence 
relating  to 31 


324      INDEX  —  FIRST  REGIMENT,  N.  Y.  STATE  VOLUNTEERS. 


PAGE 

New  York  Volunteers: 

First  Regiment  Infantry: 
review       and       inspec 
tion  34-37 

drills,  exercises,  etc...     35 

police 35 

behavior 36 

instruction 36 

company  A: 

commissioned    offi 
cers  of 25 

enlisted      men      of, 
who    died    in    the 

service 29 

company  B: 

commissioned    offi 
cers  of 25 

enlisted  men  of, 
who  died  in  the 

service 29 

company  C: 

commissioned  offi 
cers  of 25 

enlisted  men  of, 
who  died  in  the 

service 29 

company  D: 

commissioned  offi 
cers  of 25 

enlisted  men  of, 
who  died  in  the 

service 29 

company  E: 

commissioned  offi 
cers  of 26 

enlisted  men  of, 
who  died  in  the 

service 29 

company  F: 

commissioned  offi 
cers  of 26 

enlisted  men  of, 
who  died  in  the 

service 29 

company   G: 

commissioned  offi 
cers  of 26 

enlisted  men  of, 
who  died  in  the 

service 29-30 

company  H: 

commissioned  offi 
cers  of 26 

enlisted  men  of, 
who  died  in  the 

service 30 

company  I: 

commissioned  offi 
cers  of 26 

enlisted  men  of, 
who  died  in  the 
service 30 


PAGE 
New  York  Volunteers: 

First  Regiment  Infantry: 
company  K: 

commissioned    offi 
cers  of 26 

enlisted      men      of, 
who    died   in    the 

service 30 

company  L: 

commissioned    offi 
cers  of 26 

enlisted      men      of, 
who    died   in    the 

service 30 

company  M: 

commissioned     offi 
cers  of 27 

enlisted      men      of, 
who   died   in    the 

service 30 

202nd  Regiment 27 

Nickinson,    Second    Lieutenant 

Albert  E.,  company  1 26 

sergeant,  promoted  to  sec 
ond  lieutenant,  com 
pany  I  28 

Ninth  Cavalry,  U.  S.  A 43,     44 

OAHU,  ISLAND  OF 23 

Ogden,  Utah  21 

Ojo   Caliente,   New   Mexico....     44 
Oliver,        Second        Lieutenant 

Edward,  company  C 25 

Oliver,  Brigadier-General  Rob 
ert     Shaw,     commanding 

Third   Brigade    17,     18 

ordered    to    organize    two 

regiments 17 

Olyphant,  Talbot,  presented 
colors  to  First  Regiment  In 
fantry,  New  York  Volun 
teers  19 

Omaha,  Nebraska 20 

Oneonta,  Third  Separate  Com 
pany  of 17 

Oothoudt,     Second    Lieutenant 

Arthur  E.,  company  F 26 

Otis,  Major-General  Elwell  S., 
U.  S.  A 32,  33,  34 

PALMER,    CAPTAIN    FRANK 

ROCKWELL,  company  A ....     25 
Peet,   Private  George  L.,   com 
pany  G.,  died 30 

Philippines 32,     33 

Pickard,    Captain    Arthur    W., 

company  E    26 

first    lieutenant,    promoted 

to  captain,  company  E. .     28 
Pope,    Major-General   John,    U. 
S.   A    44 


INDEX  —  FIRST  REGIMENT,  N.  Y.  STATE  VOLUNTEERS.      325 


PAGE 

Porter,    Private    Clarence    H., 

company  H,  died 30 

Post  hospital,  Hawaiian  Isl 
ands  37 

Poughkeepsie,  Fifteenth  Sep 
arate  Company  17 

Presidio,  San  Francisco,  Cali 
fornia  24,  29 

regiment  moved  to 21 

camp 21 

RACE  TRACK,  CAMP,  Ha 
waiian  Islands  22 

Ramsay  (Ramsey),  Captain 
and  Assistant  Surgeon  George 
D.,  promoted  surgeon  Sixty- 
ninth  U.  S.  Volunteers 27 

Rappe,  Private  Charles  G., 
company  B 21 

Read,  Private  James  H.,  Jr., 
company  E,  died 29 

Reagan,  Corporal  Michael  J., 
company  B,  promoted  sec 
ond  lieutenant  202nd  New 
York  Volunteers 27 

Revolution,  Sons  of  the,  pre 
sent  colors  to  the  regiment,  19 

Roach,  Captain  James  Edward, 
company  C  25 

SAGUE,  FIRST  LIEUTEN= 
ANT  CLARENCE,  com 
pany  K  26 

second       lieutenant,       pro 
moted  to  first  lieutenant 

company  K   28 

Sague,  Major  John  K 24,  25 

captain,         promoted         to 

major 28 

military   record    of 44 

mustered  out 44 

St.   Paul,    steamer 21 

San  Francisco,  California 20 

21,  22,  24,  32,  33,  34,  37 

harbor 22 

Sawyer,      Private     James     H., 

company  D,  died 29 

Scandia,  United  States  troop 
ship  22 

hospital   ship    24 

Schwartz,   Chaplain  Karl 19 

20,  22,   25,  37 

Scotland 40 

Scott,  Major  Walter..  19,  20,  22,  24 

lieutenant-colonel 25 

promoted      to     lieutenant- 
colonel  27 

military  record  of 43 

retired 43 

Second     Regiment,     Volunteer 

Engineers 22,  23 


PAGE 

Seventeenth   Battalion: 

Third    Separate    Company, 
,  Twentieth  Separate  Com 
pany  Thirty-third  Separ 
ate  Company 17,     43 

Sheehan,     Captain     James     F., 

company   L    26 

Shoshone    mountains,     Wyom 
ing  ; 41 

Sixteenth    Separate    Company, 

Twelfth  Battalion    17 

Slater,  Second  Lieutenant  Lu 
cius  J.,  company  K 26 

first     sergeant,     promoted 
to       second       lieutenant 

company  K 28 

Smith,        Second        Lieutenant 

James  Ezra,  company  D..  22,     25 
Sons  of  the  Revolution,  present 

colors  to  the  regiment 19 

South  Dakota  troops 21 

Southern  Pacific  Railway 21 

Spain 40,     42 

Springsteen,    Private    John   V., 

company  G,  died 30 

Staats,          Captain          Charles 

Bleecker 28 

resigned 27 

Staats,  First  Lieutenant  Harry 

Caleb,    company   B.  . .   20,     25 
second       lieutenant,       pro 
moted  to  first  lieutenant 

company  B    28 

Stacpole,  Major  Horatio  Pot 
ter 19,  20,  22,  24 

appointed     lieutenant-colo 
nel   18 

mentioned 25 

promoted  to  colonel 27 

military  record  of 42 

died 42 

Staten  Island   19 

Strevell,  Lieutenant  Clarence, 
regimental  adjutant  com 
pany  E 22,  24,  25 

promoted      to      regimental 

adjutant 28 

Switzerland 40 

TAYLOR,     PRIVATE     CARL= 

TON  W.,  company  A,  died. . .     29 
Tenth  Battalion,  companies  A, 

B,  C,  D,  of  Albany 17,  18,     42 

Tenth       Regiment,       National 

Guard 42 

Terry,  First  Lieutenant  David, 

company  M   28 

resigned 27 

Third        Regiment       Artillery, 

United  States  Army 24 

Third    Separate    Company,     of 

Oneonta 17,     43 


326     INDEX  —  FIRST  KEGIMENT,  N.  Y.  STATE  VOLUNTEERS. 


PAGE 

Third  Separate  Company,  of 
Oneonta,  became  company 

G,  First  Regiment 18 

Thirty-third      Separate      Com 
pany,  of  Walton 17 

became   company   F,    First 

Eegiment  .1   18 

Thompson,  Private  Charles  H., 

company  H,  died 30 

Tompkins,  Captain  Robert  Ful 
ton,  company  M 27 

Tucker,  First  Lieutenant  Her 
man  Alvin,  company  G 26 

Twelfth  Battalion: 

Fifth,  Fourteenth,  Fif 
teenth,  Sixteenth  and 
Twenty-fourth  Separate 

Companies 17,     43 

Twelfth     Regiment,     National 

Guard,  New  York 39 

Twentieth   Separate   Company, 

of  Binghamton   17 

became   company  H,   First 

Regiment 18 

Twenty-fourth    Separate    Com 
pany,  of  Middletown. . . .     17 
became    company    I,    First 

Regiment 18 

Two  Hundred  and  Second, 
New  York  Volunteers 27 

UNION  PACIFIC  RAILROAD. .  20 

United  States  41 

Adjutant-General 32 

33,  34,  39 

annexation  ceremonies  of 
transfer  of  Hawaiian 

Islands  to 23 

United  States  Army 33,  34,  36 

First  Artillery 39,  40,  42 

Third  Artillery   24 

United  States  Military  Aca 
demy 39,  40,  41,  42,  43 

United  States  service 42,  43 

United  States  Volunteers 33 

34,  42 

Ute   expedition    44 

Utica,     Forty-fourth     Separate 

Company  of    17 

VAN  QAASBECK  (Van  Gaas- 
beek),  Sergeant  Walter  E., 
company  M,  died 30 


PAGE 
Van    Iveuren,    Private    George, 

company  M,  died 30 

Volunteer     Engineers,     Second 

Regiment 22,     23 

Vossler   Captain   Wilbur,   com 
pany  K   26 

first   lieutenant,    promoted 
to  captain  Company  K. .     28 

WAIELAE,  Hawaiian  Islands, 

23,     24 

Wallace,   George   Ernest,   com 
pany  I  28 

second  lieutenant  company 

I,  resigned 27 

Walton,    Third-third    Separate 

Company 17 

Wands,    Private    Robert,    com 
pany  C,  died 29 

War  Department 34,  36,     40 

War,   Secretary  of 32,     33 

Wardell,    Private    Fred,    com 
pany  K,  died 30 

Washington,  D.  C 32 

33,  34,  36,  39,     40 
Weller,     Private      Alfred      C., 

company  I,  died 30 

Wells,     Private     Granville     I., 

company  M,  died 30 

West      Point,      Military      Aca 
demy 39,  41,  42,     43 

Wheeler,     Private     Oscar     R., 

company  E,  died 29 

Wheelock,      First      Lieutenant 

William  F.,  company  D 25 

Winthrop,       Lieutenant        and 
Regimental       Quartermaster 

Bronson 21,   23,  24,     25 

Wood,  First  Lieutenant  Frank 
lin  Thomas,  company  E,     26 
second      lieutenant,      pro 
moted  to  first  lieutenant 

company  E 28 

Woodbeck,      Private      Burton, 

company  G,   died 30 

Worthing,      First      Lieutenant 
Harry  P.,  company  H 26 

YELLOWSTONE    PARK,    Wy 
oming  41 

Yorktown,  Virginia 40 

Young,  Minister 38 


INDEX. 


2d  Regiment  New  York  Slate  Volunteers. 


For  the  sake  of  convenience,  each  one  of  the  five  military  organizations  included  in  this 
report  has  been  indexed  separately.  The  general  index  which  embraces  the  entire  report  be 
gins  on  page  381.— STATK  HISTORIAN. 


PAGE 

ALBANY,  New  York 73 

Alden,  Quartermaster  George 
M.,  Thirteenth  Battalion, 
National  Guard,  New 

York 47 

mustered  in  as  captain  and 
quartermaster,  Second 
Regiment  Infantry,  New 

York  Volunteers 70 

mustered     out     of     United 

States  service 82 

Aldrich,  Lieutenant  Bishop  L., 

company  K   47 

second  lieutenant  National 
Guard,  not  mustered  into 

company  K   48 

Allen,      Private      Charles      W., 

company  M,  died 68 

Allen,     Sergeant      Elisha     M., 

company  I,  injured 58 

Amsterdam,  New  York 79 

Second  Regiment  Infantry, 
New  York  Volunteers, 
company  H,  Forty-sixth 
Separate  Company  of...  49 

State  armory  81 

Andrews,    Captain    James    M., 

Jr.,    company   E 49 

Atlanta,  Georgia 68,  70,     71 

Averill  Park,  New  York 71 

74,     75 

BAHME,     PRIVATE     FELIX, 

company  D,  died 76 

Baker,      Private     Charles     N., 

company  C,  died 68 

Baker,       Second        Lieutenant 

William,  company  C 48 

Balch,  Major  Lewis,  assistant 
surgeon-general,  New 
York,  mustered  in  as 
surgeon 45 


PAGE 

Balch,  Major  Lewis,  major  and 
acting  assistant  surgeon- 
general  47 

assigned  to  duty  as  acting 

chief   surgeon    52 

organized  Division  Hospi 
tal  and  Ambulance  Com 
pany  52 

surgeon,     appointed     chief 

surgeon 56 

ordered    to    report    to    his 

regiment 66 

commissioned  brigade  sur 
geon,  United  States  Vol 
unteers  82 

resigned 82 

Baltimore,   Maryland    51 

Baltimore    and   Ohio   Railroad,     51 
Baltimore  and  Ohio  Southwest 
ern  Railway   51 

Barnival,     Corporal     John     J., 

company  C,  injured 58 

Bartholomew,  Second  Lieuten 
ant  Alanson  D.,  company  I..  49 

61 

Bauder,  Captain  Frank,  com 
pany  F  49 

Baum,  Dr.  Henry  C.,  Forty- 
first  Separate  Company, 
Syracuse,  mustered  in  as 

assistant  surgeon    45 

captain,  commissioned 

major  and  surgeon,  Sec 
ond  Regiment,  New  York 

Volunteers 82 

mustered  out 82 

Bauth,  Private  E.  F.,  company 
B,  transferred  to  Division 

Hospital  Corps 60 

Betts,  Private  Clarence  W., 
company  A,  appointed  regi 
mental  sergeant-major 70 


328  INDEX  —  SECOND  REGIMENT,  N.  Y.  STATE  VOLUNTEERS. 


PAGE 

Bills,      Colonel,      Second      Ne 
braska  Volunteer  Infantry. .     52 
Black,  Governor  Frank  S..   45,     48 
reviewed  Second  Regiment 
Infantry,       New        York 

Volunteers 46 

Blackington,  Private  Hugh  P., 
company  M,  discharged  from 

United    States    service 76 

Blanchard,  Private  William  A., 

company  C,  injured 58 

Bleakley,   Private   Andrew  W., 

company  D,  died 80 

Brazee  (Brezee),  Private  Fred 
erick  A.,  company  L,  in 
jured  58 

Brugman,  Dr.  Albert  F.,  Sec 
ond  Battery,  National 
Guard,  New  York,  mus 
tered  in  as  assistant 

surgeon 46 

detailed   to    assist    at    Sec 
ond  Division  Hospital...     68 
captain,  mustered  out 82 

CAMP  ALGER,  Virginia 58 

Camp  Black,  Hempstead 
Plains,  New  York 45 

48,  50,  58,  68,  75,     81 
Camp     Hardin,     Averill     Park, 

New   York    74,     77 

sick    soldiers    at,    annoyed 

by  sightseers 75 

passed  into  history 78 

Camp    Thomas,    Kentucky 55 

Carpenter,  Brigadier-General 
Louis  H.,  U.  S.  A.,  Fourth 

Army  Corps    52,  53,     54 

56,  62,  66,     67 

Carpenter's   Brigade 54 

Case,    Private    Charles    Irving, 

company   C,   injured 58 

Casey,  Private  James  L.,  com 
pany  C,  transferred  to  Di 
vision  Hospital  Corps 60 

Central  Railroad  of  New  Jer 
sey  50,  51 

Chapel,     Private     Herbert     S., 

company  M,  died 77" 

Charlotte,^  South  Carolina 72 

Charlottesville,  Virginia   72 

Chattanooga,  Tennessee   51 

Chickamauga,   Georgia..   50,  52,     54 
Chickamauga  Battlefield,  Geor 
gia   51 

Cincinnati,    Ohio 51 

Cluett,  Private  George  Alford, 
company  A,  appointed  sec 
ond  lieutentant,  202d  Regi 
ment,  New  York  Volunteers,  60 
Cluett,  Private  Sanford  L., 
company  A 55 


PAGE 

Cohoes,  New  York 73,  80 

Second  Regiment  Infantry, 
company       B,        Seventh 

Separate  company  of 48 

Coleman,     Second     Lieutenant 

Obed  M.,  company  L 49 

Collette,  Private  George  F., 
company  E,  transferred  to 
Hospital  Corps,  United 

States  Army 70 

Collin,  Captain  Thomas  Camp 
bell,  company  B 48 

major 53,61,  72 

mustered      in      as      major, 

Third  Battalion 59 

mustered     out     of     United 

States   service 82 

Columbia,     District     of,     First 

Regiment 54,56,  60 

Columbia,   South  Carolina 72 

Commissary  Department, 

United  States  Army 54 

Company  A 48,  50,  53,  59,  60 

61,   62,  64,  66,  70,  75,  78,  79 

thirty-four  recruits  for...  60 
paid  and  mustered   out  of 

United    States   service...  80 

four  deaths 81 

Company   B 48,  50 

53,  59,  60,  61,  62,  65 

twenty-six  recruits  for....  60 
paid  and  mustered   out   of 

United   States   service ...  80 

no    deaths 81 

Company  C 48,  50,  53 

57,  60,  64,  65,  68,  70,  79 

twenty-six  recruits  for....  60 
paid  and  mustered   out   of 

United    States    service...  80 

three   deaths 81 

Company  D. .   47,  48,  50,  53,  59,  63 

65,  68,  75,  76,  79,  80 

twenty-six  recruits  for....  60 

paid  and  mustered   out   of 

United    States    service ...  80 

eight  deaths   81 

Company  E 49,  50,  53,  59 

62,  68,  70,  76,  79 

twelve  recruits  for 60 

paid  and  mustered   out  of 

United    States    service...  81 

one  death 81 

Company    F 49,  50,    53,  70 

twelve  recruits  for 60 

paid  and  mustered   out  of 

United    States    service...  81 

no    deaths 81 

Company    G 49,  50 

53,  70,  76,  78,  82 

twelve  recruits  for 60 

paid  and  mustered   out  of 

United    States    service...  81 


INDEX  —  SECOND  REGIMENT,  N.  Y.  STATE  VOLUNTEERS.  329 


PAGE 

Company  G,  no  deaths 81 

Company    H 49,  50,  53,  79 

twelve  recruits  for 60 

paid  and  mustered   out   of 

United    States    service...  81 

one    death 81 

Company    1 49,  50,  53,  82 

twenty-four  recruits  for..  60 
paid  and  mustered   out   of 

United    States    service...  81 

no    deaths 81 

Company   K 47,   48,  50 

53,  59,  75,  79,  80 

twenty-seven    recruits   for,  60 
paid  and  mustered   out   of 

United    States    service...  81 

three  deaths 81 

Company  L 49,  50,  53,  61 

68,  70,  76,  77,  80 

twenty-eight    recruits    for,  60 
paid  and  mustered   out   of 

United    States    service...  80 

eight   deaths 81 

Company   M 49,  50,  53    i 

66,   68,  71,  76,  77    ! 

twenty-eight    recruits    for,  60    ; 
paid  and  mustered   out   of 

United   States    service...  80 

four    deaths 81 

Coppinger,  Major-General  John 

J.,  U.  S.  A 54,  56,   59,  66 

ordered      to      proceed     to 

Porto    Kico 67 

Corr   (Carr),  Corporal  Francis 

J.,  company  D 59 

Crippen,        First        Lieutenant 

George  W.,  company  F 49 

Cuban    expedition,    first 54 

Curry,  Major  M.  B 69 

DALTON        FORD        ROAD, 

Chickarnauga  battlefield   51 

Daniels,      Private      Frank     H., 

company  E,   died 79 

Danville,   Virginia    72 

Davis,   Captain  Loyal  L.,  com 
pany    K 48,  56,  60 

Denmark,   South  Carolina 72 

Department  of  the  East 71 

Dewey,    Private     Frank,    com 
pany  D,   died 76 

District     of     Columbia,     First 

Regiment 54,   56,  60 

Division  Hospital  Corps 60 

Dodge,  First  Lieutenant  Delos 

M.,  company  G 49 

Dunspaugh,      Captain      Merrill 

M.,  company  D 48,  56,  60 

EASTERBROOK,  CHAPLAIN 
EDMUND  P.,  commenced 
ministrations  to  the 

Regiment 68 


PAGE 

Easterbrook,  Chaplain  Edmund 
P.,  paid  and  mustered 
out  of  United  States  ser 
vice  80 

commissioned  chaplain 

202nd      Regiment,      New 

York  Volunteers 82 

Eddy,  Lieutenant  Wilbur, 
company  G,  commissioned 
lieutenant  Twelfth  Regi 
ment,  New  York  Volun 
teers  49,  78,  82 

Edson,  Major  J.  J.,  Jr.,  United 

States    Volunteers 78 

Eighteenth  Separate  Com 
pany,  National  Guard, 
New  York,  designated  as 

company  K   46 

of  Glens   Falls,   New  York     48 

Engineer   Corps 55 

Everett  city,  Georgia 72 

FERNANDINA,  FLORIDA..  64,     65 

66,  67,  68,  69,     70 
72,    75,  76,     77 

Fifteenth  Battalion,  Third 
Brigade,  National  Guard, 

New  York 45,  47,     49 

Fifth  Regiment  Artillery..   75,     76 
Fifth       Regiment         Infantry, 

Maryland 52,  54,     56 

Ohio 66,     67 

First  Army  Corps 52 

First  Battalion,  Second  Regi 
ment,  National  Guard 

Volunteers 61 

62,  64,  72,     78 

Second  Regiment  Infantry, 
T^ew  York  Volun 
teers,  quartered  in 
Germania  Hall,  Troy, 

New  York    74 

fifteen   deaths    81 

First    Regiment    Artillery,    U. 

S.  A 75 

First  Regiment   Cavalry,  U.   S. 

A    67 

First  Regiment  Infantry,  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia,  54,  56,  60 

Florida 67 

Ohio 67 

First   Regiment    United   States 

Volunteer  Engineers 52 

55,    56,     62 

Florida   75 

First  Regiment 67 

Florida  Central  and  Peninsular 

Railroad 53,  64,     65 

Flower,   Hon.   Roswell   P.,   gift 

of,    to    regiment 69 

Flower  Hospital,  Fernandina, 
Florida 69,  77 


o30  INDEX  —  SECOND  REGIMENT,  N.  Y.  STATE  VOLUNTEERS. 


PAGE 

Flynn,  Private  John,  Jr.,  com 
pany  A 55 

Fort  Brooke,  Florida 54 

Fort  McPherson,  Georgia 63 

Hospital,  Atlanta,  Georgia,     68 
70,  71,  75,     80 

Fort  Tampa,  Florida 62 

Forty-sixth  Separate  Company, 
National  •Guard,  New 
York,  designated  com 
pany  H  46 

of  Amsterdam,  New  York,     49 
Fourteenth     Battalion,     Third 
Brigade,      National       Guard, 

New    York 45,  47,     48 

Fourteenth     Regiment     Infan 
try,  New  York  Volunteers..     52 
Fourth  Army  Corps. .  54,  62,  66,     67 

Second  Division 66 

Third  Division 66,     71 

Fowler,  Major  E.  S 80 

Franklin  Junction,  Va 72,     74 

Frear,  Private  Charles  W., 
company  A,  commis 
sioned  second  lieutenant 
company  E,  203rd  Regi 
ment,  New  York  Volun 
teers  66 

resigned    66 

French,  Private  Windsor  P., 
company  L,  commissioned 
second  lieutenant  in  201st 
Regiment,  New  York  Volun 
teers  60 

G.  A.  R.  VETERANS 73 

Galbraith,       First     Lieutenant 

William  J.,  company  D 48 

Gale,  Captain  Edward  Court- 
land,  company  A 48,  66 

Gatchell,     Lieutenant     George 

W.,  Fifth  Artillery 76 

General   Field  Hospital 57,     58 

General  Hospital  for  Insane  at 

Washington,  D.  C 76 

Germania  Hall,  Troy,  First 
Battalion,  Second  Regiment 
Infantry,  New  York  Volun 
teers,  quartered  in 74 

Gillespie,    General    George    L., 

U.   S.   A .   71,     74 

Glens  Falls,  New  York 73 

Second  Regiment  Infantry, 

New     York     Volunteers,  j 

Fourteenth  Battalion, 
company  K,  Eighteenth 
Separate  Company  of ...  48 

State   armory ." 81 

Goo,  Private  James  W.,  com 
pany  G,  injured 58 

Gould,  Henry  W.,  company  F, 
injured 58 


PAGE 

Grant,  Colonel  Frederick  Dent, 
Fourteenth  New  York  Vol 
unteer  Infantry 52 

Gray,  First  Lieutenant  Emmet 

J.,   company   1 49 

Green,  Private  Griswold,  com 
pany  A,  appointed  second 
lieutenant  201st  Regiment, 

New  York  Volunteers 60 

Greene,        First        Lieutenant 

George  deB.,  company  E,     49 
appointed  acting  assistant 


adjutant-general 


mustered    in    as    battalion 

adjutant 59 

mustered     out     of     United 

States  service 81 

Greenough,  Captain  Ernest  A., 

company  I    49 

commissioned  first  lieuten 
ant  company  I,   Twelfth 
New  York  Volunteers ...     82 
Grobecker    (Groebecker) ,    Pri 
vate  Andrew  F.,  company  C, 
injured 58 

HALL,  HECTOR,  D.  D.,  chap 
lain  47 

resigned 55 

honorably  discharged  from 

United   States  service...     56 
Hall,  General  Robert  H.,  U.  S. 

A 68 

Hamilton,     Corporal     William 

A.,   company   C,  injured 58 

Hardin,  Colonel  Edward  E 47 

50,  52,  53,  72,  75,  76,  79,  211 
captain      Seventh      United 
States        Infantry,        ap 
pointed     colonel     volun 
teers  45 

oath    administered   to   and 
assumed      command      of 

regiment 46 

bids         regiment         good 
bye  77,     78 

relinquished    commission..     82 
Hare,    Private    George   L.,   Jr., 
company    A,    appointed    sec 
ond    lieutenant    202nd    Regi 
ment,  New  York  Volunteers,     60 
Harper,     Private     John,     com 
pany   C,   injured 58 

Hayner,    Corporal   Horatio   H., 

company  A,  died 78 

Hempstead         Plains,         New 

York 45,     82 

Hills,  Captain  Elbridge  R., 
Fifth  United  States  Artil 
lery  75,  79 

Hillsborough  bay,   Florida 54 


INDEX  —  SECOND  REGIMENT,  N.  Y.  STATE  VOLUNTEERS.    331 


PAGE 

Hislop,  Private  Thomas  W., 
company  A,  mustered  in 
as  battalion  adjutant...  59 
lieutenant,  battalion  adju 
tant,  appointed  regi 
mental  commissai^ 66 

lieutenant,  mustered  out  of 

United  States  service. —     82 
Hogan,  Daniel  J.,  mustered  in 

as  sergeant   company  K,     48 
appointed    second    lieuten 
ant  48 

sergeant,    mustered    in    as 

second   lieutenant    59 

Holden,      Private      James      A., 

company   L,   died 77 

Hoosick  Falls,  New  York 73 

Thirty-second          Separate 

Company    of 49 

State    armory    at 80 

Hospital  Corps,  United  States 

Army   70 

Hudson,     Brigadier-G  e  n  e  r  a  1 
Joseph     K.,     United     States 

Volunteers 62 

Hughes,        First        Lieutenant 

George,  company  H 49 

Huntsville,  Alabama 69,     70 

Hutton,      Second       Lieutenant 
Donald        J.,        company 

E 49,     62 

mustered   in   as   first   lieu 
tenant   .  59 


JERSEY    CITY,    NEW    JER= 

SEY 50 

Jessup,  Private  Frederick  W., 
company  D,  died 79 

Jones,  Private  Alson  L.,  com 
pany  M,  transferred  to  Di 
vision  Hospital  Corps 60  j 

Jones,  Private  John  S.,  com 
pany  F,  injured 58 

Jordan,  Private  Elmer  J.,  com 
pany  L,  died 70 

KENNEDY,    PRIVATE    WIL 
LIAM  S.,  company  A,  died..     75 
Killian,     Private     John,     com 
pany  E    76 

discharged  from  regiment,     76 
Kinne,     Private      George     W., 
company    D,    transferred    to 
First        Kegiment,        United 
States   Volunteer   Engineers,     56 

Kittayama,  Frank 68 

Kline,  Brigadier-General  Jacob, 

U.   S.  A 66 

ill 68 


PAGE 

LANE,  PRIVATE  LELAND  T., 

transferred       to       First 
Regiment,   United   States 
Volunteer  Engineers    ...     62 
company  A,   commissioned 
second    lieutenant    202nd 

Eegiment 62 

resigned 62 

Leffingwell,  Musician  Henry  R., 

company  A 70 

Legnard,     Private     Frank     S., 

company   L,   died 66 

remains  of,  sent  to  Sara 
toga  Springs  for  inter 
ment  66 

Lester,  Major  James  W 50 

53,  61,  68,     78 

mustered  in 46 

commanding  Fourteenth 
Battalion,  National 

Guard,   New  York 47 

paid  and  mustered  out   of 

United  States  service...  80 
Lincoln,  General  James  Rush,  68 
Lloyd,  Lieutenant-Colonel 

James   H 50,   61,     72 

major  Thirteenth  Bat 
talion,  appointed  lieuten 
ant-colonel 45 

mustered   in 46 

commanding  Thirteenth 
Battalion,  National 

Guard,   New  York 47 

mustered     out     of     United 

States   service 82 

Lockhart,  Private  William  J., 
company  G,  transferred  to 
United  States  Volunteer 

Signal  Corps  76 

Long        Island        City,        Long 

Island 50 

Lynchburg,   Virginia 72 

Lytle   Station,   Georgia 51 

MAGILL,    PRIVATE    JAMES 

S.,  company  A,  discharged..     78 
Maley,   Private  John  W.,  com 
pany    B,    transferred    to    Di 
vision  Hospital  Corps .... 60 

Martin,  Sergeant-Major  Wil 
liam  Swift,  Sixth  Sepa 
rate  Company  47 

sergeant-major,     mustered 

in  as  battalion  adjutant,     59 
mustered     out     of     United 

States    service 82 

Masten,       Second      Lieutenant 

Daniel  W.,  company  H 49 

Maxcy,  Second  Lieutenant  Car 
roll  Lewis,  company 

A 48,     59 

resigned 55 


332    INDEX  —  SECOND  REGIMENT,  N.  Y.  STATE  VOLUNTEERS. 


PAGE 

Maxcy,  Second  Lieutenant  Car 
roll  Lewis,  honorably  dis 
charged  from  United  States 

service 55 

McArthur,  Private  William  H., 

company  A,  died 70 

McBride,  Private  Andrew,  com 
pany  C,  injured 58 

McChesney,  Quartermaster- 
Sergeant  Calvin  S.,  company 
A,  mustered  in  as  second 

lieutenant  company  A 59 

McGaffin,       First       Lieutenant 

John    J.,    company   B....      48 
mustered  in  as  captain. ...     59 
McNair,     Corporal      Frederick 
Park,    company    L,    com 
missioned     second     lieu 
tenant,    202nd    Regiment, 
New  York  Volunteers...     80 

died 80 

McNamara,      Private      Thomas 

W.,  company  L,  died 76 

McNeil  (McNeill),  First  Ser 
geant  Thomas  J.,  mustered 
in  as  second  lieutenant  com 
pany  B 62 

Mead,  Captain  Harry,  assist 
ant  surgeon  Sixty-fifth 
Regiment,  New  York  Volun 
teers  60 

Mohawk,   Thirty-first  Separate 

Company   of    49 

State  armory  at 81 

Morrison,    Private   Charles   H., 

company  D,   died 68 

Morton,   Private   Frederick   E., 

company    C,    discharged 66 

Mott,  First  Lieutenant  Seldon 

W.,    company   K 48 

Mount  Pleasant,  New  York...     79 
Murphy,    Private    Edward    2d, 

company  A   51 

commissioned  captain  and 
assistant  adjutant-gen 
eral  51 

discharged 62 

NATIONAL      GUARD,      NEW 

YORK 36,39,41,42,     45 

Second  Battery 46 

Second  Regiment  Infantrv: 

Thirteenth   Battalion..     47 
Fourteenth     Battalion, 

Third  Brigade 45,     47 

Fifteenth         Battalion, 

Third  Brigade 45,     47 

Sixth     Separate     Com 
pany   47 

Twenty-first     Separate 
Company 47 


PAGE 

National          Military          Park, 

Chickamauga,   Georgia 51 

Nebraska    Volunteers,    Second 

Regiment   Infantry 52 

Nellis,     Private     Webster     W., 

company  H,  died 79 

New   Jersey,    Central   Railroad 

of 50 

New  York,  ladies  of  Pension 
Bureau,  Washington,  en 
tertained  regiment  .....  73 

National  Guard 36 

39,  41,  42,     45 

Second  Battery 4G 

Second     Regiment     In 
fantry: 

Thirteenth          Bat 
talion  47 

Fourteenth         Bat 
talion,  Third 

Brigade 45,     47 

Fifteenth  Bat 

talion,  Third 

Brigade 45,     47 

Sixth  Separate 

Company 47 

Twenty-first  Separ 
ate    Company. ...     47 

New  York  State 45,     46 

60,  61,  69,  71,  72,     74 

adjutant-general  of 74 

New  York  Volunteers,  Second 

Regiment  Infantry    51 

54,  55,  56,  58,  62,     63 
66,  69,  72,  76,    77,  156 

history  of  45-83 

composed     of     three     bat 
talions         of         National 

Guard,   New  York 45 

physical  examination  of ...     46 
reviewed       by       Governor 

Frank  S.  Black 46 

list    of    officers    and    com 
panies  of 47-50 

started    for    Chickamauga, 

Georgia 50 

ordered  to  Tampa,  Florida,     52 
marched  to  Rossville,  Ten 
nessee  53 

list  of  officers  of,  mustered 

in   at    Tampa,    Florida...      59 
mustered  by   Colonel   Har- 

din 60 

ordered      to       Fernandina, 

Florida 64 

dinner  given  by  officers  of,     67 
received    hospital    supplies 

from  friends 69 

to   go   to   Sand  Lake,   New 

York 70 

transferred  to  Department 
of  the  East. .  71 


INDEX  —  SECOND  REGIMENT,  N.  Y.  STATE  VOLUNTEERS.    333 


PAGE 

New  York  Volunteers,   Second 

Regiment  Infantry: 
welcome      at     Troy,      New 

York 73 

last  evening  parade  of 77 

officers     messed     for     last 

time 78 

companies      assembled     at 
respective     armories     to 

await    muster-out 79 

physical      examination      of 

members  of 80 

Thirteenth  Battalion,  list 
of  officers  and  com 
panies  of  48 

company  A,  Sixth  Sep 
arate      Company, 

of   Troy    48 

list    of    officers    of,     48 
company      B,     Seventh 
Separate        Com 
pany  of  Cohoes..     48 
list    of    officers    of,     48 
company     C,      Twelfth 
Separate        Com 
pany   of   Troy...     48 
list    of    officers    of,     48 
company     D,     Twenty- 
first          Separate 
Company,  of 

Troy  .  .".    48 

list    of    officers    of,     48 
Fourteenth   Battalion,    list 
of    officers   and   com 
panies  of    48-49 

company  I,  Ninth  Sep 
arate       Company 
of  Whitehall  ....     49 
list    of    officers    of,     49 
company  K,  Eighteenth 
Separate        Com 
pany,      of     Glens 

Falls 48 

list    of    officers    of,     48 
company     L,     Twenty- 
second     Separate 
Company,       of 
Saratoga  Springs     49 
list    of    officers    of,     49 
company      M,     Thirty- 
second     Separate 
Company,       of 
Hoosick   Falls    . .     49 
list    of    officers    of,     49 
Fifteenth     Battalion,     list 
of    officers   and   com 
panies  of    49 

company       E,      Thirty- 
sixth        Separate 
Company,       of 
Schenectady    ....      49 
list    of    officers    of,     49 


PAGE 

New  York  Volunteers,   Second 

Regiment  Infantrv: 
Fifteenth  Battalion:" 

company      F,      Thirty- 
seventh   Separate 
Company,       of 
Schenectady    ....     49 
list    of    officers    of,     49 
company      G,      Thirty- 
first          Separate 
Company,       of 

Mohawk 49 

list    of    officers    of,     49 
company       H,       Forty- 
sixth        Separate 
Company,      of 
Amsterdam  ....     49 
list    of    officers    of,     49 
Twelfth     Regiment     Infan 
try  82 

Fourteenth     Regiment     In 
fantry  52 

Twenty-second      Regiment 

Infantry 47 

Sixty-fifth     Regiment     In 
fantry  SO 

Sixty-ninth    Regiment    In 
fantry  54,  67,     72 

Seventy-first   Regiment  In 
fantry  79 

Two     Hundred     and     First 

Regiment   Infantry 60 

Two   Hundred   and   Second 

Regiment   Infantry 60 

SO,     82 
Two    Hundred    and    Third 

Regiment  Infantry 66 

Nichols,    Private    Frederick    P. 
(Edward),     Company     C, 

killed 57 

remains    of,    sent   to    Troy 

for    interment 58 

Ninth        Separate        Company 

designated  company  1 46 

Ninth  Regiment  Cavalry,  U.  S. 

A 67 

Ninth  Separate  Company.  Na 
tional  Guard,  New  York,  of 

Whitehall,  New  York 49 

Northern  Alabama 69 

O'BRIEN,  PRIVATE  MI 
CHAEL  J.,  company  C,  died.  70 

O'Brien,  Private  Pierce  J.,  com 
pany  C,  transferred  to  Di 
vision  Hospital  Corps 60 

Ohio,    First    Regiment 67 

Olena,  Private   Edgar   J.,   com 
pany   D,   died 76 

One  Hundred  and  Fifty-seventh 
Regiment,   Indiana 67 


334  INDEX  —  SECOND  REGIMENT,  N.  Y.  STATE  VOLUNTEERS. 


PAGE 

PARKER,  PRIVATE  ROB= 
ERTSON  A.,  company  L,  died  76 

Parkersburg,  Virginia 51 

Parks,  Corporal  Frank  L.,  Jr., 

company  K,   died 79 

Parsons,  Sergeant  Charles  E., 
company  E,  mustered  in  as 
second  lieutenant  company 

E 62 

Paymaster's*  Department 69 

Pension  Bureau,  Washington, 
New  York  ladies  of,  enter 
tained  regiment 73 

Phelan,     Adjutant     James     J., 
Thirteenth  Battalion,  Na 
tional  Guard,  New  York,     47 
mustered  in  as  captain  and 

adjutant   70 

mustered  out 82 

Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania. ...     51 
Philadelphia  and  Beading  Kail- 
way  50,     51 

Pinar  del  Rio,  Cuba 61 

Plant  System,  road  of  the 64 

Port  Tampa,  Florida 54,  59,     60 

Porto    Rico 67 

Potter,       Second       Lieutenant 

Louis  E.,  company  M 49 

Powers,  Private  Auer  E.,  com 
pany  M,  died 71 

Purman,  Corporal  William  M., 
company  E,  transferred 
First  United  State  Volunteer 

Engineers 52 

Putnam,  Private  Frank  A., 
company  M,  died 76 

QUARTERMASTER'S  DE 
PARTMENT  72 

Queen  and  Crescent  Railway..     51 

RICH,  CAPTAIN  AMOS 
COOKE,  company  L 49 

Roach,  Private  Royal  T.,  com 
pany  K,  died 80 

Rome  and  Columbus  Railroad,     51 

Rossville,  Tennessee,  Regiment 
marched  to 53 

Ruffner,  Captain  Ernest  L.,  as 
sistant  surgeon  Sixty-fifth 
Regiment,  New  York  Volun 
teers  80 

Ryan,  Private  William  P.,  com 
pany  C,  injured 58 

SAND  LAKE,  NEW  YORK. ...  74 

Santiago,  Cuba 61,  62 

yellow  fever  at 63 

Saratoga    Springs,    New  York, 
Twenty-second    Separate 

Company  of 49,  66,  73 

State  armory  at 80 


PAGE 

Schenectady,  New  York...    73,     79 
company     E,     Thirty-sixth 

Separate  Company  of ...     49 
company  F,  Thirty-seventh 
Separate  Company  of ...     49 

State   armory   at 81 

Schermerhorn,     Private     Louis 

C.,  company  F,  injured 58 

Schwarte,      First      Lieutenant 

John   A.,   company  L 49 

Scidmore,  Private  William  W., 

company   C,   injured 58 

Searing,     Private     William     J., 

company  L,   died 70 

Second   Battalion 61 

62,  65,  72,     78 

Second  Infantry,  two  deaths..     81 
Second    and    Third    Battalions 
quartered    in    State   armory, 

Troy 74 

Second        Battery,        National 

Guard,   New  York 46 

Second  Division,  Fourth  Army 

Corps 66 

hospital     at      Fernandina, 

Florida 68 

Second    Regiment    Cavalry,    U. 

S.  A 67 

Second      Regiment      Infantry, 

Nebraska 52,     54 

Second      Regiment      Infantry, 

New  York  Volunteers...     51 

54,   55,   56,   58,   62,     63 

66,  69,  72,  76,  77,  156 

history  of    45-83 

composed  of  three  battal 
ions   of  National   Guard, 

New  York   45 

physical     examination     of 

members   of    46 

reviewed       by       Governor 

Frank  S.  Black 46 

list    of    officers    and    com 
panies  of    47-50 

started    for    Chickamauga, 

Georgia 50 

ordered  to  Tampa,  Florida,     52 
marched  to  Rossville,  Ten 
nessee  53 

list  of  officers  of  mustered 

in  at  Tampa,  Florida 59 

mustered  by  Colonel  Har- 

din 60 

ordered      to      Fernandina, 

Florida 64 

dinner  given  by  officers  of,     67 
received    hospital    supplies 

from  friends    69 

to  go  to  Sand  Lake,  New 

York 70 

transferred  to  Department 
of   the   East 71 


INDEX  —  SECOND  REGIMENT,  N.  Y.  STATE  VOLUNTEERS.  335 


PAGE 

Second      Regiment      Infantry, 

New  York  Volunteers: 
accorded     a     welcome     at 

Troy,   New  York 73 

last  evening  parade  of....     77 
officers     messed     for     last 

time 78 

companies     assembled     at 
respective     armories     to 

await   muster-out    79 

physical     examination     of 

members   of    80 

Thirteenth    Battalion,    list 

of     officers      and 

companies  of   ...     48 

company    A,    Sixth 

Separate   Co., 

of    Troy 48 

list    of    officers 

of 48 

company  B, 

Seventh  Sep 
arate  Com 
pany,  of 

Cohoes 48 

list    of    officers 

of 48 

company  C, 

Twelfth  Sep 
arate  Com 
pany,  of 

Troy 48 

list    of    officers 

of 48 

company          D, 
Twenty-first 
Separate   Co., 

of   Troy    48 

list    of    officers 

of 48 

Fourteenth  Battalion, 
list  of  officers 
and  companies 

of 48-49 

company  I,  Ninth 
Separate  Co., 
of  White 
hall  49 

list    of    officers 

of 49 

company  K, 

Eighteenth 
Separate   Co., 
of  Glens 

Falls 48 

list    of    officers 

of 48 

company  L, 
Twenty-sec 
ond  Separ 
ate  Company, 
of  Saratoga 
Springs  40 


PAGE 

Second      Regiment      Infantry, 
New  York  Volunteers: 
Fourteenth  Battalion: 
company  L,  list  of 

officers  of 49 

company          M, 
Thirty-s  e  c- 
ond        Separ 
ate  Com- 
p  a  n  y,          of 
Hoosick  Falls     49 
list    of    officers 

of 49 

Fifteenth        Battalion, 
list     of     offi- 
c  e  r  s       and 
companies  of     49 
company  E, 

Thirty-sixth 
Separate   Co., 
of      Schenec- 

tady 49 

list    of    officers 

of 49 

company  F, 

37th  Separate 

Company,    of 

Schenectady       49 

list    of    officers 

of 49 

company  G, 

Thirty-first 
Separate  Co., 
of  Mohawk..     49 
list    of    officers 

of 49 

company          H, 
Forty-sixth 
Separate  Co., 
of       Amster 
dam  49 

list    of    officers 

of 49 

Seventh  Regiment  Infantry,  U. 

S.  A 47,    82 

Seventh  Separate  Company, 
National  Guard,  New 
York,  designated  com 
pany  B 46 

of  Cohoes,  New  York 48 

Seventy-first    Regiment   Infan 
try,  New  York  Volunteers..     79 
Shafter,    General    William    R., 

U.  S.  A 54 

Sheary,  Private  Michael  F., 
company  A,  commissioned 
paymaster,  with  rank  of 
major,  United  States  Volun 
teers  55 

Sheffold      (Sheffield),     Private 

Delvert,  company  F,  injured,    58 
Sheffold,  William  A.,  company 
F,  deserted 70 


INDEX  —  SECOND  REGIMENT,  N.  Y.  STATE  VOLUNTEERS. 


PAGE 

Sherman,       First       Lieutenant 

Henry  P.,  company  A 48 

Signal     Corps,     United     States 

Volunteers 76 

Simmoria  (Simmons),  Private 
Frederick  C.,  company  C,  in 
jured  58 

Sisters  of  St.  Joseph,  building 

of  turned  into  a  hospital...     69 
Sixth  Regiment  Cavalry,  U.  S. 

A 67 

Sixth  Separate  Company,  Na 
tional  Guard,  New  York, 
designated  company  A..  46 

of  Troy,  New  York 47,     48 

Sixty-fifth  Regiment  Infantry, 

New  York  Volunteers 80 

Sixth-ninth  Regiment  Infan 
try,  New  York  Volun 
teers  54,  67,  72 

and  Second  New  York, 
friendship  between  in 
creased  71 

Snyder,  Brigadier-General  Si 
mon,  U.  S.  A 54 

South  Glens  Falls,  New  York,     79 

Southern    Florida 69 

Southern  Railroad 53 

Stafford,  Captain  James,  as 
sistant  surgeon  Seventy-first 
Regiment,  New  York  Volun 
teers  79 

State    armory    at    Amsterdam, 

New  York 81 

Glens  Falls,  New  York 81 

Hoosick  Falls,   New   York,     80 

Mohawk,  New  York 81 

Saratoga      Springs,      New 

York 80 

Schenectady,  New  York...     81 

Troy,   New  York 80 

refreshments  served  to 
returning  soldiers  at,     73 

Whitehall,    New   York 81 

Stevens,      Captain     Frank     L., 

company   M 49 

Story,  Major  John  P.,  U.  S.  A., 
inspected  and  located  camp 

at   Averill   Park 71 

Sullivan,     Second      Lieutenant 

Michael,  company  D 48 

mustered   in 47 

TAMPA,  FLORIDA. .  53,  54,  56,  61 

63,  65,  75,  81 

regiment   ordered   to 52 

terrific       thunder       storm 

at 57-58 

Tampa  Camp,  Florida 63,  66 

Tampa    Heights,    Florida 56 

Tenth  Regiment  Cavalry,  U.  S. 

A  .  67 


PAGE 

Thayer,     Private     Charles     L., 

company  D,   died 63 

Thedford   Ford   Road,    Chicka- 

mauga  battlefield 51 

Third  Battalion,  Second  Regi 
ment  Infantry..  61,  64,  78,  80 

mustered    in 46 

mustered     out     of     United 

States    service 81 

fifteen    deaths 81 

Third    Division,    Fourth    Army 

Corps 62,   66,  67,     71 

hospital,  Fernandina,  Flor 
ida 70,  76 

Third  Regiment,  Cavalry,  U.  S. 

A 67 

Infantry,    Ohio 67 

Pennsylvania 67,     71 

Thirteenth  Battalion,  Third 
Brigade,  National  Guard, 

New  York 45,  47,     48 

Thirty-first  Separate  Company, 
National  Guard,  New 
York,  designated  com 
pany  G 46 

of  Mohawk,  New  York 49 

Thirty-second  Regiment,  In 
fantry,  Michigan  66,  67 

Thirty-second  Separate  Com 
pany,  National  Guard, 
New  York,  of  Hoosick 

Falls 49 

designated  company  M 46 

Thirty-sixth  Separate  Com 
pany,  National  Guard, 
New  York,  designated 

company  E 46 

of  Schenectady,  New  York,     49 
Thirty-seventh    Separate    Com 
pany,     National      Guard, 
New     York,     designated 

company   F 46 

of  Schenectady,  New  York,     49 
Thompson,   Second  Lieutenant 

William   L.,    company   A,     62 
mustered  in  as  second  lieu 
tenant   company  B 59 

commissioned  second  lieu 
tenant  201st  Regiment, 
New  York  Volunteers...  61 

resigned 61 

Todd,  Private  Hiram  C.,  com 
pany  L,  appointed  second 
lieutenant  company  A,  202nd 
Regiment,  New  York  Infan 
try  61 

Townsend,  First  Lieutenant 
Rufus  Martin,  company 

C 48 

appointed  chief  commis 
sary  of  subsistence 56 


INDEX  —  SECOND  REGIMENT,  N.  Y.  STATE  VOLUNTEERS.    337 


PAGE 

Townsend,  First  Lieutenant 
Rufus  Martin,  appointed 
commissary  of  subsist 
ence,  United  States  Vol 
unteer  service  79 

discharged      from      United 

States  service 79 

Treanor  (Trainor),  Captain 
John  Patrick,  company 

C 48,     63 

Troops  A  and  C  acted  as  es 
cort  46 

Troy,  New  York. .  55,  63,  66,  70,     71 
73,  74,  75,  76,  78,  79,     80 

City  Hospital 76,     77 

Second  Regiment  Infan 
try,  New  York  Vol 
unteers,  Thirteenth 
Battalion: 

company  A,  Sixth 
Separate  Company 

of 48 

company  C,  Twelfth 
Separate  Company 

of 48 

company  D,  Twenty- 
first  Separate  Com 
pany  of 48 

State  armory,  refresh 
ments  served  to  return 
ing  soldiers  at 73 

Turkey   creek,   Florida 53 

Twelfth     Regiment     Infantry, 

New  York  Volunteers 82 

Twelfth  Separate  Company, 
National  Guard,  New 
York,  designated  com 
pany  C  46 

of  Troy,  New  York 48 

Twenty-first  Separate  Com 
pany,  National  Guard, 

New  York 47 

designated  company  D 46 

of  Troy,  New  York 48 

Twenty-second  Regiment  In 
fantry,  New  York  Volun 
teers  47 

Twenty-second   Separate    Com 
pany,      National     Guard, 
designated  company  L. . .     46 
of   Saratoga   Springs,   New 

York 49 

Two  Hundred  and  First  Regi 
ment  Infantry,  New  York 

Volunteers 60,     61 

Two  Hundred  and  Second 
Regiment  Infantry,  New 
York  Volunteers..  60,  61,  80,  82 
Two  Hundred  and  Third  Regi 
ment  Infantry,  New  York 
Volunteers 66 

22 


PAGE 

UNITED    STATES    ARMORY, 

Hospital    Corps 70 

Seventh  Infantry 47 

service 55  76,  79,  80,  81,  82 

Volunteer  Army 45 

Volunteer  Engineers,  First  52 

55,  56,  62 

volunteer   service 79 

Volunteer  Signal  Corps....  76 

Volunteers 39 

42,  45,  55,  62,  78 


VAN  DEUSEN,  PRIVATE 
WRIGHT,  company  D 59 

Vunk,  Captain  Darwin  E.,  com 
pany  H 49 


WADE,  MAJOR=GENERAL 
JAMES  F.,  U.  S.  A.,  First 
Army  Corps  52 

Wager,  Quartermaster-Ser 
geant  Chester  G.,  Twenty- 
first  Separate  Company,  Na 
tional  Guard,  New  York,  not 
mustered  in 47 

Wales,  Private  Edward  D., 
company  A,  injured 58 

Walker,  Private  LeRoy  E., 
company  E,  transferred  to 
Hospital  Corps,  U.  S.  A 70 

War  Department..  51,  66,  71,  78,     79 

War,  Secretary  of 55,  61,     70 

Ward,  Lieutenant  Philip  R., 
Fifth  Artillery 76 

Warren,  Private  Eugene,  com 
pany  A 55 

Washington,  D.  C. . . .  51,  62,  64,     72 
general  hospital  for  insane 
at 76 

Watson,  Private  Worden  A., 
company  G,  discharged 70 

Wells,  Second  Lieutenant  Al 
bert,  company  F 49 

West,  Private  Tracy  E.,  com 
pany  L,  died 68 

Whalen,  Private  John  J.,  com 
pany  C 65 

White,  Second  Lieutenant  Ed 
ward  J.,  company  B 48 

mustered   in   as   first   lieu 
tenant    company   B 59 

Whitehall,    New    York,    Ninth 

Separate   Company   of...     49 
State  armory 81 

Williamson,  Private  Esek  B., 
company  A,  appointed  sec 
ond  lieutenant  201st  Regi 
ment,  New  York  Volun 
teers  60 


338    INDEX  —  SECOND  REGIMENT,  N.  Y.  STATE  VOLUNTEERS. 


PAGE 

Wilson,  First  Lieutenant  John 
S.,  appointed  assistant 
surgeon  Second  Regi- 
ment  Infantry,  New 

York   Volunteers 47 

resigned 47 

appointed  surgeon  Twenty- 
second  Regiment  Infan 
try,  New  York  Volun 
teers  47 

Private  Warren  P.,  com 
pany  K,  died 75 

Witherstine,    Captain    Horatio 

P.,  company  G 49 

Wood,  First  Lieutenant  Walter 

A.,  Jr.,  company  M 49 

appointed  brigade  commis 
sary  52 

on  ten  days'  sick  leave....     66 


PAGE 
Woodcock,     Corporal      Samuel 

C.,  company  A,  died 79 

Wright,    Lieutenant     Sylvester 

W.,  not  mustered  in 47 

Wylie,  Sergeant  John  L.,  com 
pany  D,  died 75 


YATES,  MAJOR  AUSTIN 

A 60,  72,  78 

mustered   in 46 

commanding  Fifteenth 
Battalion,  National 
Guard,  New  York 47,  49 

left  Tampa  on  recruiting 
service 56 

mustered  out  of  United 
States  service 81 


INDEX. 


3d  Regiment  New  York  State  Volunteers. 


For  the  sake  of  convenience,  each  one  of  the  five  military  organizations  included  in  this 
rep  ortT haT* been^indexed  separately r~The""general  ind?x  which  embraces^hel>ntire  report 


begins  on  page  381.  — STATE  HISTORIAN. 


PAGE 

ALBANY,   New  York 83,  107 

Allen  farm,  Virginia 92,     95 

on  Difficult  Kun,  First 
Brigade,  excepting 
Twenty-second  Kansas 

Regiment,  ordered  to 92 

Aqueduct  bridge,  Virginia..  93,     94 

Auburn,  New  York 85,  125 

Second  Separate  Company 
of 84 

BABCOCK,  CAPTAIN  FRAN= 
CIS  Q.,  JR.,  Forty-sev 
enth  Separate  Com 
pany  84,  85 

company  K,  military  rec 
ord  of 120-121 

mustered  out  121 

Bailey,  First  Lieutenant  Fred 
erick  W.  G.,  company  A, 

military  record  of 114 

mustered   out 114 

Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railway..     88 
Barber,        Captain        Clarence 
James,    Second    Separate 

Company 84,     85 

military  record  of 122 

mustered  out 122 

Barnett,  Colonel  John  T.,  150th 

Indiana 92 

Beach  Grove,  North  Carolina..  108 
Bemus     (Be*mis),     Major     and 

Surgeon  William  Marvin,  123 
mustered        into       United 
States     service     as     sur 
geon  86 

military  record   of 110 

mustered  out 110 

Black,  Governor  Frank  S..  87,  109 
Boston,    Massachusetts,    First 
Corps   Cadets 109 


PAGE 

Brainard,  First  Lieutenant 
James  S.,  company  F, 

military   record   of 118 

mustered    out 118 

Chaplain   James  Wilson...  123 
military   record   of....   Ill 

mustered  out Ill 

Brayton,  Sergeant-Major  Clar 
ence  E.,  military  record 

of Ill 

died 124 

commissioned   second   lieu 
tenant  127 

Bristoe,    Virginia 100 

Broad  Run,  Virginia 101,  102 

creek,   Virginia 100 

Brown,  First  Lieutenant  Thur- 

ber  A.,  company  L 106 

military   record   of 121 

mustered  out 121 

Bull  Run  creek,  Virginia 98 

99,  100 

temporary       bridge       con 
structed  over 99 

Bull  Run  field,   Virginia,   regi 
ment  arrived  at 98 

Burkes  Station,  Virginia,  regi 
ment  arrived  at 96 

left   camp   at 97 

Butler,  Captain  John  G.,  com 
pany  C 85,  93,  97 

Forty-first    Separate    Com 
pany  85 

to  Syracuse  to  receive  re 
cruits  91 

military  record  of 115-116 

mustered   out 116 

Butler,  Captain  Mighells  Bach- 
man,  Forty-second  Sepa 
rate  Company,  nominat 
ed  major 83,  84 


340    INDEX  —  THIRD  REGIMENT,  N.  Y.  STATE  VOLUNTEERS. 


P^GE 

Butler,  Captain  Mighells  Bach- 
man,  mustered  into 
United  States  service  as 

major 87 

major 97,   104,  106,  123 

military  record  of 108 

mustered  out   108 

CAMP  ALGER  (RUSSELL 
A.),  Falls  Church,  Vir 
ginia 87,  88,  89,  90,  104 

abandoned    on    account    of 

increase  of  sickness 94 

Camp  Black,  Hempstead 
Plains,  Long1  Island,  New 

York 84,  85,  87,     89 

Camp       Meade,       Middletown, 

Pa 104,  105,  127 

First  Battalion  arrived  at,  106 
Second     Battalion     arrived 

at 106 

Campbil  farm,  Virginia,  on 
which  Camp  Alger  was  lo 
cated  88 

Chain  Bridge,  Virginia 93 

Charles,  First  Lieutenant  Wil 
liam  S.,  company  K,  mili 
tary  record  of 121 

mustered  out 121 

Clifton,   Virginia 99 

Company  A 85,  114 

Company  B 85,  87,  115 

Company  C 85,  105,  111,  115 

detailed  for  guard  duty  at 

Dunn  Loring,   Virginia..     93 
Company  D...  85,  86,  87,  93,  95,   127 
mustered  in  United  States 

service 86 

Company  E  86,  87,  117 

twenty-five  men  of  and 
Captain  McBean  enter 
tained  by  citizens  of 

Warrentown 104 

Twenty-second  Kegiment, 
National  Guard,  New 

York 109,  126 

Fifty-fourth  Eegiment,  Na 
tional  Guard,  New  York,  114 
Company    F,    Third    Regiment 
Infantry,        New       York 

Volunteers     86,  118 

detailed  for  guard  duty  at 

Dunn  Loring,   Virginia..     93 
detailed    to    round    up    the 

stragglers 97 

Forty-eighth  Regiment....   116 
Company    G,    Third    Regiment 
Infantry,       New        York 

Volunteers 86,  118 

detailed  as  provost  guard,     99 

Company  H...   86,  103,  111,  119,  124 

acted   as  color   company,     90 


PAGE 

Company  H,  Seventh  Regiment, 
National      Guard,       New 

York 122 

Fifty-fourth  Regiment,  Na 
tional  Guard,  New  York,  122 
Fourth  Regiment,  National 

Guard,  New  Jersey 117 

Company  I,  Third  Regiment 
Infantry,  New  York  Volun 
teers 85,  93,  95,  120 

Company  K 85,  93,  95,  120 

Company  L..  85,  93,  95,  106,  114,  121 
acted  as  escort  to  colors..     90 

Company  M 85,  114,  122 

detailed  as  provost  guard..   101 
Congress  passed  an  act  to  in 
crease  the  army 83 

Cotton,  Frederick  R.,  enlisted,  114 
Crosby,   Captain  Murray  Was- 
son,  company  H,  military 

record   of 119 

mustered   out 119 

Crouch  estate,  Virginia 98 

DAVIS,  BRIGADIER=QEN= 
ERAL  GEORGE  W.,  U.  S.  A.,  89 

Delaney   Homestead,    Virginia,  102 
Deveaux,     Second     Lieutenant 
Francis    C.,    company    E, 

military  record  of 118 

mustered  out 118 

Difficult  Run,  Virginia 95 

Doyle,  Brigadier-General  Peter 
C.,  Fourth  Brigade,  National 
Guard,  directed  to  organize 

one  regiment 83 

Dunn   Loring,    Virginia 87 

88,  94,  95,  105 

regiment   ordered   to 87 

companies  C  and  F  detailed 
for   guard   duty   at 93 

EARLY,  JUBAL  A.,  Confeder 
ate  general  in  1861 98 

Eigabroadt,  Second  Lieutenant 

Frederick  T.,  company  A,     99 

military  record  of 114 

mustered   out 114 

Eighth    Regiment    Cavalry,    U. 

S.    A ." 113 

Eighth   Separate   Company,    of 

Rochester 84,  114 

became  company  A,  Third 

Regiment 85 

mustered     out     of     United 

States    service 107 

Elmira,   New   York 85 

Thirteenth    Separate    Com 
pany   of 84 

breakfast  served  to  at,  106 
Erie   Railwav 84 


INDEX  —  THIRD  REGIMENT,  N.  Y.  STATE  VOLUNTEERS.    341 


PAGE 

Escort  to  the  colors,  ceremony 
of 90 

FALES,  CAPTAIN  HENRY  M., 

company  G  86,     97 

Twenty-fifth  Separate 

Company 84 

military   record    of 118 

mustered  out 118 

Falls   Church,   Virginia 88 

90,  93,     94 

Field    and    staff    of    regiment 
mustered       out      of      United 

States    service 107 

Fifth    Regiment    Artillery,    U. 

S.    A 107 

Cavalry,  U.  S.  A 86 

Infantry,  U.  S.  A 113 

Fifty-fourth  Regiment,  Na 
tional  Guard,  New  York, 

company  E 114 

company  H 122 

iii-bt  Battalion,  Third  Regi 
ment  88,  91 

ordered     out     as     provost 

guard 97 

arrived  at  Camp  Meade 1 06 

First  Brigade,  excepting 
Twenty-second  Kansas 
Regiment.  ordered  to 
zillen  farm  on  Difficult 

Run 92 

march  of  to  Allen  farm  un 
justly    criticised 92 

reviewed  by  Brigadier-Gen 
eral  Mark  W.  Sheaf e 93 

First     Corps    Cadets,     Boston, 

Massachusetts 109 

First    Division,    Second    Army 

Corps 94 

hospital    ambulance    from, 

overturned  in  a  stream. .   105 
First  Separate  Company,  Third 
Regiment    Infantry,    Na 
tional  Guard,  New  York, 

of  Rochester 84,  90,  111 

112,  113,  119,  120,  124 
became  company  H,  Third 

Regiment  Infantry 86 

mustered     out     of     United 

States    service 107 

Fort   Myer,    Virginia,    hospital 

at 105 

Forty-eighth  Regiment,  Na 
tional  Guard,  New  York, 

company  A 116 

company   F 116 

Forty-ninth       Regiment,       Na 
tional  Guard,  New  York 108 

Forty-first  Separate  Company, 

of  Syracuse 93,  111,  116 


PAGE 

Forty-first  Separate  Company, 
became        company        C, 

Third   Regiment    .  * 85 

mustered     out     of     United 

States    service 107 

Forty-second     Separate     Com 
pany,  of  Niagara  Falls..     83 
84,  87,  108,  117,  118 
became  company  E,  Third 

Regiment 86 

mustered     out     of     United 

States  service 107 

Forty-third       Separate       Com 
pany,  of  Olean 84,     93 

113,  120 
became   company   I,    Third 

Regiment 85 

mustered     out     of     United 

States  service 107 

Forty-seventh    Separate    Com 
pany,   of  Hornellsville. ..     84 
93   113,   120,  121 
became  company  K,  Third 

Regiment 85 

mustered     out     of     United 

States    service 107 

Forty-eighth      Separate     Com 
pany,   of  Oswego 85 

93,   108,   116,  117 
became  company  D,  Third 

Regiment 85 

mustered     out     of     United 

States    service 107 

Fourth  Regiment,  New  Jersey 

National  Guard,  company  H,  117 
Franchot,  Captain  Richard  H., 
Forty-third  Separate 

Company 84,     85 

military   record    of 120 

mustered   out 120 

Fraser  (Frazer),  Principal  Mu 
sician  John  E.,  company 

L 123 

military   record    of 113 

mustered    out 113 

GAINESVILLE,  Virginia   102 

Garfield  Hospital,  Washington, 

D.    C 105 

Gasper,       Second       Lieutenant 
George    E.,    company    B, 

military   record    of 115 

mustered    out 115 

Gatchell,  Lieutenant  George 
W.,  Fifth  United  States  Ar 
tillery  107 

Geneva,   New  York 85 

Thirty-fourth  Separate 

Company   of 84 

Gill,  Private  Thomas  D.,  com 
pany  D,  died 127 


342    INDEX  —  THIRD  REGIMENT,  N.  Y.  STATE  VOLUNTEERS. 


PAGE 

Gould,  Color  Bearer  Sergeant 
Emmet  M.,  military  rec 
ord  of 113 

mustered    out 113 

Graham,  Major-General  Wil 
liam  M.,  U.  S.  A 89,  93,  105 

Grenville,  Second  Lieutenant 
George  A.,  company  H, 

military   record   of 120 

mustered    out 120 

Gross,  Colonel  George  P.,  Third 
Missouri  Infantry  Volun 
teers  in  Confederate  service 

during  Civil  War 89 

Grosvenor,  Second  Lieutenant 
George  H.,  company  K, 

military   record    of 121 

mustered    out 121 

Guilfords  Mills,   Virginia 100 

creek  at 100 

HAQER,     CHIEF     MUSICIAN 

ARNOLD   F 113,  123 

military   record   of 112 

mustered    out    112 

Hall,  Captain  Albert  Morti 
mer,  company  D 85,  116 

mustered  as  major 87 

major 93,  94,  95,   105,  123 

commanding      Third      Bat 
talion  87 

military  record   of 108 

mustered  out   108 

Happoldt  estate,  Virginia 98 

Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  ....  127 
Hart,  Captain  and  Adjutant 
Stephen  F.,  Twenty-second 
Regiment,  National  Guard, 
detailed  by  Governor  as  ad 
jutant  87 

Hempsted  Plains,  Long  Island, 

New  York   84 

Henderson,  Daniel  E.,  company 

D,    enlisted    114 

Henderson,  Captain  Henry  B., 
Eighth  Separate  Com 
pany  84,  85 

military  record  of 114 

mustered    out    114 

Hills,  Captain  Elbridge  E., 
Fifth  United  States  Artil 
lery  106 

Hodgman,    Assistant    Surgeon 

Alfred  Frederick    123 

lieutenant,    mustered    into 
United  States  service  as 

surgeon 86 

military   record    of 110 

mustered    out    110 

Hoffman,  Colonel  Edward  Mor 
ris 89,  93,  97,  100,  101 

104,  106,  123,  125,  126 


PAGE 

Hoffman,  Colonel  Edward  Mor 
ris,  appointed  colonel, 
Third  Regiment,  Na 
tional  Guard 83 

mentioned 84 

acknowledges  receipt  of 
colors  presented  to  his 

regiment 90 

presented  with  loving  cup,  106 

military   record    of 107 

adjutant-general,  New  York 

State 107 

died 107 

Holland,  First  Lieutenant  John 
B.,  company  M,  military 

record  of   122-123 

resigned 123 

Hornellsville,    New   York 85 

Forty-seventh          Separate 

Company  of    84 

Howland,  Captain  and  Assist 
ant  Surgeon  Reeve 

Beecher 123 

mustered  into  United 
States  service  as  surgeon  86 

military   record    of 110 

mustered    out    122 

\ 

INDIANA,    One    Hundred    and 
Fiftieth   Regiment   Infantry,     89 
92,  95,  105 

Inspector-General's  Depart 
ment  110 

JENNINGS,  FIRST  LIEUTEN 
ANT  EDGAR  S.,  com 
pany  M,  military  record 

of 122 

mustered  out  122 

Jersey  City,  New  Jersey 88 

KANSAS,  Twenty-second  Regi 
ment  Infantry 89,  92,  105 

Kansas  City,  loving  cup  pre 
sented  by  regiment  to  Third 
Missouri  regiment,  now  in 
public  library  building  at...  106 

King,  Albert  J.,  enlisted 114 

Kirby,  Lieutenant-Colonel  Wil 
liam  Maurice  123 

general  inspector  rifle 
practice,  appointed  lieu 
tenant-colonel  Third 
Regiment,  National 

Guard 83 

brigadier-general  .  ,   84 

mustered  in  United  States 

service 87 

detailed  as  provost  mar 
shal-general,  Second 

Army  Corps    93 

presented  with  loving  cup,  106 


INDEX  —  THIRD  REGIMENT,  N.  Y.   STATE  VOLUNTEERS.    343 


PAGE 

Kirby,  Lieutenant-Colonel  Wil 
liam  Maurice,  military 

record  of   107-108 

mustered    out    108 

LA     ROSE,     CAPTAIN     AN- 

THIAIE  WATSON..    105,  123 

military   record   of 110 

mustered    out    110 

Lentz,  Second  Lieutenant 
Charles  B.,  company  G, 

military  record  of 119 

mustered  out  119 

Lewis,        Hospital        Steward 

George  J 123 

military   record   of 112 

mustered  out '  112 

Long  Bridge,  Virginia 88 

Long  Island  City,  Long  Island,     88 
Long  Island  Eailway 87 

MANASSAS,  Virginia..   94,  97,     99 

battlefield 99 

Manassas  Junction,  Virginia..     95 
Third    Regiment    Infantry, 
New     York     Volunteers, 

ordered  to  94 

Manassas  monument,  Virginia,     99 
Marks,     Charles     W.,     enlisted, 

company  L 114 

Marshall  estate,  Virginia 96 

Mason,  First  Lieutenant  Sam 
uel  J.,  company  E.,  mili 
tary  record  of 117 

mustered  out   117 

Mayer,  First  Lieutenant  George 
M.,  company  I,  military 

record  of   120 

mustered  out   120 

Mayrand     (Maynard),     George 

W.,  enlisted,  Company  C 114 

McBean,  Captain  Hector  Wil 
liam,  company  E 86 

mustered        into        United 

States   service    87 

to  Niagara  Falls  to  receive 

recruits 91 

and  twenty-five  men  of 
company  E  entertained 
by  citizens  of  Warren- 
ton  104 

military   record    of 117 

mustered  out   117 

McBride     (MacBride),     Private 

John,  company  A,  enlisted..   114 
McDonald,    Second    Lieutenant 
John,    company    D,    mili 
tary  record  of  117 

mustered    out    117 

McKay,  First  Lieutenant  Wil 
liam  L.,  company  B,  mili 
tary  record  of  115 

mustered  out  .  .115 


PAGE 

McKinley,  President  William.. 

125,  126 
authorized      to      call      for 

125,000    men    83 

made  requisition  on  Gov 
ernor  New  York  State..  83 

Medina,  New  York 86 

Twenty-ninth    Separate 

Company  of   84 

Merrill,  Second  Lieutenant 
Leon  A.,  company  L, 

military  record  of 122 

mustered  out  122 

Middletown,  Pennsylvania,  104,  105 
Miller,  First  Lieutenant  Frank 

J.,  company  C 105 

military   record    of 116 

mustered  out  116 

Missouri      Volunteers,      Third 

Regiment  Infantry   91 

103,  105 

came  into  Camp  Alger 89 

presented  with  loving  cup 
by  Third  New  York  Regi 
ment  106 

Mitchell,       First       Lieutenant 

James  B 99 

first  lieutenant  and  battal 
ion  adjutant,  military 

record  of   Ill 

resigned Ill 

commissioned  second  lieu 
tenant,  U.  S.  A Ill 

promoted  to  battalion  ad 
jutant  116 

discharged 124 

Montgomery,  Second  Lieuten 
ant  Alton  W.,  company 
M,  military  record  of...  123 

mustered  out   123 

Morgan,  Quartermaster-Ser 
geant  Herbert  A Ill 

military   record   of 112 

appointed  clerk  commis 
sary  department  112 

discharged 124 

Mosby's   Guerillas    102 

Myer,    Colonel    Albert    James, 

mustered  in  as  adjutant,     87 
promoted   to    major    202nd 
Regiment  Infantry,  New 

York  Volunteers 93 

military  record   of 109 

aide-de-camp    to    Governor 

Frank  S.  Black 109 

resigned 109 

promoted  as  major  202nd 
Regiment  Infantry,  New 

York  Volunteers 109 

discharged 124 


344    INDEX  —  THIRD  REGIMENT,  N.  Y.  STATE  VOLUNTEERS. 


PAGE 

Myers,  Private  Leonard  K, 
company  M,  transferred  to 
band 114 

NATIONAL  GUARD,  NEW 
JERSEY,  Fourth  Regiment, 

company  H   117 

National  Guard,  New  York,  86,  127 
Third    Regiment    Infantry, 
composed   of   organi 
zations      of      Fourth 

Brigade 83 

ordered  to  Camp  Black,     84 
list    of   companies    and 

officers   of    84-85 

became      Third      Regi 
ment    Infantry,    New 
York  Volunteers  ....     85 
One    Hundred    and    Tenth 
Battalion,   Company   D.. 

107,  121 

First   Separate  Company..   Ill 
112,  113,  119,  124 
Second  Separate  Company,  108 
109,  110,  112,  120,  122,  123 
Eighth  Separate  Company,  114 
Thirteenth   Separate   Com 
pany  110 

Twenty-fifth  Separate  Com 
pany  112,  118,  119 

Twenty-ninth    Separate 

Company 108,    117,  118 

Thirtieth     Separate     Com 
pany  109 

110,   112,   113,   121,  122 
Thirtyr-f ourth    Separate 

Company 108,  115 

Forty-first    Separate    Com 
pany  Ill,  116 

Forty-second     Separate 

Company    108,  117,  118 

Forty-third  Separate  Com 
pany  113,  120 

Forty-seventh  Separate 

Company 113,  120,  121 

Forty-eighth     Separate 

Company 108,   117 

Seventh     Regiment,     Com 
pany  H 122 

Twenty-second  Regiment. .     87 

company   E    109,  126 

Forty-eighth  Regiment, 

company  A 116 

company  F 116 

Forty-ninth  Regiment   108 

Fifty-fourth    Regiment, 

company  E 114 

company  H 122 

Sixty-fifth  Regiment 109 

Nellis,  First  Lieutenant  George 
W.,  company  M,  military 
record  of  122 


PAGK 

Nellis,  First  Lieutenant  George 

W.,  resigned   122 

promoted    as    captain    and 
commissary,     United 

States  Volunteers    122 

New    Jersey    National    Guard, 
Fourth    Regiment,    company 

H 117 

New  York  Central  Railway,   84,     85 

New   York  city 90 

New  York  National  Guard 83 

86,  127 

Third  Regiment  Infantry, 
composed  of  organi 
zations  of  Fourth 

Brigade S3 

ordered  to  Camp  Black,     84 
list    of   companies   and 

officers   of    84-85 

became      Third      Regi 
ment    Infantry,    New 
York  Volunteers  ....     85 
One    Hundred    and    Tenth 
Battalion,    Company   D.. 

107,  121 

First   Separate   Company..   Ill 
112,  113,    119,  124 
Second  Separate  Company,  108 
109,  110,  112,  120,  122,  123 
Eighth  Separate  Company,  114 
Thirteenth   Separate   Com 
pany  110 

Twenty-fifth  Separate  Com 
pany    112,    118,  119- 

Twenty-ninth    Separate 

Company    108,   117,  118 

Thirtieth     Separate     Com 
pany  109 

110,   112,    113,    121,  122 
Thirty-fourth    Separate 

Company 108,   115 

Forty-first    Separate    Com 
pany  Ill,  116 

Forty-second     Separate 

Company    108,  117,  118 

Forty-third  Separate  Com 
pany  113,  120 

Forty-seventh  Separate 

Company    113,   120,  121 

Forty-eighth      Separate 

Company 108,  117 

Seventh     Regiment,     Com 
pany  H 122 

Twenty-second  Regiment..     87 

company   E    109,  126 

Forty-eighth  Regiment, 

company  A 116 

company  F 116 

Forty-ninth  Regiment 108 

» Fifty-fourth    Regiment, 

company  E 114 

company  H  .  .   122 


INDEX  —  THIRD  REGIMENT,  N.  Y.  STATE  VOLUNTEERS.    345 


PAGE 

New  York  National  Guard: 

Sixty-fifth  Regiment 109 

New  York  State 83,  108,  127 

New  York  Volunteers: 

Third   Regiment    Artillery,  107 

Third  Regiment  Infantry..     94 

102,  104,  107,  108,  109,   110 

112,  113,  115,   124,  125,  127 

history  of    83-128 

physical  examination  of 
members  of  86 

ordered  to  Dunn  Lor- 
ing,  Virginia  87 

starts  for  Camp  Alger,     88 

colors  presented  to  by 
Talbot  Olyphant  ...  90 

receives  payment  for 
service  in  United 
States  Army  90 

ordered  to  be  increased 
to  maximum  strength,  91 

over  300  recruits  added 
to 91 

suffered  heavy  loss  of 
men  from  typhoid 
fever 91 

ordered  to  Manassas 
Junction 94 

except  Third  Battalion, 
ready  to  march 95 

arrived  at  Burkes  Sta 
tion  96 

left  camp  at  Burkes 
Station 97 

arrived  at  Bull  Run 
Field 98 

time  consumed  in 
march 103 

ordered  to  relieve  Sec 
ond  Tennessee  104 

presented  loving  cup 
to  Third  Missouri 
Regiment 106 

started  for  home  sta 
tions  106 

breakfast  served  to  at 
Elmira,  New  York..  106 

furloughed  for  thirty 
days 106 

military  record  of  offi 
cers  and  non-com 
missioned  staff  offi 
cers  107-123 

military  record  of  non 
commissioned  staff.. 

111-114 

military  record  of 
company  officers,  114-123 

roster  of  field,  staff 
and  non-commis 
sioned  staff 123 


PAGE 
New  York  Volunteers: 

Third  Regiment  Infantry: 
list    of    battalions    and 
officers  of   85,     86 

First  Battalion,  list  of 
companies  and  officers 
of 85 

Second  Battalion,  list  of 
companies  and  officers 
of 85 

Third  Battalion,  list  of 
companies  and  officers 
of 86 

company  A,  military  rec 
ord  of  officers  of 114 

company  B,  military  rec 
ord  of  officers  of..\.  115-116 

company  D,  military  rec 
ord  of  officers  of 116-117 

company  E,  military  rec 
ord  of  officers  of 117-118 

company  F,  military  rec 
ord  of  officers  of US 

company  G,  military  rec 
ord  of  officers  of 118-119 

company  H,  military  rec 
ord  of  officers  of 119-120 

company  I,  military  rec 
ord  of  officers  of 120 

company  ,  K,  military  rec 
ord  of  officers  of 120-121 

company  L,  military  rec 
ord  of  officers  of..\.  121-122 

company  M,  military  rec 
ord  of  officers  of 122-123 

One  Hundred  and  Forty- 
Seventh  Regiment  In 
fantry  115 

Two  Hundred  and  Second 
Regiment  Infantry..  93,  109 

Two    Hundred    and    Third 

Regiment  Infantry   115 

Niagara  Falls,  New  York 86 

Forty-second     Separate 

Company  of    84 

Nice,  First  Lieutenant  John  L.,     97 

military   record    of....   118-119 

mustered  out  119 

Nicht,  Musician  Edward  J., 
company  M,  transferred  to 
band 114 

OHIO,  Seventh  Regiment,  In 
fantry  104 

Ohio   troops    105 

Olean,  New  York 85 

Forty-third  Separate  Com 
pany  of  84 

Olyphant,  Talbot,  presents  col 
ors  to  regiment 90 


346    INDEX  —  THIRD  REGIMENT,  N.  Y.  STATE  VOLUNTEERS. 


PAGE 

One  Hundred  and  Tenth  Bat 
talion,  National  Guard,  New 

York,    company   D 107,  121 

One  Hundred  Forty-seventh 
Regiment  Infantry,  New 

York   Volunteers    115 

One  Hundred  Fiftieth  Eegi 
ment  Infantry,  Indiana 89 

92,  95,  105 
Orr,  Edward  Emerson,  enlisted 

company  K   114 

Oswego,   New  York 86,  127 

Forty-eighth  Separate 
Company  of  85 

PATTBERQ  (Pattburg),  First 
Lieutenant  Frederick  L., 
company  D,  military  rec 
ord  of  117 

mustered  out   117 

Peet  House,  Virginia 99 

Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania    . . .   105 
Pierce,       Second       Lieutenant 
Harry  C.,  military  record  of,  116 

Potomac  river   92 

Pritchard,  Private  Frank  B., 
company  K,  transferred  to 
band 114 

QUARTERMASTER'S  DE 
PARTMENT  95 

its   efficiency  proved...   98,   103 
Quigley,  First  Lieutenant  and 
Battalion  Adjutant  John 

Aloysius 110,  126 

mustered  in  United  States 
service  as  battalion  adju 
tant 87 

military   record    of 109 

died 109 

announcement  of  his 
death 125-126 

REGIMENTAL  BAND,  account 

of 113-114    : 

Kevolution,  Sons  of  the,  pre 
sent  colors  to  the  regi 
ment  89,  90  i 

Roberts,  Cyrus   S.,  Colonel,  U. 

S.  A.,  letter   from 94    | 

Rochester,  New  York...   85,  86,  124    j 
First     Separate     Company 

of 84    I 

Second   Separate   Company 

of 84 

Ross,  Captain  Sanderson  A., 
Twenty-ninth  Separate 

Company 84 

company  F    86 

military   record   of 118 

mustered  out   118 


PAGE 

SADLER,  CAPTAIN  JOHN  T., 

Thirtieth   Separate  Com 
pany  84 

company  L 85 

ordered    to    Elmira    to    re 
ceive  recruits  91 

military  record  of 121 

mustered  out  121 

St.    Clare,    Principal    Musician 

Lewis   V.   S 123 

military   record   of 113 

mustered  out  113 

Sangsters  Cross  Roads,  Vir 
ginia  98 

Sehuyler,  Captain  Walter  S., 
Fifth  United  States  Cavalry, 
administered  oath  to  regi 
ment  86 

Second   Army   Corps 93,     95 

first   division    94 

second    division    89 

94,  96,  97,     98 

Second  Battalion,   Third   Regi 
ment        Infantry,        New 
York  Volunteers   ....   87,     91 
ordered     out     as     provost 

guard 97 

arrived  at  Camp  Meade...   106 
Second  Division,  Second  Army 

Corps 89,  94,  95,  96,  97,     98 

Second  Regiment  Infantry, 
Tennessee,  detailed  to  pro 
vost  guard  104 

Second    Separate    Company    of 

Auburn 84,    108,   109,  110 

112,  120,  122,  123,    126 
became  company  M,  Third 

Regiment 85 

mustered     out     of     United 

States   service    107 

Seventh  Regiment  Infantry, 
National  Guard,  New  York, 

company  H   122 

Seventh     Regiment      Infantrj^, 

Ohio 104 

Shattuck,     Second     Lieutenant 
Algernon  B.,  company  F, 

military  record  of 118 

mustered  out  118 

Sheaf  e,  Brigadier-General  Mark 

W 89,  104 

First  Brigade  reviewed  by,     93 
Sixty-fifth  Regiment  Infantry, 

National  Guard,  New  York..   109 
Smith,      Regimental     Adjutant 

Frank  B 125,  126 

Smith,    Captain   and   Adjutant 
Frank    Eugene,    military 

record  of   109 

mustered  out  109 

battalion   adjutant    110 

regimental  adjutant   123 


IXDEX  —  THIRD  REGIMENT,  N.  Y.  STATE  VOLUNTEERS.    347 


PAGE 

Smith,  First  Lieutenant  Frank 
G,    company   H,    military 

record  of   119 

mustered  out   119 

Smith,    Captain    Lester    Bord- 

11  urn.   company  H....  86,  125 
First  Separate  Company..     84 

military  record    of 119 

died 119 

announcement        of        his 

death 124-125 

Sons  of  the  Kevolution,  pre 
sent  colors  to  the  regi 
ment  89,  90 

Southern   express    90 

Southern  Eailroad   88,     96 

Spain 83 

Stacey,  Captain  James  George, 

Jr.,  company  B 85 

mustered        into        United 
States  service  as  captain 

company  B    87 

military  record   of 115 

mustered  out   115 

Steele,  Quartermaster-Sergeant 

Albert  M 123 

military   record   of Ill 

mustered  out  Ill 

Stevens  (Stearns),  Private 
John,  company  K,  trans 
ferred  to  band 114 

Stout,   Musician   Frederick  H., 

transferred  to  band 114 

Susquehanna  river,  Pennsyl 
vania  106 

Syracuse,  New  York,  Forty- 
first  Separate  Company  of..  85 

TENNESSEE,  Second  Regi 
ment  detailed  to  provost 

guard 104 

Tenth  Battalion,  Third  Regi 
ment,  company  D 110 

Tenth    Regiment    Infantry,    U. 

S.    A 113 

Third    Battalion,    Third    Regi 
ment     Infantry,     New 

York    Volunteers 87 

91,  93,  105 

praised   for   conduct   while 
on       duty       as       provost 

guard 94 

companies    I,    K,   L   and   D 
detailed       for        provost 

duty 95 

on  duty  as  provost  guard,  104 
Third        Regiment       Artillery, 

New  York  Volunteers 107 

Third        Regiment        Infantry, 

Missouri 91,  103,  105 

at  Camp  Alger 89 


PAGE 

Third  Regiment  Infantry, 
Missouri,  presented  with 
loving  cup  by  Third  New 

York  Regiment   100 

Third  Regiment,  National 
Guard,  New  York,  com 
posed  of  organizations 

of  Fourth  Brigade 83 

ordered  to  Camp  Black 84 

list  of  companies  and  offi 
cers  of  84-85 

became  Third  Regiment 
Infantry,  New  York  Vol 
unteers  85 

Third     Regiment,     New     York 

Volunteers 94 

102,  104,  107,  108,  109,  110 
112,  113,  115,  124,  125,  127 

history   of    83-128 

physical      examination      of 

>     members   of    86 

ordered    to    Dunn    Loring, 

Virginia   87 

starts  for  Camp  Alger 88 

colors  presented  to  by  Tal- 

bot  Olyphant    90 

receives  payment  for  ser 
vices  in  United  States 

Army 90 

ordered  to  be  increased  to 

maximum  strength   91 

over  300  recruits  added  to,     91 
suffered  heavy  loss  of  men 

from  typhoid  fever 91 

ordered  to  Manassas  Junc 
tion  94 

except      Third      Battalion, 

ready  to   march 95 

arrived  at  Burkes  Station,     96 
left    camp   at   Burkes    Sta 
tion  97 

arrived  at  Bull  Run  field..     98 

time  on  march 103 

ordered   to    relieve    Second 

Tennessee 104 

presented  loving  cup  to 
Third  Missouri  Regi 
ment  106 

started  for  home  stations,  106 
breakfast  served  to,  at  El- 

mira,  New  York 106 

furloughed  for  thirty  days,  106 
military  record   of   officers 
and        non-commissioned 

staff  officers   107-123 

military     record     of     non 
commissioned  staff. .    111-114 
military     record     of     com 
pany    officers    114-123 

roster  of  field  staff  and 
non-commissioned  staff,  123 


348  INDEX  —  THIRD  REGIMENT,  N.  Y.  STATE  VOLUNTEERS. 


PAGE 

Third  Eegiment,  New  York 
Volunteers: 

list  of  battalions  and  offi 
cers  of 85-86 

First  Battalion,  list  of 
companies  and  officers 
of  .  85 

Second  Battalion,  list  of 
companies  and  officers 
of 85 

Third  Battalion,  list  of 
companies  and  officers 
of 86 

company  A,  military  rec 
ord  of  officers  of 114 

company  B,  military  rec 
ord  of  officers  of 115 

company  C,  military  rec 
ord  of  officers  of 115-116 

company  D,  military  rec 
ord  of  officers  of....  116-117 

company  E,  military  rec 
ord  of  officers  of 117-118 

company  F,  military  rec 
ord  of  officers  of 118 

company  G,  military  rec 
ord  of  officers  of 118-119 

company  H,  military  rec 
ord  of  officers  of 119-120 

company  I,  military  rec 
ord  of  officers  of 120 

company  K,  military  rec 
ord  of  officers  of 120-121 

company  L,  military  rec 
ord  of  officers  of 121-122 

company  M,  military  rec 
ord  of  officers  of 112-123 

Thirteenth  Separate  Company, 

National   Guard,    New   York,  110 
Thirtieth    Separate    Company, 
National       Guard,       New 

York 93,  107,  109,  110,  112 

113,  120,  121,  122 

of    Elmira 84 

became  company  L 85 

mustered     out     of     United 

States   service 107 

Thirty-fourth  Separate  Com 
pany,  National  Guard, 
New  York 83,  87,  108,  115 

of    Geneva 84 

became  company  B,  Third 
Eegiment 85 

mustered     out     of     United 

States    service 107 

Thirty-eight       Separate     Com 
pany,    National   Guard,    New 

York 116 

Thoroughfare,    Virginia 102 

Thoroughfare   Gap,   Virginia..   104 
105,    106,    124,  125 


PAGE 

Tifft,  Captain  DeSolvo  H., 
company  D,  military  rec- 

of 116 

mustered  out 116 

Tonawanda,  New  York S6 

Twenty-fifth  Separate 

Company   of 84 

Towne,  Hospital  Steward 
Oscar  H.  G.,  military  rec 
ord  of 112 

died 112 

Tuck,  Hospital  Steward  Alex 
ander  C.,  company  G 123 

military   record    of 112 

mustered  out 112 

Twenty-second  Regiment  In 
fantry,  Kansas 89,  92,  105 

National  Guard,  New  York,     87 

company    E 109,  126 

Twenty-fifth  Separate  Com 
pany,  National  Guard,  New 

York 112,  118,  119 

Twenty-fifth  Separate  Com 
pany,  of  Tonawanda 84 

became  company  G,  Third 

Eegiment 86 

mustered     out     of     United 

States    service... 107 

Twenty-ninth  Separate  Com 
pany,  of  Medina 84,  93 

108,   117,  118 
became  company  F,  Third 

Eegiment 86 

mustered     out     of     United 

States    service 107 

Two  Hundred  and  Second 
Eegiment  Infantry,  New 

York  Volunteers 93,  109 

Two  Hundred  and  Third 
Eegiment  Infantry,  New 
York  Volunteers 115 

UNITED  STATES  83 

Army Ill,  132 

Fifth    Artillery 107 

Fifth   Cavalry.' 86 

Eighth  Cavalry 113 

Fifth    Infantry 113 

Tenth   Infantry 113 

Military   Academy 109 

service 86,  111,  112,  113 

114,  115,  116,  117,  118,  119 

120,    121,  122,  123,  125,  126 

Volunteers 114,  122 

VIRGINIA 102,  104 

WAGNER  (WADNER),  WIL 
LIAM  (Christian  F.  W.),  en 
listed  114 

War   Department 87,     91 


INDEX  —  THIRD  REGIMENT,  N.  Y.  STATE  VOLUNTEERS.    349 


PAGE 

Wardlaw,  Sergeant-Major 

George    A 123 

military   record    of Ill 

mustered  out Ill 

Warrenton,    Virginia,    citizens 

of 104 

Washington,  D.  C 88,  93,  104 

Garfield  Hospital  at 105 

Weber,  Second  Lieutenant 
Henry  H.,  company  I, 

military   record    of 120 

mustered  out 120 

Webster,  Second  Lieutenant 
Horace,  company  B,  ap 
pointed  second  lieuten 
ant  Two  Hundred  and 
Third  Regiment,  New 

York    Volunteers 115 

military   record   of 115 

resigned 115 

West  Point  Military  Academy,  109 
Wescott  (Westcott),  Alfred  A., 
company    L,    transferred    to 
band   114 


PAGE 

Whitehall,   North   Carolina 108 

Wilson,  Captain  William, 
Thirty-fourth  Separate 
Company,  nominated 

major 83,     84 

mustered        into        United 
States  service  as  major,     87 

major 87,  97,  123 

military   record   of 108 

mustered  out 108 

Wolf  Run  Shoals,  Virginia....     98 
Woman's   Relief   Corps,   served 
refreshments    to    the    men..   104 


YATES  FORD,  Virginia 99 

Yattau  (Yattan),  Musician 
Frank  A.,  company  A,  trans 
ferred  to  band 114 

Young,    Color   Bearer   William 

B.,  military  record  of...   113 

mustered  out 113 

Young  farm,  Pennsylvania 106 


INDEX. 


69th  Regiment,  New  York  State  Volunteers. 


For  the  sake  of  convenience,  each  one  of  the  five  military  organizations  included  in  this 
report  has  been  indexed  separately.  The  general  index  which  embraces  the  entire  report 
begins  on  page  381. — STATE  HISTORIAN. 


PAGE 

ALBANY,  New  York 128,  134 

138,  141,  146 
Alger,  Russell  A.,  Secretary  of 

War 147 

Andrews,  Brigadier-General 

John    N.,    U.    S.    A.,    Second 

Brigade 136,  137 

Anthony,  Colonel  Charles, 

Third  Ohio 135 

Atlanta,  Georgia 140 

BALTIMORE,  Maryland 132 

Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railway..  132 
Barren,  Captain  Hugh  J.,  com 
pany  L    130 

resigned 147 

Birmingham,    Alabama 143 

Black,  Governor  Frank  S 131 

133,  137 
visited       encampment       of 

Sixty-ninth  Regiment. . . .  144 
Bolger,       Second       Lieutenant 

John  F.,  company  E....  130 
recommended    to    be    first 

lieutenant  company  E...   131 
Bowman   and     Harsh,    Messrs. 

Birmingham,    Alabama 143 

Brooke,    General    John    R.,    U. 

S.   A 132,  133,  134 

Brown,  Colonel  Oscar  J.,  Sec 
ond    Georgia 135,  140 

Wilson,    and   infirmary. . . .   143 
Bryant,  First  Sergeant  William 
W.,   recommended   to   be 
second    lieutenant    com 
pany  H 133 

resigned 150 

CAMP  BLACK,  Hempstead 
Plains,  Long  Island,  New 
York 128 


PAGE 

Camp      Forse       (Albert      G.), 
Huntsville,   Alabama....  146,  151 

Camp  Tampa,  Florida 128 

Camp      Wheeler,      Huntsville, 

Alabama 141,  142 

Carey,  Private  John,  company 

E,   injured   in   wreck 145 

Carpenter,      Brigadier-General 
Louis    H.,    U.    S.   A.,    Fourth 

Army    Corps 134,  135,  149 

Carroll,    General    Howard,    in 
spected  regiment   137 

Casey,    Private    Thomas,    com 
pany  F,   died 151 

Chaffee,      General      Adna     R., 
lieutenant-general  U.  S.  A..  150 

Chickamauga,   Georgia 135 

137,  138 

Sixty-ninth  Regiment  In 
fantry,  New  York  Volun 
teers,  ordered  to 132 

National  Military  Park, 
Georgia,  regiment  ar 
rived  at 133 

Cincinnati,   Ohio 132,  140 

Civil   War 132 

Collins,   Surgeon  George  W. . .  129 

Columbus,    Ohio 146 

Comba,  General  Richard,  U.  S. 

A 150 

Company  A 129,  148 

Company  B 129,  133 

141,  144,  147,  151 

Company   C 129,  131,  140,  148 

Company  D 129,  147,  148,  151 

Company  E..   130,  131,  133,  142,  145 

Company   F 130,  151 

Company  G..   130,  142,  143,  145,  148 

Company  H 130,  133 

Company   1 130,  147,  148 

Company  K 130,  133,  144,  148 


352      INDEX  —  SIXTY-NINTH  REGIMENT,  N.  Y.  STATE  VOLUNTEERS. 


PAGE 

Company   L 130,  147,  148 

Company   M 131,  134,  148 

Connellan,  Sergeant  John  J...   143 
Coppinger,  Major-General  John 

J.,   U.   S.  A 134,  136,   141 

retired 149 

Corps      Hospital,      Huntsville, 

Alabama 148 

Crimmins,  Private  Martin  L., 
First  Volunteer  Cavalry, 
commissioned  second 
lieutenant  Sixty-ninth 

Regiment 141 

appointed    second    lieuten 
ant   Regular   Army 147 

Cronin,       Second       Lieutenant 

Francis  J.,  company  L..   130 
promoted    first    lieutenant 

company   L 148 

recovered   from  illness....  150 
First  Lieutenant  James  M., 

company   G 130 

regimental         quarter 
master,    resigned 150 

Crowley,  First  Sergeant 
Charles  J.,  company  D, 
promoted  second  lieu 
tenant  company  D 148 

Private    Timothy   F.,    com 
pany       E,       injured       in 

wreck 145 

Cuba 150 

Cumming  (Cummings),  Second 
Lieutenant  Bernard  F.,  Jr., 
company  G 130 

DALEY,  SURGEON  ROBERT 

M 143 

Daly  (Daley),  Private  Thomas, 
company  E,  injured  in 

railway   wreck 145 

Chaplain   William  J.   B 129 

172,  173 

Davidson,  Regimental  Adju 
tant  John  A 129 

resigned 147 

Delaney,  Regimental  Quarter 
master  John  A. 129 

Devane,  Second  Lieutenant 
John  P.,  recommended  to 
be  first  lieutenant  com 
pany  M 131 

in    hospital 134 

recovered  from   illness....   138 
Devlin,  Captain  Daniel  C.,  com 
pany  H 130 

Division  Hospital 140 

Donahue,  Private  Henry  G., 
company  E,  injured  in 

wreck 145 

Donnelly,  Private  John  F., 
company  D,  died 151 


PAGE 
Donovan,       Lieutenant-Colonel 

Joseph    L 129 

Doran,  Private  Michael  J., 
company  E,  injured  in  rail 
way  wreck 145 

Duffy,  Colonel  Edward 129 

145,  151,  210 
report  of  his  regiment  for 

first  month 128-134 

report  of  his  regiment  for 

second    month 134-138 

report  of  his  regiment  for 

third    month 138-141 

report  of  his  regiment  for 

fourth   month 141-145 

report  of  his  regiment  for 

fifth  month... 7 146-148 

report  of  his  regiment  for 

sixth   month 148-151 

congratulated    on    appear 
ance  of  his  command...   147 
Duffy,    Captain   John   E.,    com 
pany  G    130 

Duffy,  John  E.,  attorney,  New 

York 143 

Duffy,     Private     Nicholas     H., 

company  B,  died 144 

Dwyer,  Corporal  Edward  J., 
company  K,  died 144 

EAST  RIVER,  New  York 132 

Emmet,       Second       Lieutenant 

Grenville  T.,  company  I,  130 
promoted     regimental     ad 
jutant  147 

FARLEY,   PRIVATE   PETER, 

company  G,  killed  in  wreck, 

143,  145 

Fernandina,  Florida 138 

140,   142,  144 

Sixty-ninth    Regiment     or 
dered    to 139 

Fifth  Regiment  Infantry,  Ohio,  135 
First     Battalion,      Sixty-ninth 
Regiment       Infantry,       New 

York    Volunteers 129 

First    Division,    Fourth    Army 

Corps 150 

First   Regiment  Cavalry,  U.   S. 

A 151 

U.  S.  V ._. .   141 

First        Regiment        Infantry, 

Florida 135 

Fitzgerald,  Judge  James, 
makes  presentation  address 

to  regiment 132 

Florida,  First  Regiment  Infan 
try  .' . .  135 

Flynn,  Private  Maurice  J., 
company  C,  died 140 


INDEX  —  SIXTY-NINTH  REGIMENT,  N.  Y.  STATE  VOLUNTEERS. 


PAGE 

Forse,  Major  Albert  G.,  First 
U.  S.  Cavalry,  killed  at  Fort 

San  Juan,   Cuba 151 

Fort  San  Juan,  Cuba 151 

Fourth  Army  Corps..   136,  141,  147 

First    Division 150 

Second  Division 134 

Third  Division 146 

Friendly  Sons  of  St.  Patrick 
presented  colors  to  regi 
ment  132 

Fushsius,  Surgeon  John  H 143 

GAGE,    LYMAN   J.,    Secretary 

of  Treasury   141 

Gallagher,   Private  Charles  A., 

company   G,  died 148 

Georgia  Second  Regiment  In 
fantry  135,  136,  140 

Gilgar,  Second  Lieutenant  Ed 
ward  P.,  company  K,  130,  133 
recommended    to   be    first 
lieutenant   and   battalion 

adjutant   131 

Glennon,  Sergeant  Frank,  com 
pany  G,  injured  in  wreck,  143 

died   from   injuries 145 

Glynn,  Regimental  Quarter 
master-Sergeant  Bernard  J., 
recommended  to  be  second 

lieutenant    company   E 133 

Gordon,  Corporal  William  F., 
company  D,  injured  in 

wreck 145 

Griffin,     Captain     Thomas     J., 

company    F 130 

Guilfoyle,    Second    Lieutenant 

William  F.,  company  A 129 

Guthrie,  Musician  John 
(Jacob),  company  G,  injured 
in  wreck 145 

HARAN,  LIEUTENANT  PAT 
RICK  M.,  company  A 129 

Harsh,    Messrs.    Bowman    and, 

Birmingham,    Alabama 143 

Healy,  Captain  Charles,  com 
pany  1 130,  140 

Hempstead  Plains,  Long  Isl 
and,  New  York 128 

Henry,   General  Guy  V.,   U.   S. 

"A 135,  136 

Henry,   First  Lieutenant  John 

J.,  company  B 129 

Huntsville,  Alabama 141 

146,  147,  148,  149,  151 

regiment  ordered  to 142 

sketch  of  camp  at 144 

IOWA 141 

National  Guard 137 

Ireland 132 

23 


PAGE 

JACKSONVILLE,  Florida,  Six 
ty-ninth  Regiment  Infantry, 
New  York  Volunteers,  or 
dered  to  136 

Jersey  City,  New  Jersey 132 

KEANEY,  FIRST  LIEUTEN 
ANT  FRANCIS  J.,  company 

K 130 

Kennan,    Colonel    Cortland    L., 

Fifth    Ohio J  35 

Kennedy,    Private    John,    com 
pany  M,  died 148 

First    Lieutenant   John    J., 

company  M 131 

recommended      to     be 

captain  company  C..   131 
absent  on  sick  leave..   140 
recovered  from  illness,  150 
Keogh,  First  Sergeant  Thomas 
F.,  promoted  second  lieuten 
ant  company  L 148 

Kilclive,  Private  Thomas,  com 
pany  G,  injured  in  wreck . . .  145 

LALOR      (LAWLOR),      SER 
GEANT  PATRICK  W.,  com 
pany  E,  injured  in  wreck. . . .   145 
Lane,     Private     Thomas,     com 
pany  E,  injured  in  wreck...   145 
Leary,    First    Lieutenant    Tim 
othy   Hill,   company   H 130 

Lexington,    Kentucky 132 

Lewis,    Private    Charles,    com 
pany  E,  injured  in  wreck...   145 
Lincoln,  Brigadier-General 

James    Rush 137,  141,  142 

congratulates       Colonel 
Duffy   on   appearance   of 

his  regiment    147 

praises       the       Sixty-ninth 

Regiment 149 

Little,        Second        Lieutenant 

James   H.,    company   F 130 

Long  Island,  New  York 128 

Louisville  and  Nashville  Rail 
road  143,  145 

Lynch,    Captain    Michael,    com 
pany   A 129 

absent   on  sick  leave 140 

rejoined      regiment,     com 
pany   A 144 

Major     Thomas     F.,     First 

Battalion 129 

in  hospital 134 

recovered  from  illness,  138 
Lytle  Station,  Georgia 133 

MacARTHUR,  COLONEL  AR 
THUR,  Paymaster  137 


354      INDEX  —  SIXTY-NINTH  REGIMENT,  N.  Y.  STATE  VOLUNTEERS. 


PAGE 

Maguire,      Second     Lieutenant 

Peter  W.,  company  H...   130 
recommended    to    be    cap 
tain   company   B 133 

Manning1,     Sergeant     John     J., 

company  E,  injured  in  wreck,  145 
Massarene,  Sergeant-Major 

William  G.,  recommended 
to     be     first     lieutenant, 

battalion   adjutant 133 

resigned 150 

McCarthy,       Captain       Daniel, 

company  K 130 

McCrystal,  Captain  Edward  T., 

company   B 129 

recommended  to  be  major,  133 
First     Lieutenant     William 

J.  1'.,  company  L....   130 
promoted  captain  com 
pany    L 147 

McGurrin,   Colonel  William  T., 

Thirty-second    Michigan 135 

McKenna,     Second    Lieutenant 

Patrick  J.,  company  C 129 

McMahon,      Private      Thomas, 
company       E,       injured       in 

wreck 145 

Meade,     Private     James,     com 
pany  E,  injured  in  wreck....    145 
Merritt,        Corporal        Samuel, 
company       E,       injured       in 

wreck 145 

Michigan,   Thirty-second   Regi 
ment  Infantry 135 

Molahan,  First  Lieutenant  Pat 
rick  J.,  company  1 130 

Montgomery,    Alabama 142 

Moran,   Private  John   F.,   com 
pany  G.  injured  in.  wreck....   145 

NATIONAL  GUARD,  Iowa....   137 
New  York 128 

Sixty-ninth      Regiment 

Infantry 156 

National  Military  Park,  Chick- 
amauga,     Georgia,    regiment 

arrived    at 133 

Newcastle,    Alabama 145 

Sixty-ninth     Regiment     in 

railroad    wreck    at 143 

Newport,  Kentucky 140 

New  York  city 132,  138,  139 

142,   144,  145,  148 

New   York   National    Guard...   128 
Sixty-ninth     Regiment     In 
fantry   156 

New  York  State 137,  150 

New  York  Volunteers,  Sixty- 
ninth  Regiment  Infan 
try  54,  67,  72 

134,  136,  138,  141,  146 
147,  148,  151,  172,  173,   210 


PAGE 

New    York    Volunteers,    Sixty- 
ninth  Regiment  Infantry: 

history    of 128-152 

composed  of  eight  com 
panies  128 

ordered  recruited  to  twelve 

companies 128 

roster  of  officers  of...   129-131 
list    of    recommended    pro 
motions    in 131,  133 

mustered        into        United 

States    service 132 

colors   presented   to 132 

ordered     to     Chickamauga, 

Georgia 132 

arrived  at  Ocala,  Florida..  135 
ordered  to  Jacksonville, 

Florida 136 

inspected  by  General  How 
ard  Carroll 137 

303  recruits  added  to 138 

ordered      to       Fernandina, 

Florida 139 

many     cases     of      typhoid 

fever    in 140 

visited  by  Governor  Leslie 

M.  Shaw  141 

ordered  to  Huntsville,  Ala 
bama  142 

in  railroad  wreck  at  New 
castle,  Alabama 143 

encampment  of,  visited  by 
Governor  Frank  S. 

Black   144 

return      of     casualties     in 

wreck    of 145 

list     of     deaths     for     fifth 

month 1 48 

praised  by   General   James 

Rush  Lincoln 149 

list  of  resignations  in,  for 

sixth  month 150 

camp  of,  inspected  by  War 
Investigating  Commis 
sion  151 

list    of    deaths    in    during 

sixth   month 151 

company  A,  officers  of....  129 
company  B,  officers  of....  129 
company  C,  officers  of....  129 
company  D,  officers  of....  129 
company  E,  officers  of....  130 
company  F,  officers  of....  130 
company  G,  officers  of....  130 
company  H,  officers  of....  130 

company   I,   officers   of 130 

company  K,  officers  of 130 

company  L,  officers  of 130 

company  M,  officers  of 131 

Noon,     Private     George,     com 
pany  E,  injured  in  wreck...   145 
North  river,   New  York 132 


INDEX  —  SIXTY-NINTH  REGIMENT,  N.  Y.  STATE  VOLUNTEERS.      355 


PAGE 

O'BRIEN,  CAPTAIN  JOHN  E., 

company   E 130 

Private   John   J.,    company 

K,  died 148 

Ocala,  Florida,  Sixty-ninth 
Regiment,  New  York  Volun 
teers,  arrived  at 135 

O'Connell,  First  Sergeant 
Michael,  recommended 
to  be  second  lieutenant 

company  K 133 

Private    Michael,    company 

G,    injured    in    wreck 145 

Ohio,  Third  Regiment  Infan 
try 135,  136,  140,  146 

Fifth  Regiment   Infantry..    135 
O'Keefe,     Corporal     Gerald     J., 
company    E,    injured    in 

wreck 145 

Private    William,    company 

G,  injured  in  wreck 145 

O'Sullivan,  Second  Lieutenant 
Mortimer  M.,  company 

B    129 

resigned 141 

Oswald,  Assistant  Surgeon 
Francis  L.,  appointed  sur 
geon  141 

PALMETTO  BEACH,  Florida, 

sketch  of 135 

camp  at 135-136 

unsanitary      condition      of 

camp    at 139 

Pentony,  Sergeant  John,  com 
pany  E,  injured  in  wreck...  145 

Philadelphia,   Pennsylvania 132 

Plunket,  Captain  James,  com 
pany  D 129 

resigned 147 

Port  Tampa,  Florida 136 

Pyne,  Private  William,  com 
pany  B,  died 151 

QUINN,  FIRST  LIEUTENANT 
THOMAS  J.,  company  C 129 

RAMS  AY,  SURGEON  GEORGE 

D.,   resigned    141 

Reardon,  Private  Thomas  J., 
company  E,  injured  in 
wreck 145 

Reilly,  Private  John,  company 

M,   died 148 

Patrick,   teamster,   injured 
in  wreck 145 

Reville,  First  Lieutenant 
Philip  E.,  company  F 130 

Roche,  Captain  John  J.,  com 
pany  M 131 

Roe,  General  Charles  F.,  Fifth 
Brigade,  National  Guard, 
New  York 128,  129 


PAGE 

Rooney,       Second      Lieutenant 

Leo  J.  F.,  company  M 135 

first  sergeant,  recom 
mended  to  be  second 

lieutenant 131 

Rossville,    Tennessee 134,  135 

Ryan,  First  Lieutenant  John 
J.,  recommended  to  be 

captain  company  E 131 

First  Lieutenant  Nicholas 
J.,  company  E 130 

ST.      PATRICK,      FRIENDLY 
SONS    OF,    presented    colors 

to  Regiment   132 

Santiago,    Cuba 150 

Scanlon,  Sergeant-Major  John 
P.,  recommended  to  be 
second  lieutenant  com 
pany  E 131 

second  lieutenant,  recom 
mended  to  be  first  lieu 
tenant,  battalion  adju 
tant  133 

Schuyler,     Captain    Walter    S., 

U.  S,  A 132 

Second    Battalion,    Sixty-ninth 
Regiment       Infantry,       New 

York    Volunteers 129 

Second    Division,    Third    Army 

Corps 133 

Fourth  Army  Corps 134 

Second       Regiment       Infantry, 

Georgia 135,  136,  140 

Shafter,  General  William  R.,  U. 

S.  A   135 

Shaw,  Governor  Leslie  M., 
visited  Sixty-ninth  Regi 
ment  141 

addressed  Sixty-ninth 

Regiment 142 

Sherlock,     Private     James     J., 
company       E,       injured       in 

wreck 145 

Sixty-ninth  Regiment  Infan 
try,  National  Guard, 

New  York 156 

New  York  Volunteers 54 

67,  72,  134,  136,  138 
141,  146,  147,  148 
151,  172,  173,  210 

history   of 128-152 

composed       of       eight 

companies 128 

ordered     recruited     to 

twelve  companies....   128 
roster         of         officers 

of 129-131 

list     of     recommended 

promotions    in..    131,  133 
mustered    into    United 
States    service..          .   132 


356     INDEX  —  SIXTY-NINTH  REGIMENT,  N.  Y.  STATE  VOLUNTEERS. 


PAGE 

Sixty-ninth     Regiment     Infan 
try,  National  Guard,  New 
York: 
New  York  Volunteers: 

colors   presented   to...   132 
ordered       to       Chicka- 

mauga,    Georgia 132 

arrived  at  Ocala,  Flor 
ida   135 

ordered      to      Jackson 
ville,  Florida 136 

inspected     by     General 

Howard   Carroll 137 

303  recruits  added  to..   138 
ordered  to  Fernandina, 

Florida  .  .    139 

many  cases  of  typhoid 

fever  in 140 

visited      by      Governor 

Leslie    M.    Shaw 141 

ordered   to   Huntsville, 

Alabama 142 

in    railroad    wreck    at 

Newcastle,  Alabama.   143 
encampment  of,  visited 
by    Governor    Frank 

S.   Black 144 

return  of  casualties  in 

wreck  of 145 

list  of  deaths  for  fifth 

month 148 

praised       by       General 

James  Rush  Lincoln,  149 
list   of  resignations  in 

for  sixth  month 150 

camp   of,   inspected  by 
War         Investigating 

Commission 151 

list  of  deaths  in  during 

sixth  month 151    | 

company  A,  officers  of,  129 
company  B,  officers  of,  129 
company  C,  officers  of,  129 
company  D,  officers  of,  129 
company  E,  officers  of,  130 
company  F,  officers  of,  130 
company  G,  officers  of,  130 
company  H,  officers  of,  130 
company  I,  officers  of,  130 
company  K,  officers  of,  130 
company  L,  officers  of,  130 
company  M,  officers  of,  131 
Skelly,  Private  Thomas  J., 
company  E,  injured  in 

wreck 145 

Snyder,  Brigadier-General  Si 
mon,  U.  S.  A 134 

Southern   Railroad 133,  134 

Spellman,     Major    Michael    J., 

Second  Battalion 129 

Sullivan,  Regimental  Sergeant- 
Major  Daniel  P.,  promoted 
second  lieutenant  company  I,  148 


PAGE 

Sweeney,  Private  William, 
company  C,  died 148 

TAMPA,  Florida   ....   128,  134,  135 
136,  137,  139,  140 

Tettamore,  Assistant  Surgeon 
Frank  L.  R 129 

Third  Army  Corps,  Second  Di 
vision  133 

Third  Division,  Fourth  Army 
Corps 135,  136,  146 

Third  Regiment  Infantry, 
Ohio 135,  136,  140,  146 

Thirty-second  Regiment  In 
fantry,  Michigan 135 

Thirty-fourth  street  ferry, 
New  York 132 

Tillinghast,  Adjutant-General 
C.  Whitney,  ordered  regi 
ment  recruited  to  twelve 
companies 128 

Tracy  (Tracey),  Private 
James,  company  A,  died 148 

Tuite,        Second        Lieutenant 

James  J.,  company  D...   129 
promoted    captain 147 

Twelfth  Regiment  Infantry, 
U.  S.  A 136,  150 

Twenty-third  street  ferry, 
New  York 132 

UNITED   STATES    128 

Army 132 

First    Cavalry 151 

Twelfth  Infantry..  136,  150 

service 132 

troops 128 

VAUGHAN,  PRIVATE  MI= 
CHAEL,  company  E,  injured 
in  wreck 145 

WAR  DEPARTMENT  140 

War  Investigating  Commission, 
inspected  camp  of  Sixty- 
ninth  Regiment 151 

Wheeler,  General  Joseph,  U.  S. 

A 149,  151 

Wheeling,  West  Virginia 132 

Williams,    Colonel    William    F., 

First    Florida 135 

Wilson  and  Brown  Infirmary. .   143 
WToodward,     First     Lieutenant 
Christopher  H.   R.,   company 

D 129 

resigned 150 

Wright,  Sergeant  Nicholas, 
company  E,  injured  in 
wreck 145 

YOUNG,  PRIVATE  THOMAS, 

company   C,   died 148 


INDEX. 


71st  Regiment,  New  York  State  Volunteers. 


For  the  sake  of  convenience,  each  one  of  the  five  military  organizations  included  in  this 
report  has  been  indexed  separately.  The  general  index  which  embraces  the  entire  report 
begins  on  page  381. — STATE  HISTORIAN. 


PAGE 

ABEEL,  ADJUTANT  ALFRED 

HAVENS 219,  303 

lieutenant  company  M.,  ap 
pointed    adjutant 177 

difficulty  in  landing- 214 

Ahern,  Corporal  William  J., 
company  I,  wounded  in 
action  at  San  Juan  Hill, 

Cuba 244 

Aid   Society,  Bronx  borough..   285 

Albany,  New  York 182 

Alden,   Frank   E.,   company   L, 

died  of  malarial  fever 252 

Alger,  General  Russell  A.,  de 
cided  to  have  troops  re 
moved  to  Montauk  Point . . .  287 

Allatooiia   Pass,    Georgia 256 

Althause,  Private  Joseph  F., 
wounded  in  action  at  San 

Juan  Hill,  Cuba 245 

American  forces 215 

Andalusian   quarter,    Santiago, 

Spanish  soldiers  housed  in..   272 
Andre,    Private    Charles,    com 
pany  K,   wounded   in   action 

at  San  Juan  Hill,  Cuba 245 

Andrews,   Major  Avery  D 161 

Aquadores,  feint  made  to  land 

troops  at 212 

Army       Commission,       Y.       M. 

C.   A 174,  175,  283 

work   in  Cuba 281 

Army   Corps,    headquarters    at 

Tampa  Bay  Hotel,  Florida..   178 
Artesian  wells  sunk  to  supply 
water    for    camp    at    Tampa 

Heights 186 

Articles    of   war 189 

Associated   Press 207 

Astor,  Lieutenant-Colonel  John 
Jacob 260,  262 


PAGE 

Atlanta,    Georgia 257 

Atlantic   liner 199 

Austin,    Captain    Elmore    Far- 

rington,  company  L 235 

with  company  L,  among 
first  troops  to  arrive  on 
San  Juan  Hill,  Cuba 233 

BABBITT,  GEORGE  M.,  com 
pany  M,  died  on  board   ship 

and  buried  at  sea 253,  290 

Babcock,     Private    George    L., 

company   B    183,  184 

Babcock,  Mrs.  George  L. .  183,  184 
Bahama  channel,  Great...  200,  204 
Baiquiri  (Daiquiri),  Cuba..  212,  269 

artillery   at 225 

Barnum,  John  M.,  company  G, 

died   of  dysentery 250 

Barrett,      Charles     F.,     repre 
sented     Army      Commission, 

Y.   M.   C.  A 269 

270,  281,  283 

Barrett,  Private   Malcolm,  com 
pany   M,   wounded   in   action 

at  San  Juan  Hill,  Cuba 245 

Barton,  Miss  Clara 273,  274 

Bateman,  Chaplain  Cephas  C., 
Sixteenth  Infantry 
Regulars,  assisted  chap 
lain  290 

appointed  chaplain  at  Gen 
eral  Hospital,  Montauk 

Point 293 

Bates,         Adjutant         William 

Graves 172,  182 

appointed  captain  volun 
teers  181 

Bayonne,  New  Jersey 248 

Beatty,  Quartermaster-Ser 
geant  John  H 282 


358    INDEX  —  SEVENTY-FIRST  KEGT.,  N.  Y.  STATE  VOLUNTEERS. 


PAGE 

B  e  a  1 1  y,  Quartermaster-Ser 
geant  John  H.,  detailed 
to  Siboney  to  handle 
mail  for  the  regiment. . .  243 

Bedloes   Island,  New  York 164 

Beekman,    Lieutenant    William 

Schuyler,  company  B....   182 
recuperating     at     Siboney, 

Cuba      243 

Bell,  Major  and  Surgeon  Wil 
liam  Duffield 193 

208,    218,  237 

mustered  into  United 
States  service  as  sur 
geon  156 

sick 276 

things  at  their  worst  when 
he  was  stricken  with 

fever 286 

Bigelow,  Poultney,  Herald  cor 
respondent  169  | 

Black,  Governor  Frank  S 155 

171,  295 

reviewed  troops    160 

Black,    Joseph   L,   company   K, 

died  of  entero  colitis 251 

Blanco,  Captain-General,  or 
dered  Admiral  Cervera  to 
take  his  entire  fleet  out  to 

sea 239 

Blauvelt,  Quartermaster-Ser 
geant  Lester  J.,  company 
B,  appointed  second  lieu 
tenant  company  K 182 

detailed      commissary      of 

regiment 182 

Bloody    Bend,    a    thick    gulch 

near  El  Poso,  Cuba 229,  241    j 

Booth,  Private  Frank  W., 
company  F,  appointed 

amanuensis 212    | 

buried  near  the  ford  be 
low  San  Juan  Hill, 

Cuba   240 

killed     in     action     at     San 

Juan  Hill,  Cuba 250 

Booth,  Private  John,  company 
L,  buried  near  the  ford 
below  San  Juan  Hill, 

Cuba 240 

killed     in     action     at     San 

Juan  Hill,  Cuba. 252 

Boston,    Massachusetts 249 

Bostwick,    Mr . .   183,  184 

Botts,  Private  John  M.,  com 
pany  A,  wounded  in  action  at 

San"  Juan  Hill,  Cuba 245 

Bourke,      John,      company     H, 

died  of  typhoid  fever 251    j 

Boyiiton,  Sergeant  Charles  F., 
company  B,  appointed  sec 
ond  lieutenant  company  B..  183 


PAGE 

Brett,  Captain  Lloyd  M.,  Third 
United  States  Cavalry, 
detailed  as  mustering- 
out  officer  of  the 
Seventy-first  Regiment...  303 
guest  at  dinner  given  to 
Seventy-first  Regiment 

officers 303 

Brewer,    Eben,    United    States 
postmaster  in  .Cuba,  died  of 

yellow   fever 243 

Brittain,   Charles  A 269,  270 

gave  tent  to  regiment  for 

hospital 283 

Broadway,   New  York 298 

Broadway  Tabernacle,  Thirty- 
fourth  street,  New  York 180 

Bronx  borough,  New  York 285 

Brooklyn,  New  York 248 

249,    253,    298,  301 

Brower,   Charles   D. 174 

Brown,  Private  Clinton  B., 
company  M,  buried  near 
the  ford,  below  San  Juan 

Hill,   Cuba    240 

killed     in     action     at     San 

Juan  Hill,  Cuba 253 

Brown,   Private  John  K.,  com 
pany  D,  wounded  in  action  at 

San  Juan  Hill,  Cuba 245 

Brown,  Walter  J.,  company  D, 

died  of  dysentery 248 

Burhans,   Arthur   D.,   company 

C,  died  of  disease 248 

Butt,           Brigadier-G  e  n  e  r  a  1 
McCoskry 156 

CALENTURA,  or  yellow  fever,  276 

California '. 171 

Camp         Black,         Hempstead 

Plains,  New  York 154 

155,   158,  161,  163 
164,  168,    169,  172,  174 
176,  211,  253,  285,  304 
account    of    water     supply 

at 162 

Colonel      MacArthur      paid 

the  men  at 293 

200   recruits   had   been   en 
camped  at 295 

regiment    ordered    to,    for 
muster-out       of      United 
States  volunteer  service,  302 
Camp  Wikoff,   Montauk   Point, 

Long   Island....   246,  247,  248 
249,  250,  251,  252,  253 
inefficient  management,  es 
pecially    of   hospitals 294 

sick  of  regiment  sailed  for,   296 
list  of  regiment  dead  at..   303 


INDEX  —  SEVENTY-FIRST  REGT.,  N.  Y.  STATE  VOLUNTEERS.    359 


PAGE 

Canning-,  Private  George  C., 
company  I,  "  Rag-Time 

Jimmy"    206 

Capron,  Allyn,  U.  S.  A.,  mili 
tary  record  of 259 

died  near  Fort  Myer,  Vir 
ginia  259 

Capron,  Captain  Allyn  Kissam, 

military    record   of 218 

killed     in     action     at     Las 

Guasimas,   Cuba    259 

Caribbean  Sea   290 

Carlisle,  Corporal  Lewis  W., 
company  M,  wounded  in 
action  at  San  Juan  Hill, 

Cuba 245 

died  from  wounds  received 
in    action    at    San    Juan 

Hill,   Cuba    253 

Carmer,  William  R.,  company 
E,  died  on  board  Mis 
souri,  at  sea 249 

Carolina,  South  216 

Carolinas,  The,  campaign  of..   256 
Carpenter,  Harry  F.,  company 

F,  died  of  typhoid  malaria..   250 
Carroll,      Private      James      F., 
company  M,  wounded  in  ac 
tion  at  San  Juan  Hill,  Cuba.   244 
Carswell,  Nathan  H.,  company 

L,  died  of  malarial  fever 252 

Cavanaugh,   John  F.,   company 

L,  died  of  fever 7 252 

Cervera,  Pasqual  (Pascual), 
Admiral,  ordered  to  take 

his  fleet  to  sea 239    j 

lost  every  vessel  at  Santi 
ago  239 

Chaffee's  brigade  of  regulars, 
ordered  into  final  charge  on 

El  Caney,  Cuba 257 

Cheevers,    Private   William    E., 

company  I,  died  of  fever,  251 
buried     beyond     entrench 
ments      near      Santiago, 

Cuba   283 

Chickamauga,  Georgia    ...   108,  211 
City  of  Washington,  transport 

ship 175 

Civil  War 160,  166,  175 

veterans,   escort  of 300 

Clark,   Alexander   H,   company 

D,  died  of  typhoid  fever 248 

Clark  (Clarke),  Private  Wash 
ington  B.,  company  B, 
wounded  in  action  at  San 

Juan   Hill,   Cuba 244 

Cochran,    Colonel    Melville    A., 

U.  S.  A 185 

Columbia    University,    New 

York 183 

Commissary   department    159 


PAGE 
Commissary  department,  signs 

of  improvement  in 276 

Company  A,  Seventy-first  Regi 
ment  176,  182,  183 

184,  236,  237,  240 
244,  245,  246,  247 
only  ten  men  remained  for 

camp  duty   294 

Company  A,  Thirtieth  Indiana 

Volunteer  Infantry 257 

Company  B,  Seventy-first  Regi 
ment...    182,  183,  184,  206,  231 
240,  243,  244,  245,  247 
ordered  to  march  to  Santi 
ago    and   take   transport 
for  Montauk,  New  York,  288 
Company  C,  Seventy-first  Regi 
ment 206,  217,  231,  240 

244,  245,  246,  248 
Company  D,  Seventy-first  Regi 
ment  236,  245,  248 

Company  E,  Seventy-first  Regi 
ment 192,  206,  219,  244 

245,  246,  249,  280,  303 
Company  E,  Ninth  Indiana  In 
fantry  257 

Company  F,  Seventy-first  Regi 
ment 153,  162,  194,  206 

211,  212,  231,  236,  237,  240 
244,  245,  246,  250,  283,  290 
led    by    Captain    Rafferty, 
among  first  troops  to  ar 
rive  on  San  Juan  Hill...   233 

losses  severe    236 

Company  G,  Seventy-first  Regi 
ment    191,    236,  237 

244,  245,  246,  250 
Company  H,  Seventy-first  Regi 
ment,  first  company  to  en 
camp  for  examination  and 
muster  into  volunteer  ser 
vice  155 

Company  II,  Seventy-first  Regi 
ment    206,   236,  243 

244,  245,  246,  251 
Company  I,  Seventy-first  Regi 
ment   170,  192,  194,  206 

237,  240,  244,  251 
led      by     Captain      Meeks, 
among  first  to  arrive  on 

San  Juan  Hill,  Cuba 234 

Company  K,  Seventy-first  Regi 
ment   182,  218,  231,  240 

244,  245,  251,  303 

Company  K,  Seventh  Regiment,  181 
Company  L,  Seventy-first  Regi 
ment   164,  235,  240,  244,  245 

252,  280,  281,  290,  303 
led     by      Captain      Austin, 
among  first  troops  to  ar 
rive    on    San    Juan    Hill, 
Cuba  .  .  .233 


360    INDEX  —  SEVENTY-FIRST  REGT.,  N.  Y.  STATE  VOLUNTEERS. 


PAGE 

Company  L,  Seventy-first  Regi 
ment,  ordered  to  march  to 
Santiago  to  take  transport 

for  Montauk 288 

Company  M,  Seventy-first  Regi 
ment   164,  177,  182,  183 

236,  237,  240,  244 
245,  253,  290,  295 
led    by    Captain    Goldsbor- 
ough,  among  first  troops 
to    arrive    on    San    Juan 

Hill,   Cuba    234 

losses  severe  236 

detailed  to  unload  wagons 
and    put    goods     aboard 

transport 289 

Concho,  transport   273 

Conger,      Private     Alfred      B., 
company  M,  wounded  in  ac 
tion  at  San  Juan  Hill,  Cuba.  244 
Congress,     resolution     of,     de 
clared    war    between    United 

States  and  Spain 153 

Conklin,  Eugene,  representing 
Seventy-first  Veteran  Associ 
ation  180 

Conkling,    Colonel,    Civil    War 

veteran 297 

Conroy,     Alexander,     company 

L,  deserted   252 

Convent  Station,  New  Jersey..  256 
Cook,  George  W.,  company  E, 

died  of  malarial  fever 249 

Cornell       University,       Ithaca, 

New  York   167 

Craigie,    Charles    E.,    company 

M,  died  of  fever 253 

Crockett,  First  Lieutenant  Wil 
liam  Francis,  company 
A,  appointed  first  lieu 
tenant  and  battalion  ad 
jutant  v 182 

battalion  adjutant  183 

Crosley  (Crosby),  Norman  W., 
company  K,  died  of  fever. . .  252 

Cuba 153,  169,  175,  178 

191,  196,  198,  206,  212,  214,  216 
227,  229,  243,  246,  247,  248,  249 
250.  251,  252,  253,  254,  267,  268 
272,  285,  288,  295,  296,  301,  305 

regiment    ordered   to 188 

order  of  advance  of  Ameri 
can       transports       from 

Florida  to    195 

expedition  to,  temporarily 

suspended 198 

fleet    again    starts    on    its 

mission  to   200 

army  commission  work  in,  281 
troops  and  yellow  fever...   287 
Cuban  Army,  a  wrretched  look 
ing  body  of  men 225 


PAGE 

Cuban  Army,  to  intercept  re 
inforcements  225 

Cuban  campaign,  July  1st,  1898, 

most  eventful  day  of....  226 

most  trying  period  of 270 

Cuban  or  yellow  fever 276 

Cuban   hamlet    214 

Cuban  insurgents 214 

Cuban   settlement,   Ybor    City, 

Florida 183,  184,  185,  1S3 

Cuban  troops,  complaint  of  of 
ficers  229 

Cubans,  The   215 

Cubans,   company   of 223 

Cubans 225 

stampede  of,  at  foot  of  El 

Poso  Hill,  Cuba 223 

unfit  to  fight  for  liberty  or 

appreciate  it 229 

three,    struck    by    Spanish 

shrapnel 261 

pauper-stricken  and  starv 
ing,    journeying    toward 

Santiago,  Cuba    271 

1,400  tons  of  food  sent  by 

United  States  for 273 

thousands    of    them    starv 
ing,     surged     about     the 
wharf,  waiting  to  be  fed,  273 
Cunningham,  Private  Peter  J., 
company  L,  wounded  in   ac 
tion  at  San  Juan  Hill,  Cuba. .  245 
Cushing,    Charles    P.    F.,    com 
pany   C,    killed   in    action    at 

San  Juan  Hill,  Cuba 248 

Cutting,  Sergeant  Charles  W., 
company  L,  wounded  in  ac 
tion  at  San  Juan  Hill,  Cuba. .  244 


DAIQUIRI    (Baiquiri),   Cuba... 

212,  269 

artillery  at    225 

Daly,  Private  Michael,  com 
pany  M,  buried  near  the 
ford  below  San  Juan 

Hill,  Cuba    240 

killed     in     action     at     San 

Juan  Hill,   Cuba 253 

Daly,  Father  William  J.  B., 
chaplain  Sixty-ninth  Regi 
ment  Infantry  172,  173 

Dangui  fever,  or  yellow  fever..  276 

Dattwyler,  Private  Oscar 211 

Decker,  Private  Joseph  S.,  com 
pany  I,  buried  near  the 
ford  below  San  Juan 

Hill,   Cuba    240 

killed     in     action     at     San 
Juan  Hill,   Cuba 251 


INDEX  —  SEVENTY-FIRST  REGT.,  N.  Y.  STATE  VOLUNTEERS.    361 


PAGE 

Derby,  Captain  George  McC., 
U.  S.  A.,  balloon,  which  indi 
cated  to  the  enemy  exact  lo 
cation  of  our  troops 230 

Deutschberger,  Private  Charles, 
company  C,  wounded  in  ac 
tion  at  San  Juan  Hill, 

Cuba 231,  244 

Dinan,    John    J.,    company    F, 

died  of  fever 250 

Division  Hospital 228,  235,  238 

239,  240,  246 

Dixon,  Private  Thomas  J.,  Jr., 
company  A,  wounded  in   ac 
tion  at  San  Juan  Hill,  Cuba. .  244    j 
Dodd,   Reuben   X.,   company  B, 
accidentally    killed    at    New 

York   city    247 

Dodge,  Cleveland  H.,  president 
Y.  M.  C.  A.  of  New  York 

city    174,    180,  292    ! 

Donnelly,       Private       Leo       J., 
company  M,  wounded   in   ac 
tion  at  San  Juan  Hill,  Cuba. .   245 
Downs,       Lieutenant-Colonel 

Wallace  Abel 164,  171 

mustered        into        United 

States   service    157 

promoted  colonel   182 

colonel..    152,  153,    174,    176,  177 
178,  184,  185,  186,  189 
196,  202,  203,  205,  207 
209,  210,  212,  215,  219 
220,  224,  233,  234,  237 
267,  269,  283,  290,  300 
selects  Vigilancia  to  trans 
port  regiment  to  Cuba..   197 
received  orders  from  Gen 
eral     Kent     and     obeyed 

them 231 

led  his  regiment,  under 
heavy  fire,  along  the 

trail  to  the  ford 232 

with  regiment,  halted  at 
ford,  awaiting  further 

orders 232 

received  orders  to  prepare 

to    advance    258 

halted  on  roadside,  await 
ing  passage  of  two  regi 
ments  he  was  to  follow,  259  i 
received  a  letter,  praising 
the  bravery  of  the  regi 
ment  266  ; 

ordered        delicacies        dis 
tributed  among  the  sick,  275 
secured  tents  for  the  sick,  276 

down   with   fever 276 

received  $100  from  Relief 
Society  of  Seventy-first 
Regiment 278 


PAGE 

Downs,       Lieutenant-Colonel 

Wallace     Abel,     received 

official    notification    that 

Spain  had  sued  for  peace,  278 

senior  colonel,  in  command 

of   First   Brigade 282 

brief  address,  at  armory. .   302 
regiment  on  leave  for  sixty 

days 302 

presided   at  dinner 303 

address  at  dinner  given  to 

officers 303 

Downs,  Mrs.  Wallace  Abel 291 

Drum       Corps,       Seventy-first 
Regiment  Infantry,  New 
York  Volunteers   ...   190,  207 
took  care  of  the  wounded 

at  San  Juan  Hill,  Cuba . .  235 
Dry  Tortugas,  island  southwest 

of  Florida   200 

Duffy,  Colonel  Edward,  condi 
tion  of  Sixty-ninth  Regi 
ment  210 

Dunning,  Private  Thomas  G. 
(Thomas  J.),  company 

M 237 

died  of  fever    253 

Dunwoody,  Private  Joseph, 
company  D,  wounded  in 
action  at  San  Juan  Hill, 

Cuba 245 

died  from  wounds  received 
in  action  at  San  Juan 
Hill,  Cuba  248 

EARL,  DAVID  M.,  company  M, 

died  of  fever 254 

East  river,  New  York 298 

Ebbeson  (Ebberson),  Ebbe, 
company  L,  died  at  sea  and 
buried  at  Moiitauk,  New 

York 253,  303 

Edwards,        Private        Charles, 

company  I 237 

Egan,  Dr 274 

Eighteenth  Regiment  Infan 
try  220,  227 

Eiseman,  Private  Leander  G., 
company  F,  wounded  in  ac 
tion  at  Sari  Juan  Hill,  Cuba. . 

245,  250 

El   Caney,   Cuba 220,  233 

242,  256,  257 

Spaniards  retreated  to  en 
trenchments  225 

attack  contemplated  on...  225 

battle   at    226 

strongly  garrisoned  and 
occupied  by  Spanish 
troops 227 


362    INDEX  —  SEVENTY-FIRST  REGT.,  N.  Y.  STATE  VOLUNTEERS. 


PAGE 

El  Caney,   Cuba,   original   plan 
of  attack  upon,  changed 

by  turn  of  events 232 

Capron's    artillery    opened 

fire  on   259 

Lawton's  division  engaging 

enemy  at    260 

Chaplain  Van  Dewater  er 
roneously  published  as 
among  the  victims  of 

battle   at    281 

El  Poso,  Cuba 240,  258,  260 

sketch  of  road  leading  to. .   229 
Seventy-first    Eegiment 

marched  toward  260 

light  artillery  battery  sta 
tioned  on  128 

stampede     of     Cubans     at 

foot   of    228 

where  Bough  Eiders  had 
several  losses  in  killed 

and  wounded   228 

Engelke,  Private  Brandt  H 176 

baptized     by     chaplain     of 

regiment 175 

En  gels,   Frederick  L,   company 
F,     died     on     board     La 

Grande  Duchesse   250 

buried  at  Montauk  Point..  290 

Engineer  Corps,  U.  S.  A 230 

unable  to  make  or  keep 
roads  in  proper  condition 

for    traffic    271 

Episcopalian  chapel,  at  Lake 
land,  Florida  170,  175 

Ess,  Private  Anton 206 

Euramadas,  principal  street  in 
Santiago,     Cuba,     sketch 

of 272 

Euster,  Private  Maurice,  com 
pany  E,  wounded  in  action  at 

San  Juan  Hill,  Cuba 245 

Everett,  Corporal  Robert  G., 
company  L,  died  of  typhoid 
fever 253 

FANCIULLI,  PROF.  FRAN= 
CISCO,  leader  of  Seventy- 
first  Regimental  Band 298 

Featherstone,  Private  George 
F.,  company  F,  wounded  in 
action  at  San  Juan  Hill, 
Cuba 245 

Ferguson,  Private  G.  company 
E,  recitation 206 

Field  Hospital,  Santiago,  Cuba,  252 

Fifth   Army   Corps...   212,    230,  255 
remained  on  the  hills  three 

miles  from   Santiago....   269 
first  division  177 

Fifth  avenue,  New  York 155 

Fifth  Regiment  Infantry 218 


PAGE 

Firmeza,    Cuba    215 

excluded    station    for    yel 
low  fever  patients..   219,  243 
yellow    fever    camp,    some 
sick        of        Seventy-first 

Regiment  at   296 

First    Battalion,     Seventy-first 

Regiment 221,  235,  236 

detailed    to    build    bridges 

and  improve  roads 241 

halted  on  roadside 259 

believed  it  had  been  am 
bushed  .  .  . , 263 

First     Division,     Fifth     Army 

Corps 177 

First  Regiment   217 

First  Regiment  Artillery 259 

First  Regiment  Cavalry,  Ohio,  167 
First  Regiment  Cavalry,  United 

States  Volunteers    217 

218,  228 
encountered  Spanish  troops 

in  the  jungle 216 

commonly  known  as  Roose 
velt  Rough  Riders..  216,  218 

First  Regiment  Infantry 227 

National  Guard,  New 
York,  or  First  Provis 
ional  Regiment  156 

Fish,    Sergeant    Hamilton,    Jr., 
company  K,  instantly  killed 

at  Las  Guasimas,  Cuba 218 

Fisher,   First  Lieutenant  Har 
ris  Baldwin,  company  M,  183 
appointed    first    lieutenant 

and  battalion  adjutant..   182 
ordered    to    rear    to    draw 
ammunition       under       a 

galling  fire    239 

Fisher,     Irving     P.,     of     New 

York 180 

Fitzgerald,    Thomas    H.,    com 
pany  C,  died  of  disease 248 

Fitzgibbon,    John   J.,   company 
L,    died    on    board    Missouri 

and  buried  at  sea 253 

Flint,   Private   Frank   L.,   com 
pany   H,   wounded    in   action 

at  San  Juan  Hill,  Cuba 245 

Florence,   Italy    184 

Florida 166,  167,  177 

185,  187,  259,  267 
order  of  advance  of  Ameri 
can    transports    to    Cuba 

from 195 

Foley,    Private    Louis    B,    com 
pany   K,   wounded   in   action 

at  San  Juan  Hill,  Cuba 244 

Fonseca,    Francisco   E .' . . .   270 

Forsyth,   Stanley  H.,  company 

E,  died  of  fever 249 

Fort  Myer,  Virginia 259 


INDEX  —  SEVENTY-FIRST  REGT.,  N.  Y.  STATE  VOLUNTEERS. 


363 


PAGE 

Fort  San  Juan,  Cuba 267 

Fort  Tampa,  Florida 152 

Fort     Pond     Bay,     within     the 
hook  of  Montauk  Point, 

regiment  arrived  at 290 

regiment  removed  from 
detention  camp  to  per 
manent  camp  at 294 

Forty-first  Regiment  Infantry,  257 
Forty-seventh  Regiment  Infan 
try,     National     Guard,     New 

York 156 

Fourteenth  Regiment  Infan 
try,  National  Guard,  New 

York 156 

Fourth  Regiment  Cavalry 257 

troop  B 218 

Fourth  Regiment  Infantry....   220 

regulars 287 

Francis,  Major  Augustus  T. . . .   166 
assigned  to  special  care  of 

armory 165 

commissioned  colonel  171st 

Regiment 165 

recruited  new  regiment...   165 
with  his   officers   met   Sev 
enty-first     Regiment     at 

Long    Island    City 297 

guest 303 

Free  Masons,  Lakeland  Lodge 
of,  give  reception  and  ban 
quet  to  Masonic  brethren  of 

regiment 180 

Free  Masons,  New  York,  Grand 

Lodge   of    181 

Freidmann  (Freidman),  Pri 
vate  Paul  W.,  died  on  board 

Missouri  at  sea 249 

French,  Private  John  W.,  com 
pany  F 212 

detailed   as    amanuensis. . .   153 
ill  with  yellow  fever 153 

GANNON,  PRIVATE  ROBERT 

E.,   company  L,   wounded   in 
action     at     San     Juan     Hill, 

Cuba 245 

Garcia,      General     Y.      Iniquez 

Calixto 214 

with  his  staff  passed  by 
the  camp  of  regiment...  225 

Garden  City,  Long  Island 155 

Garfield,    Lyman    B,.     of    New 

York 180 

General    Hospital,    Camp   Wik- 
off,  Montauk  Point,  Long 

Island    246,   292,  293 

Siboney,   Cuba    240 

tents 284 

Geoghegan,  John  H.,  company 

M,  died  of  fever 254 

-Georgia,   campaign  through...   256 


PAGE 

Glen  Cove,  New  York 254 

Goff,     Sergeant     Eugene     W., 

company  I,  died  of  fever....  251 
Goldsborough,    Captain    Wash 
ington     Laird,     company 

M 236 

with    company    M,    among 
the  first  to  arrive  on  San 

Juan   Hill,   Cuba 234 

Gombert,  Charles,  company  K, 

died  of  fever 252 

Goodman,  Private  Charles  W., 
company  A,  wounded  in  ac 
tion  at  San  Juan  Hill,  Cuba. .  244 
Goodrich,    Captain    Caspar  F., 

United   States  Navy 218 

Grahn,  Private  Gus,  company 
L,  died  of  mountain 

fever 253,  280 

buried    west    of    entrench 
ments  near  Santiago....  280 
Grand  Lodge   of  Free   Masons 

of  New  York   181 

Great  Bahama  Channel...  200,  204 
Great  Inagua  Island,  Bahama,  204 
Greene,  Colonel  Francis  Vin- 

ton 155,  156 

158,  160,  161,  162,  164 
166,  167,  172,  173,  175 
176,  181,  182,  209,  295 
called     meeting     of     regi 
ment 154 

mustered        into        United 

States   service    157 

nominated      brigadier-gen 
eral  171 

brigadier-general 181 

Greene,  General  George  S.,  old 
est  living1  graduate  of 

West  Point    175 

dying  at  Morristown,  New 

Jersey 175 

Grimes,      Captain     George     S., 

U.  S.  A 260 

batterv    in     action     at     El 

Poso 260,  262 

Guantanamo,  Cuba,  United 
States  marines  had  suc 
cessful  scrimmage  with 

Spaniards  at  216 

Port  of   206 

Guilfoyle,     Captain     John     F., 

U.  S.  A 292 

Guiteras,  Dr.  John,   expert  on 

yellow  fever   243 

Gulf  of  Mexico 200 

! 

HACKENSACK,     NEW     JER 
SEY  249 

Hall,  Private  Earl  B.,  company 
F,  wounded  in  action  at  San 
Juan  Hill,  Cuba    244 


364    INDEX  —  SEVENTY-FIRST  KEGT.,  N.  Y.  STATE  VOLUNTEERS. 


PAGE 

Hall,  Private  Edward  D.,  com 
pany  C,  wounded  in  action  at 

San  Juan  Hill,   Cuba 245 

Haller,  Private  John  H.,  com 
pany  K,  died  of  fever 252 

Hardin,  Colonel  Edward  E 211 

Harlem,  New  York,  St.  An 
drew's  church  155,  176,  180 

Hart,  Patrick  J.,  appointed 
chaplain  at  General  Hospital, 

Montauk  Point    293 

Harvard,   formerly  New  York, 

of  the  American  line 218 

Hatteras,  North  Carolina,  ma 
chinery  broke  down  and  ves 
sel  lay  to  for  14  hours 290 

Havana,  Cuba,  Commodore 
Schley's  effective  blockade 

of 19.1 

Hawk,  William  S 303 

Hawk  and  Wetherbee,  Messrs., 
dinner  to  officers  of  regi 
ment  303 

Hawkins,      General      Hamilton 

Smith,  U.  S.  A..   220,  223,  237 

military  record  of 216 

retired 216 

held  brief  conversation 
with  field  and  staff  offi 
cers  227 

ordered  one  battalion  to 
top  of  San  Juan  Hill  to 
be  deployed  on  firing- 
line  236 

complimented      the      regi 
ment  for  its  good  work,  266 
Hayes,  Major  Edward  M.,  First 

Ohio   Cavalry 167 

Hayes,  ex-President  Ruther 
ford  B 167 

Heath,  Lewis  C.,  company  G, 
died  of  pernicious  malarial 

fever 250 

Hebrank,     Private     Ferdinand, 
company  F,  wounded  in  ac 
tion  at  San  Juan  Hill,  Cuba . .   245 
Heindsmann,      Captain     Ferdi 
nand,  company  C 217 

Helena,   boat    204 

Hempstead,  New  York    174 

211,  295 

Hempstead  Plains,  New  York. .   154 
155,  160,  162 

Herald,   newspaper...   169,   210,  226 
Hess,    Private    Louis    E.,    com 
pany  H,   wounded   in   action 

at  San  Juan  Hill,  Cuba. . 246 

Hoboken,  New  Jersey 211 

Hobson,   Lieutenant  "Richmond 
Pearson,       sinking-       the 

Merrimac  .   .  .    191 

crew  exchanged    242 


PAGE 
Hogan,    John    P.,    company    E, 

died  of  malarial  fever 249 

Holland,  Private  Charles  D., 
company  M,  buried  near 
the  ford  below  San  Juan 

Hill 240 

killed     in     action     at     San 

Juan  Hill,   Cuba 254 

Holzkamp,    Private    Henry    J., 
company  L,   wounded   in  ac 
tion  at  San  Juan  Hill,  Cuba. .   245 
Homer,  Colonel,  Civil  War  vet 
eran  282,  297 

Hospital  Corps    158,  167,  237 

Hospital  department 178,  179 

Hospital  ship  198 

Hospital     tent,     brief     service 

held  in    158 

Howard,    Joseph,    company    F, 

died  of  typhoid  malaria 250 

Howe,     Sergeant     Russell     G., 

company  E 219 

Howitt,  John,  company  C,  died 

of  disease    248 

Hubschmitt  (Hubschmidt),  Pri 
vate    Philip,    company   I, 
died  of  gastric  fever..   170,  251 
body    sent    to    New    York 

city  for  burial  170 

Hubschmitt  (Hubschmidt),  Pri 
vate  William  P.,  company  I, 

injured 192 

Hull,    military   bill    154 

Humbert,       Private       William, 
company  A,  wounded  in  ac 
tion  at  San  Juan  Hill,  Cuba . .  246 
Hurley,     Private,     George     M., 
company  C,  wounded   in   ac- 
tio  at  San  Juan  Hill,  Cuba . .  246 
Hutchinson,     Sergeant     James 
M.,    company    M,    appointed 
second   lieutenant    183 

IMMEN  (IMMENS),  COR 
PORAL  GEORGE  L. 

(R.),  company  C,  wound 
ed  in  action  at  San  Juan 
Hill,  Cuba  231 

buried  in  trenches  at  Di 
vision  Hospital 240 

died  of  wounds  received  in 
action  at  San  Juan  Hill, 

Cuba 248 

Inauga  Island,  Great,  Bahama,  204 
Indiana 257 

Ninth  Regiment  Infantry, 
company  E 257 

Volunteers,  Thirtieth  Regi 
ment  Infantry,  company 
A 257 

warship 194 


INDEX  —  SEVENTY-FIRST  REGT.,  N.  Y.  STATE  VOLUNTEERS.    365 


PAGE 

JAMAICA 207,  208 

Jeannisson,  Private  Alexander, 

company   G 200 

."Jeffrey,  Private  John  W.,  com 
pany  B,  wounded  in  action  at 

San  Jnan  Hill,  Cuba 245 

Jersey  City,  New  Jersey..   164,  198 
Johnston     (Johnson),     Private 
Henry  C.,  company  F,  super 
intended    entertainment 206 

Jorgensen,    Christopher,    com 
pany  L,  accidentally  killed..  253 

Journal,  The,  newspaper 207 

Joyce,   Captain  Walter  Irving, 

company  H 155 

sent  to  New  York  for  re 
covery  243 

KANE,  MAURICE  B.,  company 

L,  killed  by  cars 254 

Keck,      Captain      Frank,     pro 
moted    major 182 

with  Third  Battalion, 
among1  first  to  arrive  on 

San  Juan  Hill,   Cuba 234 

235,  264 

Keller,  Private  James  E.,  com 
pany  A,  wounded  in  action 

ut  San  Juan  Hill,  Cuba 246 

Kennan,    George 274 

Kent,   General  Jacob  Ford,   U. 

S.    A 232,  233,  266 

military  record  of 220 

retired 220 

orders  to  Colonel  Downs..   231 
ordered    to    take    his    divi 
sion  into  action 262 

extract  from  his  report  of 
the  San  Juan  engage 
ment  263  ! 

charged  with  unjust  treat 
ment  toward  Seventy- 
first  Regiment 265 

headquarters  established 
in  vicinity  of  San  Juan, 

Cuba   .   .  ' 267 

Key  West,   Florida...   174,  194,  200 
Kirby,      Private     Sinclair     H., 
company  G,  wounded  in  ac 
tion  at  San  Juan  Hill,  Cuba,  245 
Kline,   John   C.,   Herald   corre 
spondent  226 

Kopper,  Private  Edward,  com 
pany  E,  sick  with  measles . .   192 
Kopper,  Lieutenant  Frederick, 
formerly      colonel      Sev 
enty-first   Regiment    295 

in  command  of  200  recruits 

at  Camp  Black 295 

Kronpa,  Edward  C.,  company 
F,  died  of  pernicious  mala 
rial  fever 250 


PAGE 

Kuehnle,  Private  Frederick  C., 
company  D,  wounded  in 
action  at  San  Juan  Hill, 
Cuba  245 

LA  GARDE,  MAJOR  AND 
SURGEON  LOUIS  A.,  in 

charge  of  Siboney,  Cuba 268 

La  Grande  Dnchesse,  trans 
port  212,  250,  253 

•  rations       transported       at 

Santiago 289 

Lakeland,   Florida 173,  175 

177,  179,  180,  183,  187 
190,  192,  206,  251,  256 

regiment  arrived  at 166 

sketch  of  camp  at 167,  168 

Episcopalian  chapel  at.... 

170,  175 
lodge  of  Free  Masons  and 

regiment 180 

regiment    leaves 184 

Las  Guasimas,  Cuba 218 

224,  227,  228,  258 

battle    of 217,  218,  259 

United  States  Army  en 
gages  in  first  battle  on 

Cuban    soil   at 216 

evidence  of  bloody  engage 
ment  at 223 

Lawrence,  Private  William  C., 

company  G 191 

Lawton,  General  Henry  Ware, 
U.  S.  A.,  military  record 

of 257 

congressional  medal  of 
honor  for  gallantry  in 
front  of  Atlanta, 

Georgia 257 

killed  in  action  at  battle 
of  San  Mateo,  Philippine 

Islands 257 

Lawton's  division  at  El  Caney, 

Cuba 260 

Levy,  Dr.  Joseph  M 237 

Linson,         Captain         William 

Henry,  company  D 236 

London,  St.  Paiil's  Church 176 

Long  Island  City 155,  163 

164,  190,  298 

special  train  conveyed 
Seventy-first  Regiment 

to  .  .  .' 297 

Long  Island   Railroad 163 

station,  Montauk,  regiment 

marched  to -.  297 

Longson,  Lieutenant  William, 
company  H,  died  of  ty 
phoid  fever 251 

toast  drunk  in  silence  to 
memory  of 303 


366    INDEX  —  SEVENTY-FIRST  KEGT.,  N.  Y.  STATE  VOLUNTEERS. 


PAGE 

Lucas,      Private     William     H., 

company  II 237 

Loidlow,  Brigadier-General 
William,  U.  S.  A.,  mili 
tary  record  of 256 

died     at     Convent     station, 

New   Jersey 256 

praised     the     Seventy-first 

regiment 285 

brigade  of  regulars 257 

MacARTHUR,  COLONEL  AR= 
THUR 293 

Mackenzie,  Private  William 
II.,  company  E,  wounded  in 
action  at  San  Juan  Hill, 

Cuba   246 

MacMillan  (Me  William),  Nor 
man  J.  G.,  company  M,  died 
of  yellow  fever  at  Siboney, 

Cuba 254 

Mail  and  Express,  newspaper.. 

169,  226 

letter  written  to,  in  favor 
of  regiment,  by  Henry  L. 

Stoddard 265 

Mara,  Sergeant  John  J.,  com 
pany  M,  wounded  in  ac 
tion  at  San  Juan  Hill, 

Cuba 244 

died  of  fever  and  dysen 
tery  253 

Markley,  Major  Alfred  C.,  U.  S. 
A.,  his  letter  to  Colonel 
Downs  praising  regiment 

for  its  bravery 267 

Marlow,     Private      James     L., 
company  H,  wounded  in  ac 
tion  at  San  Juan  Hill,  Cuba,  245 
Marsh    (March),    Surgeon    and 

Major  Edward  T 165,  182 

Martens,  Private  Richard,  com 
pany  G,  baptized  by 
chaplain  of  regiment....  191 

died  of  malarial  fever 251 

Martin,      Colonel      Henry      P., 
colonel     of     Seventy-first 
Regiment   in    1861...   180,  300 
too  ill  to  be  present  at  any 

of    the    exercises 300 

visited  his  grandchildren 
at  Montauk  on  their  re 
turn  from  Cuba 301 

Seventy-first           Regiment 
owes      its      worth      and 
greatness  especially  to..   301 
Maryes  Heights,  Virginia,  bat 
tle  of 220 

Massachusetts,  Second  Regi 
ment  Infantry 163 

167,  170,  192 
officers  buy  horses 177 


PAGE 

Massachusetts,      Second     Regi 
ment  Infantry: 
part  of  Ludlow's  command 

at  El  Caney 256 

utilized    as    a    support    at 

El  Caney  engagement . . .  257 
not    in    San    Juan    engage 
ment  until  second  day..   257 
suffered  from  Spanish  fire, 
but  not  in  fighting  at  El 

Caney 257 

Massachusetts  coast 198 

Spanish  ships  sighted  off..   164 
!    Mans,  Surgeon-Major  Louis  M..  156 

'    McAlpin,  General  Edwin  A 

282,  297 

visited    camp   to    make   ar 
rangements     for    parade 

in  New  York  city 295 

McClelland,  Private  Donald  C., 
company  E,  wounded  in  ac 
tion  at  San  Juan  Hill,  Cuba,  244 
McClurg,  William,  company  K, 

died  of  pleuro  pneumonia...   252 
McDermott,  Sergeant  James  J., 
company  F,   wounded  in   ac 
tion  at  San  Juan  Hill,  Cuba,  245 
McGeechan,       Private        John, 
company  M,  wounded  in  ac 
tion  at  San  Juan  Hill,  Cuba,  245 
Mclntyre,       Private       Samuel, 
company  G,  wounded  in  ac 
tion  at  San  Juan  Hill,  Cuba,  246 
McKeever,       Edward        Percy, 

company  K,  died  of  fever...   252 
McKiiiley,  President  William. . 

158,  171,  210 

called     for     125,000     volun 
teers      153 

his  anxiety  to  protect  the 

troops 198 

Meeks,  Sergeant  Elmer  C., 
company  I,  died  of  typhoid 

malarial  fever   251 

Meeks,    Captain    William    Fur- 
man,  company  1 237 

with     company     I,     among 
first    to    arrive    on    San 

Juan  Hill,   Cuba 234 

Mercer,  Private  John  E., 
company  F,  wounded  in  ac 
tion  at  San  Juan  Hill,  Cuba,  246 

Merchants'   Central    Club 282 

I    Merrimac,  sinking  of,  by  Hob- 
son  191 

sunk    in    harbor 289 

Merritt,  General  Wesley,  U.  S. 

A 171,  181 

Messer,  Private  John  P.,  com 
pany  G 237 

Messiter,  Arthur  M.,  company 
E,  died  of  fever 249 


INDEX  —  SEVENTY-FIRST  REGT.,  N.  Y.  STATE  VOLUNTEERS.    367 


PAGE 

Mexico,  Gulf  of 200 

Meyer  (Myer),  Corporal  John 
C.,  company  F,  superin 
tended  entertainment 206 

Michigan 227 

troops  assisted  in  cutting 
trees  and  building 

bridges 241 

Miles,  General  Nelson  A.,  lieu 
tenant-general,  IT.  S.  A 166 

191,  196 
Miley,  Lieutenant  John  I).,  U. 

S.    A 260,  26:2 

Military      Hospital,     Santiago, 

Cuba 271    ! 

Miller,  Private  John  II.,  com 
pany  C,  wounded  in  action  at 

San  Juan  Hill,   Cuba 246 

Mills,     Private    Bloomfield    B., 
company  M,  wounded  in  ac 
tion  at  San  Juan  Hill,  Cuba,  245 
Missouri,    transport..   249,  252,  253 

Monroe,  New  York 250 

Moiitauk,  Long  Island 298    , 

yellow         fever         patients 

strictly  quarantined  at..   246 
sick    of    regiment    suffered 
from    insufficient     cover 
ing    during    cold    nights, 

at' 293 

transports,  with  troops 
from  Santiago,  continu 
ally  arriving  at 296 

detention  hospitals,  few 
sick  of  Seventy-first 

Regiment  at   296 

general  hospital,  sick  of 
Seventy-first  Regiment  at,  296 

railroad  station  at 297    : 

Camp  Wikoff,  list  of  Sev 
enty-first  Ilegiment  dead 

at  ." 303    I 

Montauk  Point,  Long  Island..   248    j 
249,  250,  251,  252,  253 
254,  288,  290,  294,  304    j 

troops  removed  to 287    j 

Moody  Institute,  Charles  F. 
Barrett,  evangelist  of,  in 
charge  of  Army  Commission 

work   in   Cuba 281 

Morristown,  New  Jersey 175    ; 

Morro   castle,   Havana   harbor, 

Cuba 210,  239    ! 

from  which  flew  American 

flag 289 

Morton,    Lake,    Florida 167 

Murphy,  Private  James,  com 
pany  M,  wounded  in  action 

at  San  Juan  Hill,  Cuba 244 

Murphy,  Private  Robert  E., 
company  H,  wounded  in  ac 
tion  at  San  Juan  Hill,  Cuba. .  244 


PAGE 
Murtaugh    (Murtagh),    Private 

Thomas  E.,  company  B 206 

^ 

NAGLE,  JAMES  E.,  company 
G,  died  of  fever  and  bron 
chitis  251 

National    Guard,    Seventy-first 

Regiment 155,  285 

New  York 155,  303 

first      regiment      mustered 

into  volunteer   service...   154 
two  companies  added  to..   154 
proceeds    to    Camp    Black, 
Hempstead    Plains,    New 

York 155 

given    place    of    honor    in 

State  camp   155 

physical      examination      of 

members   of    156 

settles     down     to     life     in 

camp 156 

mustered        into        United 

States  service 157 

became  Seventy-first  Regi 
ment  Infantry,  New 

York  Volunteers 157 

Lieutenant  Frederick  Kop- 
per,  formerly  a  colonel 

of ." 295 

First  Regiment  Infantry, 
or  First  Provisional 

Regiment 156 

Thirteenth  Regiment  In 
fantry  156 

Fourteenth  Regiment  In 
fantry  156 

Forty-seventh        Regiment 

Infantry 156 

Sixty-fifth        Regiment 

Infantry 156 

Sixty-ninth        R  e  gi  m  e  n  t 

Infantry 156 

One  Hundred  and  Seventy- 
first  Regiment  Infan 
try  165,  303 

New  Manhattan  Hotel,  propri 
etors,    dinner    to    officers    of 

regiment 303 

New  Orleans,  Louisiana 204 

New    York,    of    the    American 

Line,  now  Harvard 218 

New  York  Bay 211 

New  York  city,  New  York....   158 
169,  170,  175,  179,  196,  202,  218 
222,  226,  243,  247,  248,  249,  250 
251,  252,  253,  255,  270,  277,  278 
281,  283,  290,  294,  295,  303 
contributors  from,  to  com 
forts    for    sick    in    regi 
ment  180 

reception  to  regiment  on 
return  from  Cuba . .  .299 


368    INDEX  —  SEVENTY-FIRST  REGT.,  N.  Y.  STATE  VOLUNTEERS. 


PAGE 

New  York  City,  New  York: 
State       armory,       Thirty- 
fourth    street    and    Park 

avenue 165,  297,  299 

300,  301,  302,  303,  304 
New    York,    Grand    Lodge    of 

Free   Masons    181 

New  York   harbor 175,  198 

New  York  National  Guard,  153,  303 
Seventy-first  Regiment    . . .   154 
first      regiment      mus 
tered   into   volunteer 

service 154 

two    companies    added 

to 154 

proceeds        to        Camp 

Black 155 

given  place  of  honor  in 

State  camp   155 

physical       examination 

of 156 

settles  down  to  life  in 

camp 156 

mustered    into    United 

States  service    157 

became  Seventy-first 
Regiment  Infantry, 
New  York  Volun 
teers  157 

Lieutenant  Frederick 
Kopper,  formerly  a 

colonel   of    295 

First  Regiment  Infantry, 
or  First  Provisional 

Regiment 156 

Thirteenth  Regiment  In 
fantry  156 

Fourteenth  Regiment  In 
fantry  156 

Forty-seventh        Regiment 

Inf  antry 156 

Sixty-fifth        Regiment 

Infantry 156 

Sixty-ninth        R  e  gi  m  e  n  t 

Infantry 156 

One  Hundred  and  Seventy- 
first  Regiment  Infan 
try  165,  303 

New  York,  representatives  of 
prominent  newspapers  and 
journals  of,  at  camp  at  Se- 

villa,  Cuba  226 

New  York  State 152,  171,  182 

188,  216,  287,  304 
Colonel     Mac  Arthur     paid 

men 293 

adjutant-general  of  153 

154,  165,  247 

New  York  Tribune   169 

New  York  troops 154 


PAGE 

New  York  Volunteers,  Seventy- 
first  Regiment  Infantry,     79 
158,  159,  160,  163,  165,  166 
167,  168,  169,  171,  172,  173 
176,  179,  181,  183,  185,  187 
192,  194,  198,  199,  201,  205 
208,  209,  210,  211,  217,  219 
223,  228,  234,  237,  241,  243 
282,  285,  305,  314,  317 
explanatory    note,    to    his 
tory  of    152-153 

history   of    152-305 

ordered  to  Tampa,  Flor 
ida  161,  177 

every  variety  of  occupa 
tion  represented  in 162 

arrived  at  Lakeland,  Flor 
ida  166 

religious  freedom  given  to,  173 
Y.  M.  C.  A.  tent  given  to . .  174 

officers  buy  horses 177 

furnished  supplies  for  hos 
pital  department  at  its 

own    expense    178 

list    of    officers    appointed 

in 182,  183 

leaves  Lakeland,   Florida..   184 
exhausted     by     march     to 
Tampa  Heights,  Florida,  186 

ordered  to  Cuba 188 

receive  pay    188 

Veteran  Association  of 188 

given  the  privilege  of  go 
ing  to  town 189 

drum  corps    190,  207 

entertained      by      Brigade 

Band 190 

ordered  to  proceed  to 
transports  at  Port  Tam 
pa,  Florida  193 

arrived     at     Port     Tampa, 

Florida 196 

boarded  the  Vigilancia 197 

sketch  of  life  on  Vigil 
ancia  198-213 

drilled  in  boarding,  man 
ning  and  rowing  small 

boats  of  the  ship 202 

program  of  entertainment 

given  by   206 

reaches  Santiago,  Cuba...  207 
landed  at  Siboney,  Cuba...  213 
pitched  camp  at  Siboney, 

Cuba 215 

ordered  to  reinforce  First 

United  States  Cavalry...  216 
horses  of,  safely  landed  at 

Siboney,  Cuba    219 

started  upon  march  for  Se- 

villa,  Cuba  222 

pitched  camp  at  Sevilla, 
Cuba 223 


INDEX  —  SEVENTY-FIRST  REGT.,  N.  Y.  STATE  VOLUNTEERS.    369 


PAGE 

New  York  Volunteers,  Seventy- 
first  Regiment  Infantry: 

all  in  excellent  health 226 

ordered  to  march  toward 
Santiago,  Cuba  226 

with  entire  brigade,  re 
sumed  march  to  San 
Juan,  Cuba  227 

to  receive  further  orders..  227 

under  continuous  fire  on 
march  to  San  Juan, 
Cuba 229,  230 

obeyed  orders   and  halted,  232    | 

brought  together,  all  offi 
cers  in  command  of  their 
men 235  ; 

fourteen  killed  and  67 
wounded  in  San  Juan  en 
gagement  239  : 

utilized  their  muskets  with 
disastrous  effect  upon 
the  enemy  239 

removed  from  Santiago  to 
Montauk  in  three  detach 
ments  246 

staff  officers   247 

list     of     men;      living,     ill, 

missing,    dead    247-254    ; 

list  of  casualties  in 254    ; 

praised  for  bravery  in 
home  newspapers  255 

regulars  reflect  on  bravery 
of 255 

only  volunteers  assigned  to 
perilous  work  of  taking 
San  Juan  Hill,  Cuba 256  , 

only  volunteers  employed 
in  first  day's  battle  at 
San  Juan  Hill,  Cuba 256  j 

accurate  account  of  its  en 
gagement  at  San  Juan 
Hill,  Cuba  256-266 

inspected    and    praised    by 

regular  army  officers 256    , 

subject  of  wide  discussion 
in  New  York 256 

brought  into  formation  to 
resist  a  midnight  sur 
prise  258 

awakened  before  dawn  to 
take  part  in  battle  of 
San  Juan  Hill,  Cuba 25S 

started  on  march  for  San 
Juan  Hill,  Cuba 259 

marched  toward  El  Poso, 
Cuba 260 

in  thick  of  Spanish  volley 
firing 262 

halted  at  San  Juan  creek, 
awaiting  orders  262 

ordered  by  General  Kent 
into  thickest  of  fight 263 

24 


PAGK 

New  York  Volunteers,  Seventy- 
first  Regiment  Infantry: 

misunderstanding  among 
its  officers  263 

up  the  hill  in  time  to  have 
list  of  loss  as  heavy  as 
any  other  regiment 265 

realized  that  every  shot 
from  its  Springfield  rifle 
made  it  a  target  for  the 
enemy 265 

ordered  to  stop  shooting 
when  Spaniards  had 
ceased  heavy  firing 265 

picked  up  Krag'-Jorgen- 
sens,  but  were  not  al 
lowed  to  use  them 265 

fought  courageously 
through  whole  engage 
ment  266 

complimented  by  General 
Hawkins  for  its  good 
work  .  .  266 

temporarily  assigned  to 
command  of  General 
Lawton 267 

a  letter  from  Major  A.  C. 
Markley,  U.  S.  A.,  prais 
ing  bravery  267 

no  allowance  of  transpor 
tation  268 

officers'  horses  used  for 
pack  mules  268 

two  tents  presented  to,  by 
representatives  of  Y.  M. 
C.  A.  Army  Commission,  269 

received  gifts  from  Red 
Cross  Society  274 

Mrs.  John  Addison  Porter 
provided  liberal  supply 
of  medicines  and  food 

for  sick  of 274 

yellow  fever   276 

insufficient  food  and  cloth 
ing  276 

arrival   of  mails 277 

difficulty  in  getting  relief,  278 

requisition  for  khaki  suits 
for 278 

unwritten  history  of 279 

supplied  with  khaki 284 

improvement  in  tone  and 
temper  of,  after  declara 
tion  of  peace 284- 

many  sick  with  fever 286 

Dr.  James  Stafford  re 
quested  to  be  returned 
to 287 

officers  prepared  a  tele 
gram  to  be  sent  to  Sena 
tor  Platt,  of  New  York, 
but  recalled  it..  .  287 


370    INDEX  —  SEVENTY-FIRST  REGT.,  N.  Y.  STATE  VOLUNTEERS. 


PAGE 

New  York  Volunteers,  Seventy- 
first  Regiment  Infantry: 

cheered  Sixth  Regiment  of 
regulars 288 

the  hospital  in   Santiago..   289 

deaths  at  sea   290 

at  Fort  Pond  Bay,  Long- 
Island 290 

in  detention  camps  from 
four  to  ten  days 291 

liberal  supply  of  food  by 
Reel  Cross  Society 292 

supplied  with  needed  deli 
cacies  292 

insufficient  covering  at 
Montauk 293 

pay  for  services  from  May 
2nd  to  May  10th,  while  at 
Camp  Black  293 

removed  from  detention 
camp  to  permanent  camp 
near  Fort  Pond  Bay, 
Long  Island  294 

furloughs 294 

veterans   visit  camp 295 

many  detailed  to  serve  in 
other  regiments  296 

many  had  died  on  foreign 
shores 296 

sick  of,  scattered  in  many 
places 296 

met  by  Colonel  Francis,  of 
171st  Regiment,  with  his 
officers  .  .  * 297 

conveyed  by  special  train 
to  Long  Island  City 297 

Veteran  Association  com 
mittee  greeted  regiment 
at  Long  Island  City 297 

marched  to  Long  Island 
railroad  station  297 

greeted  on  wharf  by  veter 
ans  of  regiment  298 

sketch  of  parade 298-302 

left  New  York  over  1,000 
strong  and  on  its  return 
paraded  less  than  350 
men 299 

but  three  staff  officers  in 
the  parade 300 

briefly  addressed  by 
Colonel  Downs  302 

leaves  of  absence  for  sixty 
days 302 

ordered  to  reassemble  at 
Camp  Black  October  26 
for  muster-out  302 

served  with  refreshments 
by  Woman's  Aid  Society,  302 

a  dinner  to  officers  of 303 

assembled  at  State  armory 
for  muster-out  303 


PAGE 

New  York  Volunteers,  Seventy- 
first  Regiment  Infantry: 
voted  at  armory  as  in  time 

of   war    304 

together    with    two     com 
panies    of    new    recruits, 
numbered  about  900  men,  304 
First  Battalion...   221,  235,  236 
under    Major    Whittle, 
detailed       to       build 
bridges   and  improve 

roads 241 

halted  on  roadside....   259 
believed     it     had     been 

ambushed 263 

Second  Battalion..  235,  236,  278 
encamped  at  top  of  hill 

in  sight  of  Santiago,  223 
under  Major  Wells,  de 
tailed         to          build 
bridges   and  improve 

roads 241 

ordered  to  inarch  to 
Santiago  and  take 
transport  for  Mon 
tauk,  Long  Island...  288 

Third   Battalion 235 

led  by  Major  Keck, 
among  first  troops 
to  arrive  on  San 

Juan  Hill,   Cuba 234 

companies  B  and  L 
ordered  to  march  to 
Santiago  and  take 
transport  for  Mon 
tauk,  Long  Island...  288 

company  A    247 

company  B   247,  248 

company   C    248 

company  D  248,  249 

company  E    249 

company  F    250 

company  G  250,  251 

company  H 251 

company  I  251 

company  K    251,  252 

company  L   252,  253 

company  M    253,  254 

New  York  Volunteers,   Second 
Regiment   Infantry,    or    Sec 
ond    Provisional   Regiment..   211 
New  York  Volunteers,  Seventh 
Regiment  Infantry,  company 

K 181 

New    York    Volunteers,    Sixty- 
ninth  Regiment  Infantry. . . .   172 
173,  210 

New  York  World,  newspaper..   281 
Ninth        Regiment        Infantry, 

company   E,    Indiana 257 

Ninth        Regiment        Infantry, 
regulars 264 


INDEX  —  SEVENTY-FIRST  REGT.,  N.  Y.  STATE  VOLUNTEERS.    371 


PAGE 

North  Carolina   259 

Norwegian  craft  204 

O'BRIEN,  THOMAS  J.,  com 
pany  F,  died  of  disease 250 

O'Connor,  John  E.,  company  K, 

died  of  fever 252 

Ohio 257 

First  Regiment  Cavalry...   1G7 

Olcott,  Mrs.  Emmet  R 180 

Olivette,  steamer 204,  218 

headquarters  for  newspa 
per  correspondents  207 

Olyphant,      Quartermaster      J. 

Kensett 181 

One  Hundred  and  Seventy-first 
Regiment,  Infantry,  Na 
tional  Guard,  New  York, 

165,  303 

acted  as  escort  to  Seventy- 
first  on  parade  to 

armory 297 

Ord,  Major-General  Edward  O. 

C.,  U.   S.   A 227 

Ord,  Lieutenant  Jules  Garesche, 
U.  S.  A.,  military  record 

of 227 

killed     at     battle     of     San 

Juan,  Santiago,  Cuba....   227 
one     of    the    first     officers 

shot  at  San  Juan,  Cuba,  228 
Order  of  advance  of  American 
transports    from   Florida    to 
Cuba 195 

PARK    AVENUE,    New    York 

city 300,   303 

Peace,    formal    declaration    of, 

and  war  ended 283 

Pennsylvania 220 

Railway 174 

Pfister,    Edward,    company    E, 

died  of  fever 249 

buried    at    Montauk,    Long 

Island 303 

Philippine  expedition   171 

Islands 181,  257 

Pier  son,  First  Lieutenant  Wil 
liam  L\,  company  M,  died  of 

fever 253 

Plant  system   167 

Platt,  Senator  Thomas,  of  New 
York,  telegram  prepared  by 
Seventy-first  Regiment  offi 
cers  to  be  sent  to,  but  re 
called  287 

Port  Tampa,  Florida..  188,  194,  212 
regiment  ordered  to  trans 
ports  at    193 

arrived   at    196 

Sixth  and  Sixteenth  Infan 
try,  regulars,  ordered  to 
transports  at  192 


PAGE 

Port  of  Guantanamo,  Cuba ....   206- 
Porter,     Mrs.     John     Addison, 
provided     liberal    supply     of 
medicines  and  food  for  sick 
of    Seventy-first    Regiment..   274 

Porto    Rico    200,  208 

Potter,      Private      Ernest      R., 

company  M   237 

wounded  in  action   at   San 

Juan   Hill,   Cuba 245. 

Preger  (Praj'er),  Private  Wil 
liam,  company  A,  buried 
near  the  ford  below  San 

Juan   Hill,   Cuba 240 

killed     in     action     at     San 

Juan   Hill,   Cuba 247 

Pride,       Adjutant       Hamilton, 

Civil   War   veteran 297,  300 

Provisional  Regiment,  first,  or 
First  Regiment  Infantry, 
New  York  Volunteers...  156 
Second,  or  Second  Regi 
ment  Infantry,  New 
York  Volunteers  156 

QUOQUE,  Long  Island 295 

Quartermaster         Department, 

practically  a  nullity 279 

Queens,  New  York,  borough  of,  250> 
Queen's      Road,      pilgrims     all 
along,      journeying      toward 

Santiago,  Cuba    271 

Quevedo,   Richard,   company   I, 
died      of     typhoid     malarial 

fever 251 

Quilty,    John    J.,    company    E, 
died  of  disease 249- 

RABING,   PRIVATE  ALBERT 

J.,  company  D 282 

Rafferty,       Captain       Malcolm 

Anstice,  company  F,  194,  21£ 
lieutenant,    promoted    cap 
tain  182 

among    first    to    arrive    on 

San  Juan  Hill,  Cuba 23& 

led  his  company  up  the 
hill  with  Major  Keek's 

battalion 264 

Rebecca   Channel    200 

Reconcentradoes,  meaning  of..   214 
Recruits,      two      hundred,      at 

Montauk,  Long  Island...   29S 

excellent  work   of 295 

comparison   between    296- 

Red  Cross  Society,  gave  several 

gifts  to  regiment 274 

declined  to  receive  money 
specifically  for  any  par 
ticular  regiment  27S 

gave  liberal  supply  of  food 
to  regiment 292 


372    INDEX  —  SEVENTY-FIRST  REGT.,  N.  Y.  STATE  VOLUNTEERS. 


PAGE 

Red  Cross  steamer,  State  of 
Texas,  first  to  enter  Santi 
ago  harbor  after  surrender,  273 

Regimental  Hospital    246    ; 

Reina  Mercedes,  ship,   sunk  in 

Santiag-o    harbor    289    j 

Relief  Society  of  the  regiment,  278    j 
gifts   of   tobacco   and   par 
cels   received   from 285 

Reynolds,  Daniel  K.,  company 
D,  died  on  board  Roumania, 

at   sea    249    j 

Richardson,  Private  Henry  P., 
company  A,  wounded  in  ac 
tion  at  San  Juan  Hill,  Cuba..  245  j 

Richmond,  Virginia   166,  220 

Roberts,  Lieutenant  Alfred  I., 
company  F,  died  of  pneu 
monia  250 

toast   drunk   in   silence   to 

memory  of 303 

Roby,    Private    Robert    J.,    Jr. 

(William),  company  C,  song,  206 
Rodgers,    Corporal    James    L., 

company  K,  died  of  fever.  . . .   251 
Roe,  Major-General  Charles  F.,  156 
159,  160,  161,  162,  174,  211 
Roosevelt,  Theodore,  assistant 

secretary   navy    196 

lieutenant-colonel  .  .   ..260,  262 
colonel,     in     command     of 
First   Volunteer    Cavalry 

Regiment 260 

ordered  down  the  hill  and 
to  advance  on  San  Juan, 

Cuba 262 

Root,  First  Sergeant  Edgar  W., 
company  A,  died  of  typhoid 

malarial  fever   247 

Ross,    Chief    Hostler 178,  222 

Ross,  Private  Reuben,  company 
M,  buried  near  the  ford 
below  San  Juan  Hill, 

Cuba 240 

killed     in     action     at     San 

Juan  Hill,   Cuba 254 

Rough  Riders,  Roosevelt 192 

196,  218,  259 

also  known  as  First  United 
States  Volunteer  Cav 
alry  216,  218 

excited  curiosity  of  every 
one  256 

had  several  losses  in  killed 
and  wounded  on  El  Poso 

Hill,  Cuba    228 

Roumania,  transport    249 

Rouse,   Frank  E.,   company   K, 

died  of  fever. 252 

died,  and  buried  at  Mon- 
tauk,  Long  Island 303 


PAGE 

Rusk,  Corporal  William  A., 
company  G,  died  on  board 
Missouri 250 

ST.      ANDREW'S      CHURCH, 

Harlem,  New  York. .   155,  176,  180 
St.    John's    Hospital,    borough 
of    Queens,    Brooklyn,    New 

York 249,  250 

St.  Luke's  Hospital,  New  York,  248 

St.  Paul's   Church,   London 176 

St.  Peter's  Hospital,  Brooklyn, 

New  York    253 

St.  Thomas'  parish',  New  York,  171 
Sampson,   Commodore  William 

Thomas 210 

fleet,     bombarding     Santi 
ago,   Cuba    191 

San   Francisco,   California 181 

San  Juan,  Santiago,  Cuba 238 

241,  242,  247,  265 
regiment    and    entire    bri 
gade     under     continuous 

fire  on  march  to 230 

battle   of    227 

success  of  engagement 
due  to  regiments, 
battalions  and  even 

companies 232 

of  a  unique  character,  255 
one  out  of  every  four 
men  in  charging  col 
umn     at,     killed     or 

wounded 257 

San  Juan  creek,  Santiago, 
Cuba,  regiment  halted  there 

awaiting  orders    262 

San  Juan  Heights  Hospital, 
Santiago,  Cuba,  sick  of  regi 
ment  at 296 

San  Juan  Hill,  Santiago,  Cuba,  233 
235,  240,  248,  250,  251 
252,  253,  254,  261,  263 
account      of      the      battle 

of 227-240 

list    of   wounded  in   battle 

of 244-246 

brilliant  charge  and  occu 
pation  of   233 

honor    of    its    capture    lies 
with    Thirteenth,     Sixth, 
Sixteenth      or      Twenty- 
fourth  regular  Infantry,  233 
honor  of  being  first  at  top 
of  hill  claimed  by  sixteen 
companies    and   six   regi 
ments,  Fifth  Army  Corps,  255 
accurate     account     of     the 
engagement    of    Seventy- 
first   Regiment   at..-.   256-260 
no  sign  of  life  detected...   260 


INDEX  —  SEVENTY-FIRST  REGT.,  N.  Y.  STATE  VOLUNTEERS.    373 


PAGE 

San  Juan  Hill,  Santiago,  Cuba, 
five  regiments  of  United 
States  troops  in  victorious 

charge  up 261 

San  Mateo,  Philippine  Islands, 

battle    of    257 

Santiago,  Cuba    200 

206,  208,  209,  212,  213,  217 
219,  220,  223,  224,  225,  233 
246,  247,  248,  249,  250,  251 
252,  253,  256,  259,  267,  268 
269,  276,  282,  285,  288,  296 
Sampson's    fleet    bombard 
ing  191 

Seventy-first  Regiment  Iii- 

faiitry  reaches 207 

troops  fled  toward 215 

Spaniards  had  retreated  to 

entrenchments  before   . .   225 
Seventy-first  Regiment  or 
dered  to  march  toward. .  226 
a  city  with  natural  fortifi 
cations  227 

Spaniards  had  been  driven 

back   toward    238 

surrendered  14  July,  1898..   243 
Ijost-office  re-established  in 

after  July  14,   1898 243 

pilgrims  all  along  Queen's 

Road,  journeying  toward,   271 
pauper-stricken  and  starv 
ing     Cubans     journeying 

toward 271 

strong  entrenchments  and 
fortifications  built  by 

Spaniards 271 

sketch  of   272 

General      Shafter      forbids 

sale   of   liquors 272 

enlisted  men  of  the  United 
States  troops  forbidden 

to   enter    273 

food     and     medicines     be 
sought  for  sick  soldiers,  274 
milk  and  rice  for  the  sick,  280 
many  obliged  to  go  to  hos 
pital  at   289 

transports,  with  troops 
from,  continually  arriv 
ing  at  Montauk 296 

city   hospital,    sick   of    Sev 
enty-first   Regiment   at . .   296 
Santiago     harbor,     Cuba,     Ad 
miral  Cervera  lost  every  ves 
sel   in   his    command    at    the 

mouth   of    239 

Savannah,  Georgia  166 

Schaller,  Private  Frank  A., 
company  E,  wounded  in  ac 
tion  at  San  Juan  Hill,  Cuba,  244 


PAGE 

Scheid,  Corporal  Henry  J., 
company  F,  wounded  in 
action  at  San  Juan  Hill, 

Cuba 231 

buried  in  trenches  at  Di 
vision  .Hospital,  San 

Juan,  Cuba    240 

died  of  wounds  received  in 
action  at  San  Juan  Hill, 

Cuba 250 

Schindel,  S.  J.  Bayard,  Lieu 
tenant,  U.  S.  A 185 

Schley,  Winfield  Scott,  effect 
ive  blockade  of  Havana, 

Cuba 191 

Schroter,  August  F.,  company 

K,  died  of  fever 252 

Schutz,  Giistav  C.,  company  L, 
died  on  board  La  Grande 
Duchesse  and  buried  at 

sea 253,  290 

Schuyler,    Captain    Walter    S., 

United   States   Army 156,  157 

Scofield,  Private  Sidney  A., 
company  K,  buried  at 
edge  of  the  stream  at 
foot  of  El  Poso  Hill, 

Cuba 240 

killed     in     action     at     San 

Juan  Hill,  Cuba 231,  252 

Second  Battalion,  Seventy-first 
Regiment  Infantry,  New 

York  Volunteers    235 

236,  278 
encamped    at    top    of    hill 

in   sight   of  Santiago 223 

under  Major  Wells,  detailed 
to  build  bridges  and  im 
prove  roads  241 

ordered  to  march  to  Santi 
ago  and  take  transport 
for  Montauk,  Long  Is 
land  288 

Second  Brigade,   Cavalry 166 

Second  Provisional  Regiment, 
or  Second  Regiment  Infan 
try,  New  York  Volun 
teers  156,  211 

Second  Regiment  Infantry, 
Massachusetts  Volun 
teers 163,  167,  170,  192 

officers  buy  horses 177 

part  of  Ludlow's  com 
mand  at  El  Caney,  Cuba,  256 

utilized  as  a  support 257 

Seguranca.   ship 206,   208,  212 

Selfridge.  First  Lieutenant  Ed 
ward  A.,  Jr.,  company  K, 

promoted   captain    182 

Senate,   United   States 171 

Seneca,   transport   ship 211 

Seventh   Regiment   Cavalry 218 


374    INDEX  —  SEVENTY-FIRST  REGT.,  N.  Y.  STATE  VOLUNTEERS. 


PAGE 
Seventh     Regiment      Infantry, 

funeral  of  private  of 281 

Seventh   Regiment,   New  York 

Volunteers,   company  K 181 

Seventy-first    Regiment    Infan 
try,     National     Guard,     New 
York.     (See  National  Guard 
and  New  York  Volunteers.) 
Seventy-first  Regiment  Veteran 

Association 180 

Seventy-first  veterans  on 
wharf  to  greet  Cuban  sol 
diers  of  Seventy-first  Regi 
ment  298 

Sevilla,  Cuba 216,  218,  220,  230 

Seventy-first      regiment 

pitched  camp  at 223 

Spanish   block   house   near 

camp  at    223 

two  corporals  and  several 
privates  of  Tenth  Cav 
alry  interred  near 223 

camp  at,  representatives 
of  prominent  newspapers 
and  journals  of  New 

York   at    226 

sketch     of     road     to     San 

Juan  Hill,  from 227 

Shafter,  General  William  R.,  U. 

S.  A.,  Fifth  Army  Corps,  177 

196,  198,  207,  212,  233,  260    j 
wished  to   avoid  bombard 
ment   of  the  city 242 

had  forbidden  sale  of 
liquors  for  three  days  in 

Santiago,   Cuba    272 

directed  by  authorities  at 
Washington  to  remove 
all  troops  to  United 

States 286 

Sharrott,  First  Sergeant  Eu 
gene  L.,  company  G,  died  of 

typhoid  fever   250 

Shaw,  Private  Frederick  V.  V., 
company  A,  wounded  in  ac 
tion  at  San  Juan  Hill, 

Cuba 244,  247 

Shaw,    Private    John    A.,    com 
pany  F,   song  selections,  206 

died  of  fever 250 

Sheppard,   Private   William   B., 
company  M,  wounded  in   ac 
tion  at  *Saii  Juan  Hill,  Cuba,  245 
Shinnecook,  Long  Island,  light 

off 290 

Short,  Sergeant  Peter  H.,  Jr., 
company  A,  appointed  first 

lieutenant 183 

Siboney,  Cuba 212,  214 

215,  216,  217,  218,  223 
234,  240,  242,  243,  254 
258,  267,  268,  273,  287  ' 


PAGE 

Siboney,  Cuba: 

sketch  of   213 

Seventy-first    Regiment 

landed    at    213 

pitched  camp  at 215. 

United     States     post-office 

opened  at 243 

every  wooden  house  burned 
to  ground  on  account  of 

yellow  fever   243 

first  tent  given  to  regi 
ment  by  Y.  M.  C.  A. 
army  commission,  left  on 

vessel   at    269 

insufficient  lighterage  fa 
cilities  at  271 

wretched   roads   five   miles 

out   from    271 

hospital,  some  sick  of  Sev 
enty-first  Regiment  at...  296 

Signal  Corps  230 

Sing  Sing,  New  York 248 

Sixteenth    Regiment    Infantry, 

regulars 177,  216,  217 

223,  233,  236,  258,  260 
262,  264,  282,  285,  293 
ordered      to      proceed      to 
transports  at  Port  Tam 
pa,   Florida    192 

moved  to  the  right 267 

band  of,  played  martial 
airs  as  vessel  swung  into 

the  Caribbean   290 

Sixth  Regiment  Infantry,  regu 
lars  177,  185 

216,  217,  223,  227,  233. 
236,  258,  260,  264,  28? 
ordered      to      proceed      to 
transports  at  Port  Tam 
pa,   Florida    192 

moved  to  the  right 267 

started    for    Santiago    and 

Montauk 288 

Sixty-fifth      Regiment      Infan 
try,     National     Guard,     New 

York 156- 

Sixty-ninth     Regiment     Infan 
try,     National     Guard,     New 

York 156. 

Sixty-ninth     Regiment     Infan 
try,  New  York  Volunteers..   172- 
173,  210- 

Skinner,  Private  Louis  B.,  com 
pany  B,  killed  in  action 
at  San  Juan  Hill, 

Cuba 231,  248- 

buried  at  edge  of  stream 
at  foot  of  El  Poso  Hill, 

Cuba 240- 

Small,  Corporal  Louis  B.,  com 
pany  B,  died  of  disease 247 


INDEX  —  SEVENTY-FIRST  REGT.,  N.  Y.  STATE  VOLUNTEERS.    375 


PAGE 

Smith,  Major  Clinton  Hartt...   164 
promoted    lieutenant- 
colonel  182 

lieutenant-colonel 197,  210 

283,  300 

appointed  caterer  to  offi 
cers'  mess  209 

down  with  fever 276 

in  command  of  regiment..  282 
Smith,  Brigadier-General 

George  Moore    156 

South  Carolina   216 

Spain   152,  163,  191 

war  between  United  States 
and 153,  305 

reality  of  impending  strug 
gle  with,  realized 161 

all  terms  of  surrender 
merciful  to  244 

its  army  to  be  returned  to, 
only  stipulation  in  sur 
render  of  Santiago,  Cuba,  244 

24,000  Spanish  troops  to  be 
transported  there  in 
their  own  vessels 268 

had  sued  for  peace 278 

had  agreed  to  all  the 
terms  of  peace  imposed 

by  the  United  States 283 

Spanish,   The    212 

217,  218,  219,  266 

had  retreated  to  entrench 
ments  before  El  Caney 
and  Santiago  , 225 

their  excellent  system  of 
fortifications,  etc.,  in 
Cuba 227 

iled  in  retreat  as  they  sawr 
United  States  troops 
advancing 233 

neither  regarded  nor  re 
spected  the  Red  Cross 
Society 235 

had  been  driven  back 
toward  Santiago 238 

made  their  last  attempt  to 
destroy  United  States 
troops 238 

lost  about  3,000  troops 239 

sent  their  first  shot  of  bat 
tle  261 

returned  the  fire  with 
shrapnel 261 

volley  firing  on  men  ford 
ing  stream  262 

strong  entrenchments  and 
fortifications  built  by 
along  eastern  end  of 
Santiago 271 

starving,  surged  about  the 
wharf  waiting  to  be  fed,  273 

brass  bullets  used  by 223 


PAGE 

Spanish,  The: 

wounded  at  Las  Guasimas 
who     died    returning    to 
Santiago  buried  in  trench,  224 
fired     from     block     houses 

and  entrenchments   230 

had    sharpshooters    in   tall 
cocoanut  trees  along  the 

road 230 

sent     shrapnel     flying     in 

every  direction   230 

used  smokeless  powder....   230 
aim,  upon  gun  on  El  Poso 

Hill  very  accurate 228 

army,  made  a  solid  pha 
lanx  of  troops  from 
San  Juan,  three  miles 

to  the  left 227 

to  be  returned  to 
Spain,  only  stipula 
tion  in  surrender  of 

Santiago 244 

block  house,  near  camp  at 

Sevilla 223 

colonel,    killed    by    an    ex 
ploded   shell    215 

entrenchments,   fired   upon 

with   shrapnel    261 

fire,  Second   Massachusetts 

suffered   from    257 

fleet 198 

prisoners,    of    equal    rank, 

exchanged  for  ours 242 

ships 198 

sighted  off  Massachu 
setts  coast 164 

soldiers  along  outskirts  of 
city  receiving  morn 
ing  messs  271 

housed  on  both  sides 
of  street  in  Andalu- 

sian  quarter   272 

troops,     had     fled     toward 

Santiago,   Cuba    215 

in  jungle,  attack  First 
United  States  Volun 
teer  Cavalry  216 

24,000  transported  to 
Spain  in  their  own 

vessels 268 

war '177,  259 

Spitzel  (Pitzel),  Sergeant  Max, 
company  F,  wounded   in   ac 
tion  at  San  Juan  Hill,  Cuba,  244 
Spottsylvania,   Virginia,  battle 

of 220 

Squadron   A    161 

band 163 

furnished  music  for  re 
view  of  troops 160 

Stafford,    Surgeon    Harry    Eu 
gene  237 


376    INDEX  —  SEVENTY-FIRST  REGT.,  N.  Y.  STATE  VOLUNTEERS. 


PAGE 

Stafford,      Harry      Eugene, 

Captain,       mustered       into 

United  States  service  as 

surgeon 156 

responded  to  address 180 

weak  from  overwork 276 

Stafford,    Captain    and    Assist 
ant    Surgeon   James 79 

mustered  into  United 
States  service  as  surgeon,  156 

on  duty  in  Cuba 247 

had  been  detailed  to  serve 
with  Fourth  Regiment 

Infantry 287 

requested  to  be  returned 
to  Seventy-first  Regi 
ment  287 

Starin's    barges,    used    in    get 
ting       soldiers      ready       for 

camp 291 

State  Armory,  New  York  city, 
Thirty-fourth       street       and 
Park  avenue...    165,  297,  299,  300 
301,  302,  303,  304 
State     of     Texas,     Red     Cross 

steamer 274 

first  to  enter  harbor  after 

surrender 273 

Stegman,     Henry    R.,     of     the 

New   York  Tribune 169,  220 

Stephens     (Stevens),     Quarter 
master  Amos  II 226 

recuperating     at     Siboney, 

Cuba 243 

made  requisition  for  khaki 

suits  for   regiment 278 

Sternberg,  General  George  M., 

U.  S.  A 284,  287 

decided   to    remove    troops 

to  Montauk  Point 287 

Stevenson,     Hospital     Steward 
George    H.,     in    hospital     at 

Santiago 247 

Stoddard,  Captain  Charles  Her 
bert,   company  E 304 

assigned    to    take    care    of 

sick 19:3 

in  command  of  200  recruits 

at  Camp  Black 295 

Stoddard,    Henry    L.,     of     the 

Mail   and   Express 169 

226,  266 

account  of  the  engagement 
of  regiment  at  San  Juan 

Hill 256-266 

Sumner,     General     Samuel     S., 

U.   S.  A 260 

ordered  shrapnel  to  be 
used  instead  of  solid 

shot 261 

Sun,    the   newspaper 207,  222 


PAGE 
TALCOTT,  WILLIAM  A.,  JR., 

company  M,  died  of  fever  and 

peritonitis 254 

Tampa,  Florida   163,  164 

166,  167,  175,  183,  184,  194 
196,  256,  267,  269,  277,  295 
regiment  ordered  to..   161,  177 
thirty  of  regiment  left  to 

guard    property    in 296 

Tampa  Bay,  Florida 184 

187,  191,  194,  198,  200,  202 
Tampa     Bay     Hotel,     Tampa, 

Florida 184 

army    corps    headquarters 

at' 178 

Tampa  Heights,  Florida..   173,  174 
184,  185,  187,  188,  190,  211 
Tenth  Regiment,  United  States 

Cavalry 223 

Tenth  Regiment,  United  States 

Infantry 216 

Third    Battalion,    Seventy-first 

Regiment  Infantry    235 

led  by  Major  Keck,  among 
first  troops  to  arrive  on 

San  Juan  Hill,  Cuba 234 

companies  B  and  L  or 
dered  to  march  to  Santi 
ago  and  take  transport 
for  Montauk,  Long  Is 
land  288- 

Third     Regiment     Cavalry,     U. 

S.  A 303 

Infantry 220 

Thirteenth  Regiment  Infantry, 

U.    S.   A 194,  233 

made  gallant  charge  on 
block  house  at  extreme 

left 264 

Thirteenth  Regiment,  National 

Guard,  New  York.  .0 156 

Thirtieth    Regiment    Infantry, 

Indiana,  company  A 257 

Thirty-fourth        street,        New 

York 155,  299,  303 

Thompson,  Second  Lieutenant 
John  M.,  company  K,  pro 
moted  first  lieutenant 182 

Thorp,  Edward  Y.,  company  B, 

died  of  disease 248 

Thurston,  Dr 274 

Thurston,  Mrs 274 

Tod,  Commissary  J.  Kennedy, 
formerly  of  Seventy-first 

Regiment 181 

Towiisend,       Captain      Eugene 

De  Kay,  company  A 176 

Transports,  order  of  advance 
of  American  transports 

from   Florida  to   Cuba 195 

Tribune.  The,  newspaper 226 


INDEX  —  SEVENTY-FIRST  REGT.,  N.  Y.  STATE  VOLUNTEERS.    377 


PAGE 

Trinity  church,  rang-  its 
chimes  as  Seventy-first  Regi 
ment  parade  passed 299 

Trull,  Lieutenant  William  E., 
Jr.,  company  G,  wounded  in 
action  at  San  Juan  Hill, 

Cuba 231,  244 

Twentieth  Regiment  Infantry, 

U.  S.  A 216 

Twenty-third  Regiment  Infan 
try,  U.  S.  A 216 

Twenty-fourth     Regiment     In 
fantry,  reg-ulars    220 

233,  257,  267 

made  gallant  charge  on 
block  house  at  extreme 

left 264 

Twenty-second  street,  New 
York 155 

UNITED  STATES 154,  155 

158,  174,  304 

war  between,   Spain  and..   153 

305 

three  officers  of,  and  three 
attaches  from  foreign 
governments,  settled 
terms  of  surrender  of 

Santiago,  Cuba    244 

all     terms     of     surrender 

favorable  to   244 

mails  arrive  from 282 

Spain  agreed  to  all  the 
terms  of  peace  imposed 

by 283 

authorities  at  Washington 
directed  General  Shafter 
to  remove  all  troops  to,  286 

United  States  Army 157,  158 

194,  216,  220,  256,  267,  284 
engages  in  first  battle   on 
Cuban  soil  at  Las  Guasi- 

mas 216 

United  States  Engineer  Corps,  230 
United  States  First  Volunteer 

Cavalry 217,  218,  228 

commonly  known  as  Roose 
velt  Rough  Riders 216 

encountered  Spanish  troops 

in  the  jungle 216 

United  States  Third  Regiment 

Cavalry 303 

Fourth  Regiment  Infan 
try  287 

Sixth    Regiment    Infantry,  177 
185,  217,  223,  227,  236 
258,  260,  264,  282 
ordered   to   proceed   to 
transports     at     Port 

Tampa,    Florida    192 

moved  to  the  right 267 

Ninth  Regiment  Infantry..   264 


PAGE 

United  States  Thirteenth  Regi 
ment       Infantry,       made 
gallant   charge   on   block 
house  at  extreme  left...   264 
Sixteenth  Regiment  Infan 
try  177,  217 

223,  236,  258,  260 
264,  282,  285,  293 
ordered  to  proceed   to 
transports     at     Port 

Tampa,  Florida 192 

moved  to  the  right 267 

band  of,  played  mar 
tial  airs  as  vessel 
swung  into  the  Carib 
bean  290 

Twenty-fourth       Regiment 

Infantry 267 

made  gallant  charge 
on  block  house  at 

extreme  left   264 

United  States  authorities 273 

United   States  cavalry   service,  178 
United    States    generals,    sent 
letter  to  government  urging 
return    of    troops    to    their 

homes 287 

United       States       government, 

transport  ship 199 

supplied      no      means      of 
transportation      to      the 

regiment 284 

paid      Seventy-first      Regi 
ment     while     at     Tampa 

Heights   293 

United     States     marines,     had 
successful    fight    with    Span 
iards  at  Guantanamo,   Cuba,  216 
United    States    Military    Acad 
emy 175,   216,  220,   256,  259 

United  States  Navy 218 

United   States   officers 156 

beseech  Red  Cross  Society 
for    food    and    medicine 

for  sick  soldiers 274 

United    States   paymaster,  188,  189 
United    States    postmaster    of 
Cuba,    Mr.    Brewer,    died    of 

yellow  fever  243 

United         States        post-office, 

opened  at  Siboney,  Cuba 243 

United  States  regulars 294 

United  States   Senate 171,  181 

United  States  service 153,  156 

157,  178,  188,  302 

United  States  soldiers 231,  273 

fell  dead  and  wounded  on 

every   side    231 

lay   in   trenches    expecting 

an   attack    240 

yellow  fever   made  its   ap 
pearance  among 243 


378    INDEX  —  SEVENTY-FIRST  KEGT.,  N.  Y.  STATE  VOLUNTEERS. 


PAGE 

United  States  soldiers: 

first  shot  from  their  can 
non  fired  at  San  Juan 
without  effect  260 

and  volunteers  mixed,  in 
charge  up  San  Juan  Hill, 
Cuba 264 

five  regiments  of,  in  vic 
torious  charge  up  San 
Juan  Hill,  Cuba 264 

swamp  fever  began  to  de 
velop  among  those  at 
front 268 

enlisted  men  of,  forbidden 
to  enter  Santiago,  Cuba,  273 

only  such  officers  as  had  a 
pass  allowed  to  enter 
Santiago,  Cuba  273 

so  many  deaths  among, 
that  customary  salutes 
at  graves  wrere  not  fired,  275 

water  carried  in  canteens 
from  a  stream  a  mile 
and  a  half  away 276 

news  of  peace 279 

United  States  vessels 197 

United  States  Volunteer  Army,  160 

304,  305 

VALENTINE,  PRIVATE  WIL= 
LIAM  S.,  company  C,  wound 
ed  in  action  at  San  Juan  Hill, 

Cuba 244 

Van  Dewater,  Chaplain  George 

Roe 153,  158,  160,  161    j 

166,  167,  172,  173,  174,  176    ; 
178,  183,  184,  189,  190,  191    ! 
205,  206,  212,  217,  222,  227    ; 
228,  238,  239,  240,.  247,  269    ' 
detailed  to  prepare  an  itin 
erary  of  regiment 152    ! 

offers     prayer    for     Divine 

protection 155 

detailed  to   act   as   caterer 

to  officers'  mess 160    • 

swindled  in  buying  a  horse,  177    ! 
to  Tampa  for  medical  sup 
plies 178 

telegraphs    to    friends    for 

delicacies  for   the   sick. .   179    j 

responded   to   address 181 

relieved    of    duties    as    ca 
terer  to  officers'  mess...   209    i 
receives    check    for    $50    to 
feed     Seventy-first     men 
and   promptly  returns  it 

with  thanks    210    | 

a   dry   landing 214    ! 

held  evening  service 221    j 

memorable      Sunday      ser- 

221,  222    ' 


PAGE 

Van  Dewater,  Chaplain  George 
Eoe: 

ordered  to  take  his  place 
with  surgeons  231 

detailed  to  Siboney  on 
transportation  of  wound 
ed  men  242 

assigned  to  duty  at  Sib 
oney  268 

\vardrobe  pretty  well  de 
pleted 270 

kindness  of  Charles  F. 
Barrett  and  Charles  A. 
Brittain 270 

started  011  foot  for  Santi 
ago  to  procure  provis 
ions  and  medicines  for 
the  sick  270 

went  into  Santiago  and 
secured  from  Red  Cross 
Society  milk  and  rice  for 
the  sick  280 

erroneously  published  by 
New  York  World  as 
among  victims  of  El 
Caney  battle  281 

invited  to  officiate  at  the 
funeral  of  a  Seventh 
United  States  Regiment 
private 2S1 

notified  the  parents  when 
ever  a  death  occurred  in 
the  regiment  283 

visits  general  hospital 
tents  twice  daily  and 
those  seriously  ill  more 
frequently 2S4 

held  divine  service  in  Y.  M. 
C.  A.  tent 2SS 

assisted  by  Chaplain  Bate- 
man  in  church  service 
for  burial  at  sea 290 

detailed  by  Colonel  Downs 
to  secure  food  from  Red 
Cross  Society  292 

offered  his  services  at  gen 
eral  hospital  293 

given  30  days'  leave  of  ab 
sence  by  General 
Wheeler 295 

gave  thanks  to  God  for  His 
mercies 302 

received  a  communication 
from  Greenport,  Long 
Island,  undertaker  con 
cerning  dead  of  Seventy- 
first  Regiment 302 

writing  and  compiling  his 
tory  of  regiment 304 

his  subscription  to  Colonel 
Wallace  Abel  Downs .  305 


INDEX  —  SEVENTY-FIRST  REGT.,  N.  Y.  STATE  VOLUNTEERS.    379 


PAGE 

Veteran  Association,  Seventy- 
first  Regiment  180,  188 

committee  of,  greeted  regi 
ment  at  Long-  Island 

City 297 

Vigilancia,    transport    ship. . . .   152 
184,   198,  199,  200,  207,  212 
213,  218,  246,  277,  281,  305 
selected  by  Colonel  Downs 
to  transport  regiment  to 

Cuba 197 

boarded  by  regiment 197 

Volunteer    Army 155,    156,  158 

Von  Ette,  Arthur,  company  K, 
died  on  board  Missouri,  at 
sea 252 

WAGSTAFF,  MRS.  WALTER 

H.,  of  New  York 180 

Walsh,  William  J.,  company  D, 

died   of  fever 249 

Walton,  Samuel  J.,  company  C, 

died   of  disease 248 

War,  articles  of 189 

War,     Secretary     of,     General 

Alg-er 287 

Ward  Line    163,  197 

Washing-ton,   D.   C 166,  167,  295 

authorities  at,  directed 
General  Shafter  to  re 
move  all  troops  to 

United    States    286 

Washing-ton  Arch,  New  York 
city,  Seventy-first  Regiment 

parade   began   at 299 

Watch  Hill,  Rhode  Island 254 

Watertown,  New  York 249 

Watson,  Private  Harry  S.,  com 
pany  M,  wounded  in  action 

at  San  Juan  Hill,  Cuba 244 

Watt,  Mrs.  Archibald,  of  New 

York 180 

Wauhatchie,  Tennessee  175 

Waver! y  place,  New  York  city,  298 
Weeks,  Private  Charles  J.,  com 
pany   C,    wounded    in    action 

at  San  Juan  Hill,  Cuba 245 

Wendland,    Emil,    company    D, 

died  of  typhoid  fever 249 

Wells,  Captain  James  Hollis, 
company  F,  superintend 
ed  laying  of  water  pipes 

at   Camp  Black 162 

promoted  major   182 

major 223 

report  of  First  and  Second 
battalions  in  action  at 
San  Juan  Hill,  Cuba,  236-237 
with  Second  Battalion  de 
tailed  to  build  bridges 
and  improve  roads 241 


PAGE 

West   Indies    184 

West  Point  Military  Academy,  175 
216,  220,  256,  259 

Westburg,  New  York 254 

Westerberg,    Private    Leonard, 
company   C,  wounded  in  ac 
tion  at  San  Juan  Hill,  Cuba,  245 
Wether  bee,  Gardner,  Hawk  &, 
Messrs.,  dinner  to  officers  of 

regiment 303 

Weyler,  General  Don  Valeriano 

Y.  Nicolau   214 

Weyman,       First       Lieutenant 

Frederick  H   183 

second  lieutenant,  appoint 
ed    first    lieutenant    and 

battalion  adjutant 182 

Wheeler,  General  Joseph,  U.  S. 

A.,  rallied  cavalry  troops,  220 
sent    leave    of    absence    of 
thirty    days   to    Chaplain 

Van  De  Water 295 

White,   Ilubbard   W.,   company 

A,  died  of  yellow  fever 247 

Whitehall     street,     New     York 

city 298 

Seventy-first     Regiment 

conveyed  to  foot  of,  297,  298 
Whittle,    Captain   John   Henry, 
company      A,      promoted 

major 182 

with    First     Battalion     de 
tailed    to    build    bridges 

and  improve  roads 241 

Williams,       First       Lieutenant 
Alexander  Scott,  company  I,  186 
194,  237 
Williams,    Edgar    E.,    company 

E,  died  of  fever 249 

j    Williams,     Private     James     T., 
company    L,    died    of    yellow 

fever  .  .'   253,  281 

Windward  passage    206 

Wolters,  Musician  Frederick, 
Jr.,  company  G,  wounded  in 
action  at  San  Juan  Hill, 

Cuba 245 

Women's  Aid  Society,  served 
refreshments  to  the  troops,  302 

Wood,    Colonel   Leonard 192 

216,  260 

false  report  of  his  death..   218 
acting      as      brigadier-gen 
eral    228 

Wood,     Major      Marshall     W., 

U.    S.    A 289 

Woodford,  General  Stewart  L.,  153 

World,   the,  newspaper 281 

Worshipful  Master,  Free  Ma 
sons  .  180 


380    INDEX  —  SEVENTY-FIRST  BEGT.,  N.  Y.  STATE  VOLUNTEERS. 


PAGE 

"  YANKEE,"  cruiser    176 

Ybor  City,  Florida,  Cuban  set 
tlement  183 

184,  185,  188,  193,  194 
Yellow  fever,  called  Calentura, 

Bangui,   or  Cuban   fever,  276 

hospital 281 

Y.  M.  C.  A 284 

large       tent       given       by, 
brought  out  and  erected 
for  use  of  enlisted  men. .   282 
army     commission,     repre 
sented  by  Charles  F. 
Barrett   and   Charles 

A.   Brittain    269 

its  small  tent  used  as 
hospital  for  regi 
ment  260 

divine  services  and  so 
cial  gatherings  of 
regiment  held  in  its 

large  tent    269 

distributed  over  20,000 
sheets  of  paper  and 

10,000   envelopes    270 

headquarters  of   283 

Yonkers,  New  York 247 


PAGE 

Young,  Brigadier-General  Sam 
uel  B.  M.,  U.  S.  A 166 

disabled   in   Las   Guasimas 

action 228 

Second     Brigade     of     Cav 
alry  217,  218 

Young,  Sergeant  William  D.  S.,  283 
company  E,  died  of  moun 
tain  fever   249,  280 

buried    west    of    entrench 
ments      near      Santiago, 

Cuba 280 

Youngs,  Sergeant  George  B, 
company  I,  wounded  in  ac 
tion  at  San  Juan  Hill,  Cuba,  244 
Youngs,  Private  Lewis  B.,  com 
pany  M,  wounded  in  action 
at  San  Juan  Hill,  Cuba 244 

ZIEQNER,  SERGEANT  HER= 

MAN,  company  E,  died  of 
fever 249 

Zitnik,  Private  Henry  W.,  com 
pany  A,  wounded  in  action  at 
San  Juan  Hill,  Cuba 244 

Zoller,  Frank  H.,  company  H, 
died  of  intermittent  fever...  251 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


For  the  individual  index  of  regiments  see  page  319  et  seq. 


PAGE 

ABEEL,  ADJUTANT  ALFRED 

HAVENS 219,  303 

lieutenant,  appointed  ad 
jutant  177 

his  difficulty  in  landing...  214 
Ahern,     Corporal     William     J., 
wounded    in    action    at    San 

Juan  Hill,   Cuba 244 

Aid  Society,  Bronx  borough...  285 

Alameda,   mail   steamer 24 

Alaska 41 

Albany,  New   York 18,  29,     39 

73,  83,  107,  128,  134 
138,  141,  146,  182,  316 
Henry  L.  Stoddard,  served 

as  correspondent  at 314 

Tenth        Battalion,        com 
panies  A,  B,  C  and  D,  of,     17 
Alden,    Quartermaster    George 
M.,  Thirteenth  Battalion, 

National  Guard   47 

mustered  in  as  captain 
and  quartermaster,  Sec 
ond  Regiment  70 

captain,    mustered    out    of 

United   States    service...      82 
Alden,   Frank   E.,   died   of   ma 
larial    fever    252 

Aldrich,  Lieutenant  Bishop  L.,     47 
second  lieutenant,  National 

Guard,  not  mustered 4S 

Alger,  Russell  A.,  Secretary  of 

War 147 

with  Surgeon-General 

Sternberg,      decided      to 
have   troops   removed   to 

Montauk  Point   287 

Allatoona   Pass,   Georgia 256 

Allen,  Private  Charles  W.,  died,     68 
Allen,   Sergeant  Elisha   M.,   in 
jured  *    58 

Allen  farm,  Virginia 92,     95 

on  Difficult  Run,  First  Bri 
gade,  excepting  Twenty- 
•  second  Kansas  Regiment, 

ordered  to  92 

Alliance,    steamship    22 


PAGE 

Althause,  Private  Joseph  F., 
wounded  in  action  at  San 
Juan  Hill,  Cuba 245 

Alvarez,  Ramon,  on  New  York 
Herald  war  staff 316 

American  commanders  of  war 
ships,  spoke  well  of  newspa 
per  correspondents  317 

American  flag,  first  hoisted  on 
Puerto  Rico,  by  crew  of 

Gloucester 309 

hoisted  at  Guanica,  pre 
sented  to  city  of  Glouces 
ter  309 

American    forces    215 

American  Line 218 

American  war  vessels,  all  ex 
cept  Gloucester,  pursued 
four  Spanish  cruisers 311 

American  youth,  patriotism 
of 183 

Amsterdam,  New  York,  Forty- 
sixth   Separate   Company 

of 49,     79 

State   Armory    81 

Andalusiaii  quarter,  Santiago, 
Spanish  soldiers  housed  in..  272 

Andre,  Private  Charles,  wound 
ed  in  action  at  San  Juan 
Hill,  Cuba  245 

Andrews,  Major  Avery  D 161 

Andrews,  Captain  James  M., 
Jr 49 

Andrews,  Brigadier-General 
John  N.,  Second  Brigade,  136,  137 

Annapolis,  Maryland,  Naval 
Academy  Museum,  Spanish 
flag  captured  at  Puerto  Rico, 
hangs  in  309 

Annexation  ceremonies  of 
transfer  of  Hawaiian  Islands 
to  United  States 23 

Anthony,  Colonel  Charles, 
Third  Ohio 135 

Apache  Indians  44 

Aquadores,  feint  made  to  land 
troops  at  212 


382 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


PAGE 

-Aqueduct   bridge,    Virginia,  93,     94    | 

Arizona,   ship    23 

Army  Commission,  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  174 

175,  283    | 

work  in  Cuba 281    ; 

corps,  headquarters,  at 
Tampa  Bay  Hotel,  Flor 
ida  . 178  j 

Artesian  wells  sunk  to  supply 

water   for   camp 186    i 

Articles    of   war 189    j 

Ashley,       Assistant        Surgeon 

Maurice  Cavileer..   19,  20,  21,     25    ' 

Associated  Press   207,  317 

Astor,  Lieutenant-Colonel  John 
Jacob,    on   General    Shafter's 

staff 260,  262 

Atlanta,   Georgia    68 

70,  71,  140,  257 
Atlantic,  Division  of  the...   40,     41 

Atlantic   liner,    mentioned 199    i 

Atlantic  Ocean   316,  317 

Auburn,   New   York 85,  125 

Second   Separate   Company 

of 84 

Austin,    Captain    Elmore    Far- 

rington 235 

among  first  troops  To  ar 
rive  at  San  Juan  Hill, 

Cuba 233 

Australia,  mail  steamer 24 

Averill   Park,   New  York 71 

74,     75    ! 

BABBITT,   GEORGE   M.,   died 
on  board  ship  and  buried  at 

sea 253,  290 

Babcock,  Captain  Frank  G., 
Jr.,  Forty-seventh  Sepa 
rate  Company  84 

company  K   85 

military  record  of 120,  121    I 

mustered  out   121    I 

Babcock,         Private         George 

L 183,  184 

Babcock,  Mrs.  George  L..   183,  184 
Bahama   Channel,    Great. .   200,  204 

Bahme,  Private  Felix,  died 76    , 

Bailey,     Private     Edward     A., 

died 29 

Bailey,  First  Lieutenant  Fred 
erick  W.  G.,  military  rec 
ord  of  114 

mustered  out   114 

Baiquiri    (Daiquiri),   Cuba,  212,  269 

artillery  at   225 

Baker,  Private  Charles  N.,  died,     68 
Baker,        Second        Lieutenant 

William 48 

Balch,  Major  Lewis,  assistant 
surgeon-general,  New 
York,  mustered  in  as 
surgeon 45 


PAGE 
Balch,  Major  Lewis: 

acting  assistant  surgeon- 
general  47 

assigned  to  duty  as  acting 

chief  surgeon   52 

organized  Division  Hos 
pital  and  Ambulance 

company 52 

surgeon,     appointed     chief 

surgeon 56 

ordered  to  report  to  his 

regiment 66 

commissioned  brigadier- 
surgeon,  United  States 

Volunteers 82 

resigned 82 

Baltimore,  Maryland   51,  132 

Baltimore    and    Ohio    Eailway,     51 

88,  132 

Baltimore  arid  Ohio  Southwes 
tern  Railway    51 

Barber,  Captain  Clarence 
James,  Second  Separate 

Company 84 

company  M  85 

military  record  of 122 

mustered  out   122 

Barber,     Colonel     Merritt,     as- 
s  i  s  t  a  n  t     adjutant-general, 

United   States  Army 31,     32 

Barber,  Colonel  Thomas  H.,  20,     21 
22,    23,   24,    31,     32 
33,    34,   36,    37,     41 
appointed      colonel,      First 
Regimen 1,       National 

Guard 18 

formally  accepted  colors 
presented  to  his  regi 
ment  19 

promoted  brigadier-gen 
eral,  United  States  Vol 
unteers 27 

abuse  of,  uncalled  for 37 

military  record  of 39-42 

mustered  out  United  States 

service 42 

Barnett,  Colonel  John  T.,  159th 

Indiana 92 

Barnival,     Corporal     John     J., 

injured 58 

Barnum,  John  M.,  died  of  dys 
entery  250 

Barrett,  Charles  P.,  repre 
sented  Army  Commis 
sion,  Y.  M.  C.  A 269 

evangelist  of  Moody  Insti 
tute,  in  charge  of  army 
commission  work  in 

Cuba 281 

kindly  ministrations  to 
Seventy-first  Regiment . .  282 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


PAGE 

Barrett,        Private        Malcolm, 
wounded    in    action    at    Sail 

Juan   Hill,    Cuba 245 

Barron,   Captain  Hugh  J 130 

resigned 147 

Barry,  Thomas  H.,  A.  A.  G.,  U. 

S.  A 33 

Bartholomew,   Second  Lieuten 
ant  Alanson  D 49,     61 

Barton,   Miss   Clara 273,  274 

Bateman,  Chaplain  Cephas  C., 
Sixteenth  Infantry,  regu 
lars  290 

appointed  chaplain  at  gen 
eral  hospital,  Mont-auk 

Point   .  . 293 

Rates,      A  d  j  u  t  a  n  t      William 

Graves 172,  182 

appointed  captain  volun 
teers  181 

Bander,  Captain  Frank 49 

Ha  urn,  Dr.  Henry  C.,  Forty- 
iirst  Separate  Company, 
Syracuse,  mustered  in  as 

assistant   surgeon    45 

captain,  commissioned  ma 
jor  and  surgeon,  Second 
Regiment,  New  York 

Volunteers 82 

mustered  out  82 

Bauth,    Private    E.    F.,    trans 
ferred    to    Division    Hospital 

Corps  .  .   60 

Baxter,  First  Lieutenant  Alex 
ander  Gillespie    26 

Bayoime,  New  Jersey 248 

Beach  Grove,  North  Carolina..   108 
Beardslee,   Private  Burton   M., 

died 29 

B  e  a  1 1  y,  Quartermaster-Ser 
geant  John  H 282 

detailed  to  Siboney  to  han 
dle  mail  for  the  Seventy- 
first  Regiment  243 

Bedloes  Island,  New  York 164 

Beekman,    Lieutenant    William 

Schuyler .- 182 

recuperating     at     Siboney, 

Cuba 243 

Belgium 40 

Bell,  Major  and  Surgeon  Wil 
liam  Duilield  193 

208,  218,  237 

mustered  into  United 
States  service  as  sur 
geon  156,  276 

Bell,     Surgeon     William     Duf- 

field 286 

Benuis  (Bemis),  Major  and 
Surgeon  William  Mar 
vin  .123 


PAGE 

Bemus  (Bemis),  Major  and 
Surgeon  William  Marvin, 
mustered  into  United 
States  service  as  sur 
geon  86 

military  record  of 110 

mustered  out   110 

Bernheimer,  Messrs 282 

Betts,  Private  Clarence  W.,  ap 
pointed  regimental  sergeant- 
major  70 

Biddle,  Nicholas,  on  New  York 

Herald  war  staff 316 

Big  Horn  Mountains,  Wy 
oming  41 

Bigelow,  Poultney,  Herald  cor 
respondent  169 

Bills,  Colonel  Charles  J.,  Sec 
ond  Nebraska  Volunteer  In 
fantry  52 

Binghamton,  Twentieth  Sepa 
rate  Company  17 

Birmingham,   Alabama    143 

Black,  Governor  Frank  S 18 

45,  48,  87,  109,  131 
133,  137,  155,  171,  295 
reviewed  Second  Regiment, 

New  York  Volunteers...     46 
visited       encampment       of 
Sixty-ninth    Regiment    ..   144 

reviewed  troops 160 

Black,  Joseph  I.,  died  of  entero 

colitis 251 

Black,  Colonel  William  M., 
landed  a  portion  of  engi 
neer  battalion  308 

regiment       of       engineers, 

landed 309 

Blackingtoii,  Private  Hugh  P., 
discharged  from  United 

States  service 76 

Blanchard,  Private  William  A., 

mjiired 58 

Blanco,  Captain  General  Ra- 
moii,  ordered  Admiral  Cer- 
vera  to  take  his  entire  fleet 

out  to  sea 239 

Blauvelt,  Quartermaster-Ser 
geant  Lester  J.,  ap 
pointed  second  lieuten 
ant  182 

detailed       commissary      of 

regiment  .  .* 182 

Bleakley,   Private   Andrew   W., 

died 80 

Bloody    Bend,    a    thick    gulch 

near  El  Poso,  Cuba 229,  241 

Boardman,    Second   Lieutenant 

Fred  W 26 

Boice,  First  Lieutenant  Charles 
Henry 26 


384 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


PAGE 

Bolger,        Second       Lieutenant 

John   F 130 

recommended    to    be    first 

lieutenant 131 

Bonsai,  Stephen,  of  the  Sun...  318 
Booth,   Private  Frank  W.,   ap 
pointed  amanuensis    ....  212 
buried  near  the  ford  below 

San  Juan  Hill,  Cuba 240 

killed     in    action     at     San 

Juan  Hill,   Cuba ' 250 

Booth,  Private  John,  buried 
near  the  ford  below  San 

Juan  Hill,  Cuba 240 

killed     in     action     at     San 

Juan  Hill,  Cuba 252 

Boston,  Massachusetts 249 

First  Corps,  Cadets 109 

Bostwick,  Mr 183,  184 

Botts,       Private       John       M., 
wounded    in    action    at    San 

Juan  Hill,  Cuba 245 

Bourke,  John,  died  of  typhoid 

fever 251 

Bowman    and    Harsh,    Messrs., 

Birmingham,   Alabama    143 

Boynton,  Sergeant  Charles  F., 

appointed  second  lieutenant,  183 
Brainard,       First      Lieutenant 
James  S.,  military  record 

of 118 

mustered    out    118 

Brainard,  Chaplain  James  Wil 
son  123 

military   record    of Ill 

mustered  out  Ill 

Braytoii,  Sergeant-Major  Clar 
ence  E.,  military  record 

of Ill 

died 124 

commissioned   second   lieu 
tenant  127 

Brazee  (Brezee),  Private  Fred 
erick  A.,  injured 58 

Brett,  Captain  Lloyd  M.,  Third 
United  States  Cavalry, 
detailed  as  mustering- 
out  officer  of  the  Sev 
enty-first  Regiment 303 

guest    at    dinner    given    to 
Seventy-first       Regiment 

officers 303 

Brewer,      Mr.      Eben,      United 
States    postmaster    in    Cuba, 

died  of  yellow  fever 243 

Bristoe,  Virginia 100 

British  Columbia    41 

British     consul     at     Santiago, 

kindness  of  274 

Brittain,  Charles  A.,  represent 
ed  Army  Commission,  Y. 
M.  C.  A 269 


PAGE 

Brittain,  Charles  A.: 

with  the  chaplain  and 
Charles  F.  Barrett,  ef 
forts  to  procure  provis 
ions  and  medicines  for 

the  sick    270 

gave  tent  to  Seventy-first 
Regiment  for  a  hospital,  283 

Broad  Creek,  Virginia 100 

Broad  Run,  Virginia 101,  102 

Broadway,  New  York 298 

Broadway  Tabernacle,  Thirty- 
fourth  street,  New  York. 180 

Bronx  borough,  New  York....   285 
Brooke,    General    John    R.,    U. 

S.  A 132,   133,  134 

Brooklyn,    The,    United    States 

cruiser 318 

Brooklyn,  New  York 39 

248,  249,  253,  301 

Brooklyn  bridge  298 

Brooklyn   Eag'le    318 

Brower,   Charles  D 174 

Brown,     Private     Clinton     B., 
buried  near  the  ford  be 
low  San  Juan  Hill,  Cuba,  240 
killed    in     action     at     San 

Juan  Hill,   Cuba 253 

Brown,  Henry  S.,  in  charge  of 

Herald  forces  in  West  Indies,  316 
Brown,       Private       John       K., 
wounded    in    action    at    San 

Juan   Hill,   Cuba 245 

Brown,  Colonel  Oscar  J.,  Sec 
ond  Georgia 135,  140 

Brown,  First  Lieutenant  Thur- 

ber  A 106 

military  record  of 121 

mustered  out   121 

Brown,  Walter  J.,  died  of  dys 
entery  248 

Brown,  Wilson  and,  Infirmary,  143 
Brugman,  Dr.  Albert  F.,  Sec 
ond  Battery,  National 
Guard,  New  York,  mus 
tered  in  as  assistant  sur 
geon  46 

detailed  to  assist  at  Sec 
ond  Division  Hospital...  68 

captain,  mustered  out 82 

Bryant,     First    Sergeant    Wil 
liam  W.,  recommended  to 

be  second  lieutenant 133 

second  lieutenant,  re 
signed  150 

Bull  Run  Creek,  Virginia 98 

99,  100 

temporary  bridge  con 
structed  over  99 

Bull  Run  Field,  Virginia,  Third 
Regiment,  New  York  Volun 
teers,  arrived  at 98 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


385 


PAGE 

Burhans,    Arthur    D.,    died    of 

disease   248 

Burkes  Station,  Virginia,  Third 
Regiment,  New  York  Vol 
unteers,  arrived  at 90 

Third  Regiment,  New  York 

Volunteers,  left  camp  at,     97 
Burton.      Sergeant-Major      Ed 
ward  H 21 

Second     Lieutenant,     com 
pany  B 25 

promoted    to    second    lieu 
tenant  28 

Butler,  Captain  John  G 85 

93,     97 

Forty-first    Separate    Com 
pany  85 

to  Syracuse  to  receive  re 
cruits  91 

military  record  of 115-116 

mustered  out   310 

Butler,  Captain  Mighells  Bach- 
maii,  Forty-second  Sepa 
rate  Company  84 

nominated  major   83 

mustered        into        United 
States  service  as  major..     87 

mentioned 97,    104,'  106,  123 

military  record  of JOS 

mustered  out 108 

Butt,  Brigadier-General  McCos- 
kry,  National  Guard,  New 
York 156 

CALENTURA,  or  yellow  fever,  276 

California 35,  171 

regiment 32 

Callanan,  Private  John  J.,  Jr., 
promoted   second   lieutenant, 
203rd  New  York  Volunteers,     27 
Camp  Alger  (Russell  A.),  Falls 

Church.  Virginia    32,     58 

87,  88.  89,  90,  104 
abandoned    on    account   of 

increase  of  sickness 94 

Camp  Black,  Hempstead 
Plains,  Long  Island,  New 

York 18,     19 

30,  31,  37,  45,  48,  50 

58,  68,  75,  81,  84,  85 

87,  89,  128,  154,  155,  158 

161,  163,  164,  168,  169,  172 

174,  176,  211,  253,  285,  304 

account    of    water    supply 

at ".   162 

Colonel  Arthur  MacArthur 

pays  troops    293 

200  recruits  encamped  at..  295 
Seventy-first  Regiment 
New  York  Volunteers, 
ordered  to  reassemble 
at  for  muster-out  of 
United  States  service...  302 


PAGE 

Camp  Forse  (Albert  G.),  Hunts- 

ville,   Alabama    146,  151 

Camp     Hardin,     Averill     Park, 

New  York 74,     77 

soldiers     at,     annoyed     by 

sightseers 75 

passed   into   history 78 

Camp       McKinley,       Hawaiian 

Islands 22,   23,    29,     30 

Camp       Meade,       Middletown, 

Pennsylvania    . .   104,  105,  127 
First  Battalion,  Third  New 
York  Volunteers,  arrived 

at 106 

Second  Battalion,  Third 
New  York  Volunteers, 

arrived  at    106 

Camp  Merritt,  California 21 

Camp  Presidio,  San  Francisco, 

California 21 

Camp  Tampa,  Florida 128 

Camp  Thomas,  Kentucky 55 

Camp  Wheeler,  Huntsville,  Ala 
bama  141,  142 

Camp  Wikoff,  Montauk   Point, 

Long  Island 246,  247,  248 

249,  250,  251,  252,  253 
inefficient  management,  es 
pecially  of  hospitals 294 

well  men  here  had  no  rea 
son  to  complain 294 

sick  of  Seventy-first  Regi 
ment  left  in  Santiago,  as 
soon  as  recovered,  sailed 

for 296 

sick  of  Seventy-first  Regi 
ment  in  296 

list  of  Seventy-first  Regi 
ment  dead  at 303 

Campbil  farm,  Virginia,  on 
which  Camp  Alger  was  lo 
cated  88 

Canada,  Dominion  of 41 

Canaries,   The    316 

Canning,  Private  George  C 206 

Cape  San  Juan,  Porto  Rico, 
expedition  to  Porto  Rico 
under  General  Miles  de 
signed  to  land  at 306 

Capron,  Captain  Allyn,  U.  S.  A., 
military  record  of,  foot 
note  259 

died  near  Fort  Myer,  Vir 
ginia  259 

Capron,  Captain  Allyn  Kissam, 
Rough  Riders,  military 

record  of   218 

killed     in     action     at     Las 

Guasimas,   Cuba    259 

("apron's   artillery   opened   fire 

at  El  Caney,  Cuba 259 

Carey,  Private  John,  injured 
in  railway  wreck..  .  145 


386 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


PAGE 

Caribbean  Sea 290,  315 

Carlisle,     Corporal    Lewis     W., 
wounded     in     action     at 

San  Juan  Hill,  Cuba 245 

died  from  wounds  received 

in   action    253 

Carmer,    William    R.,    died    on 

board  Missouri,  at  sea 249 

Carolina,  South 216 

Carolinas,  The,  campaign  of..  256 
Carpenter,    Harry    F.,    died    of 

typhoid  malaria    250 

Carpenter,      Brigadier-General 
Louis      H.,      Fourth      Army 

Corps 52,53,54,56,62,     66    j 

67,  134,  135,  149 

Carpenter's  Brigade   54 

Carroll,    General    Howard,    in 
spected      Sixty-ninth      Regi- 

ment 137 

Carroll,      Private      James      F., 
wounded    in    action    at    San 

Juan  Hill,   Cuba 244 

Carswell,    Nathan   H.,    died    of 

malarial  fever   252 

Carter,     Private     Charles     F., 

died 29 

Case,    Private    Charles    Irving, 

injured 58    j 

Casey,  Private  James  L.,  trans 
ferred    to    division    hospital 

corps 60    I 

Casey,  Private  Thomas,  died..  151 
Cavanaugh,    John    F.,    died    of 

fever 252 

Central    Railroad  of  New  Jer 
sey  50,     51 

Cervera,        Admiral       Pasqual 
(Pascual),      ordered      to 

take  his  fleet  to  sea 239 

lost  every  vessel  at  the 
mouth  of  Santiago  Har 
bor,  Cuba 239  j 

attempt  to  run  the  gaunt 
let  of  Sampson's  squad 
ron  311 

first  story  of  destruction 
of  his  squadron  brought 
to  Port  Antonio,  Ja 
maica,  by  Golden  Rod, 

dispatch   boat    316 

Chaff ee,  General  Adna  R.,  lieu 
tenant-general,  U.   S.  A.,  150 
brigade     of     regulars,     or 
dered    into    final    charge 

at  El  Caney,  Cuba 257 

Chain  Bridge,  Virginia 93 

Chamberlain,  William  J.,  of  the 

Sun 317    I 

Chapel,     Private     Herbert     S., 

died 77    ' 

Chapman,  Carlton  T.,  artist...   318 


PAGE 

Charles,  First  Lieutenant  Wil 
liam    S.,   military   record 

of 121 

mustered  out  121 

Charles  Nelson,  packet 21 

Charlotte,  South  Carolina 72 

Charlottesville,  Virginia   72 

Chase,  Major  James  T 19 

20,  21,     28 

resigned 27 

military  record   of 43 

mustered  in  United  States 

service 43 

retired 43 

Chattanooga,  Tennessee   51 

Chattanooga     Valley,     Tennes- 

Cheeversi '  William'  E.','  died  "of 

fever 251 

buried  beyond  entrench 
ments  near  Santiago, 

Cuba 283 

Chicago,  Illinois   20 

Chicago       and      Northwestern 

Railroad 20 

Chickamauga,  Georgia..   31,  50,     52 
54,  135,  137,  138,  188,  211 
Sixty-ninth       New       York 
Volunteers  ordered  to...  132 

battlefield  of    51 

National  Military  Park, 
Sixtj'-ninth  Regiment  ar 
rived  at 133 

Cincinnati,  Ohio 51,  132,  140 

City  of  Washington,  transport 

ship 175 

Civil  War 132,  160,   166,  175 

veterans,   escort  of,   added 
a    feature    to    parade    of 
Seventy-first      Regiment,  300 
Clark,    Alexander    H.,    died    of 

typhoid  fever  248 

Clark  (Clarke),  Private  Wash 
ington  B.,  wounded  in  action 

at  San  Juan  Hill,  Cuba 244 

Clarkin,  Franklyn,  of  the  Even 
ing  Post  318 

Clifton,    Virginia    99 

Cluett,  Private  George  Alford, 
appointed  second  lieutenant 
202nd  Regiment,  New  York 

Volunteers 60 

Cluett,  Private  Sanford  L 55 

Cochran,    Colonel    Melville    A., 

U.  S.  A 185 

Cohoes,     New    York,     Seventh 

Separate  Company  of,  48,  73,     80 
Coleman,     Second     Lieutenant 

Obed  M 49 

Collette,  Private  George  F., 
transferred  to  Hospital 
Corps,  U.  S.  A 70 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


387 


PAGE 

Collin,  Captain  Thomas  Camp 
bell  48 

major 53,  61,     72 

mustered  in  as  major 59 

mustered     out     of     United 

States   service    82 

Collins,  Surgeon  George  W....   129 

Colorado  troops   21 

Colt  gun,  011   shore,   in  charge 
of  Lieutenant  T.  C.  Wood...   307 
308,  309 

Columbia  county,  New  York..   314 
Columbia,     District     of,     First 

Regiment   54,  56,     60 

Columbia,   South  Carolina 72 

Columbia       University,       New 

York 183 

Columbus,   Ohio    146 

Comba,  General  Richard,  U.  S. 

A 150 

Commissary   department    159 

U.  S.  A 54 

signs  of  improvement  in..   276 
Commissioned  officers  of  First 
Regiment,  New  York  Volun 
teers,  list  of 25-29 

Company  A,  Tenth  Battalion, 
became  company  A,  First 

Regiment 18 

Company  A,  First  Regiment  In 
fantry,  New  York  Volun 
teers  19,  20,  22 

23,  24,  25,  27,     29 
Company  A,   Second   Regiment 
Infantry,  New  York  Vol 
unteers    48,  50,     53 

59,  60,  61,  62,  64 

66,  70,  75,  78,  79 

thirty-four   recruits  for...     60 

paid   and   mustered   out   of 

United  States  service....     80 

four  deaths  in 81 

Company  A,  Third  Regiment 
Infantry,  New  York  Volun 
teers  85,  114 

Company  A,  Sixty-ninth  Regi 
ment  Infantry,  New  York 

Volunteers  .  . ' 129,  148 

Company        A,        Seventy-first 
Regiment  Infantry"  New 
York  Volunteers.^..   176,  182 
183,  236,  237,  240 
244,  245,  246,  247 
only  ten  men  remained  for 

camp  duty  294 

Company  A,  Thirtieth  Indiana 

Volunteer  Infantry   257 

Company  A,  Forty-eighth  Regi 
ment,  National  Guard,  New 

York 116 

Company  A,  Fifty-sixth  New 
York  Volunteers  ....  43 


PAGE 

Company   B,    Tenth   Battalion, 
became     company     B,     First 
Regiment,   National  Guard . .     18 
Company    B,    First    Regiment, 
New  York  Volunteers...   19,     20 
21,  22,  23,  24 
25,  27,  28,  29 

Company  B,  Second  Regiment 
Infantry,  New  York  Vol 
unteers  48 

50,  53,  59,  60,  61,  62,  65 
twenty-six  recruits  for...  60 
paid  and  mustered  out  of 

United  States  service 80 

no   deaths   in 81 

Company  B,  Third  Regiment 
Infantry,  New  York  Volun 
teers  85,  87,  115 

Company  B,  Sixty-ninth  Regi 
ment  Infantry,  New  York 

Volunteers 129 

133,  141,  144,  147,  151 
;    Company        B,        Seventy-first 
Regiment  Infantry,  New 
York  Volunteers  ...   182,  183 
184,  206,  231,  240 
243,  244,  245,  247 
ordered  to  march  to  Santi 
ago    and   take   transport 
for  Montauk,  New  York,  288 
Company  B,   Tenth  Regiment,     42 
Company    C,    Tenth   Battalion, 
became     company     C,     First 
Regiment,   National   Guard..     18 
Company    C,    First    Regiment, 

New  York  Volunteers 19 

20,  21,  22,  23,  24,  25,     29 
Company  C,  Second  Regiment, 
Infantry,  New  York  Vol 
unteers   48,  50,     53 

57,  60,  64,  65,  68,  70,     79 

twenty-six  recruits  for 60 

paid   and   mustered   out   of 

United  States  service 80 

three  deaths  in 81 

Company  C,  Third  Regiment 
Infantry,  New  York  Vol 
unteers  85,  105,  111,  115 

detailed  for  guard  duty  at 

Dunn   Loring,   Virginia . .     93 
Company   C,   Sixty-ninth   Regi 
ment     Infantry,     New     York 

Volunteers 129,  131,  140,  148 

Company  C,  Seventy-first  Regi 
ment  Infantry,  New  York 

Volunteers 206,  217 

231,  240,  244,  245,  246,  248 
!    Company  D,   Tenth   Battalion, 
became     company     D,     First 
Regiment,   National  Guard..     18 


388 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


PAGE 

Company  D,  First  Regiment 
Infantry,  New  York  Volun 
teers  .  ." 19 

20,  22,  23,  24,  25,     29 
Company  D,   Second  Regiment 
Infantry,  New  York  Vol 
unteers  47,     48 

50,  53,  59,  63,     65 

68,  75,  76,  79,     80 

twenty-six  recruits  for ....     60 

paid  and  mustered   out   of 

United  States  service. ...     80 

eight   deaths    in 81 

Company  D,  Third  Regiment 
Infantry,  New  York  Vol 
unteers  85 

86,  87,  93,  95,  127 
mustered  in  United  States 

service 86 

Company  D,  Sixty-ninth  Regi 
ment  Infantry,  New  York 

Volunteers 129,  147,  148,  151 

Company  D,  Seventy-first  Regi 
ment  Infantry,  New  York 

Volunteers    236,   245,  248 

Company    D,    Nineteenth    New 

York   State   Militia 43 

Company  D,  110th  Battalion, 
National  Guard,  New  York,  107 

121 

Company  E,  First  Regiment 
Infantry,  New  York  Vol 
unteers  19 

20,  22,  23,  24,  26,  28,     29 
Company  E,   Second   Regiment 
Infantry,  New  York  Vol- 

imteers 49 

50,  53,  59,  62,  68,  70,  76,     79 

twelve  recruits  for 60 

paid  and  mustered   out   of 

United  States  service 81 

one  death  in 81 

Company  E,  Third  Regiment 
Infantry,  New  York  Vol 
unteers  86,  87,  117 

men     of,     entertained     by 

citizens  of  Warrenton...   104 
Company  E,   Sixty-ninth  Regi 
ment     Infantry,    New    York 

Volunteers 130 

131,  133,  142,  145 
Company  E,  Seventy-first  Regi 
ment    Infantry,     New    York 

Volunteers 192,   206,  219 

244,  245,  246,  249,  280,  303 
Company  E,  Ninth  Indiana  In 
fantry  257 

Company  E,  Twenty-second 
Regiment,  National  Guard, 
New  York 109,  126 


PAGE 

Company  E,  Fifty-fourth  Regi 
ment,  National  Guard,  New 

York 114 

Company  F,  First  Regiment 
Infantry,  New  York  Volun 
teers  19 

20,  22,  23,  24,  26,     29 
Company  F,   Second  Regiment 
Infantry,  New  York  Vol 
unteers  49 

50,  53,     70 

twelve  recruits  for 60 

paid  and  mustered   out   of 
United  States  service....     81 

no   deaths   in 81 

Company  F,  Third  Regiment 
Infantry,  New  York  Vol 
unteers  86,  118 

detailed  for  guard  duty  at 

Dunn   Loring,   Virginia..     93 
detailed       to       round       up 

stragglers 97 

Company  F,  Sixty-ninth  Regi 
ment  Infantry,  New  York 

Volunteers 130,  151 

Company    F,    Seventy-first   Regi 
ment  Infantry,  New  York 
Volunteers,    153,  162,  194,  206 
211,  212,  231,  236,  237,  240 
244,  245,  246,  250,  283,  290 
led    by    Captain    Rafferty, 
among  first  troops  to  ar 
rive    on    San    Juan    Hill, 

Cuba 233 

losses  most   severe 236 

Company  F,  Forty-eighth  Regi 
ment  .  116 

Company  G,  First  Regiment 
Infantry,  New  York  Volun 
teers  19 

20,  22,  23,  24,  26,     29 
Company  G,   Second  Regiment 
Infantry,  New  York  Vol 
unteers  49 

50,  53,  70,  76,  78,     82 

twelve  recruits  for 60 

paid  and  mustered   out   of 

United  States  service 81 

no   deaths   in 81 

Company  G,  Third  Regiment 
Infantry,  New  York  Vol 
unteers  86,  118 

detailed  as  provost  guard,     99 
Company  G,   Sixty-ninth  Regi 
ment     Infantry,     New     York 

Volunteers 130 

142,  143,  145,  148 
Company  G,  Seventy-first  Regi 
ment     Infantry,     New     York 

Volunteers 191 

236,  237,  244,  245,  246,  250 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


389 


PAGE 

Company    G,    168th    New    York 

Volunteers 43 

Company  H,  First  Regiment 
Infantry,  New  York  Vol 
unteers  20 

21,  22,  23,  24,  26,     30 

in  measles  quarantine 19 

joined       headquarters       at 
Fort       Columbus,       Xew 

York  harbor  19 

Company  H,  Second  Regiment 
Infantry,  New  York  Vol 
unteers'!  49,  50,  53,  79 

twelve  recruits  for 60 

paid   and  mustered   out   of 

United  States  service 81 

one   death   in 81 

Company  H,  Third  Regiment 
Infantry,  New  York  Vol 
unteers  86 

103,  111,  119,  124 
acted  as  color  company...     90 
Company  H,   Sixty-ninth  Regi 
ment     Infantry,     New     York 

Volunteers  .  .   130,  133 

Company  H,  Seventy-first  Regi 
ment  Infantry,  National 
Guard,  New  York,  first 
company  to  encamp  for 
examination  and  muster 
into  volunteer  service...  155 

New  York  Volunteers 206 

236,  243,  244,  245,  246,  251 
Company  H,  Seventh  Regiment, 

National  Guard,  New  York..  122 
Company  H,  Fifty-fourth  Regi 
ment,    National   Guard,    New 

York 122 

Company  H,  Fourth  Regiment, 

National  Guard,  New  Jersey.  117 
Compam-     I,     First     Regiment 
Infantry,   New   York   Volun 
teers  19,     20 

21,  22,  23,  24,  26,  28,     30 
Company   I,    Second   Regiment 
Infantry,  New  York  Vol 
unteers 49,    50,    53,     82 

twenty-four  recruits  for..     60 
paid  and  mustered  out   of 

United  States  service 81 

no  deaths  in 81 

Company  I,  Third  Regiment 
Infant^,  New  York  Volun 
teers 85,  93,  95,  120 

Company  I,  Sixty-ninth  Regi 
ment  Infantry,  New  York 

Volunteers    130,   147,  148 

Company  I,  Seventy-first  Regi 
ment  Infantry,  New  York 

Volunteers 170,  192 

194,  206,  237,  240,  244,  251 


PAGE 

Company  I,  Seventy-first  Regi 
ment  Infantry,  New 
York  Volunteers: 
led  by  Captain  Meeks, 
among  first  troops  to 
arrive  on  San  Juan  Hill, 

Cuba 234 

Company  K,  First  Regiment 
Infantry,  New  York  Volun 
teers  19,  20,  21 

22,  23,  24,  26,  28,  30,     44 
Company  K,   Second   Regiment 
Infantry,  New  York  Vol 
unteers  47 

48,  50,  53,  59,  75,  79,     80 
twenty-seven  recruits  for..     60 
paid   and  mustered   out   of 
United   States    service...     81 

three  deaths  in 81 

Company  K,  Third  Regiment 
Infantry,  New  York  Volun 
teers 85,  93,  95,  120 

Company  K,  Sixty-ninth  Regi 
ment  Infantry,  New  York 

Volunteers 130,  133,  144,  148 

Company  K,  Seventy-first  Regi 
ment  Infantry,  New  York 

Volunteers 182,  218 

231,  240,  244,  245,  251,  303 
Company  K,  Seventh  Regiment 
Infantry,    New   York   Volun 
teers   181 

Company  L,  First  Regiment 
Infantry,  New  York  Volun 
teers  19 

20,  21,  22,  23,  24,  26,     30 
Company   L,   Second   Regiment 
Infantry,  New  York  Vol 
unteers  49,     50 

53,  61,  68,  70,  76,  77,     80 
twenty-eight  recruits  for..     60 
paid   and  mustered   out   of 
United  States  service....     80 

eight  deaths  in 81 

Company  L,  Third  Regiment 
Infantry,  New  York  Vol 
unteers  85 

93,  95,  106,  114,  121 
acted  as  escort  to  colors. .     90 
Company   L,   Sixty-ninth   Regi 
ment    Infantry,     New     York 

Volunteers    130,   147,  148 

Company  L,  Seventy-first  Regi 
ment  Infantry,  New  York 
Volunteers,    164,  235,  240,  244 
245,  252,  280,  281,  290,  303 
led      by      Captain      Austin, 
among  first  troops  to  ar 
rive    on    San    Juan    Hill, 
Cuba .233 


390 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


PAGE 

Company  L,  Seventy-first  Regi 
ment       Infantry,        New 
York  Volunteers: 
ordered  to  march  to  Santi 
ago    and    take   transport 
for  Montank,  New  York,  288 
Company    M,    First    Regiment 
Infantry,   New   York   Volun 
teers  .  .• 19 

20,  21,  22,  23,  24,  27,     30 
Company  M,  Second  Regiment 
Infantry,  New  York  Vol 
unteers  49 

50,  53,  66,  68,  71,  76,  77 
twenty-eight  recruits  for..  60 
paid  and  mustered  out  of 

United  States  service 80 

four   deaths   in 81 

Company  M,  Third  Regiment 
Infantry,  New  York  Vol 
unteers  85,  114,  122 

detailed  to  act  as  provost 

guard 101 

Company  M,  Sixty-ninth  Regi 
ment  Infantry,  New  York 

Volunteers    131,   134,  148 

Company  M,  Seventy-first  Regi 
ment  Infantry,  New  York 

Volunteers 164,  167 

182,  183,  236,  237,  240 
244,  245,  253,  290,  295 
led    by    Captain    Goldsbor- 
ough,  among  first  troops 
to    arrive    on    San    Juan 

Hill,   Cuba    234 

losses  most  severe 236 

detailed  to  unload  wagons 
and  put  goods  aboard 
transport  La  Grande 

Duchesse 289 

Concho,  transport   273 

Conger,  Private  Alfred  B., 
wounded  in  action  at  San 

Juan  Hill,   Cuba 244 

Congress,  passed  an  act  to  in 
crease  the  army 83 

resolution  of,  declared  war 
between  United  States 

and   Spain    153 

Conkliii,  Eugene,  representing 
Seventy-first  Veteran  Associ 
ation  180 

Conkling,    Colonel,    Civil    War 

veteran 297 

Connellan,  Sergeant  John  J...   143 
Conroy,  Alexander,  deserted..   252 
Convent  Station,  New  Jersey. .   256 
Cook,   George  W.,  died  of  ma 
larial  fever   249 

Coppinger,  Major-General  John 

J.,  U.  S.  A 54 

56,  59,  66,  134,  136,  141 


PAGE 

Coppinger,  Major-General  John 

J.,  U.  S.  A.: 
ordered      to      proceed      to 

Porto   Rico    67 

retired 149 

Corbin,  Henry  C.,  adjutant- 
general,  U.  S.  A 32 

Corbin,     Rutherford,     on    New 

York  Herald  war  staff 316 

Cornell  University,  Ithaca,  New 

York 167 

Corps      Hospital,      Huntsville, 

Alabama 148 

Corr  (Carr),  Corporal  Fran 
cis  J 59 

Correspondents,   enterprise  of, 

in  Spanish  War 315-318 

Cotton,  Frederick  R.,  enlisted,  114 
Coulter,  Ernest  Kent,  on  New 

York  Herald  war  staff 316 

Cowles,  Private  George  H 21 

died 30 

Craigie,     Charles    E.,    died    of 

fever 253 

Crane,  Stephen,  of  the  Sim 317 

Creelman,  James,  of  the  WTorld, 

wounded  at  El  Caney,  Cuba,  317 

Crimmins,    Private    Martin    L., 

First  Volunteer  Cavalry, 

commissioned      second 

lieutenant,        Sixty-ninth 

Regiment 141 

appointed    second    lieuten 
ant,  regular  army 147 

Crippen,        First        Lieutenant 

George  W 49 

Crockett,  First  Lieutenant  Wil 
liam  Francis,  appointed  first 
lieutenant  and  battalion  ad 
jutant  182,  183 

Cronin,       Second       Lieutenant 

Francis  J 130 

promoted  first  lieutenant. .   148 
recovered    from   illness....   150 
Cronin,  First  Lieutenant  James 

M 130 

captain      and      regimental 

quartermaster,   resigned,  150 
Crosby,   Captain   Murray  Was- 
son,  company  H,  military 

record  of   110 

mustered  out   119 

Crosley   (Crosby),  Norman  W., 

died   of  fever 252 

Crouch,    Corporal    Herbert    A., 

died 30 

Crouch  estate,  Virginia 98 

Crowley,  First  Sergeant  Charles 
J.,  promoted  second  lieuten 
ant  148 

Crowley,  Private  Timothy  F., 
injured  in  railway  wreck....  145 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


391 


PAGE 

®uba 150,  153,  169,  175,  178 

]'.)!,  196,  198,  206,  212,  214    j 
2J6,  227,  229,  243,  246,  247    ' 
248,  249,  250,  251,  252,  253    ! 
254,  267,  268,  272,  285,  288    , 
295,  296,  301,  305,  312,  314 
Seventy-first  Regiment   In 
fantry,  New  York  Volun 
teers,  ordered   to 188 

order  of  advance  of  Ameri 
can  transports  from 

Florida  to    195 

expedition  to,   temporarily 

suspended 198 

fleet    again    starts    on    its 

mission  to   200    ' 

Charles  F.  Barrett,  evange 
list  of  Moody  Institute, 
in  charge  of  Army  Com 
mission  work  in 281 

Cuban  Army,  a  wretched  look 
ing  body  of  men 225 

to  intercept  reinforcements 
of  5.000  coming  to  aid 
Spaniards  at  Santiago, 

Cuba 225    j 

campaign,    July    1st,    1898, 

most  eventful  day  of,  226 
most  trying  period  of,  270    I 

Cuban  expedition,  first 54    ' 

fever,  or  yellow  fever 276 

insurgents 214 

officers,  proclaimed  against 
sending  Cuban  troops 

ahead 229 

settlement,       Ybor       City, 

Florida 183 

184,  185,  188 

Cubans,  The   215 

company  of 223 

stampede  of,  at  foot  of  El 

Poso  Hill,  Cuba 228 

three,    struck    by    Spanish 

shrapnel 261 

pauper  stricken  and  starv 
ing,  journeying  toward 

Santiago,  Cuba    271 

1,400  tons  of  food  sent  by 

United   States  for 273 

thousands    of    them    starv 
ing,     surged     about     the 
wharf,  waiting  to  be  fed,  273 
Gumming  (Cummings),  Second 

Lieutenant  Bernard  F.,  Jr...   130 
Cunningham,  Private  Peter  J., 
•wounded    in    action    at    San 

Juan  Hill,   Cuba 245 

Curry,  Major  M.  B 69 

dishing,  Charles  P.  F.,  killed 
in  action  at  San  Juan  Hill, 
Cuba .248 


PAGE 

Cutting,  Sergeant  Charles  W., 
wounded  in  action  at  San 
Juan  Hill,  Cuba 244 

DAIQUIRI  (Baiquiri),  Cuba.... 

212    269 

artillery  at   225 

Daley,  Surgeon  Robert  M 143 

.Dalton     Ford     Road,     Chicka- 

mauga  battlefield 51 

Daly,    Private   Michael,    buried 
near  the  ford  below  San 

Juan  Hill,   Cuba 240 

killed  in  action  at  San  Juan 

Hill,  Cuba    '. . . .   253 

Daly  (Daley),  Private  Thomas, 

injured  in  wreck 145 

Daly,  Chaplain  William  J.  B...   129 

172,  173 

Father,  Sixty-ninth  Regi 
ment,  New  York  Volun 
teers  172,  173 

Daiigui  fever,  or  yellow  fever,  276 
Daniels,  Private  Frank  H., 

died 79 

Danville,  Virginia  72 

Dart,   Henry   G.,   artist   at   the 

front 316 

Dattwyler,  Private  Oscar 211 

court-martialed 211 

Davidson,  Regimental  Adjutant 

John   A 129 

resigned 147 

Davis,  Surgeon  Charles  E 19 

20,     22 

major  and  surgeon,  re 
signed  27 

Davis,  Commander  Charles  H., 
Jr.,  report  of  the  capture  of 
Guamca  to  Captain  Higgin- 

son 310 

Davis,  Brigadie  r-G  e  n  e  r  a  1 

George    W 89 

Davis,  Captain  Loyal  L.,  48,  56,  60 
Davis,  Oscar  King,  of  the  Sun. .  318 
Davis,  Richard  Harding,  New 

York  Herald  war  staff 316 

Decker,       Second       Lieutenant 

Abraham  Lincoln    ...   20,     26 
promoted   to    first   lieuten 
ant  28 

Decker,      Private     Joseph     S., 
buried  near  the  ford  be 
low  San  Juan  Hill,  Cuba,  240 
killed     in     action     at     San 

Juan  Hill,   Cuba 251 

Delaney,  Regimental  Quarter 
master  John  A 129 

Delaney   Homestead,    Virginia,  102 

Denmark,   South  Carolina 72 

Department    of    California 34 

36,     37 


392 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


PAGE 

Department  of  the  East,  19,  20,     71 
Department  of  the  Missouri..     44 
Derby,    Captain    George    McC., 
U.   S.   A.,  his  balloon,  which 
unfortunately     indicated     to 
the  enemy  the  exact  location 

of   our   troops 230 

Deutschberger,  Private  Charles 
wounded    in    action    at    San 

Juan  Hill,  Cuba 231,  244 

Devane,  Second  Lieutenant 
John  P.,  recommended  to 
be  first  lieutenant,  com 
pany  M 131 

first  lieutenant,  in  hospital,  134 
recovered  from  illness,  138 
Deveaux,     Second     Lieutenant 
Francis   C.,  military  rec 
ord   of    US 

mustered  out   118 

Devlin,  Captain  Daniel  C 130 

Dewey,  Private  Frank,  died...     76 

Dewey,  Admiral  George 316 

Diamond        Head,        Hawaiian 

Islands 22,     23 

Difficult  Run,  Virginia 95 

Dinan,  John  J.,  died  of  fever..   250 
District     of     Columbia,     First 

Regiment 54,  56,     60 

District   of   Hawaii 23 

Division  of  the  Atlantic 40,     41 

Division  Hospital   140 

228,  235,  238,  239,  240,  246 

Corps GO 

Dixie,  The   310 

Dixon,  Private  Thomas  J.,  Jr., 
wounded    in    action    at    San 

Juan   Hill,   Cuba 244 

Dodd,   Reuben  N.,   accidentally 

killed  at  New  York  city 247 

Dodge,  Cleveland  H.,  president 
Y.  M.  C.  A.,  of  New  York 

city 174,  180 

and  Red  Cross  Society 292 

Dodge,  First  Lieutenant  Delos 

M 49 

Dole,  Sanford  B.,  president  of 

Hawaiian  Islands  38 

Donahue,     Private    Henry     G., 

injured  in  wreck 145 

Donnelly,  Private  John  F.,  died,  151 
Donnelly,       Private       Leo       J., 
wounded    in    action    at    San 

Juan  Hill,   Cuba 245 

Donovan,       Lieutenant-Colonel 
Joseph  L.,   Sixty-ninth  Regi 
ment,  New  York  Volunteers,  129 
Doran,  Private  Michael  J.,  in 
jured  in  wreck 145 

Downs,       Lieutenant-Colonel 

Wallace  Abel 164,  171 

mustered        into        United 
States  service  157 


PAGE 

Downs,      Lieutenant-Colonel 
Wallace  Abel: 

promoted  colonel   182 

colonel 152 

153,  174,  176,  177,  178,  184 
185,  186,  189,  196,  202,  203 
205,  207,  209,  210,  212,  215 
219,  220,  224,  233,  234,  237 
267,  269,  283,  290,  300 

selects  Vigilancia  to 
transport  Seventy- 
first  Regiment  to 
Cuba 197 

received  orders  from 
General  Kent  and 
obeyed  them  231 

led  his  regiment,  under 
heavy  fire,  along  the 
trail  to  the  ford 232 

halted  at  ford,  await 
ing  further  orders..  232 

orders  to  prepare  to 
advance 258 

halted  on  roadside....   259 

received  a  letter  from 
Colonel  Markley,  U. 
S.  A.,  praising  the 
bravery  of  the  Sev 
enty-first  Regiment,  266 

ordered  delicacies  dis 
tributed  among  the 
sick 275 

secured  tents  for  the 
sick 276 

clown  with  fever 276 

received  $100  from  Re 
lief  Society  of  Sev 
enty-first  Regiment,  278 

received  official  notifi 
cation  that  Spain 
had  sued  for  peace..  278 

yellow  fever  interferes 
with  the  funeral  of 
Seventh  (regular) 
Regiment  private  . . .  281 

senior  colonel,  in  com 
mand  of  brigade 282 

announced  to  the  men 
that  they  were  to  go 
home 286 

detailed  chaplain  to 
secure  food  from 
Red  Cross  Society...  292 

brief  address  at  arm 
ory  302 

announced  that  regi 
ment  was  on  leave 
for  sixty  days 302 

presided  at  dinner 
given  to  officers  of 
the  Seventy-first 303 

address  at  dinner  given 
officers  of  regiment,  303 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


393 


TAGE 

Downs,  Wallace  Abel: 
colonel: 

subscription    of    Chap 
lain  Van  Dewater  to,  305 
Downs,  Mrs.  Wallace  Abel,  sent 

footl    to    camp 291 

Doyle,  Brigadier-General  Peter 

C.,   directed  to   organize   one 

regiment  from  his  brigade..     83 

Drum        Corps,        Seventy-first 

Regiment,       New       York 

Volunteers 190,  207 

care    of    wounded    at    San 

Juan   Hill,   Cuba 235 

Dry    Tortugas,     island     south 
west  of  Florida 200 

Duffy,   Colonel   Edward,   Sixty- 
ninth  Regiment  Infantry, 
New  York  Volunteers...   129 
145,  151,  210 
report      of     regiment     for 

first  month 128-134 

report     of     regiment     for 

second   month    134-138 

report      of     regiment     for 

third  month 138-141 

report     of     regiment     for 

fourth  month 141-145 

report     of     regiment     for 

fifth  month  146-140 

report     of     regiment     for 

sixth  month   148-151 

congratulated    on    appear 
ance  of  his  regiment....   147 
excellent,  condition  of  Six 
ty-ninth   Regiment    210 

Duffy,  Captain  John  E 130 

Duffy,  John  E.,  attorney 143 

Duffy,     Private     Nicholas     H., 

died 144 

Dunn,    Captain    F.    M.,    of    dis 
patch      boat      Sommers      N. 

Smith   316 

Dunn   Loring,    Virginia 87 

88,  94,  95,  105 
Third  Regiment,  New  York 

Volunteers,  ordered  to..     87 
companies    C    and     F    de 
tailed  for  guard  duty  at,     93 
Dunning,    Private    Thomas    G. 

(Thomas  J.)    237 

died   of  fever 253 

Dunspaugh,      Captain      Merrill 

M 48,  56,     60 

Dunwoody,      Private      Joseph, 
wounded     in     action     at 

San  Juan  Hill,  Cuba 245 

died  from  wounds  received 
in    action    at    San    Juan 

Hill.   Cuba    248 

Dwyer,     Corporal    Edward    J., 
died  .  .   144 


PAGE 
EARL,     DAVID     M.,     died     of 

fever 2f>4 

Early,    Jubal    A.,    Confederate 

general 98 

Easterbrook,  Chaplain  Ed 
mund  P 68 

paid  and  mustered   out  of 

United  States  service 80 

commissioned  chaplain 
202nd  Regiment,  New 

York   Volunteers    82 

East  river,  New  York 132,  298 

Ebbeson      (Ebberson),      Ebbe, 
died    at    sea    and    buried    at 

Montauk,  New  York 253,  303 

Eddy,  Second  Lieutenant  Wil 
bur  49,  78 

commissioned  lieutenant, 
Twelfth  Regiment,  New- 
York  Volunteers  82 

Edson,  Major  J.  J.,  Jr.,  United 

States  Volunteers    78 

Edwards,   Private  Charles 237 

Edwards,    Battalion    Adjutant 

Frank  B.,  discharged 27 

Egan,  Dr 274 

Edgabroadt,  Second  Lieutenant 

Frederick   T 99 

military   record    of 114 

mustered  out   114 

Eighteenth  Separate  Company, 
National  Guard,  New 
York,  of  Glens  Falls, 

New  York   48 

designated  company  K....     46 
Eighteenth     Regiment     Infan 
try,  U.  S.  A 220,  227 

Eight  Army  Corps,   First  Bri 
gade,  independent   division..     21 
Eighth   Separate   Company,    of 

Rochester 84,  114 

became  company  A,  Third 
Regiment  Infantry,  New 

York  Volunteers    85 

mustered     out     of     United 

States   service    107 

Eighth    Regiment    Cavalry,    U. 

S.    A 113 

Eiseman,    Private    Leander    G., 
wounded    in    action    at    San 

Juan  Hill,  Cuba 245,  250 

El  Caney,  Cuba ' 220 

233,  242,  256,  257,  317 
an  attack  contemplated  on,  225 
Spaniards  retreated  to  en 
trenchments  before    225 

battle  fought  at   226 

strongly  garrisoned  and 
occupied  by  Spanish 
troops 227 


394 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


PAGE 

El  Caney,  Cuba: 

original     plan     of     attack 
upon,  changed  by  turn  of 

events 232 

Capron's    artillery    opened 

fire  on  259 

Lawton's  division  engaging 

the  enemy  at 260 

battle   of    281 

Elmira,  New  York 85 

Thirtieth     Separate     Com 
pany  of  84 

breakfast  served  to   Third 

Regiment  at   106 

El  Poso,  Cuba 258 

sketch  of  road  leading  to,  229 
Seventy-first    Regiment 

marched  toward   260 

El  Poso  Hill 240,  260 

light  artillery  battery  sta 
tioned  on   228 

stampede     of     Cubans     at 

foot  of    228 

Roosevelt     Rough     Riders, 
losses      in      killed      and 

wounded 228 

Emmet,       Second      Lieutenant 

Grenville  T 130 

promoted  regimental  adju 
tant  147 

Emmet,  Major  Robert  Temple,     19 
20,   22,   24,     25 

military  record  of 43-44 

awarded  medal  of  honor..     44 

resigned 44 

Engelke,  Private  Brandt  H 176 

baptized 175 

Engels,    Private    Frederick   L., 
died  on  board  La  Grande 

Duchesse 250 

died   at  sea  and  buried  at 

Montauk  Point   290 

remains    removed    to    New 

York 290 

Engineer     Battalion,      Colonel 

Black  landed  a  portion  of...   308 
Engineer  Corps,  U.  S.  A...   55,  230 
unable    to    make    or    keep 
roads    in    proper    condi 
tion   for  traffic 271 

Episcopalian  chapel,   at   Lake 
land,  Florida  170,  175 

Erie  Railroad   20,     84 

Escort  to  the  colors,  ceremony 

of 90 

Ess,  Private  Anton 206 

Euramadas,  principal  street  in 

Santiago,  Cuba,  sketch  of...  272 
Euster,         Private         Maurice, 
wounded    in    action    at    San 

Juan  Hill,  Cuba 245 

Everett  City,   Georgia 72 


PAGE 

Everett,  Corporal  Robert  G., 
died  of  typhoid  fever 253 

FALES,     CAPTAIN     HENRY 

M.,     Twenty-fifth     Sepa 
rate  Company    84 

company  G 86,    97 

military   record   of 118 

mustered  out   118 

I    Fulls   Church,   Virginia 88 

90,  93,     94 

i  Fanciulli,  Professor  Francisco, 
leader  of  Seventy-first  Regi 
mental  Band  298 

\    Farley,  Private  Peter,  killed  in 

railway  wreck    143,  145 

|  Farragut,  David  G.,  Admiral, 
contempt  for  mines  and  tor 
pedoes  309 

j  Feather  stone,  Private  George 
F.,  wounded  in  action  at  San 

Juan  Hill,   Cuba 245 

i  Ferguson,  Private  G.,  recita 
tion  206 

Ferguson,  Captain  Ursil  A.,  22,     26 

Fernandina,  Florida   64 

65,  66,  67,  68,     69 
70,  72,  75,  76,     77 
138,  140,  142,  144 
Sixty-ninth     Regiment     or 
dered  to   139 

Fiala,  Anthony,  of  the  Brook 
lyn  Eagle  318 

Field,     Major    Edward,     U.    S. 

A " 24,     36 

report  of,  regarding  First 

Regiment 34-39 

extract  from  report  of . .  37-39 
Field  Hospital,  Santiago,  Cuba,  252 
Field  service,  telegrams  relat 
ing   to 32-34 

Field  and  staff,  Third  Regi 
ment,  New  York  Volunteers, 
mustered  out  of  United 

States  service 107 

Fifteenth  Battalion,  Third  Bri 
gade,  National  Guard,  New 

York    45,   47,     49 

Fifteenth    Separate    Company, 

of  Poughkeepsie   17,     44 

became   company  K,   First 

Regiment 18 

Fifth  Army  Corps....   212,  230,  255 

First  Division    177 

remained  on  the  hill,  three 

miles  from   Santiago 269 

Fifth  avenue,  New  York 155 

Fifth    Regiment    Artillery,    U. 

S.  A 75,  76,  107 

Fifth  Regiment  Cavalry,  U.  S. 
A  .  86 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


395 


PAGE 

Fifth  Regiment  Infantry,  U.  S. 

A 113,  218 

Fifth  Maryland   52,  54,     56 

Fifth  Ohio  66,  67,  135 

Fifth    Separate    Company,    of 

Newburgh 17 

became    company    L,    First 

Regiment 18 

Fifty-fourth  Regiment,  Na 
tional  Guard,  New  York, 

company  E   114 

company  H   . . . . , 122 

Firmeza,  Cuba  215 

excluded  station  for  yellow 

fever  patients   219,  243 

yellow    fever    camp,    some 
sick        of        Seventj'-first 

Regiment  at » 296 

First  Army  Corps 52 

First  Battalion,  Second  Regi 
ment,  New  York  Volun 
teers 61,62,64,72,  78 

quartered      in      Germania 
Hall,   Troy,   New  York..     74 

fifteen  deaths    81 

First  Battalion,  Third  Regi 
ment  Infantry,  New 

York  Volunteers 88,     91 

ordered     out     as     provost 

guard 97 

arrived  at  Camp  Meade 106 

First      Battalion,      Sixty-ninth 
Regiment       Infantry,       New 

York  Volunteers 129 

First  Battalion,  Seventy-first 
Regiment  Infantry,  New 

York  Volunteers    221 

235,  236 

under    Major    Whittle,    de 
tailed    to    build    bridges 

and  improve  roads 241 

halted  on  roadside 259 

fears  of  an  ambush 263 

First  Brigade,  excepting 
Twenty-second  Kansas 
Regiment,  ordered  to 
Allen  farm,  on  Difficult 

Run 92 

march    of,    unjustly    criti 
cised  92 

reviewed      by      Brigadier- 
General  Mark  W.  Sheafe,     93 
First     Corps     Cadets,     Boston, 

Massachusetts 109 

First    Division,    Second    Army 

Corps ".     94 

hospital    ambulance    from, 

overturned  in  a  stream..   105 
First    Division,    Fourth    Army 

Corps   150 

First     Division,      Fifth     Army 
Corps 177 


PAGE 
First     Separate    Company,     of 

Rochester 84,     90 

111,  1J2,  113,  119,  120,  124 
became  company  H,  Third 

Regiment 86 

mustered     out     of     United 

States   service    107 

First  Artillery,  U.  S.  A 39 

40,  42,  259 

First  Cavalry,  U.  S.  A 67,  151 

First  Ohio  Cavalry 167 

First  Regiment  Cavalry,  United 
States  Volunteers,  Rough 

Riders 141,  217,  218,  228 

encountered  Spanish  troops 

in  the  jungle 216 

commonly  known  as  Roose 
velt  Rough  Riders..   216,  218 
I    First  Engineers,  United  States 

Volunteers 52,  55,  56,     62 

!    First      Infantry,      District      of 

Columbia' 54,    56,     60 

Florida 67,  135 

j  First  Regiment  Infantry,  New 
York  National  Guard.  (See 
Index,  First  Regiment,  page 
320.) 

First  Regiment  Infantry,  New 
York  Volunteers.  (See  In 
dex,  First  Regiment,  page 
319.) 

I    First  Regiment  Infantry,  Ohio,     67 
i    Fish,    Sergeant   Hamilton,    Jr., 
instantly  killed  in  battle   at 

Las    Guasimas,    Cuba 218 

Fisher,   First   Lieutenant   Har 
ris  Baldwin  183 

appointed    battalion    adju 
tant   182 

ordered    to    rear    to    draw 
ammunition       under       a 

galling  fire   239 

Fisher,     Irving     P.,     of     New 

York 180 

Fitzgerald,  Judge  James, 
makes  presentation  address 

to   Sixty-ninth   Regiment 132 

I    Fitzgerald,  Thomas  H.,  died  of 

disease 248 

Fitzgibbon,  John  J.,  died  on 
board  Missouri,  and  buried 

at  sea    253 

Flint,  Private  Frank  L.,  wound 
ed  in  action  at  San  Juan 

Hill,   Cuba    245 

Flint,  Grover,  of  the  Sun 318 

Florence,  Italy    184 

Florida ' 75,  166,  167 

177,  185,  187,  259,  267,  314 

First  Regiment  67 

Infantry 135 


396 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


PAGE 

Florida : 

order  of  advance  of  Ameri 
can  transports  to  Cuba 

from 195 

Central      and      Peninsular 

Railroad 53,  64,     65 

Flower    Hospital,    Fernandiiia, 

Florida 69,     77 

Flower,  Governor  Roswell  P...     42 
gift    of,    to    Second    Regi 
ment 69 

Flushing-  ferry-boat,  con 
veyed  Seventy-first  Regiment 
to  foot  of  Whitehall  street, 

New  York   297 

Flynn,  Private  John,  Jr 55 

Flynn,      Private      Maurice      J., 

died 140 

Foley,  Private  Louis  B., 
wounded  in  action  at  San 

Juan  Hill,  Cuba 244 

Fonseca,   Francisco   E 270 

Forse,  Major  Albert  G.,  First 
United  States  Cavalry,  killed 

at  Fort  San  Juan,  Cuba 151 

Forsyth,    Stanley    H.,    died    of 

fever 249 

Fort  Adams,  Rhode  Island 40 

Fort  Brooke,  Florida 54 

Fort     Columbus,     New     York 

harbor 19,  20,     41 

Fort    Hamilton,    Long    Island 

side  of  the  Narrows 19 

20,  31,     39 

Fort  Logan,  Colorado 30 

Fort  McPherson,  Georgia 63 

hospital,  Atlanta 68 

70,  71,  75,     80 

Fort  Myer,  Virginia 259 

hospital  at 105 

Fort  Niobrara,  Nebraska 44 

Fort  Pond  Bay,  within  the 
hook  at  Montauk  Point, 
Seventy-first  Regiment 

arrived  at    290 

Seventy-first  removed  from 
detention  camp  to  per 
manent  camp  at 294 

Fort  San  Juan,  Cuba 151,  267 

Fort   Tampa,   Florida 62,  152 

Fort  Union,  New  Mexico 44 

Fort  Wadsworth,  Staten  Island 
side  of  the  Narrows..  19,  20,  31 

Fort  Whipple,  Virginia 40 

Forty-first  Regiment  Infantry, 

U.   S.  A 257 

Forty-seventh  Regiment  Infan 
try,  National  Guard,  New 

York 156 

Forty-eighth  Regiment,  Na 
tional  Guard,  New  York 116 


PAGE 

Forty-ninth       Regiment,       Na 
tional  Guard,  New  York 108 

Forty-first  Separate  Company, 

of   Syracuse 93,    111,  116 

became   company  C,   Third 

New  York  Volunteers. . .     85 
mustered     out     of     United 

States   service    107 

Forty-second     Separate     Com 
pany,  of  Niagara  Falls..     83 
84,  87,  108,  117,  118 
became  company  E,  Third 

New  York  Volunteers...     86 
mustered     out     of     United 

States   service    107 

Forty-third  Separate  Com 
pany,  of  Olean 84 

93,  113,  120 
became    company   I,    Third 

New  York  Volunteers...     85 
mustered     out     of     United 

States   service    107 

Forty-fourth  Separate  Com 
pany,  of  Utica 17 

became    company    E,    First 

Regiment 18 

Forty-sixth  Separate  Com 
pany,  National  Guard, 
New  York,  of  Amster 
dam,  New  York... 49 

designated  company  H....     46 
Forty-seventh    Separate    Com 
pany,   of  Hornellsville. . .     84 
93,  113,  120,  121 
became  company  K,  Third 

New  York  Volunteers...     85 
mustered     out     of     United 

States   service    107 

Forty-eighth  Separate  Com 
pany,  of  Oswego ..  85 

93,  108,  116,  117 
became  company  D,  Third 

New  York  Volunteers...     85 
mustered     out     of     United 

States   service    107 

Fourteenth  Battalion,  National 

Guard,  New  York 47,     48 

Third  Brigade   45 

Fourteenth  Regiment  Infantry, 
National  Guard,  New 

York 156 

New  York  Volunteers 52 

Fourteenth  Separate  Com 
pany,  Twrelfth  Battalion, 

of  Kingston 17 

became   company  M,   First 

Regiment 18 

|    Fourth  Army  Corps 54 

62,  66,  67,  136,  141,  147 

First   Division    150 

Second  Division   66,  134 

Third  Division 66,  71,  146 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


39T 


PAGE 

Fourth       Regiment       Cavalry, 

U.   S.  A 257 

troop  B 218 

Fourth  Infantry,  U.  S.  A..  220,  287 
Fourth  Regiment,  New  Jersey 
National  Guard,  company  H,  117 

Fowler,  Major  E.  S 80 

Fowler,       Second       Lieutenant 

Joseph  M 27 

promoted 28 

Fox,   John,   Jr 318 

Franchot,  Captain  Richard  H., 
Forty-third  Separate 

Company 84 

military   record    of 120 

mustered  out   120 

Francis,  Major  Augustus  T...   166 
assigned  to  special  care  of 

armory 165 

commissioned  colonel  171st 
Regiment,       National 

Guard,   New  York 165 

recruited  new  regiment...   165 

at  Long  Island  City 297 

Franklin  Junction,  Virginia,  72,     74 
Frank,    General    Royal    T.,    U. 

S.  A 31,     32 

Fraser  (Frazer),  Principal  Mu 
sician  John  E 123 

military   record   of... 113 

mustered  out   113 

Frear,  Private  Charles  W., 
commissioned  second 

lieutenant 66 

resigned 66 

Free  Masons,  Lakeland  Lodge 
of,  reception  and  ban 
quet  to  Masonic  breth 
ren  of  Seventy-first. 180 

New  York,  Grand  Lodge  of,  181 
Freidmann      (Freidman),     Pri 
vate  Paul  W.,  died  on  board 

Missouri,  at  sea 249 

French,  Private  John  W 212 

detailed    as    amanuensis...   153 

ill  with  yellow  fever 153 

French,  Private  Windsor  P., 
commissioned  second  lieu 
tenant  60 

Friendly  Sons  of  St.  Patrick, 
presented  colors  to  Sixty- 
ninth  Regiment 132 

Fuchsius,  Surgeon  John  H 143 

Furor,  Spanish  destroyer 312 

completely       wrecked      by 

U.  S.  S.  Gloucester 313 

i 

GASPER,  SECOND  LIEUTEN 
ANT  GEORGE  E.,  mili 
tary  record  of 115 

mustered  out   115 


PAGE 
Gage,  Lyman  J.,   Secretary  of 

Treasury 121 

Gainesville,  Virginia  102 

Galbraith,      First      Lieutenant 

William  J 48 

Gale,    Captain    Edward    Court- 
laud  48,     66 

Gallagher,   Private  Charles  A., 

died 148 

Gannon,     Private     Robert     H., 
wounded    in    action    at    San 

Juan  Hill,   Cuba 245 

G.  A.  R.  veterans 73 

Garcia,  General  Y.  Iniquez  Cal- 

ixto 214 

with  his  staff,  passed  by 
the  camp  of  the  Seventy- 
first  Regiment  225 

Garden  City,  Long  Island,  New 

York 155 

Garfield  Hospital,  Washington, 

D.    C 105 

Garfield,    Lyman    B.,    of    New 

York 180 

Gatchell,     Lieutenant     George 
W.,  Fifth  Artillery,  U.  S.  A.,     76 

107 

General  Field  Hospital 57,     58 

General  Hospital  for  Insane  at 

Washington,  D.  C 76 

Camp      Wikoff,       Montauk 

Point,  Long  Island 246 

292,  293 

Siboney,  Cuba   240 

tents 284 

General      Meigs,      government 

boat 19 

Geneva,  New  York 85 

Thirty-fourth    Separate 

Company  of 84 

Geoghegan,    John    H.,    died    of 

fever 254 

Georgia,  campaign  through...   256 
Georgia,   Second  Regiment  In 
fantry   135,  136,  140 

Germania  Hall,  Troy 74 

Germany 40 

Gil  gar,  Second  Lieutenant  Ed 
ward  B 130,  133 

recommended  to  be  bat 
talion  adjutant  131 

Gill,  Private  Thomas  D.,  died..  127 
Gillespie,  General  George  L.,  71,  74 
Gilmore,  General  John  C.,  U. 

S.  A 307,  309 

Glasby,  Private  Albert,  died...     30 

Glen  Cove,  New  York 254 

Glennon,    Serg-eant   Frank,    in 
jured  in  railway  wreck. .  14S 

died  from  injuries 145 

Glens  Falls,  New  York 73 


398 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


PAGE 
Glens  Falls,  New  York: 

Second  Regiment,  New 
York  Volunteers,  Four 
teenth  Battalion,  com 
pany  K,  Eighteenth 
Separate  Company  of....  48 

State  armory,  at 81 

Gloucester,  man-of-war,  and 
the  Puerto  Rican  cam 
paign  306-311 

log-  of 306,  307,  309,  310,  312 

entered  Guanica  harbor  in 

advance  of  the  fleet 306 

captured  large  sugar  light 
ers  307 

opened  fire  and  enemj^  re 
treated  308 

crew  of,  hoisted  first 
American  flag  on  Puerto 

Rico 309 

captured  first  Spanish  flag 

in   Puerto  Rico 309 

in  command  of  Captain 
Wainwright,  collected  all 
lighters  in  Guanica  har 
bor  310 

captured  Guanica  single- 
handed  310 

followed  about  1,500  yards 
astern  of  "  Oquendo,"  at 

Santiago 311 

.harbor  entrance   312 

brief  training  of  her  crew,  312 
attacked      and      destroyed         . 

Pluton  and  Furor 313 

her  escape  due  to  accuracy 

and  rapidity  of  fire 313 

rescued    crewrs    of    Pluton 

and  Furor   313 

uninjured  in  the  battle 313 

waited  for  two  destroyers 

of   Spanish  fleet 311 

Gloucester,  city  of,  American 
flag  hoisted  at  Guanica, 

presented  to  309 

hangs    over   mayor's   chair 

in  city  hall  of 309 

Glynn,  Bernard  J.,  recommend 
ed  to  be  second  lieutenant. . .   133 
Goff,  Sergeant  Eugene  W.,  died 

of  fever    251 

fcolden  Rod,  dispatch  boat, 
brought  story  of  destruc 
tion  of  Cervera's  squadron..  316 
Goldsborough,  Captain  Wash 
ington  Laird,  among  first  to 
arrive  on  San  Juan  Hill, 

Cuba 234,  236 

Gombert,      Charles,      died      of 

fever 252 

Goo,    Private    James    W.,     in 
jured  58 


PAGE 
Goodale,      Second      Lieutenant 

James  R 26 

promoted 28 

Goodier,  Captain  Lewis  E 28 

promoted       major,       203rd 

New  York  Volunteers ...     27 
Goodman,   Private  Charles   W., 
wounded    in    action    at    San 

Juan  Hill,  Cuba 244 

Goodrich,    Captain    Caspar    F., 

U.  S.  N 218 

Goodrich,      Sergeant     William, 

died 29 

Gordon,    Corporal    William    F., 

injured  in  railway  wreck....   145 
Gould,  Emmet  M.,  military  rec 
ord  of    ". 113 

mustered  out  113 

Gould,  Henry  W.,  injured 58 

Governor-General's    palace     at 

Havana 314 

Governors    Island,    New    York 

harbor 31,  32,     41 

Gracie,  Captain  William  B 25 

Graham,    George    Edward,    de 
scribed  loss  of  Spanish  fleet, 
from  deck  of  the  Brooklyn..  318 
Graham,     Major-General     Wil 
liam  M.,  U.  S.  A 89,  93,  105 

Grahn,    Private    Gus,    died    of 

mountain  fever    253,  280 

buried    west    of    entrench 
ments  near  Santiago....   280 
Grand  Lodge   of   Free  Masons 

of  New  York 181 

Grant,  Colonel  Frederick  Dent, 

Fourteenth  New  York 52 

!    Gray,  First  Lieutenant  Emmet 

J 49 

!    Great  Bahama  Channel...   200,  204 
Great  Inagua  Island,  Bahama.   204 
Green,    Private    Griswold,    ap 
pointed     second     lieutenant, 
201st    Regiment,    New    York 

Volunteers ,    60 

Greene,    Colonel    Francis    Vin- 

ton 155,  156 

158,  160,  161,  162,  164 
166,  167,  172,  173,  175 
176,  181,  182,  209,  295 
called  meeting  of  Seventy- 
first  Regiment 154 

mustered        into        United 

States  service 157 

nominated      brigadier-gen 
eral  171 

brigadier-general 181 

Greene,        First        Lieutenant 

George  de  B 49 

appointed  acting  assistant 
adjutant-general 52 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


399 


PAGE 

Greene,      First      Lieutenant 

George  de  B.: 
mustered    in    as    battalion 

adjutant 59 

mustered  out  United  States 

service 81 

Greene,  General  George  S.,  old 
est  living  graduate  of  West 

Point 175 

Grenough,  Captain  Ernest  A. .     49 
commissioned  first  lieuten 
ant,  Twelfth  New  York,     82 
Grenville,     Second     Lieutenant 
George  A.,   military  rec 
ord  of   120 

mustered  out   120 

Gresham,       First       Lieutenant 

Christopher 25 

Griffin,  Captain  Thomas  J 130 

Griffith,       Assistant       Surgeon 

Lewis  Theophilus 19 

20,  21,  23,  24,     25 
Grimes,   Captain  George  S., 

U.   S.  A 260 

Grimes'  battery  260,  262 

Grimes  Hill 261 

Grobecker  (Groebecker),  Pri 
vate  Andrew  F.,  injured 58 

Gross,  Colonel  George  P.,  Third 
Missouri  Infantry  Volun 
teers,  in  Confederate  ser 
vice  during  Civil  War... 89 

Grosvenor,  Second  Lieutenant 
George  H.,  military  rec 
ord  of  121 

mustered  out  .  .  121 

Guanica,  determined  to  change 
the  landing  of  Puerto 

Bican  expedition  to 306 

Captain  Wainwright's  of 
ficial  report  on  the  cap 
ture  of  307,  308 

Lieutenant  Huse's  report 
to  Captain  Wainwright 

on  capture  of 308,  309 

vigorous  work  of  landing 
party  under  Lieutenant 

Huse 309 

captured  by  the  Gloucester 

single  handed 310 

Harbor,  the  "  Massachu 
setts  "  drew  too  much 

water  to   enter 306 

Guantanamo,   Cuba,   Port   of..  206 
United  States  marines'  suc 
cessful  fight  with   Span 
iards  at    216 

Guilfords  Mills,  Virginia 100 

creek  at   100 

Guilfoyle,  Captain  John  F.,  U. 
S.  A .292 


PAGE 

Guilfoyle,  Lieutenant  William 
F 129 

Guiteras,  Dr.  John,  expert  on 
yellow  fever 243 

Gulf  of  Mexico 200 

Guthrie,  Musician  John  (Jacob, 
injured  in  wreck 145 

HACKENSACK,  NEW  JER 
SEY  249 

Hager,  Arnold  F 113,  123 

military   reford   of 112 

mustered  out   112 

Hall,  Captain  Albert  Mortimer 

85,  116 

as    major 87,  93,  94 

95,  105,  123 

military   record    of 108 

mustered  out 108 

Hall,  Private  Earl  B.,  wounded 
in  action  at  San  Juan  Hill, 

Cuba 244 

Hall,  Private  Edward  D., 
wounded  in  action  at  San 

Juan   Hill,   Cuba 245 

Hall,  Chaplain  Hector 47 

resigned   55 

honorably  discharged  from 

United   States   service. . .     56 
Hall,  General  Robert  H.,  U.  S. 

A 68 

Haller,   Private   John  H.,   died 

of  fever    252 

Halstead,  Murat,  of  the  Sun..  318 
Hamilton,  Corporal  William  A., 

injured 58 

Hancock,  Major-General  Win- 
field  Scott 40,  41 

Happoldt  Estate,  Virginia 98 

Haran,  First  Lieutenant  Pat 
rick  M  129 

Hardin,  Edward  E 47,     50 

53,  72,  75,  76,  79,  211 
Captain  Seventh  United 
States  Infantry,  ap 
pointed  colonel  of  Sec 
ond  New  York  Volun 
teers  45 

assumed  command  of 45 

oath   administered   to 46 

bids  regiment  good-bye...     77 
short  address  to  other  offi 
cers  78 

relinquished  commission..  82 
Hare,  Private  George  L.,  Jr., 
appointed  second  lieutenant 
Two  Hundred  and  Second 
Regiment,  New  York  Volun 
teers  60 

Harlem,  New  York,  St.  An 
drew's  Church 155,  176,  110 

Harper,  Private  John,  injured,     58 


400 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


PAGE 

Harpers  Weekly 317 

Harrisburg,    Pennsylvania 127 

Harsh,    Messrs.    Bowman    and, 

Birmingham,  Alabama 143 

Hart,      Patrick      J.,      regiment 

army   chaplain 293 

Hart,  Captain  Stephen  F.,  de 
tailed  by  Governor  as  adju 
tant  .  .  ! 87 

"  Harvard,"      formerly      "  New 

York,"  of  the  American  Line,  218 
Hatteras,  North  Carolina,  ma 
chinery  broke  down  and  ves 
sel       lay     to      for     fourteen 

hours   .    290 

Havana,  Cuba,  Commodore 
Schley's  effective  block 
ade  of 191 

Governor-General's     palace 

at 314 

New  York  Herald  sent  first 

boat  into 317 

Hawaii,  District  of 23 

Hawaiian   Islands 32 

annexation    ceremonies    to 
transfer  to  United  States     23 

Hawk,  William  S 303 

Hawkins.      General     Hamilton 

Smith,  U.  S.  A..   220,  223,  237 

military    record    of 216 

retired 216 

ordered    one    battalion    to 

top   of   San  Juan  Hill . . .   236 
complimented  the  Seventy- 
first     Regiment     for     its 

good  work 266 

Hayes,  Major  Edward  M.,  First 

Ohio    Cavalry 167 

Hayes,  ex-President  Ruther 
ford  B 167 

Haynor.   Corporal  Horatio   H., 

died 78 

Healy,   Captain   Charles...    130,  140 
Heath,   Lewis   C.,   died   of   per 
nicious    malarial   fever 250 

Hebrank,  Private  Ferdinand, 
wounded  in  action  at  San 

Juan   Hill,  Cuba 245 

Heindsmann,  Captain  Ferdin 
and  217 

"  Helena,"  boat  204 

Hempstead,  New  York 174 

211,  295 

Hempstead  Plains,  Long  Isl 
and,  New  York 18,  31 

New  York 45,     52 

Long  Island.  New  York...     84 
128,  154,  155,  160,  162 
Henderson,  Daniel  E.,  enlisted,  114 
Henderson,   Captain  Henry  B., 
Eighth      Separate      Com 
pany  84,     85 


PAGE 
Henderson,  Captain  Henry  B.: 

military   record   of 114 

mustered  out 114 

Henry,   General  Guy  V.,   U.   S. 

A 135,  136 

Henry,   First  Lieutenant  John 

J 129 

"Herald,"   The,  newspaper 

169,  210,  226 

Hess,        Private       Louis       E., 
wounded    in    action    at    San 

Juan   Hill,    Cuba 246 

Higginson,  Captain  Francis  J., 

enters  Guanica  harbor..   306 
report    to    Admiral    Samp 
son 306,  307 

extract    from   report 310 

report        of        Commander 
Davis      of      capture      of 

Guanica,  to 310 

Hillsborough    bay,    Florida '    54 

Hills,   Captain   Elbridge   R.,   U. 

S.   A ..   75,  79,  106 

"  Hilo,"  island  of  Hawaii..   23,     30 
Hinman,       Second     Lieutenant 

Charles  N    26 

Hislop,  Private  Thomas  W., 
mustered  in  as  battalion 

adjutant 59 

appointed  regimental  com 
missary  66 

mustered     out     of     United 

States  service 82 

Historical    structures,    preser 
vation  of 4,       5 

Hitchcock,      Captain      Charles 

Henry 26 

Hoboken,  New  Jersey 211 

Hobson,  Lieutenant  Richmond 
Pearson,  sinks  the  Mer- 

rimac 191 

crew  exchanged 242 

Hodgman,  Lieutenant  Alfred 
Frederick,  mustered  into 
United  States  service  as 

surgeon 86 

captain  and  assistant  sur 
geon,  military  record  of, 

110,  123 

mustered  out 110 

Hoffman,         Brigadier-General 

Edward  M 89,  93,     97 

100,  101,  104 
106,  123,  125,  126 
appointed      colonel     Third 
Regiment,  New  York  In 
fantry   84 

colors     presented     to     his 

regiment 90 

presented  with  loving  cup,  106 
militarv   record    of 107 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


401 


PAGE 

Hoffman,  Brigadier-General 

Edward  M.: 
adjutant-general,  New  York 

State 107 

died 107 

Hogan,  Daniel  J 48 

appointed     second    lieuten 
ant   48,     59 

Hogan,  John  P.,  died  of  mala 
rial   fever 249 

Hogan,        Hospital         Steward 

Joseph    Frederick 21 

Holden,  Private  James  A.,  died,     77 

Holland   40 

Holland,     Private     Charles    D., 
buried  near  the  ford  be 
low  San  Juan  Hill,  Cuba,  240 
killed     in     action     at     San 

Juan   Hill,   Cuba 254 

Holland,  First  Lieutenant  John 

B.,  military  record   of..   122,  123 
Holzkamp,    Private    Henry    J., 
wounded    in    action    at    San 

Juan  Hill,   Cuba 245    j 

Homer,      Colonel,     Civil     War 

veteran 297 

Honolulu,    Hawaiian    Islands..     21 
22,  23,  29,  30,  32,  33,  34,     37 

Board    of    Health    of 38 

Civil  Sanitary  Commission, 

report    of 38,     39 

post   of 34,     36 

Hoosick  Falls,  New  York,  com 
pany  M,  Second  Regi- 
ment,  Thirty-second  Sep 
arate  Company  of 49 

State    armory    at 80    j 

Hornellsville,   New   York 85 

Forty-seventh          Separate 

Company  of 84    , 

Hospital   Corps 21 

United    States    Army 70 

158,  167  237    I 

Hospital   Department 178,  179    | 

Hospital    ship 198 

Hospital     tent,     brief     service 

held  in 158 

Howard,    Joseph,    died    of    ty 
phoid   malaria 250 

Howe,  Sergeant  Russel  G 219 

Howitt,  John,  died  of  disease,  248    j 
Howland,     Assistant     Surgeon 

Reeve    B 123 

mustered        into        United 

States    service 86    j 

military   record   of 110 

mustered  out 110 

Hubschmidt,      Private      Philip, 

died  of  gastric  fever 170,  251 

Hubschmidt,    Private     William 
P.,  injured 192 

26 


PAGE 

Hudgins,     Houlder,      oil      New 

York  Herald  war  staff 316 

Hudson,  Columbia  county,  New 
York,  three  generations  of 
Stoddards  made  their  home 

in 314 

Hudson,  Brigadier-General 

Joseph     K.,     United     States 

Volunteers   .   .    62 

Hughes,        First        Lieutenant 

George 49 

Huhne,  First  Lieutenant  John 

A 27 

second       lieutenant,       pro 
moted  28 

Hull,   military  bill 154 

Humbert,  Private  William, 
wounded  in  action  at  San 

Juan  Hill,   Cuba 246 

Huntsville,  Alabama 69,     70 

141,  146,  147,  148,  149,  151 
Sixty-ninth     Regiment     or 
dered  to 142 

sketch  of  camps   at 144 

Hurley,  Private  George  M., 
wounded  in  action  at  San 

Juan  Hill,   Cuba 246 

Huse,  Lieutenant  Harry  P 306 

and  Lieutenant  Wood  low 
ered     Spanish     flag     and 

hoisted  ours 307 

hailed       the       "  Massachu 
setts  "   to  fire   over  him,  307 
signaled  that  250  men  were 

needed  to  hold  Guanica,  307 
report    to    Captain    Wain- 
wright  of  the  capture  of 

Guanica 307,  309 

surprise  of  Guanica  a  com 
plete  success 309 

in      command      of      armed 

boat 310 

and     Captain     Wainwright 

during  the  blockade 312 

attacked     and     completely 
destroyed  "  Pluton  "  and 

"  Furor  " 313 

Hutchinson,  Sergeant  James 
M.,  appointed  second  lieuten 
ant  183 

Hutton,  Lieutenant  Donald  J.. 

49,  59,     62 

IDAHO 41 

Independent      Division,      First 

Brigade,  Eighth  Army  Corps,     21 
Inimen,     Corporal     George    L., 
wounded  in  action  at  San 

Juan  Hill,   Cuba 231 

buried    in    trench    at    Divi 
sion  Hospital 240 


402 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


PAGE 

Immen,    Corporal    George    L.: 

died  of  "wounds  received  in 

action  at  San  Juan  Hill, 

Cuba 248 

Inauga  Island,  Great  Bahama,  204 

Indian  scouts 44 

Indiana 257 

"Indiana,"   battleship 194 

Indiana,    Ninth    Regiment    In 
fantry,  company  E 257 

Indiana,     One     Hundred     and 
Fiftieth  Regiment  Infantry. .     89 
92,  95,  105 

Indiana,  Volunteers,   Thirtieth 
Regiment  Infantry,  company 

A 257 

Inspector-General's         Depart 
ment  110 

Iowa 141 

National  Guard 137 

Ireland 40,  132 

"  Irwin   Tract,"   Hawaiian   Isl 
ands  22 

Italy 40 


JACKSONVILLE,  Florida,  Six 
ty-ninth  New  York,  ordered 

to 136 

Jamaica 207,  208,  316 

Jeannisson,  Private  Alexander,  200 
Jeffrey,      Private      John      W., 
wounded  in  action  at  San 

Juan  Hill,   Cuba 245 

wounded 248 

Jennings,  First  Lieutenant  Ed 
gar    S.,    military    record 

of 122 

mustered  out 122 

Jersey  City,  New  Jersey 20 

50,  88,  132,  164,  198 
Jessup,   Private   Frederick  W., 

died 79 

Johnston  (Johnson),  Private 
Henry  C.,  superintended  en 
tertainment  206 

Jones,  Private  Alson  L.,  trans 
ferred  to  Division  Hospital 

Corps 60 

Jones,  Private  John  S.,  in 
jured  58 

Jordan,  Private  Elmer  J.,  died,     70 
Jorgensen,     Christopher,    acci 
dentally  killed  253 

"Journal,"  The,  newspaper...  207 
Joyce,   Captain  Walter  Irving, 

company  H 155 

sent  to  New  York  for  re 
covery   243 


PAGE 

KANSAS,  Twenty- second  Regi 
ment  Infantry 89,  92,  105 

j  Kansas  City,  Missouri,  loving 
cup  presented  to  Third  Mis 
souri  Regiment,  now  in  pub 
lic  library  at 106 

|  Kapiolani  Park,  Hawaiian  Isl 
ands  21,  22,  37 

i    Kane,    Maurice    B.,    killed    by 

cars 254 

!  Keaney,  First  Lieutenant  Fran 
cis  J  130 

j    Keck,      Captain     Frank,     pro 
moted  major 182 

with  Third  Battalion, 
among  first  to  arrive  on 

San  Juan  Hill,  Cuba 

234,  235 

Keek's  battalion  on  its  way  up 
the  hill  before  one  of  regu 
lars  had  passed  on  the  road,  264 
Keller,      Private      James      E., 
wounded    in    action    at    San 

Juan  Hill,  Cuba 246 

Kenealy,  Alexander  C.,  of  the 

"  Sun  " 318 

Kennan,    Colonel    Cortland    L., 

Fifth  Ohio 135 

Kennan,   George 274 

Kennedy,  Private  John,  died..  148 
Kennedy,  Lieutenant  John  J..  131 
recommended    to    be    cap 
tain  131 

absent  on  sick  leave 140 

recovered  from  illness 150 

Kennedy,    Private    William    S., 

died 75 

Kent,   General  Jacob   Ford,  U. 

S.  A.,  military  record  of,  220 
232,  233,  266 

retired  .  .    220 

orders  to  Colonel  Downs..  231 
ordered    to    take   his    divi 
sion  into  action 262 

extract  from  his  report  of 
the  San  Juan  engage 
ment  263 

his      course      toward      the 

Seventy-first   Regiment. .  265 
his      headquarters     estab 
lished  in  vicinity  of  San 

Juan,   Cuba 267 

Keogh,  First  Sergeant  Thomas 
F.,  promoted  to  lieutenant..   148 

Key   West,   Florida 174 

194,  200,  315 
"  Kilanea,"    Hawaiian    Islands, 

volcano  of 23 

Kilclive,    Private    Thomas,    in 
jured  in  wreck 145 

Killian,  Private  John 76 

discharged  from  regiment,     76 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


40:* 


PAGE 

King.  Albert   J.,   enlisted 114 

King,  Brigadier-General  Chas., 

U.  S.  A 23,     26 

Kingston,  Fourteenth  Separate 

Company   of 17 

Kinne,  Private  George  W.,  com 
pany  D,  transferred  to  First 
Regiment,  United  States 

Volunteer    Engineers 56 

Kirby,  Private  Sinclair  H., 
wounded  in  action  at  San 

Juan   Hill,   Cuba 245 

Kirby,  Brigadier-General  Wil 
liam  Maurice,  inspector 
rifle  practice,  State  of 
New  York,  appointed 
lieutenant-colonel  Third 
Regiment.  National 

Guard 83 

brigadier-general 84 

lieutenant-colonel,         mus 
tered    in    United    States 

service   87 

detailed     as     provost-mar 
shal-general,        Second 

Army  Corps    93 

presented  with  loving  cup,  106 
lieutenant-colonel,  military 

record   of    107,  108 

mustered    out 108,  123 

Kittayama,     Frank,     Japanese 

cook   68 

Kline,  Brigadier-General  Ja 
cob,  U.  S.  A 66 

ill 68 

Kline,  John  C.,  Herald  news 
paper  correspondent 226 

Knox.  Thomas  T.,  assistant 
inspector-general,  United 

States  Army   34,     36 

Kopper,   Private   Edward,   sick 

with   measles 192 

Kopper,  Lieutenant  Frederick, 
formerly  colonel  71st 

Regiment 295 

in  command  of  200  recruits 

at  Camp  Black 295 

Kronpa,    Edward    C..    died    of 

pernicious   malarial   fever...   250 
Kuehnle,  Private  Frederick  C., 
wounded   in    action    at    San 
Juan  Hill,   Cuba 245 

LACEY,      CHIEF      YEOMAN, 

his  gallant  conduct  com 
mended  309 

La  Garde,  Major  and  Surgeon 
Louis  A.,  in  charge  of  Sib- 
oney,  Cuba 268 

"  La  Grande  Duchesse,"  trans 
port  212,  250,  253 


PAGE 

"  La  Grande  Duchesse,"  trans 
port: 

all    needed    rations    trans 
ported  to  at  Santiago...   289 
passed   out   of   the   harbor 

with   Spanish   pilot 289 

Lakeland,    Florida 173,  175,  177 

179,  180,  183,  187 
190,  192,  206,  251,  256 
Seventy-first,     New     York, 

arrived    at 166 

sketch  of  camp  at 167,  168 

Episcopalian  chapel  at 

170,  175 

Lodge  of  Free  Masons  give 
reception  and  banquet  to 
Masonic  brethren  of 

regiment 180 

Seventy-first,     New     York, 

leaves 184 

Lalor   (Lawlor),  Sergeant  Pat 
rick  W.,  injured  in  wreck...   145 
Lane,       Private       Leland       T., 
commissioned          second 
lieutenant  Two  Hundred 
and   Second  Regiment...     62 

resigned 62 

transferred  to  First  Regi 
ment,  United  States  Vol 
unteer  Engineers 62 

Lane,  Private  Thomas,  injured 

in  wreck 145 

Langfitt,     Major     William     C., 

United  States  Army 23 

La     Rose,     Captain     Anthime 

Watson 105,  123 

military  record  of 110 

mustered  out 110 

Las  Animas  canon,   New  Mex 
ico  44 

Las   Guasimas,   Cuba 218,  224 

227,  228,  258 

battle  of 217,  218,  259 

United  States  Army  en 
gages  in  first  battle  on 

Cuban  soil 216 

evidence  of  bloody  engage 
ment  at 223 

Lawrence,  Private  William  C..   191 
Lawton,   Major-General   Henry 
Ware,   U.   S.   A.,   military 

record  of,  foot-note ".   257 

received  congressional 
medal  of  honor  for  gal 
lantry  in  front  of  At 
lanta,  Georgia 257 

killed  in  action  at  battle 
of  San  Matio,  Philippine 

Islands 257 

his  division  at  El  Caney, 
Cuba 269 


404 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


PAGE 

Leary,    First   Lieutenant    Tim 
othy   Hill 130 

Leffingwell,  Musician  Henry  R.,     70 
Legnard,     Private     Frank     S., 

died 66 

Lennon,    Private    Thomas    F., 

died  .  . 29 

Lentz,  Second  Lieutenant 
Charles  B.,  military  rec 
ord  of 119 

mustered  out 119 

Lester,  Major  James  W 50 

53,  61,  68,     78 

mustered   in 46 

commanding-       Fourteenth 
Battalion,       National 

Guard,  New  York 47 

paid  and  mustered  out  of 

United  States  service 80 

Levy,  Dr.  Joseph  M 237 

Lewis,     Private     Charles,     in 
jured  in  wreck 145 

Lewis,         Hospital         Steward 

George   J 123 

military  record  of 112 

mustered  out 112 

Lexington,  Kentucky 132 

Lincoln,   General  James   Rush,     68 
brigadier-general. .  137,  141,  142 
congratulates    Colonel    Ed 
ward    Duffy    on    appear 
ance    of    the    Sixty-ninth 

Regiment 147,  149 

Linson,  Captain  William  Henry  236 
Little,        Second        Lieutenant 

James   H 130 

Lloyd,  James  H 50,  61,     72 

appointed      lieutenant- 
colonel,       Second       New 

York  Volunteers 45,     47 

mustered   in .- . .     46 

mustered     out     of     United 

States    service 82 

Lockhart,    Private    William   J., 
transferred  to  United  States 

Volunteer   Signal   Corps 76 

"Log  of  Gloucester,  The" 

306,  307,  309,  310,  312 

London,  St.  Paul's  Church 176 

Long   Bridge,   Virginia 88 

Long  Island,  New  York 128 

railway 87,  163 

Long  Island  City,  Long  Island, 

New  York 19,  50,     88 

155,  163,  164,  190,  298 
special       train        conveyed 
Seventy-first       Regiment 

to 297 

Longson,    Lieutenant   William, 

died  of  typhoid  fever 251 

toast   drunk   in   silence   to 
memory  of 303 


. , ,  .  PAGE 
Louisville   a^n^   Nashville   Rail 
road  .   . 143,  145 

Ludlow,  Brigadier-General  Wil 
liam,    U.    S.    A.,    military 

record  of 256 

died    at    Convent    station, 

New    Jersey 256 

his  brigade  of  regulars...   257 
praised     the     Seventy-first 

Regiment 285 

Lucas,  Private  William  H 237 

Lynch,  Captain  Michael 129 

absent  on  sick  leave 140 

rejoined  regiment 144 

Lynch,  Major  Thomas  F? 129 

in  hospital 134 

recovered  from  illness....  138 

Lynchburg,   Virginia 72 

Lytle   station,   Georgia 51 

57,  133 

MacARTHUR,  COLONEL  AR 
THUR  137,  293 

Mackenzie,  Private  William  H., 
wounded    in    action    at    San 

Juan  Hill,  Cuba 246 

MacMillan    (McWilliam),    Nor 
man    J.    G.,    died    of    yellow 

fever  at  Siboney,  Cuba 254 

Magill,   Private  James   S.,   dis 
charged  78 

Maguire,  Lieutenant  Peter  W..  130 
recommended    to    be    cap 
tain  133 

Mail  and  Express,   The,  news 
paper   169,  226,  314 

letter  written  to,  in  favor 
of  Seventy-first  Regi 
ment,  by  Henry  L.  Stod- 

dard 265 

Maine,  the 316 

Maley,  Private  John  W.,  trans 
ferred    to    Division    Hospital 

Corps 60 

Manassas,  Virginia 94,  97,     99 

Manassas  battlefield,  Virginia,     99 
Manassas  Junction,  Virginia..     95 
Third    Regiment    Infantry, 
New     York     Volunteers, 

ordered   to 94 

Manassas  monument,  Virginia,     99 

Manila,  Philippine  Islands 21 

Manila  bay,  battle  of 316 

Manning,     Sergeant     John     J., 

injured  in  railway  wreck...   145 
Manson,        Captain        William 

Dixon 25 

lieutenant,  promoted 28 

Mapes,  Lieutenant  William  H..     26 
Mara,       Sergeant       John       J., 
wounded     in     action     at 
San  Juan  Hill,  Cutfa 244 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


405 


PAGE 

Mara,  Sergeant  John  J.: 

died    of    fever    and    dysen 
tery  253 

Markley,  Major  Alfred  C.,  U.  S. 
A.,  letter  to  Colonel  Downs 
praising-  Seventy-first  Regi 
ment  for  its  bravery 267 

Marlow,  Private  James  L., 
wounded  in  action  at  San 

Juan  Hill,  Cuba 245 

Mariposa,    steamer 22 

Marks,  Charles  W 114 

Marsh    (March),    Surgeon    and 

Major  E.  T.   T 165,  182 

Marshall,  Edward,  of  the 
Journal,  wounded  at  San 

Juan  Hill,   Cuba 318 

Marshall    estate,   Virginia 96 

Martens,   Private   Richard 191 

died   of  malarial  fever 251 

Martin,  Colonel  Henry  P., 
colonel  of  Seventy-first  Regi 
ment  in  1861 180,  300,  301 

Martin,  Captain  James  Curtis,     26 
Martin,     Sergeant-Major     Wil 
liam  Swift  47 

mustered    in    as    battalion 

adjutant 59 

mustered     out     of     United 

States   service 82 

Maryes  Heights,  Virginia,  bat 
tle  of 220 

Mason,  First  Lieutenant  Sam 
uel  J.,  militarv  record 

of 117 

mustered  out   117 

44  Massachusetts,"  Captain  Hig- 

ginson's  battleship 306,  307 

Massachusetts  coast 198 

Spanish  ships  sighted  off..   164 
Massachusetts,     Second     Regi 
ment  Infantry 163 

167,  170,  192 

officers  buy  horses 177 

part  of  Ludlow's  command 

at  El  Caney,  Cuba 256 

utilized  as  a  support  at  El 

Caney  engagement 257 

not   in    San    Juan    engage 
ment  until  second  day..   257 
suffered  from  Spanish  fire, 
but  not  in  fighting  at  El 

Caney    257 

Massarene,  Sergeant-Major 
William  G.,  recommend 
ed  for  promotion 133 

resigned 150 

Masten,  Lieutenant  Daniel  W..     49 
Matanzas,      bombardment      of 

fortifications   at 316 

Mather,  Lieutenant  Adrian  W. .     25 
Maus,  Surgeon-Major  Louis  M..  156 


PAGE 
Mayer,   Lieutenant  George  M., 

military  record  of 120 

mustered  out   120 

May  rand     (Maynard),     George 

W.,  enlisted 114 

Maxcy,       Second       Lieutenant 

Carroll  Lewis   48,     49 

lieutenant,  resigned   55 

honorably  discharged  from 

United    States    service...     55 
McAlpin,     General     Edwin     A., 
visited     camp     of     Seventy- 
first  Regiment 282,  295,  297 

McArthur,  Private  William  H., 

died 70 

McBean,    Captain    Hector   Wil 
liam  86 

mustered  into  United 
States  service  as  cap 
tain  87 

sent    to    Niagara    Falls    to 

receive   recruits    91 

military  record  of 117 

mustered  out 117 

McBride,  Private  Andrew,  in 
jured  58 

McBride     (MacBride),     Private 

John,  enlisted    114 

McCarthy,    Captain    Daniel....  130 
McCarty,       Private       Webster, 

died 29 

McChesney,  Quartermaster- 
Sergeant  Calvin  S.,  mus 
tered  in  as  lieutenant 59 

McClelland,  Private  Donald  C., 
wounded  in  action  at  San 

Juan  Hill,  Cuba 244 

McClurg,       William,      died     of 

pleuro-pneumonia 252 

McCready,  E.  W.,  on  New  York 

Herald  war  staff 316 

McCrystal,  Captain  Edward  T..  129 
recommended  to  be  major,  133 
McCrystal,  Lieutenant  William 

J.  P 130 

promoted 147 

McDermott,  Sergeant  James  J., 
wounded  in  action  at  San 

Juan  Hill,  Cuba 245 

McDonald,     Lieutenant     John, 

military   record   of 117 

mustered  out 117 

McElroy,  George  W.,  chief  en 
gineer  on  "  Gloucester  " 312 

McGaffin,  Lieutenant  John  J. .     48 

mustered  in  as  captain 59 

McGeechan,  Private  John, 
wounded  in  action  at  San 

Juan  Hill,  Cuba 245 

McGurrin,   Colonel  William  T., 

Thirty-second  Michigan 135 

Mclntyre,  Captain  Amos  E....     26 


406 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


PAGE 

Mclntyre,  Private  Samuel, 
wounded  in  action  at  San 

Juan  Hill,  Cuba 246 

McKay,  First  Lieutenant  Wil 
liam  L.,  military  record 

of 115 

mustered  out 115 

McKeever,  Edward  Percy,  died 

of  fever 252 

McKenna,     Second    Lieutenant 

Patrick   J 129 

McKinley,   President  William..   125 
126,  158,  171,  210 
made    requisition    on    Gov 
ernor  of  New  York  State,     83 
authorized      to      call      for 

125,000    men 83    , 

called     for     125,000     volun 
teers  153 

his  anxiety  to  protect  the 

troops 198 

McMahon,  Private  Thomas,  in 
jured  in  wreck 145 

McMillan,    Lieutenant   Howard 

Udell 25 

McNair,  Corporal  Frederick 
Park,  commissioned  lieu 
tenant  Two  Hundred  and 
Second  Regiment,  New 

York  Volunteers 80 

died 80 

McNamara,     Private     Thomas 

W.,    died 76 

McNeil  (McNeill),  Sergeant 
Thomas  J.,  mustered  in  as 

lieutenant 62 

Mead,  Captain  Harry,  assistant 
surgeon  Sixty-fifth  Regi 
ment  80 

Meade,  Private  James,  in 
jured  in  wreck 145 

Medina,  New  York 86 

Twenty-ninth  Separate 

Company   of 84 

Meeks,  Sergeant  Elmer  C., 
died  of  typhoid  malarial 

fever 251 

Meeks,  Captain  William  Fur- 
man  237 

among    first    to    arrive    on 

San  Juan  Hill,   Cuba 234 

Mercer,  Private  John  E., 
wounded  in  action  at  San 

Juan  Hill,   Cuba 246 

Merchants'   Central   Club 282 

Meriwether,      Walter      S.,      on 

New  York  Herald  war  staff,  316 
Merriam,  Major-General  Henry 

C.,  U.  S.  A 23 

Merrill,  Second  Lieutenant 
Leon  A.,  military  record 
of  .  .  122 


PAGE 

Merrill,       Second       Lieutenant 

Leon  A.,  mustered  out....   122 
Merrimac,  sinking  of  by  Hob- 
son  191 

sunk  in"   Santiago  harbor..   289 
Merritt,    Corporal    Samuel,    in 
jured  in  wreck   145 

Merritt,  Major-General  Wesley, 

U.   S.  A 32,  171,  181 

Messer,  Private  John  P. 237 

Messiter,    Arthur    M.,    died    of 

fever 249 

Mexico,  Gulf  of 200 

Meyer  (Myer),  Corporal  John 
C.,  superintended  entertain 
ment  206 

Michigan  .  .   227 

Thirty-second  Regiment  In 
fantry 135 

troops,  assisted  in  cutting 
trees      and      building 

bridges 241 

Middletown,  New  York,  Twen 
ty-fourth  Separate  Company 

of 17 

Middletown,  Pennsylvania, 

Camp  Meade,  at 104,  105 

Miles,  General  Nelson  A.,  Lieu- 

tenant-General,  U.  S.  A.,  166 
191,  196,  308 
expedition  to  Puerto  Rico 

under 306 

complimented      Captain 

Wainwright 307 

Miley,  Lieutenant  John  D.,  U. 

S.  A 260,  262 

Military     Hospital,      Santiago, 

Cuba 271 

Millard,    Thomas    F.,    on    New 

York  Herald  war  staff 316 

Miller,  First  Lieutenant  Frank 

J 105 

military   record    of 116 

mustered  out  116 

Miller,  Private  John  H.,  wound 
ed  in  action  at  San  Juan 

Hill,   Cuba    246 

Mills,  Private  Bloomfield  B., 
wounded  in  action  at  San 

Juan  Hill,   Cuba 245 

Mindora,  dispatch  boat,  car 
ried  first  account  of  fighting 

before  Santiago    316 

Minnesota  troops 21 

Missouri,  transport. . .   249,  252,  253 
Volunteers,      Third      Regi 
ment  Infantry  91 

103,  105 

came  into  Camp  Alger,     89 
presented    with    loving 
cup     by     Third     New 
York  Regiment   106 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


407 


PAGE 

Mitchell,       First       Lieutenant 

James  B 99 

military   record   of Ill 

resigned Ill 

commissioned   second  lieu 
tenant,  U.  S.  A Ill 

promoted  to  battalion  ad 
jutant  116 

discharged 124 

Mitchell,   John,    on   New   York 

Herald  war  staff 316    j 

Mohawk,  New  York 49    I 

State  armory  at 81    i 

Molahan,  First  Lieutenant  Pat 
rick    J 130 

Mona  passage    306 

Monroe,  New  York 250    j 

Montauk,    Long   Island .'...  298 

yellow        fever         patients 

strictly  quarantined  at..   246 
sick   of   regiment,   suffered 
from    insufficient     cover 
ing  during  cold  nights  at,  293 
transports,      with      troops 
from    Santiago,    continu 
ally  arriving  at 296 

detention  hospitals  at 296 

general  hospital  at 296 

list    of   Seventy-first   Regi 
ment  dead  at 303 

Montauk  Point,  Long  Island..  248 

249,  250,  251,  252,  253,  254 

287,  288,  290,  294,  304 

Montgomery,  Alabama    142 

Montgomery,    Second   Lieuten 
ant    Alton    W.,    military 

record  of 123 

mustered  out 123 

Moody  Institute 281 

Moore,      Private     Hudson     B., 

died 30 

Moran,    Private    John    F.,    in 
jured  in  wreck 145 

Morgan,        Quartermaster-Ser 
geant  Herbert  A Ill 

appointed    clerk,    commis 
sary  department 112 

military  record  of 112 

discharged 124 

Morrison,   Private   Charles   H., 

died 68 

Morristown,  New  Jersey 175 

Morro  Castle,  Havana  Harbor, 

Cuba    210,   239,  289 

Morro  Castle,  Santiago...  312,  314 
Morton,  Private  Frederick  E., 

discharged 66 

Morton  Lake,  Florida 167 

Mosby's  guerillas  102 

Mott,  First  Lieutenant  Selden 

W 48 

Mott-Smith,  Minister   38 


PAGE 

Mount  Pleasant,  New  York...     79 
Murphy,  Private  Edward,  2d..     51 
commissioned   captain   and 
assistant       adjutant-gen 
eral  51 

discharged 62 

Murphy,  Private  James,  wound 
ed  in  action  at  San  Juan  Hill, 

Cuba 244 

Murphy,     Private     Robert     E., 
wounded    in    action    at    San 

Juan  Hill,  Cuba 244 

Murtaugh    (Murtagh),    Private 

Thomas  E 206 

Myer,    Colonel    Albert    James, 

mustered  in  as  adjutant,     87 

promoted  to  major 93,  109 

A.      D.      C.      to      Governor 

Frank  S.  Black 109 

military  record  of 109 

resigned 109 

discharged 124 

Myers,     Private     Leonard     K., 
transferred    to   band 114 

NAGLE,    JAMES    E.,    died    of 

fever  and  bronchitis 251 

National  Guard   155,  285 

Iowa 137 

New  Jersey,   Fourth   Regi 
ment  117 

New  York 39,  41,  42,    45 

86,  127,  128,  153,  303 

Third  Brigade   17 

First  Regiment  In 
fantry,  composed 
of  organizations 
of  the  Third  Bri 
gade  17,  18,  156 

First  Regiment  In 
fantry,  medical 
examination  of 
officers  and  en 
listed  men  18 

First  Regiment  In 
fantry,  mustered 
in  United  States 

service 19 

First  Regiment  In 
fantry,       became 
First       Regiment 
Infantry,       New 
York  Volunteers,     19 
Twelfth   Regiment,     39 
Second       Battery..     46 
Second       Regiment 
Infantry,       Thir 
teenth       Bat 
talion  47 

Fourteenth  Bat 
talion,  Third 
Brigade..  45,  47 


408 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


PAGE 

National  Guard: 
New  York: 

Third  Brigade: 

Second  Regiment: 
Fifteenth     Bat 
talion,    Third 
Brigade..    45,     47 
Sixth    Separate 

Company  ....     47 
Twenty-  first 
Separate  Com 
pany  47 

Third  Regiment  Infan 
try,  composed  of 
organizations     of 
Fourth  Brigade. .     83 
ordered     to     Camp 

Black 84 

list     of     companies 

and  officers  of,  84,     85 
became  Third  Regi 
ment     Infantry..      85 
(See  Index  of,  page 

339.) 

One  Hundred  and  Tenth 
Battalion,      company 

D 107,  121 

First      Separate      Com 
pany  Ill 

112,  113,  119,  124 
Second    Separate    Com 
pany  108,  109 

110,  112,  120,  122,  123 
Eighth   Separate   Com 
pany  114 

Thirteenth         Separate 

Company 110 

Twenty-fifth     Separate 

Company    . .   112,   118,  119 
Twenty-ninth  Separate 

Company  . . .   108,  117,  118 
Thirtieth     Separate 

Company 309 

110,  112,  113,  121,  122 
Thirty-fourth  Separate 

Company 108,  115 

Forty-first  Separate 

Company   Ill,  116 

Forty-second    Separate 

Company 108 

117,  118 
Forty-third       Separate 

Company   113,  120 

Forty-seventh  Separate 

Company 113 

120,  121 
Forty-eighth     Separate 

Company   108,  117 

Seventh  Regiment,  com 
pany  H 122 

Twenty-second       Regi 
ment  .  87 


PAGE 

National  Guard: 
New  York: 

Twenty-second       Regi 
ment: 

company  E 109,  126 

Forty-eighth  Regiment, 

company  A 116 

company    F 116 

Forty-ninth    Regiment,  108 
Fifty-fourth  Regiment, 

company   E 114 

company  H 122 

Sixty-fifth    Regiment . .   109 
Seventy-first  Regiment. 
(See  Index  of,  page 

357.) 

First   Regiment    Infan 
try,     or     First     Pro 
visional    Regiment. . .   156 
Thirteenth       Regiment 

Infantry 156 

Fourteenth      Regiment 

Infantry 156 

Forty-seventh         Regi 
ment  Infantry 156 

Sixty-fifth        Regiment 

Infantry 156 

Sixty-ninth      Regiment 

Infantry 156 

(See  Index  of,  page 

351.) 

One  Hundred  and  Sev 
enty-first      Regiment 

Infantry 165,  303 

National  Military  Park,  Chick- 

amauga,   Georgia    51 

regiment  arrived  at 133 

Naval  Academy  Museum,  An 
napolis,  Spanish  flag  cap 
tured  at  Puerto  Rico  hangs  in,  309 

Naval  convoy   306 

Naval     Department,     co-opera 
tion   between  it  and  the 

newspapers 317 

required   Spanish  flag  cap 
tured,  to  be  turned  in  as 

public   trophy    309 

Nebraska    Volunteers,    Second 

Regiment  Infantry   52 

Newcomb,  First  Sergeant  Ed 
ward  T.,  promoted  lieuten 
ant  27 

Nellis,  First  Lieutenant  George 

W.,  military  record  of...   122 

resigned 122 

promoted   as  captain 122 

Nellis,     Private     Webster     W., 

died 79 

Newburgh,       Fifth       Separate 

Company 17 

Newcastle,  Alabama   145 

Sixty-ninth      Regiment     in 
railroad  wreck  at 143 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


401) 


PAGE 

New  Hawaiian   post 21 

New   Jersey,    Central   Railroad 

of ." 50 

New    Jersey    National    Guard, 
Fourth    Regiment,    company 

H 117 

New  Mexico    44 

New  Orleans.  Louisiana 204 

Newport  Harbor,  Rhode  Island,     40 

Newport,  Kentucky  140 

Newspaper   correspondents,   in 

Spanish  War  314-318 

New     York,     organizations     in 

Spanish   War    9-12 

harbor 19,   31,   175,  198 

ladies  of  Pension  Bureau, 
in  Washington,  enter 
tained  Second  Regiment,  73 

troops  of   154 

Grand  Lodge,  Free  Masons, 

of 181 

representatives  of  promi 
nent  newspapers  and 
journals  of,  at  camp  at 

Sevilla,  Cuba  226 

naval      officers,      gallantry 

of 306-311 

Navy  Yard  312 

New    York,    of    the    American 

Line,  now  Harvard 218 

New   York  Bay 211' 

New  York  Central  Railway,  84,     85 

New  York  City 34,  36,  90,  132 

138,  \39,  142,  144,  145,  148 
158,  169,  170,  175,  179,  180 
196,  202,  218,  222,  226,  243 
247,  248,  249,  250,  251,  253 
253,  255,  270,  277,  278,  281 
283,  290,  294,  295,  299,  303 

New  York  Evening  Post 318 

New  York  Herald 3  L5 

316,  317 

New  York  Journal 318 

New  York  Press 318 

New  York  Sun 317,  318 

New  York  Tribune 169 

New  York  World 281,  317 

New  York  National  Guard 36 

39,  41,  42,  45,  83,  86 
127,  128,  153,  303 

Third  Brigade    17 

First  Regiment  Infan 
try,  composed  of  or 
ganizations  of  the 

Third  Brigade    17 

18,  156 

First  Regiment  Infan 
try,  medical  exami 
nation  of  officers  and 

enlisted  men 18 

mustered  into  United 
States  service  .  19 


PAGE 

New  York  National  Guard: 
Third  Brigade: 

became  First  Regiment 
Infantry,    New    York 

Volunteers 19 

Second  Regiment  In- 
f  a  n  t  r  y,  Thir 
teenth  Battalion,  47 
Fourteenth  Battal 
ion,  Third  Bri 
gade  45,  47 

Fifteenth  Battal 
ion,  Third  Bri 
gade  45,  47 

Sixth  Separate  Company..     47 
Twenty-first  Separate  Com 
pany  47 

Third  Regiment  Infantry, 
composed  of  organi 
zations  of  Fourth 

Brigade 83 

ordered  to  Camp  Black,     84 
list    of    companies    and 

officers   of 84-85 

became      Third      Regi 
ment    Infantry,    New 

York    Volunteers 85 

One    Hundred    and    Tenth 
Battalion,  company  D...   107 

121 

First   Separate  Company..   Ill 
112,  113,  119,  124 
Second  Separate  Company,  108 
109,  110,  112,  120,  122,  123 
Eighth  Separate  Company,  114 
Thirteenth   Separate    Com 
pany  110 

Twenty-fifth      Separate 

Company    112,   118,  119 

Twenty-ninth    Separate 

Company   108,   117,  118 

Thirtieth     Separate     Com 
pany  109 

110,  112,  113,  121,  122 
Thirty-fourth    Separate 

Company 108,  115 

Forty-first    Separate    Com 
pany  111.  116 

Forty-second     Separate 

Company    108,   117,  118 

Forty-third  Separate  Com 
pany  113,  120 

Forty-seventh   Separate 

Company    113,    120,  121 

Forty-eighth      Separate 

Company   108,  117 

Seventh     Regiment,     com 
pany  H 122 

Twenty-second  Regiment..     87 

company  E  109,  126 

Forty-eighth  Regiment, 

company  A   116 


410 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


PAGE 

New  York  National  Guard: 
Forty-eighth  Regiment: 

company   F 116 

Forty-ninth  Regiment 108 

Fifty-fourth   Regiment, 

company  E 114 

company  H 122 

Sixty-fifth  Regiment 109 

Seventy-first  Regiment  In 
fantry.  (See  Index  to 
Seventy-first  Regiment, 
page  370.) 

First  Regiment  Infantry, 
or  First  Provisional 

Regiment 156 

Thirteenth  Regiment  In 
fantry  156 

Fourteenth  Regiment  In 
fantry  156 

Forty-seventh        Regiment 

Infantry 156 

Sixty-fifth  Regiment  In 
fantry  156 

Sixty-ninth    Regiment   I  n- 

f  antry 156 

One  Hundred  and  Seventy- 
first  Regiment  Infantry,  165 

303 

New  York  State 17 

18,  19,  24,  31,  39,  45,     46 

60,  61,  69,  71,  72,  74,     83 

108,  127,  137,  150,  152,  171 

182,  188,  216,  287,  304 

Adjutant-General  of 39 

74,  153,  154,  165,  247 
Colonel      MacArthur      paid 
men     for     services     ren 
dered,  from  May  2nd  to 
May  10th  at  Camp  Black,  293 
Nineteenth     Militia,     com 
pany  D 43 

New    York    Volunteers,     First 
Regiment  Infantry.     (See  In 
dex,    First    Regiment,    page 
319.) 
New    York    Volunteers,    202nd 

Regiment 27 

New  York  Volunteers,   Second 
Regiment  Infantry.     (See  In 
dex    Second   Regiment,   page 
327.) 
New  York  Volunteers,  Twelfth 

Regiment  Infantry   82 

Fourteenth  Regiment  In 
fantry  52 

Twenty-second       Regiment 

Infantry 47 

Sixty-fifth  Regiment  Infan 
try  80 

Sixty-ninth  Regiment  In 
fantry  54,  67,  72 


PAGE 

New  York  Volunteers: 

Seventy-first  Regiment  In 
fantry  79 

Two    Hundred    and    First 

Regiment  Infantry   60 

Two  Hundred   and   Second 

Regiment  Infantry   60 

80,     82 
Two    Hundred    and    Third 

Regiment   Infantry 66 

Third    Regiment    Artillery,  107 
New    York    Volunteers,    Third 
Regiment  Infantry.     (See  In 
dex    Third    Regiment,    page 
339.) 
New    York    Volunteers,    147th 

Regiment  Infantry   115 

Two   Hundred  and   Second 

Regiment    Infantry..   93,  109 
Two    Hundred    and    Third 

Regiment   Infantry 115 

New    York    Volunteers,    Sixty- 
ninth      Regiment      Infantry. 
(See  Index  Sixty-ninth  Regi 
ment,   page   351.) 
New  York  Volunteers,   Seventy- 
first  Regiment  Infantry.    (See 
Index       Seventy-first       Regi 
ment  Infantry,  page  357.) 
New  York  Volunteers,  Second 
Regiment    Infantry,    or    Sec 
ond  Provisional  Regiment. . .  211 
New     York     Volunteers,     Sev 
enth       Regiment       Infantry, 

company  K 181 

Niagara  Falls,  New  York 86 

Forty-second     Separate 

Company   of 84 

Nice,  Lieutenant  John  L 97 

military   record    of 118-119 

mustered  out  119 

Nichols,   F.   H.,    on   New   York 

Herald  war  staff 316 

Nichols,    Private    Frederick    P. 

(Edward),  killed 57 

remains    of,    sent   to    Troy 

for   interment    58 

Nicht,     Musician     Edward     J., 

transferred  to  band 114 

Nickinson,    Lieutenant    Albert 

E 26 

sergeant,  promoted 28 

Ninth  Regiment  Cavalry,  U.  S. 

A 43,  44,     67 

Ninth        Regiment        Infantry, 

Indiana 257 

Ninth        Regiment       Infantry, 

regulars 264 

Ninth   Separate   Company,  Na 
tional  Guard,  New  York, 
of  Whitehall,  New  York,     49 
designated  company  1 46 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


411 


PAGE 

Noon,  Private  George,  injured 

in   wreck    145 

Norman,  Lieutenant  George 
H.,  in  command  of  armed 
boat  which  captured  light 
ers  in  Guanica  Harbor 3LO 

Norman,  Lieutenant  and  As 
sistant  Engineer  Proctor,  in 
charge  of  armed  boat  sent  to 

aid   Lieutenant   Huse 307 

North  Carolina   259 

Northern  Alabama    69 

North   river,   New   York 132 

OAHU,  ISLAND  OF 23 

O'Brien,  Captain  John  E 130 

O'Brien,  Private  John  J.,  died,  148 
O'Brien,     Private     Michael     J., 

died 70 

O'Brien,  Private  Pierce  J., 
transferred  to  Division  Hos 
pital  Corps  GO 

O'Brien,  Thomas  J.,  died  of  dis 
ease  250 

Ocala,       Florida,       Sixty-ninth 
Regiment       Infantry,       New 
York  Volunteers,  arrived  at,  135 
O'Connell,    First    Sergeant   Mi 
chael,     recommended     to    be 

second   lieutenant    133 

O'Connell,  Private  Michael,  in 
jured  in  wreck 145 

O'Connor,     John     E.,     died     of 

fever 252 

Ogden,  Utah  21 

Ohio 257 

First  Regiment    67 

First  Regiment  Cavalry...   167 

Third    Regiment    Infantry,  135 

136,  140,  146 

Fifth  Regiment  Infantry..   135 
Seventh     Regiment     Infan 
try   104 

troops 105 

Ojo  Calieiite,  New  Mexico 44 

O'Keefe,     Corporal    Gerald    J., 

injured  in  wreck 145 

O'Keefe,  Private  William,  in 
jured  in  wreck 345 

Olcott,  Mrs.  Emmet  R 180 

Olean,    New   York 85 

Forty-third  Separate  Com 
pany  of  84 

Olena,  Edgar  J.,  died 76 

Oliver,  Second  Lieutenant  Ed 
ward  25 

Oliver,  Brigadier-General  Rob 
ert  Shaw,  commanding 
officer  of  Third  Bri 
gade  17,  18 

ordered    to    organize    two 
regiments :...      17 


PAGE 

Olivette,   steamer    204,  218 

steamship,  headquarters 
for  newspaper  corre 
spondents  207 

Olyphant,      Quartermaster      J. 

Kensett 181 

Olyphant,  Talbot,  presents  col 
ors  to  New  York  Volun 
teers  19,  90 

Olympia 316 

Omaha,   Nebraska    20 

One  Hundred  and  Tenth  Bat 
talion,  National  Guard,  New 

York,  company  D 107,  121 

One  Hundred  and  Fifty-sev 
enth  Regiment,  Indiana 67 

One  Hundred  and  Forty-sev 
enth  Regiment  Infantry, 

New  York  Volunteers 115 

One   Hundred   and   Fifty-ninth 
Regiment   Infantry,   Indiana,     89 
92,  95,  105 

One  Hundred  and  Seventy- 
first  Regiment  Infantry, 
National  Guard,  New 

York 165,  303 

acted  as  escort  to  Seventy- 
first  Regiment  on  parade 

to  armory    297 

Oneonta,  Third  Separate  Com 
pany  of  17 

Oothoudt,     Second    Lieutenant 

Arthur  E   26 

Oqnendo,  Gloucester  followed 
about  1,500  yards  astern 

of : 311 

Orel,  Major-General  Edward  O. 

C.,  U.  S.  A 227 

Ord,  Lieutenant  Jules  Gar- 
esche,  military  record 

of 227 

killed     at     battle     of     San 

Juan,    Santiago,    Cuba...   227 
one    of    the    first    officers 

shot,  at  San  Juan,  Cuba,  228 
Order  of  advance  of  American 
transports   from   Florida    to 

Cuba 195 

Orr,  Edward  Emerson,  en 
listed  114 

O'Sullivan,    Second    Lieutenant 

Mortimer  M   129 

resigned 141 

|    Oswald,       Assistant       Surgeon 
Francis    L.,     appointed     sur 


geon 


141 


!    Oswego,  New  York 86,  127 

Forty-eighth      Separate 

Company  of    85 

|    Otis,   Major-General   Elwell   S., 

U.  S.  A 32,  33,     34 


412 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


PAGE 

PALMER,  CAPTAIN  FRANK 
ROCKWELL 25 

Palmetto         .Beach,         Florida, 

sketch  of   135 

sketch  of  camp  at 135-136 

unsanitary      condition      of 

camp  at    139 

Park  avenue,  New  York  city..  300 

303 
Parker,  Private  Robertson  A., 

died 76 

Parkersburg,  Virginia    51 

Parks,  Corporal  Frank  L.,  Jr., 

died 79 

Parsons,  Sergeant  Charles  E., 
mustered  in  as  second  lieu 
tenant  62 

Pattberg       (Pattburg),       First 
Lieutenant  Frederick  L., 

military  record  of 117 

mustered  out   117 

Paymaster's  Department   69 

Peace,  formal  declaration  of, 
had  been  made  and  war 

ended 283 

Peet,   Private   George  L.,   died,     30 

Peet  House,  Virginia 99 

Peltz,    Hamilton    S.,    on    New 

York  Herald  war  staff 316 

Pennsylvania 220 

Pennsylvania  Railway   174 

Pension  Bureau,  New  York  la 
dies  of,  entertained  regi 
ment  73 

Pentony, .  Sergeant  John,  in 
jured  in  wreck 145 

Pfister,  Edward,  died  of  fever,  249 
buried    at   Montauk,    Long 

Island 303 

Phelan,     Adjutant     James     J., 
Thirteenth  Battalion,  Na 
tional  Guard,  New  York,     47 
mustered  in  as  captain  and 

adjutant 70 

mustered  out   82 

Philadelphia,   Pennsylvania    ...     51 


105,  132 
Reading 

51 


Philadelphia        and 

Railroad 50, 

Philippine  expedition   171 

Philippine  Islands   32 

33,  181,  257,  315 

Pickard,  Captain  Arthur  W.  . .     26 
first    lieutenant,    promoted 

to  captain 28 

Pierce,        Second       Lieutenant 

Harry  C.,  military  record  of,  116 
Pier  son,    First    Sergeant    Wil 
liam  D.,  died  of  fever 253 

Pinar  del   Rio,  Cuba 61 

Plant  System,  Road  of  the,  64,  167 


PAGE 

Platt,  Senator  Thomas  C.,  of 
New  York,  telegram  pre 
pared  by  Seventy-first  Regi 
ment  officers  to  be  sent  to, 

but  recalled   287 

Plunkett,  Captain  James 129 

resigned 147 

Pluton,  Spanish  destroyer 312 

completely  wrecked  by  the 

Gloucester 313 

Ponce,  negotiations  for  surren 
der  of,  in  progress 310 

Pope,       Major-General      John, 

U.  S.  A 44 

Port  Antonio,  Jamaica,  first 
story  of  destruction  of  Cer- 
vera's  squadron  brought  to, 
by  Golden  Rod,  dispatch 

boat 316 

Porter,     Private     Clarence     H., 

died 30 

Porter,  Mrs.  John  Addison, 
provided  liberal  supply  of 
medicines  and  food  for  sick 
of  Seventy-first  Regiment...  274 

Port  Guanica   306 

Port  of  Guantanamo,  Cuba 206 

Porto   Rico    67 

200,  208,  316 

Port  Tampa,  Florida 54 

59,  60,  136,  188,  194,  212 
Sixth  and  Sixteenth  Infan- 
try,  regulars,  ordered  to 
proceed  to  transports  at,  192 
Seventy-first  Regiment  In 
fantry,      New      York 
Volunteers,      ordered 
to   proceed  to   trans 
ports  at 393 

arrived  at    196 

Post  Hospital,  Hawaiian  Is 
lands  37 

Potomac  river   92 

Potter,  Private  Ernest  R 237 

wounded  in   action   at  San 

Juan  Hill   245 

Potter,        Second       Lieutenant 

Louis    E 49 

Poughkeepsie,  Fifteenth  Sepa 
rate  Company,  Twelfth  Bat 
talion  of 17 

Powers,  Private  Auer  E.,  died,     71 
Preger    (Prayer),   Private  Wil 
liam,     buried     near     the 
ford     below     San     Juan 

Hill,   Cuba    240 

killed     in     action     at     San 

Juan  Hill,   Cuba 247 

Presidio,    San    Francisco,    Cali 
fornia  24,     29 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


PAGE 

Presidio,    San   Francisco,    Cali 
fornia: 

First  Regiment  Infantry, 
New  York  Volunteers, 

moved  to    21 

Pride,       Adjutant       Hamilton, 

Civil  War  veteran 297,  300 

Pritchard,    Private    Frank    B., 

transferred  to  band 114 

Proctor,     Assistant     Engineer, 
on    armed    boat,    sent    in 
aid   of   Lieutenant  Huse,  307 
boat    in    command    of,    cut 

out  large  lighter 308 

Provisional      regiments,      New 

York  Volunteers 156 

Provost    Guard    273 

Puerto  Rico,  expedition  to,  un 
der   General   Miles,   designed 
to  land  at  Cape  San  Juan...   306 
Puerto      Rico,      first      Spanish 
flag  captured  in,  by  crew 

of  Gloucester   309 

first  American  flag  hoisted 
in,  by  crew  of  Glouces 
ter  309 

Purman,  Corporal  William  M., 
transferred       First       United 
States   Volunteer   Engineers,     52 
Putnam,     Private     Frank     A., 

died 76 

Pyne,  Private  William,  died...   151 

QUARTERMASTER'S         DE 
PARTMENT   72,     95 

its  efficiency  proved 98,  103 

practically  a  nullity 279 

Queen  and  Crescent  Railway..     55 
Queens,  New  York,  borough  of,  250 
Queen's     Road,      pilgrims      all 
along,      journeying      toward 

Santiago,  Cuba    271 

Quevedo,   Richard,   died   of   ty 
phoid  malarial  fever 251 

Quigley,   First  Lieutenant   and 
Battalion  Adjutant  John 

Aloysius 110,  126 

mustered  in  United  States 
service  as  battalion  adju 
tant  87 

military  record  of 109 

died 124 

announcement   of   his 

death 125-126 

Quilty,    John    J.,    died    of    dis 
ease  249 

Quinn,          First          Lieutenant 
Thomas  J 129 

RABING,   PRIVATE  ALBERT 

J 282 

Race    Track    Camp,    Hawaiian 
Islands  .  22 


PAGE 

Rafferty,       Captain       Malcolm 

Anstice    182,   194,  212 

with  company  F,  among 
first  to  arrive  on  San 

Juan  Hill,  Cuba 233 

led  his  company  up  the  hill 
with  Major  Keek's  bat 
talion 264 

Ralph,      Julian,      of     Harper's 

Weekly 317 

Ramsay  (Ramsey),  Assistant 
Surgeon  George  I).,  pro 
moted  surgeon  27 

resigned 141 

Rappe,  Private  Charles  G 21 

Read,    Private    James    H.,    Jr., 

died 29 

Reagan,    Corporal    Michael    J., 

promoted  lieutenant  27 

Reardon,    Private    Thomas    J., 

injured  in  wreck 145 

Rebecca   Channel    200 

Reconcentrados,   meaning   of..   214 

Records,  preservation  of 2-3 

Recruits,     at     Montauk,     Long 

Island 295,  296 

Red  Cross  Society 274 

278,- 280,  292 

Red  Cross  steamer,  State  of 
Texas,  first  to  enter  Santi 
ago  harbor  after  the  surren 
der  273 

Redding,  Leo  L.,  on  New  York 

Herald  war   staff 316 

Regimental       Band,       account 

of 113-114 

Regimental  Hospital,  Second..     66 

68 

Regimental   Hospital    246 

Reilly,  Private  John,  died 148 

Reilly,  Patrick,  teamster,  in 
jured  in  wreck 145 

Reina  Mercedes,  ship,   sunk  in 

harbor 289 

Relief  Society  of  the  Seventy- 
first  Regiment,  $100  re 
ceived  from,  by  Colonel 

Downs   278 

gifts   of   tobacco   and   par 
cels  received  from 285 

Remington,  Frederick,  artist..   318 
Reville,  First  Lieutenant  Philip 

E 130 

Revolution,  Sons  of  the  pre 
sent  colors  to  the  First 

Regiment 19 

present  colors  to  the  Third 

Regiment 89,     90 

Reynolds,    Daniel    K.,    died    on 

board  Roumania,  at  sea 249 

Rich,  Captain  Amos  Cooke 49 


414 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


PAGE 

Richardson,  Private  Henry  P., 
wounded    in    action    at    San 

Juan  Hill,   Cuba 245 

Richmond,  Virginia   166,  220    \ 

Roach,  Captain  James  Edward,     25    j 
Roach,  Private  Royal  T.,  died,     80 
Roberts,  Lieutenant  Alfred  I., 

died  of  pneumonia 250 

toast   drunk   in   silence,   in 

memory  of    303 

Roberts,    Cyrus    S.,    adjutant- 
general,  U.  S.  A.,  letter  from,     94 
Robt,    Private    Robert    J.,    Jr. 

(William),  song 206 

Roche,  Captain  John  J 131 

Rochester,  New  York...  85,  86,  124 
First     Separate     Company 

of 84 

Eighth   Separate   Company 

of 84 

Rodgers,    Corporal    James    L., 

died  of  fever 251 

Roe,  Major-General  Charles  F.,  156 
159,  160,  161,  162,  174,  211 
Fifth      Brigade,      National 

Guard,  New  York...  128,  129 
Rome  and  Columbus  Railroad,  51 
Rooney,  Second  Lieutenant 

Leo  J.  F 135 

sergeant,   recommended  to 

be  lieutenant   131 

Roosevelt  Rough  Riders 192 

196,  218,  259 

also  known  as  First  United 
States  Volunteer  Cav 
alry  216,  218 

had  several  losses  in  killed 
and  wounded  on  El  Poso 

Hill,   Cuba    228 

excited  curiosity  of  every 
one  256 

Roosevelt,  Theodore,  Assistant 

Secretary  Navy   196 

lieutenant-colonel  ....  260,  262 
colonel,     in     command     of 
First  Volunteer  Cavalry,  228 

Roosevelt  Regiment    260 

ordered  down  the  hill  and 
to  advance  on  San  Juan, 

Cuba 262 

Root,  First  Sergeant  Edgar  W., 
died     of     typhoid     malarial 

fever 247 

Ross,  Chief  Hostler 178,  222 

Ross,  Private  Reuben,  buried 
near  the  ford  below  San 

Juan  Hill,  Cuba 240 

killed     in     action     at     San 

Juan  Hill,   Cuba 254 

Ross,  Captain  Sanderson  A., 
Twenty-ninth  Separate 
Company 84 


PAGE 
Ross,  Captain  Sanderson  A.: 

company   F 86 

military  record  of 118 

mustered  out   118 

Rossville,  Tennessee    134,  135 

Second  Regiment  Infantry, 
New  York  Volunteers, 

marched  to   53 

Rough  Riders,  Roosevelt 192 

196,  218,  259 

also  known  as  First  United 
States  Volunteer  Cav 
alry  216,  218 

excited  curiosity 256 

had  several  losses  in  killed 
and  wounded  on  El  Poso 

Hill,  Cuba    228 

Roumania,  transport   249 

Rouse,      Frank     E.,      died     of 

fever 252 

died    and    buried    at    Mon- 

tauk,  Long  Island 303 

Ruffner,     Captain     Ernest     L., 

assistant   surgeon    80 

Rusk,     Corporal     William     A., 

died  on  board  Missouri 250 

Ryan,  First  Lieutenant  John 
J.,  recommended  to  be  cap 
tain  131 

Ryan,  First  Lieutenant  Nicho 
las  J 130 

Ryan,  Private  William  P.,  in 
jured  58 

SADLER,  CAPTAIN  JOHN  T., 

Thirtieth   Separate   Com 
pany  84,     85 

ordered  to  Elmira  to  re 
ceive  recruits  91 

military  record  of 121 

mustered  out  121 

Sague,   First   Lieutenant   Clar 
ence  21) 

second  lieutenant,  pro 
moted  to  first  lieuten 
ant  28 

Sague,  Major  John  K 24,     25 

captain,  promoted  to  ma 
jor,      First      New      York 

Volunteers 28 

military  record  of 44 

mustered  out   44 

St.  Andrew's   Church,  Harlem, 

New  York 155,  176,  180 

St.    Clare,    Principal    Musician 

Lewis  V.   S 123 

military  record  of 113 

mustered  out   113 

St.  John's  Hospital,  borough  of 
Queens,  Brooklyn,  New 
York 249,  250 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


415 


PAGE 

St.  Luke's  Hospital,  New  York,  248 
St.  Patrick,  The  Friendly  Sons 
of,  presented  colors  to  Sixty- 
ninth      Regiment      Infantry, 

New  York  Volunteers 132 

St.    Paul,     steamer,    American 

Line 21 

St.  Paul's  Church,  London 176 

St.  Peter's  Hospital,  Brooklyn, 

New  York 253 

St.  Thomas 316 

St.  Thomas'  parish,  New  York,  17J 
Sampson,   Commodore   William 

Thomas 210 

his  fleet  bombarding-  Santi 
ago,  Cuba 191 

report   of  Captain   Higgin- 

son  to    306-307 

extract     from     report     of 

Captain   Higginson   to...   310 
Cervera's    ships   attempted 
to    run    the    gauntlet    of 

his  squadron    311 

Sand   Lake,   New  York 74 

San  Francisco,   California 20 

21,  22,  24,  32,  33,  34,  37,  181 

harbor 22 

Sangsters  Cross  Roads,  Vir 
ginia  98 

San  Juan,  Santiago,  Cuba 238 

241,  242,  247,  265 

battle  at 226,  227,  314 

Seventy-first  Regiment  and 
entire  brigade  under 
continuous  fire  on  march 

to » 230 

success  of  engagement  due 
to  regiments,  battalions, 

and  even  companies 232 

battle  of,  a  unique  char 
acter  255 

one  out  of  everj^  four  men 
in  charging  column  at, 

killed  or  wounded 257 

San  Juan  Creek,  Santiago, 
Cuba,  Seventy-first  Regiment 
halted  there,  awaiting  or 
ders  262 

San    Juan    Heights,    Santiago, 

Cuba,  hospital   296 

San       Juan       Hill,       Santiago, 

Cuba    233,  235 

240,  248,  250,  251,  252 
253,  254,  261,  263,  318 
account      of      the      battle 

of 227-240 

list   of   wounded   in   battle 

of 244-246 

brilliant  charge  and  occu 
pation  of  233 


PAGE 

San       Juan       Hill,       Santiago, 
Cuba: 

honor  of  its  capture  lies 
with  Thirteenth,  Sixth, 
Sixteenth  or  Twenty- 
fourth  Regular  Infantry,  233 

honor  of  being  first  at  top 
of  hill  claimed  by  six 
teen  companies  and  six 
regiments,  Fifth  Army 
Corps  .................  255 

accurate  account  of  the 
engagement  of  Seventy- 
first  Regiment  at  ----  256-266 

five    regiments    of    United 
States   troops  in  victori 
ous  charge  up  ...........   264 

San  Mateo,  Philippine  Islands, 
battle  of  ....................   257 

Santiago,  Cuba   ............   61,     62 

150,  200,  206,  208,  209,  212 
213,  217,  219,  220,  223,  224 
225,  233,  246,  247,  248,  249 
250,  251,  252,  253,  256,  259 
267,  268,  269,  276,  282,  285 
288,  296,  314 

yellow  fever  among  troops 
at  ............  !'  ........  63 

Sampson's  fleet  bombard 
ing  ....................  191 

Seventy-first  Regiment 
reaches  ................  207 

Spanish  troops  fled  toward,  215 

Spaniards  retreated  to  en 
trenchments  before  ....  225 

Seventy-first  Regiment  or 
dered  to  march  toward,  226 

a  city  with  natural  fortifi 
cations  .................  227 

Spaniards  had  been  driven 
back  toward  ........  ...  2o8 

surrendered  14  July,  1898..  243 

post-office  re-established 
in  ......................  243 

pilgrims  all  along  Queen's 
Road  journeying  toward,  271 

pauper-stricken  and  starv 
ing  Cubans  journeying 
toward  ................  27.1 

strong  entrenchments  and 
fortifications  built  by 
Spaniards  along  eastern 
end  of  ..................  271 

sketch  of   .................   272 

might  have  been  one  of  the 
cleanest  cities  in  the 
world  ..................  272 

sale  of  liquors  forbidden 
in,  for  three  days  .......  272 

enlisted  men  of  United 
States  troops  forbidden 
to  enter  .  .  273 


416 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


PAGE 

Santiago,   Cuba: 

United  States  officers  on 
dock  at  beseeching-  Red 
Cross  Society  for  food 
and  medicines  for  sick 

soldiers 274 

all  needed  rations  had  to 
be  transported  to  La 

Grande  Duchesse    289 

men   not   paid 293 

city  hospital  296 

destruction       of       Spanish 

fleet  at   311-314 

fighting  before    316 

Santiago  Harbor,  Cuba,  Ad 
miral  Cervera  lost  every  ves 
sel  in  his  command  at  the 

mouth  of   239 

Saratoga,   New  York 73 

Saratoga  Springs,  New  York, 
Twenty-second  Separate 

Company  of  49,     66 

State  Armory    80 

Savannah,  Georgia  166 

Sawyer,     Private     James     H., 

died 29 

Scandia,  United  States  troop 
ship,  hospital  ship 22,  24 

Scanlon,  Sergeant-Major  John 
P.,  recommended  to  be 

second   lieutenant    131 

recommended  to  be  bat 
talion  adjutant  133 

Schaller,  Private  Frank  A., 
wounded  in  action  at  San 

Juan   Hill,   Cuba 244 

Scheid,  Corporal  Henry  J., 
wounded  in  action  at  San 

Juan  Hill,   Cuba 231 

buried  in  trenches  at  Di 
vision  Hospital,  San 

Juan,  Cuba   240 

died  of  wounds  received  in 

action 250 

Schenectady,  New  York,  Thir 
ty-sixth  Separate  Com 
pany  of 49,  73,  79 

Thirty-seventh         Separate 

Company   of    49 

State  Armory  at 81 

Schermerhorn,     Private     Louis 

C.,  injured   58 

Schindel,  S.  J.  Bayard,  lieu 
tenant,  U.  S.  A 185 

Schley,  Admiral  Winfield  Scott,  318 
his    effective    blockade    of 

Havana,   Cuba 191 

Schroter,    August    F.,    died    of 

fever 252 

Schutz,  Gustav  C.,  died  on 
board  La  Grande  Duchesse 
and  buried  at  sea 253,  290 


PAGE 
Schuyler,    Captain    Walter    S., 

U.    S.    A 132,  156,  157 

Fifth  United  States  Cav 
alry,  administered  the 

oath  to  regiment 86 

Schwarte,      First      Lieutenant 

John   A 49 

Schwartz,   Chaplain  Karl 19 

20,  22,  25,     37 
Scidmore,  Private  William  W., 

injured 58 

Scofield,     Private     Sidney     A., 
killed    in    action    at    San 

Juan  Hill,  Cuba 231,  252 

buried  at  edge  of  the 
stream  at  foot  of  El 

Poso  Hill,   Cuba 240 

Scotland 40 

1    Scott,  Major  Walter 19 

20,  22,     24 

lieutenant-colonel 25 

major,  promoted  to  lieu 
tenant-colonel  27 

military   record   of 43 

retired 43 

Searing,     Private     William     J., 

died 70 

Second   Army    Corps 93,     95 

First   Division    94 

Second     Army     Corps,     Second 

Division... I 89,  94,  96,  97,     98 

Second  Battalion,  Second  Regi 
ment 61,  62,  65,  72,     78 

two  deaths   81 

Second  and  Third  Battal 
ions  quartered  in  State 

Armory,   Troy    74 

Second  Battalion,   Third   Regi- 

ment 87,     91 

ordered     out     as     provost 

g'uard   97 

arrived  at  Camp  Meacle...   106 
Second    Battalion,    Sixty-ninth 

Regiment 129 

Second  Battalion,  Seventy-first 

Regiment   235,  236,  278 

encamped  at  top  of  hill  in 

sight  of  Santiago 223 

under  Major  Wells,  de 
tailed  to  build  bridges 

and  improve  roads 241 

ordered  to  march  to  Santi 
ago  and  take  transport 
for  Montauk,  Long  Is 
land  288 

Second        Battery,        National 

Guard,  New  York 46 

j    Second  Brigade  Cavalry 166 

!    Second     Division     Hospital     at 
I        Fernandina,  Florida  68 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


417 


PAGE 

Second  Division,  Second  Army 

Corps...  89,  94,  95,  96,  97,     98 

Third   Army   Corps 133 

Fourth  Army   Corps. . .  66,  134 
Second    Provisional    Regiment, 
or    Second   Regiment    Infan 
try,  New  York  Volunteers..  156 

211 
Second    Regiment    Cavalry,    U. 

S.   A 67 

Second      Regiment      Infantry, 

Georgia  135,  136,  140 

Second  Massachusetts  Volun 
teers...   163,  167,  170,  177,  192 
part  of  Ludlow's  command 

at  El  Caney,  Cuba..  256,  257 
Second      Regiment      Infantry, 

Nebraska 52,     54 

Second  Regiment  Infantry, 
New  York  Volunteers.  (See 
Index  Second  Regiment,  page 
327.) 

Second  Regiment  Infantry, 
Tennessee,  detailed  to  pro 
vost  guard  104 

Second     Regiment,     Volunteer 

Engineers 22,     23 

Second       Separate       Company, 
National       Guard,      New 

York 108,  109 

110,  112,  120,  122,  123,  126 
mustered     out    of     United 

States  service 107 

Second       Separate       Company, 

of  Auburn  84 

became  company  M,  Third 

Regiment 85 

Selfridge,  First  Lieutenant 
Edward  A.,  Jr.,  promoted 

captain 182 

Senate,  United  States 171 

Seneca,   transport   ship 211 

Sequranca,  ship 206,  208,  212 

Seventeenth  Battalion,  Seventh 

Regiment  Cavalry    2 18    i 

Seventh     Regiment     Infantry, 

U.  S.  A 47,  82,  281    ; 

Seventh  Regiment  Infantry, 
National  Guard,  New  York, 

company  H 122 

Seventh  Regiment  Infantry, 
New  York  Volunteers,  com 
pany  K  181 

Seventh     Regiment     Infantry, 

Ohio 104 

Seventh  Separate  Company,  of 

Cohoes 48 

designated  company  B....     46 
Seventy-first  Regiment  Aid  So 
ciety,   Bronx  borough 285 

27 


PAGE 

Seventy-first  Regiment  Infan 
try,  National  Guard,  New 
York.  (See  Index  Seventy- 
first  Regiment,  page  357.) 

Sevilla,  Cuba   216 

218,  220,  230 

Seventy-first  Regiment, 
New  York  Volunteers, 

pitched  camp  at 223 

Spanish  block  house  near 

camp  at   223 

two  corporals  and  several 
privates  of  Tenth  United 
States  Cavalry  interred 

near 223 

representatives  of  promi 
nent  newspapers  and 
journals  of  New  York 

at 226 

sketch     of     road     to     San 

Juan  Hill,  from 227 

Shafter,    General    William    R., 

Fifth  Army  Corps 54 

135,  177,  196,  198 
207,  212,  233,  260 
wished  to  avoid  bombard 
ment  of  Santiago  city...  242 
had      forbidden      sale      of 
liquors  for  three  days  in 

Santiago,   Cuba   272 

directed  by  authorities  at 
Washington  to  remove 
all  troops  to  United 

States 286 

Shafter's  army,  Mindora,  dis 
patch  boat,  carried  first  ac 
count  to  United  States  of 

landing  of   316 

Sharrott,  First  Sergeant  Eu 
gene  L.,  died  of  typhoid 

fever 250 

Shattuck,  Second  Lieutenant 
Algernon  B.,  military 

record  of   118 

mustered  out  118 

Shaw,  Private  Frederick  V.  V., 
wounded  in  action  at  San 

Juan  Hill,  Cuba 244,  247 

Shaw,  Private  John  A 206 

died  of  fever 250 

Shaw,  Governor  Leslie  M.,  vis 
ited  Sixty-ninth  Regi 
ment  141 

addressed  Sixty-ninth  Regi 
ment  142 

Sheafe,  Brigadier-General  Mark 

W 89,  104 

First  Brigade  reviewed  by,     93 
Sheary,     Private     Michael     F., 
commissioned  paymaster 
with  rank  of  major,  United 
States  Volunteers    55 


418 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


PAGE 

Sheehan,  E.  H.,  on  New  York 

Herald  war  staff 316 

Sheehan,  Captain  James  F 26 

Sheffold      (Sheffield),      Private 

Delvert,  injured    58 

Sheffold,  William  A.,  deserted,     70 
Sheppard,   Private   William   B., 
wounded    in    action    at    San 

Juan  Hill,   Cuba 245 

Sherlock,     Private     James     J., 

injured  in  wreck 145 

Sherman,       First       Lieutenant 

Henry  P 48 

Shinnecock,  Long  Island,  lig-ht 

off 290 

Short,   Sergeant  Peter  H.,   Jr., 

appointed  first  lieutenant...   183 
Shoshone       Mountains,        Wy 
oming1  41    | 

Siboney,  Cuba   212,  214 

215,  216,  217,  218,  223 
234,  240,  242,  243,  254 
258,  267,  268,  273,  287 

sketch  of   213 

Seventy-first    Regiment 

landed  at    213,  219 

pitched  camp  at 215 

Quartermaster  Amos  H. 
Stephens  went  to,  for 
tents,  but  was  not  suc 
cessful  226 

United     States     post-office 

opened   at    243    j 

every  wooden  house  burned 
to  ground  on  account  of 

yellow  fever   243 

first    tent    given    to    regi 
ment  by  Y.  M.  C.  A.  army 
commission,  on  vessel  at,  269 
insufficient    lighterage    fa 
cilities  at  271 

wretched   roads   five  miles 

out  from   271 

hospital  at 29,6 

Siebold,  Louis,  of  the  World..  317 

Signal    Corps    230 

United  States  Volunteers..     76 
Simmoria    (Simmons),    Private 

Frederick    C.,    injured 58 

Sing  Sing,  New  York 248 

Sisters  of  St.  Joseph,  building 

of,  turned  into  a  hospital...     69 
Sixteenth    Regiment    Infantry, 

regulars 177 

216,  217,  223,  233,  236,  258    j 
260,  262,  264,  282,  285,  293    j 
ordered      to      proceed      to 
transports         at         Port 

Tampa,  Florida  192 

moved  to  the  right 267 


PAGE 
Sixteenth   Regiment    Infantry, 

regulars: 

band     of,     played     martial 
airs      as      vessel      swung 

into  the  Caribbean 290 

Sixteenth  Separate  Company..     17 
Sixth  Regiment  Cavalry,  U.  S. 

A 67 

Sixth  Regiment  Infantry,  regu 
lars  177,  185 

216,  217,  223,  227,  233 
236,  258,  260,  264,  283 
ordered      to      proceed      to 
transports         at         Port 

Tampa 192 

moved  to  the  right 267 

started    for    Santiago    and 

Montauk 288 

Sixth   Separate    Company,    Na 
tional  Guard,  New  York, 

of  Troy   47,     48 

designated  company  A....     46 
Sixty-fifth  Regiment  Infantry, 
National   Guard,   New   York,  109 

156 
Sixty-fifth   Regiment  Infantry, 

New  York  Volunteers 80 

Sixty-ninth   Regiment.      (See 

page  357.) 

Skelly,  Private  Thomas  J.,  in 
jured  in  wreck 145 

Skinner,      Private      Louis      B., 
killed    in    action  .at    San 

Juan  Hill,  Cuba 231,  248 

buried     at     edge     of     the 
stream     at     foot     of     El 

Poso  Hill,  Cuba 240 

Slater,   Second  Lieutenant  Lu 
cius  J 26 

first  sergeant,  promoted  to 

second   lieutenant    ?8 

Small,  Corporal  Louis  B.,  died 

of  disease    247 

Smith,  Major  Clinton  Hartt...   164 
promoted       lieutenant- 
colonel  182 

lieutenant-colonel 197 

210,  283,  300 
appointed     caterer     to 

officers'  mess   209 

detailed  to  get  horses 

on  shore  218 

down  with  fever 276 

in    command    of    regi 
ment  282 

Smith,     Regimental     Adjutant 

Frank  B 125,  126 

Smith,    Captain    and    Adjutant 
Frank    Eugene,    military 

record  of   109 

mustered  out  109 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


419 


PAGE 

Smith,  Frank  Eugene: 

lirst  lieutenant  and  battal 
ion  adjutant 110 

regimental  adjutant   123 

Smith,  First  Lieutenant  Frank 

G.,  military  record  of...   119 

mustered  out   119 

Smith,          Brigadier-General 

George  Moore    156 

Smith,        Second       Lieutenant 

James  Ezra   22,     25 

Smith,    Captain    Lester    Bord- 
man,        First       Separate 

Company    84,   86,  125 

military  record  of 119 

died 119 

announcement   of   his 

death 124-125 

Smith,  Sommers  N.,  steam  pilot 

boat 316 

Snyder,    Brigadier-General    Si 
mon,  U.  S.  A 54,  134 

Sons    of    the    Revolution    pre 
sent  colors  to  the  First 

Regiment 19 

present  colors  to  the  Third 

Regiment 89,     90 

South  Carolina 216 

South  Dakota  troops 21 

Southern  Express    90 

Southern  Florida  69 

South  Glens  Falls,  New  York,     79 

Southern   Pacific   Railway 21 

Southern  Railroad  53 

88,  96,  133,  134 

Spain 40 

42,  83,  152,  163,  191 
war  between  United  States 

and 153,  305 

reality  of  impending  strug 
gle  with,  realized 161 

all     terms      of      surrender 

merciful  to   244 

its  army  to  be  returned  to, 
only    stipulation    in    sur 
render  of  Santiago,  Cuba,  244 
24,000  Spanish  troops  to  be 
transported       there,       in 

their  own  vessels 268 

had  sued  for  peace 278 

had  agreed  to  all  the 
terms  of  peace  imposed 

by  the  United  States 283 

Seventy-first   Regiment,   in 

war  with    304 

Spanish,   The    217,  218,  219 

brass  bullets  used  by 223 

wounded  at  Las  Guasimas, 
who  died  returning  to 
Santiago,  buried  in 
trench  near  Second  Bat 
talion,  Seventy-first  Regi 
ment  camp  224 


PAGE 
Spanish,  The: 

fired  from  block  houses 
and  entrenchments 230 

sent  shrapnel  flying  in 
every  direction  230 

used  smokeless  powder 230 

had  sharpshooters  in  tall 
cocoanut  trees  along  the 
road 230 

aim  upon  gun  on  El  Poso 
Hill,  very  accurate 228 

army,  made  a  solid  phalanx 
of  troops  from  San  Juan, 
three  miles  to  the  left..  227 

army,  to  be  returned  to 
Spain,  only  stipulation 
in  surrender  of  Santiago,  244 

block  house,  near  camp  at 
Sevilla 223 

colonel,  killed  by  an  ex 
ploded  shell  215 

cruisers,  pursued  by  all 
American  war  vessels 
except  Gloucester  311 

destroyers,  combined  crew 
outnumbered  crew  of 
Gloucester  fifty  per  cent,  311 

entrenchments,  fired  upon 
with  shrapnel  261 

flag',    on    warehouse 306 

flag,  when  lowered  a  rapid 
firing  of  rifles  was  heard,  307 

flag  lowered  and  ours 
hoisted  in  its  place 307 

flag   hauled   down 308 

flag,  first  one  captured  by 
crew  of  the  Gloucester..  309 

fleet 198 

fleet,  Gloucester  waited  for 
two  destroyers  of 311 

fleet,  two  destroyers  of, 
superior  in  artillery  to 
the  Gloucester  311 

fleet,  two  destroyers,  of 
English  construction  and 
up  to  date  in  all  respects,  311 

fleet  at  Santiago,  destruc 
tion  of  311-314 

merchants,  at  Santiago, 
cordially  received  Ameri 
can  soldiers  272 

pilot  on  La  Grande  Duch- 
esse 289 

prisoners,  of  equal  rank, 
exchanged  for  ours 242 

reinforcement,  coming 
from  Yauco,  driven  back 
by  fire  from  Gloucester,  307 

reinforcement  expected 
from  Yauco  308 

ships 198 

ships,  reported  sighted  off 
Massachusetts  coast  .  .  164 


420 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


PAGE 
Spanish,  The: 

ships  appeared   313 

soldiers,  along1  outskirts  of 
Santiago,  receiving  morn 
ing  mess 271 

soldiers,    housed    on    both 
sides  of  street  in  Anda- 
lusian  quarter,  Santiago,  272 
troops,   fled  toward   Santi 
ago,  Cuba 215 

troops,  in  jungle,  attack 
First  United  States  Vol 
unteer  Cavalry  216 

troops,  24,000  to  be  trans 
ported  to  Spain  in  their 

own   vesses    268 

Spanish  War   177,  259 

New     York     organizations 

in 9-12 

newspaper    correspondents 

in 314-318 

enterprise  of  correspond 
ents  in  315-318 

•work  performed  by  news 
papers  during  progress 
of,  unparalleled  in  his 
tory  of  journalism 317 

Spellman,  Major  Michael  J 129 

Spitzel  (Pitzel),  Sergeant  Max, 
wounded    in    action    at    San 

Juan   Hill,  Cuba 244 

Spottsylvania,   Virginia,  battle 

of 220 

Springsteen,   Private   John   V., 

died 30 

Squadron  A 161 

band 163 

furnished  music  for  re 
view  of  troops 160 

Staats,       Captain       Charles 

Bleecker 28 

resigned 27 

Staats,  First  Lieutenant  Harry 

Caleb 20,     25 

second       lieutenant,       pro 
moted  to  first  lieutenant,     28 
Stacey,  Captain  James  George, 

Jr 85 

first  lieutenant,  mustered 
into  United  States  ser 
vice  as  captain 87 

military  record  of 115 

mustered  out  115 

Stacpole,        Lieutenant-Colonel 

Horatio  Potter   19 

20,  22,     24 

major,  appointed  lieuten 
ant-colonel,  First  Regi 
ment  Infantry  18 

colonel 25 

lieutenant-colonel,  promot 
ed  to  colonel,  First  New 
York  Volunteers  .  27 


PAGE 

Stacpole,   Horatio   Potter: 

military  record  of 42 

died 42 

Stafford,  Surgeon  Harry  Eu 
gene  237 

captain,  mustered  into 
United  States  service  as 

surgeon 156 

responded   to   address 180 

weak   from    overwork,  276,  287 
Stafford,    Captain    James,    as 
sistant  surgeon 79 

mustered  into  United 
States  service  as  sur 
geon  156 

on  duty  in  Cuba 247 

detailed  to  serve  with 
Fourth  Regular  Regi 
ment 287 

requested  to  be  returned 
to  Seventy-first  Regi 
ment  287 

Starin's  barges,  used  in  getting 

soldiers  ready  for  camp 291 

State  Armory: 

at  Amsterdam 81 

Glens  Falls    81 

Hoosick  Falls  80 

Mohawk 81 

New  York  city,  Thirty- 
fourth  street  and  Park 

avenue 165,  297 

299,  300,  301,  302,  303,  304 

Saratoga  Springs   80 

Schenectady 81 

Troy 80 

refreshments  served  to 

returning  soldiers  at,     73 
two  battalions,  Second 
Regiment,  New  York, 

quartered  in 74 

Whitehall 81 

State  flags,  necessity  for  bet 
ter  preservation  of 3-4 

Staten  Island,  New  York 19 

State  of  Texas 274 

Red  Cross  steamer,  first  to 
enter  harbor  after  sur 
render  273 

Steele,  Quartermaster-Sergeant 

Albert    M 123 

military  record  of Ill 

mustered  out   Ill 

Stegman,     Henry     R.,     of     the 

New  York  Tribune 169,  226 

Stephens  (Stevens),  Quarter 
master  Amos  H.,  went  to 
Sibone3r  for  tents,  but 

was  not  successful 226 

recuperating     at     Siboney, 

Cuba 243 

made  requisition  for  khaki 
suits  for  regiment 278 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


421 


PAGE 

Stephens     (Stevens),     Quarter 
master  Amos  H.: 
when  he  had  the  facilities, 

did  his  work  well 279 

Sternberg,         Surgeon-General 

George   M 284 

had  first  advised  that 
troops  remain  in  Cuba 
till  fever  had  disap 
peared  287 

decided  to  have  troops  re 
moved  to  Montauk  Point, 

Long  Island    287 

Stevens,     Captain     Frank     L., 

company   M 49 

Stevens        (Stearns),       Private 

John,  transferred  to  band..   114 
Stevenson,     Hospital     Steward 
George     H.,     in     hospital     at 

Santiago,   Cuba    247 

Stickney,  J.  L.,  with  Dewey...   316 
Stoddard,  Captain  Charles  Her 
bert   304 

assigned  sick   192 

in  command  of  200  recruits 
at  Camp  Black,  Hemp- 
stead  Plains  295 

Stoddard,     Henry    L.,     of     the 
Mail     and     Express,     of 

New  York  city 169 

226,  266,  314 

his  account  of  the  engage 
ment  of  Seventy-first 
Regiment  at  San  Juan 

Hill 256-266 

letter  from   314-315 

sketch  of   314 

Story,  Major  John  P.,  U.  S.  A., 
inspected      and      located      a 

camp  at  Averill  Park 71 

Stout,   Musician   Frederick  H., 

transferred  to  band 114 

Strevell,    Lieutenant    Clarence, 

regimental  adjutant 22 

24,     25 
promoted      to      regimental 

adjutant 28 

Sumner,  General  Samuel  S.,  U. 

S.  A 260 

ordered  shrapnel  to  be 
used  instead  of  solid 

shot 261 

Sullivan,  Regimental  Sergeant- 
Major    Daniel    P.,    promoted 

lieutenant 148 

Sullivan,  Lieutenant  Michael..     48 

mustered  in    47 

Sun,    the   newspaper 207,222 

Susquehanna     river,     Pennsyl 
vania  106 

Sweeney,       Private       William, 
died  .  .   148 


PAGE 

Switzerland 40 

Sj^racuse,    New    York,    Forty- 
first  Separate  Company  of..     85 

TALCOTT,  WILLIAM  A.,  JR., 

died  of  fever  and  peritonitis,   254 
Tampa,  Florida...  53,  54,  56,  61,     63 
65,  75,  81,  128,  134,  135 
136,  137,  139,  140,  163,  164 
166,  167,  175,  183,  184,  194 
196,  256,  267,  269,  277,  295 
Second       Regiment,       New 
York  Volunteers  ordered 

to 52 

terrific  thunder  storm  at,  57-58 
Seventy-first  Regiment  or 
dered  to 161,  177 

Tampa  Bay  184 

187,  191,  194,  198,  200,  202 

Tampa  Bay  Hotel,  Florida 184 

Army   Corps   headquarters 

at 178 

Tampa  Camp,  Florida 63,     66 

Tampa  Heights,  Florida 56 

173,  174,  184,  185,  187 
188,  190,  211,  293 
Taylor,     Private     Carlton     W., 

died 29 

Tennessee,     Second     Regiment, 

detailed  to  provost  guard...   104 
Tenth  Battalion,  companies  A, 

B,  C,  D,  of  Albany 17,  18,     42 

Tenth       Regiment,       National 

Guard 42 

Tenth  Regiment  Cavalry,  U.  S. 

A 67 

two  corporals  and  several 
privates  of,  interred  near 

Sevilla,   Cuba    223 

Tenth    Regiment    Infantry,    U. 

S.    A 113,  216 

I    Terry,  First  Lieutenant  David,     28 

resigned 27 

Tettamore,   Assistant   Surgeon 

Frank  L.  R 129 

Thayer,     Private     Charles     L., 

died 63 

Thedford    Ford   Road,    Chieka- 

mauga  battlefield  51 

Third  Army  Corps,  Second  Di 
vision  133 

Third   Division    135,  136 

Third  Artillery,  United  S'tates 

Army 24 

Third  Battalion,  Second  Regi 
ment,  New  York  Volun 
teers 61,  64,  78,  80 

companies  H,  G,  E,  F  mus 
tered  in 46 

mustered     out     of     United 

States  service 81 

fifteen   deaths    81 


422 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


PAGE 

Third  Battalion,  Third  Regi- 
ment,  New  York  Volun 
teers 87,  91,  93,  105 

praised  for  conduct  while 
on  duty  as  provost 

guard 94 

companies   I,   K,   L   and   D 

detailed  for  provost  duty,     95 
on  duty  as  provost  guard,  104 
Third    Battalion,    Seventy-first 

Regiment 235 

led  by  Major  Keck,  among 
first  troops  to  arrive  on 

San  Juan  Hill,  Cuba 234 

companies  B  and  L  or 
dered  to  march  to  Santi 
ago  and  take  transport 
for  Montauk,  Long  Is 
land  288 

Third    Division,    Fourth    Army 

Corps   62,  66,  67,  71,  146 

Third    Division    Hospital,    Fer- 

nandina,  Florida   70,     76 

Third       Regiment       Artillery, 

New  York  Volunteers 107 

Third  Regiment  Cavalry,  U.  S. 

A 67,  303 

Third       Regiment       Infantry, 

U.  S.  A 220 

Third        Regiment        Infantry, 

Missouri   91,  103,  105 

came  into  Camp  Alger....     89 
presented  with  loving  cup 
by  Third  New  York  Regi 
ment  106 

Third        Regiment        Infantry, 

Ohio 67,  135,  136,  140,  146 

Third       Regiment       Infantry, 

Pennsylvania 67,     71 

Third    Separate    Company,    of 

Oneonta 17,     43 

became   company   G,    First 

Regiment 18 

Thirteenth  Battalion,  National 

Guard,  New  York 47,     48 

Third  Brigade,  National  Guard 

of 45 

Thirteenth     Regiment     Infan 
try  194,  233 

made     gallant     charge     on 
block   house    at   extreme 

left 264 

Thirteenth  Regiment  Infantry, 

National   Guard,   New  York,  156 
Thirtieth    Regiment    Infantry, 

Indiana,    company   A 257 

Thirtieth     Separate     Company, 
National       Guard,       New 

York,  of  Elmira 84 

93,  107,  109,  110,  112 
113,  120,  121,  122 


PAGE 

Thirtieth    Separate    Company, 
National      Guard,      New 
York: 
became  company  L,  Third 

Regiment 85 

mustered     out     of     United 

States  service 107 

Thirty-second      Regiment      In 
fantry,  Michigan 66,  67,  135 

Thirty-first  Separate  Company, 

of  Mohawk,  New  York..     49 

designated  company  G 46 

Thirty-second     Separate    Com 
pany,    of   Hoosick   Falls, 

New  York   49 

designated  company  M 46 

Thirty-third      Separate      Com 
pany,    of   Walton 17 

became   company   F,    First 

Regiment 18 

Thirty-fourth     Separate     Com 
pany,  of  Geneva 83 

84,  87,  108,  115 
became   company  B,  Third 

Regiment  .  .   . 85 

mustered     out     of     United 

States   service    107 

Thirty-sixth      Separate      Com 
pany,  of  Schenectady..      ..49 
designated  company  E....     46 
Thirty-seventh    Separate    Com 
pany,  of  Schenectady....     49 
designated   company  F....     46 
Thirty-eighth     Separate     Com 
pany,    National    Guard,    New 

York 116 

Thirty-fourth        street,        New 

York 155,  299,  303 

Thirty-fourth       street       ferry, 

New  York   132 

Thompson,  Private  Charles  H., 

died 30 

Thompson,  Second  Lieutenant 
John  M.,  promoted  first  lieu 
tenant  182 

Thompson,    Second   Lieutenant 

William  Leland   62 

private,     mustered     in     as 

second  lieutenant 59 

commissioned  second  lieu 
tenant,  201st  Regiment, 
New  York  Volunteers...  61 

resigned 61 

Thoroughfare,   Virginia    102 

Thoroughfare    Gap,   Virginia..   104 
105,  106,  124,  125 
Thorp,  Edward  Y.,  died  of  dis 
ease  248 

Thurston,  Dr 274 

Thurston,  Mrs 274 

Tifft,  Captain  DeSolvo  H.,  mili 
tary  record  of  116 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


423 


PAGE 

Tifft,  Captain  De  Solvo  H.: 

mustered  out   116 

Tillinghast,  Adjutant-General 
C.  Whitney,  ordered  regi 
ment  recruited  to  twelve 

companies 128 

Tod,  Commissary  J.  Kennedy, 
formerly  of  Seventy-first 

Regiment 181 

Todd,  Private  Hiram  C.,  ap 
pointed  second  lieutenant, 
202nd  Regiment,  New  York 

Infantry 61 

Tompkins,  Captain  Robert  Ful 
ton  27 

Tonawanda,  New  York 86 

Twenty-fifth      Separate 

Company  of    84 

Towne,   Hospital    Steward    Os 
car  II.  G.,  military  record 

of 112 

died 112 

Townsend,  Captain  Eugene  De 

Kay 176 

Townsend,      First      Lieutenant 

Rufus  Martin   48 

appointed     chief     commis 
sary    of   subsistence 56 

appointed    commissary    of 
subsistence,     United 

States  service 79 

discharged      from      United 

States  service  79 

Tracy  (Tracey),  Private  James, 

died  .  148 

Transports,  order  of  advance 
of  American  transports  from 

Florida  to  Cuba 195 

Treanor      (Trainor),      Captain 

John   Patrick    48,     68 

Tribune,  the  newspaper 226 

Trinity,  rang  its  chimes  as 
Seventy-first  Regiment  pa 
rade  passed  299 

Troops  A  and  C,  acted  as  es 
cort  46 

Troy,  New  York 55,     63 

66,  70,  71,  73,  74 
75,  76,  78,  79,     80 

city  hospital    76,     77 

company  A,  Sixth  Separate 

Company  of    48 

company   C,    twelfth    Sepa 
rate  Company  of 48 

company     D,     Twenty-first 

Separate  Company  of...     48 
State       Armory,       refresh 
ments   served  to   return 
ing   soldiers   at 73 

Trull,  Lieutenant  William  E., 
Jr.,  wounded  in  action  at 
San  Juan  Hill,  Cuba 231,  244 


PAGE 

Tuck,  Hospital  Steward  Alex 
ander  C 123 

military  record  of 112 

mustered  out   112 

Tucker,  First  Lieutenant  Her 
man  Alvin   26 

Tuite,        Second        Lieutenant 

James    J 129 

promoted  captain 147 

Turkey  Creek,   Florida 53 

Twelfth  Battalion,  First  Regi 
ment  Infantry,  New  York 
Volunteers,  Fifth  Sepa 
rate  Company  17,  43 

Fourteenth  Separate  Com 
pany  17,     43 

Fifteenth     Separate     Com 
pany  17,     43 

Sixteenth     Separate     Com 
pany  17,     43 

Twenty-fourth        Separate 

Company 17,     43 

Twelfth     Regiment,     National 

Guard,   New  York 39 

Twelfth     Regiment     Infantry, 

New  York  Volunteers 82 

Twelfth     Regiment     Infantry, 

U.   S.    A 136,  150 

Twelfth  Separate  Company,  of 

Troy 48 

designated  company  C 46 

Twentieth  Regiment  Infantry,  216 
Twentieth   Separate   Company, 

of  Binghamton    17 

became   company   H,   First 

Regiment 18 

i    Twenty-first      Separate      Com 
pany,    of   Troy 47,     48 

designated  company  D....     46 
Twenty-second     Regiment,     of 

New   York    47,     87 

company   E    109,  126 

Twenty-second     Regiment     In 
fantry,  Kansas   89,  92,  105 

Twenty-second  Separate  Com 
pany,  of  Saratoga 

Springs,  New  York 49 

designated  company  L 46 

Twenty-second       street,       New 

York 155 

i    Twenty-third  Regiment  Infan 
try,  'U.   S.  A 216 

Twenty-third  street  ferry,  New 

York 132 

Twenty-fourth  Regiment,  regu 
lars  220 

233,  257,  267 

made     gallant     charge     on 
block   house    at    extreme 

left  at  San  Juan 264 

Twenty-fourth  Separate  Com 
pany,  of  Middletown 17 


424 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


PAGE 

Twenty-fourth    Separate   Com 
pany: 
became    company    I,    First 

Regiment 18 

Twenty-fifth     Separate     Com 
pany,   of  Tonawanda. . . .     84 
112,  118,  119 
became  company  G,  Third 

Regiment 86 

mustered     out     of     United 

States  service 107 

Twenty-ninth     Separate     Com 
pany,  of  Medina 84 

93,  108,  117,  118 
became  company  F,  Third 

Regiment 86 

mustered     out     of     United 

States  service 107 

Two  Hundred  and  First  Regi 
ment     Infantry,     New     York 

Volunteers 60,     61 

Two  Hundred  and  Second  Regi 
ment    Infantry,     New    York 

Volunteers 27 

60,  61,  80,  82,  93,  109 
Two  Hundred  and  Third  Regi 
ment    Infantry,     New     York 
Volunteers 66,  115 

UNION  PACIFIC  RAILROAD. .     20 

United  States   41,     83 

128,  154,  155,  158,  174,  304 

Adjutant-General 32 

33,  34,     39 
all     terms     of     surrender 

favorable  to   244 

annexation    ceremonies    of 
transfer      of      Hawaiian 

Islands  to    23 

Army 33,  34,     36 

111,  132,  157,  158,  194 
216,  220,  256,  267,  284 
engages  in  its  first  bat 
tle  on  Cuban  soil  at 

Las  Guasimas 216 

Engineer  Corps  230 

First  Artillery..  39,  40,     42 

Third  Artillery   24 

Fifth  Artillery    107 

First  Cavalry  151 

Fifth  Cavalry 86 

Eighth  Cavalry  113 

First  Regiment  Cav 
alry,  commonly 
known  as  Roosevelt 

Rough   Riders    216 

217,  218,  228 
encountered        Spanish 

troops  in  the  jungle,  216 
Third       Regiment       of 

Cavalry 303 

Fifth  Infantry  113 


PAGE 

United  States: 
Army: 

Seventh  Infantry   47 

Tenth  Infantry 113 

Twelfth    Infantry,  136,  150 
Fourth     Regiment     In 
fantry,  regulars   287 

Sixth  Regiment  Infan 
try,  regulars 177,  185 

217,  223,  227,  236 
258,  260,  264,  282 
ordered  to  proceed 
to    transports    at 
Port     Tampa, 

Florida 192 

moved  to  the  right 

at  San  Juan 267 

Ninth  Regiment  Infan 
try,  regulars  264 

Thirteenth  Regiment 
Infantry,  regulars, 
made  gallant  charge 
on  block  house  at 

extreme  left  264 

Sixteenth  Regiment  In 
fantry,    regulars,  177 
217,  223,  236,  258,  260 
264,  282,  285,  293 
ordered  to  proceed 
to.   transports   at 
Port  Tampa,  Flor 
ida  192 

moved  to  the  right 

at  San  Juan 267 

band  of,  played 
martial  airs  as 
transport  swung 
into  the  Carib 
bean 290 

Twenty-fourth        Regi 
ment       Infantry, 

regulars 267 

made  gallant  charge 
on  block  house  at 

extreme  left 264 

Hospital  Corps    70 

United  States  authorities 273 

at  Washington,  directed 
General  Shafter  to  re 
move  all  troops  to 286 

United  States  Cavalry  service,  178 
United    States    generals,    sent 
letter  to  government  urging 
the  return  of  troops  to  their 

homes  in  the  States 287 

United       States       Government, 

transport  ship   199 

United  States  marines  had 
successful  scrimmage  with 
Spaniards  at  Guantanamo, 
Cuba 216 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


425 


PAGE 

United  States  Military  Acad 
emy  39 

40,  41,  42,  43,  109,  175 
216,  220,  256,  259 
United     States,    Mindora,    dis 
patch  boat,  carried  first  ac 
count  to,  of  landing  of  Shatt 
er's  army 316 

United   States  Navy 218 

United  States  Postmaster,  of 
Cuba,  Mr.  Brewer,  died  of 

yellow  fever  243 

United         States        post-office, 

opened  at  Siboney,  Cuba 243 

United  States  Regulars,  made 
their  wants  known  and  re 
ceived  all  kinds  of  delicacies,  294  ! 

United  States  Senate 171,  181 

service 42 

55,  76,  79,  80,  81,  82,     86 
111,  112,  113,  114,  115,  116 
117,  118,  119,  120,  121,  122 
123,  125,  126,  132,  153,  156 
157,  178,  188,  302 
United  States  Troops,  returned 
the     fire     with     heaviest 
musketry    fire    of    whole 

engagement 239 

lay  in  trenches,   expecting 

an  attack  240 

yellow  fever  made  its  ap 
pearance  among  243 

first  shot  from  their  can 
non  fired  at  San  Juan 

without  effect   260 

and  volunteers  mixed,  in 
charge  up  San  Juan  Hill, 

Cuba 264 

five  regiments  in  victorious 
charge  up  San  Juan  Hill, 

Cuba 264 

swamp  fever  began  to  de 
velop  among  those  at  the 

front 268 

enlisted  men  of,  forbidden 

to  enter  Santiago,  Cuba,  273 
only    such    officers    as    had 
a  pass  allowed  to   enter 

Santiago,  Cuba    273 

so  many  deaths  among, 
that  customary  salutes 
at  the  graves  were  or 
dered  not  to  be  fired 275 

brought  water  in  canteens 
from  a  stream  a  mile 

and  a  half  distant 276 

who  went  ashore  at  Guan- 

ica,   attacked    307 

United  States  vessels 197 

United  States  Volunteer  Army,     45 
160,  304,  305 


PAGE 

United  States  Volunteers 33 

34,  39,  42,  45,     55 
62,  78,  114,  122 

First  Engineers   52 

55,  56,     62 

service 79 

Signal  Corps 76 

United     States,     war    between 

Spain  and 153,  305 

Ute  expedition 44 

Utica,    Forty-fourth    Separate 
Company  of   17 


VALENTINE,  PRIVATE  WIL 
LIAM  S.,  company  C., 
•wounded  in  action  at  San 

Juan  Hill,  Cuba 244 

Van    Deusen,   Private    Wright, 

company  D 59 

Van  De  Water,  Chaplain  George 

Roe 153 

158,  160,  161,  166,  167,  172 
173,  174,  176,  178,  183,  184 
189,  190,  191,  205,  206,  212 
217,  222,  227,  228,  238,  239 
240,  247,  269,  314,  315 
detailed  to  prepare  itiner 
ary  of  regiment 152 

offers     prayer    for    Divine 

protection 155 

detailed  to   act  as  caterer 

to  officers'  mess 160 

went  to  Tampa  for  medical 

supplies 178 

telegraphs  to  friends  for 
delicacies  for  the  sick...  179 

responded   to   address 181 

relieved  of  duties  as  ca 
terer  209 

his  successful  landing 214 

impressive  evening  service,  221 
memorable  Sunday  service 
with       assembled       regi 
ment  221,  222 

ordered  by  colonel  to  take 

his  place  with  surgeons,  231 
detailed  to  Siboney  to  look 
after    transportation    of 
wounded  men    ..........  242 

assigned  to  duty  at  Sib 
oney,  Cuba 268 

his  wardrobe  well  depleted,  270 

with    Messrs.    Barrett   and 

Brittain,  started  on  foot 

for   Santiago  to  procure 

provisions  and  medicines 

for  the  sick 270 

secured  from  Red  Cross 
Society,  milk  and  rice 
for  the  sick. .  .  280 


426 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


PAGE 

\Tan  De  Water,  Chaplain  George 

Roe: 

invited  to  officiate  at  the 
funeral  of  a  Seventh 
Regiment  regular,  pri 
vate  281 

divine  service  in  Young 
Men's  Christian  Associa 
tion  tent 288 

assisted  by  Chaplain  Bate- 
man  in  church  service 

for  burial  at  sea 290 

detailed  by  Colonel  Downs 
to  secure  food  from  Red 

Cross  Society  292 

offered  his  services  at  Gen 
eral  Hospital  293 

given  thirty  days'  leave  of 
absence  by  General 

Wheeler 295 

Van  Gaasbeck,  Sergeant  Wal 
ter  E.,  died 30 

Van    Keuren,    Private    George, 

died 30 

Vaughan,  Private  Michael,  in 
jured  in  wreck 145 

Veteran  Association,  Seventy- 
first  Regimental  Infan 
try,  National  Guard, 

New  York    180,  188 

committee  of,  greeted  Sev 
enty-first  Regiment  at 

Long  Island  City 297 

"  Vigilancia,"  transport   ship..   152 
184,  198,  199,  200,  207,  212 
213,  218,  246,  277,  281,  305 
selected  by  Colonel  Downs 
to      transport      Seventy- 
first    Regiment   to    Cuba,  197 

Virginia 102,  104 

Volunteer  Army 155,  156,  158 

Engineers,  Second  Regi 
ment  22,  23 

Von     Ette,     Arthur,     died     on 

board  "  Missouri,"  at  sea 252 

Vossler,  Captain  Wilbur 26 

lieutenant,    promoted    28 

Vunk,  Captain  Darwin  E 49 

WADE,  MAJOR=GENERAL 
JAMES  F.,  First  Army 
Corps 52 

Wager,  Quartermaster-Ser 
geant  Chester  G 47 

Wagner  (Wadner),  William 
(Christian  F.  W.),  enlisted..  114 

Wagstaff,  Mrs.  Walter  H.,  New 
York 180 

Waielae,  Hawaiian  Islands 23 

Waielae  Beach,  Hawaiian  Is 
lands  34 


PAGE 

I  Wainwright,  Lieutenant-Com 
mander  Richard,  of 
Gloucester,  asked  per 
mission  to  enter  Harbor 

of  Guanica    306 

complimented  for  his  work 

by  General  Miles 307 

his    official   report    on    the 

capture   of   Guanica,  307,  308 
Lieutenant    Huse's    report 
of  the  capture  of  Guan 
ica,  to  308,  309 

surprise  of  Guanica  a  com 
plete  success    ,...  300 

his  contempt  for  mines  and 
and  torpedoes  worthy  of 

Farragut 309 

his  modesty  in  account  of 

capture  of  Guanica 309 

presented       Spanish       flag 
captured    at    Guanica    to 

Lieutenant   Huse    309 

commended     for     his     gal 
lantry  and  daring 310 

collected    all    the    lighters 

in   Guanica  Harbor 310 

his  report  on  the  Santiago 

fight 311,  312 

wonderful  escape  of  Glou 
cester  at  Santiago  fight,  313 
I    Wales,      Private      Edward     D., 

company  A,  injured 58 

i  Walker,  Private  Le  Roy  E., 
company  E>,  transferred  to 
Hospital  Corps,  United 

States    Army    70 

Wallace,    George   Ernest,   com 
pany  1 28 

second        lieutenant,        re 
signed  27 

Walsh,  William  J.,   died  of  fe 
ver 249 

|  Walton,  Samuel  J.,  died  of  dis 
ease  248 

Walton,  Thirty-third   Separate 

Company 17 

i    Wands,  Private  Robert,  died..     29 

I    War,    Articles    of 189 

!    War,  Secretary  of 32 

33,   55,  61,     70 

I    War  Department 34,  36,     40 

51,  66,  71,  78,  79,  87,  91,  140 
Investigating    Commission, 
inspected  camp  of  Sixty- 
ninth  Regiment 151 

i    Ward,     Lieutenant     Philip     R., 

Fifth  Artillery,  U.  S.  A 76 

Wardell,  Private  Fred,  died 30 

j    W  a  r  d  1  a  w,       Sergeant-Major 

George  A 123 

military  record  of Ill 

mustered  out   Ill 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


427 


PAGE 

Ward  Line   163,  197 

Wardman,  Ervin,  of  the  Press,  318 
Warren,  Private  Eugene,  com 
pany   A 55 

Warrentown,    Virginia,    gener 
osity  of  citizens  of 104 

Washington,   D.   C 32 

33,  34,  36,  39,  40,  51,     62 

64,  72,  88,  93,  104,  166 

167,  295 

authorities  at,  directed 
General  Shafter  to  re 
move  all  troops  to  United 

States 286 

Garfield  Hospital,  at 105 

General  Hospital  for  In 
sane,  at  76 

Washington    Arch,    New   York 
city,        Seventy-first        Regi- 

mental  parade  began  at 299 

Washington's  Sword  and  Fred 
erick  the  Great,  history  of,  5,  9 

Watch  Hill,  Rhode  Island 254 

Watertown,  New  York 249 

Watson,     Private     Harry     S., 
wounded    in    action    at    San 

Juan  Hill,   Cuba 244 

Watson,    Private    Worden    A., 

discharged    70 

Watt,     Mrs.     Archibald,     New 

York 180 

Wauhatchie,  Tennessee   175 

Waverly  Place,  New  York  city,  298 
Weber,       Second       Lieutenant 
Henry   H.,    military   rec 
ord  of    120 

mustered  out  120 

Webster,  Second  Lieutenant 
Horace,  appointed  sec 
ond  lieutenant  115 

military  record  of 115 

resigned 115 

Weeks,      Private     Charles     J., 
\vounded    in    action    at    San 

Juan  Hill,  Cuba 245 

Weller,  Private  Alfred  C.,  died,     30 
Wells,    Second    Lieutenant   Al 
bert  49 

Wells,     Private     Granville     I., 

died 30 

Wells,  Captain  James  Hollis, 
superintended  the  laying 
of  water  pipes  at  Camp 

Black 162 

promoted    major    182 

major 223 

his  report  of  action  at  San 

Juan    Hill,    Cuba 236,  237 

detailed  to  build  bridges 
and  improve  roads 241 


PAGE 

i    Wendland,    Emil,    died    of    ty 
phoid  fever   249 

Wescott  (Westcott),  Alfred  A., 

transferred  to  band 114 

West,  Private  Tracy  E.,  died..     68 

Westburg,  New  York 254 

Westerberg,  Private  Leonard, 
wounded  in  action  at  San 

Juan  Hill,  Cuba 245 

West  Indies 184 

West  Point  Military  Academy,     39 
41,  42,  43,  109,  175 
216,  220,  256,  259 
Wetherbee        (Gardner)        and 
Hawk,  Messrs.,  dinner  to  offi 
cers    of    Seventy-first    Regi 
ment  303 

Weyman,       First       Lieutenant 

Frederick  H 183 

appointed    battalion    adju 
tant  182 

Weyler,    General    Don    Valeri- 

ano  y  Nicolau 214 

Whalen,  Private  John  J 65 

Wheeler,  General  Joseph,  U.  S. 

A 149,  151,  295 

rallied  cavalry  troops 220 

Wheeler,     Private     Oscar     R., 

died 29 

Wheeling,  West  Virginia 132 

Wheelock,      First      Lieutenant 

William  F 25 

White,   Second  Lieutenant  Ed 
ward   J 48 

mustered   in   as   first   lieu 
tenant  59 

White,   Hubbard   W.,   company 

A,  died  of  yellow  fever 247 

Whitehall,  North  Carolina 108 

Whitehall,    New    York,    Ninth 

Separate  Company  of...     49 

State   Armory  at 81 

Whitehall     street,     New    York 

city 298 

Whittle,   Captain  John  Henry, 

promoted  major   182 

detailed    to    build    bridges 

and  improve  roads 241 

Williams,       First       Lieutenant 

Alexander   Scott 186 

194,  237 
Williams,    Edgar    E.,    died    of 

fever 249 

Williams,     Private     James     T., 

died  of  yellow  fever 253,  281 

Williams,    Colonel    William    F., 

First  Florida   135 

Williamson,  Private  Esek  B., 
appointed  second  lieutenant, 
201st  Regiment,  New  York 
Volunteers 60 


428 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


PAGE 

Wilson  and  Brown  Infirmary..  143 
Wilson,  First  Lieutenant  John 
S.,  appointed  assistant 
surgeon  Second  Regi 
ment,  New  York  Volun 
teers  47 

resigned  to  accept  position 
of  surgeon,  Twenty-sec 
ond  Regiment  47 

Wilson,    W.    O.,    artist    at    the 

front 316 

Wilson,     Private     Warren     P., 

company  K,  died 75 

Wilson,  Captain  William,  Thir 
ty-fourth  Separate  Com 
pany  38,  84 

major 87,  97,  123 

military  record  of 108 

mustered  out  108 

Windward  Passage   206 

Winthrop,  Lieutenant  and  Regi 
ment    Quartermaster    Bron- 

son 21,  23,  24,     25 

Witherstine,    Captain    Horatio 

p 49 

Wolf  Run  Shoals,  Virginia 98 

Wolters,    Musician    Frederick, 
Jr.,  wounded  in  action  at  San 

Juan  Hill,   Cuba 245 

Women's    Aid    Society,    served 

refreshments  to   troops 302 

Women's    Relief    Corps   served 

refreshments  to  the  men...   104 
Wood,     Major,     Division     Sur 
geon  289 

Wood,  First  Lieutenant  Frank 
lin  Thomas  26 

promoted 28 

Wood,  Colonel  Leonard 192 

216,  260 

false  report  of  his  death..  218 
acting     as     brigadier-gen 
eral  228 

Wood,    Lieutenant    T.    C.,    left 

on  shore  with  Colt  gun,  307 
309 

conduct  commended 309 

and  Lieutenant  Huse  low 
ered  Spanish  flag  and 

hoisted  ours  307 

Wood,  First  Lieutenant  Walter 

A.,  Jr 49 

appointed  commissary  ....     52 

on  ten  days'  sick  leave 66 

Woodbeck,       Private      Burton, 

died 30 

Woodcock,  Corporal  Samuel  C., 

died 79 

Woodford,  General  Stewart  L.,  153 
Woodward,    "First     Lieutenant 

Christopher  H.  R 129 


PAGE 

Woodward,     First     Lieutenant 

Christopher  H.   R.: 
resigned 150 

World,  The,  New  York  news 
paper  281 

Worthing,      First      Lieutenant 
Harry  P   26 

Wright,  Sergeant  Nicholas,  in 
jured  in  wreck 145 

Wright,    Lieutenant    Sylvester 
W.,  not  mustered  in 47 

Wylie,  Sergeant  John  L.,  died,     75 

"  YANKEE,"  cruiser   176 

Yates,  Major  Austin  A..  60,  72,     78 

mustered  in    46 

commanding  Fifteenth 
Battalion,  National 

Guard 47,     49 

left    Tampa    on    recruiting 

service 56 

mustered     out     of     United 

States   service    81 

Yates  Ford,  Virginia 99 

Yattan       (Yattau),       Musician 

Frank  A 114 

Yauco,  Spanish  reinforcements 
coming  from,  driven  back  by 

fire  from  Gloucester 307,  308 

Ybor  City,  Florida,  Cuban  set 
tlement  183 

184,  185,  188,  193,  194 
Yellow    fever,    called    "  Calen- 
tura,"  Bangui,  or  Cuban  fe 
ver  276 

Yellow  Fever  Hospital 281 

Yellowstone  Park,  Wyoming..     41 
Young  Men's  Christian  Associ 
ation  284 

Army  Commission,  its 
small  tent  used  as  hos 
pital  for  regiment 269 

divine  service  and  social 
gatherings  of  regiment 

held  in  its  large  tent 269 

represented  by  Charles  F. 
Barrett  and  Charles  A. 

Brittain 269 

distributed  over  20,000 
sheets  of  paper  and 

10,000  envelopes    270 

Young   Men's    Christian    Asso 
ciation     Army     Commis 
sion,  headquarters   of...  283 
large       tent       given       by, 
brought  out  and  erected 
for  use  of  enlisted  men,  282 
tent  given  to  Seventy-first 
Regiment      Infantry, 
New      York      Volun 
teers  174 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


429 


PAGE 

Young   Men's    Christian   Asso 
ciation: 
tent: 

divine  services  held  in, 
by       Chaplain       Van 

De   Water    288 

270,  286 

Yonkers,  New  York 247 

Yorktown,   Virginia    40 

Young,  Minister   38 

Young  farm,  Pennsylvania ....   106 
Young,  Brigadier-General  Sam 
uel  B.  M.,  United  States 

Army 166 

his  brigade  of  cavalry.....  218 
disabled   in    Las   Guasimas 

action 228 

Young,  Private  Thomas,  died..   148 
Young,    Color   Bearer   William 

B.,  military  record  of...  113 
mustered  out  113 


PAGE 

Young,  Sergeant  William  D.  S.,  283 
died  of  mountain  fever,  249,  280 
buried    west    of    entrench 
ments      near      Santiago, 

Cuba 280 

Youngs,  Sergeant  George  B., 
wounded  in  action  at  San 

Juan  Hill,   Cuba 244 

Youngs,  Private  Lewis  B., 
wounded  in  action  at  San 
Juan  Hill,  Cuba 244 


ZIEGNER,  SERGEANT  HER 
MAN,  died  of  fever 249 

Zitnik,  Private  Henry  W., 
wounded  in  action  at  San 
Juan  Hill,  Cuba 244 

Zogbaum,  Rufus  F.,  artist 318 

Zoller,  Frank  H.,  died  of  inter 
mittent  fever  .  .  251 


THE  END. 


MY  MEMOIRS 

OF  THE 


Military  History  of  the  State  of  New  York 


DURING  THE 

KOR  THK  UNION,  1861-65 


BY 

SIIvAS  W.  BUR.T 

Former  Assistant  Inspector  General,  National  Guard,  State  of  New  York. 

EDITED   BY  THE   STATE   HISTORIAN,    AND    ISSUED   AS   WAR  OF 
REBELLION  SERIES— BULLETIN,  No.  1. 


PREFACE. 


WHILE  serving  in  the  military  establishment  of  the  State 
of  New  York  during  the  war  of  1861-65  and  later — 
in  all  about  eight  years — I  kept  occasional  notes  of  such  events 
and  transactions  as  I  had  any  connection  or  acquaintance  with, 
and  copies  of  printed  reports  and  other  literature  pertaining  to 
military  matters.  I  had  then  no  formulated  purpose  as  to  the 
future  use  for  these  data. 

After  the  war  ended  I  frequently  urged  upon  Governor  Morgan 
the  preparation  by  some  competent  literary  man  of  an  account  of 
the  remarkable  military  accomplishment  by  the  State  of  New  York, 
during  his  second  administration  in  1861-62;  saying  that,  both  from 
a  public  and  a  personal  view,  he  could  well  afford  to  pay  liberally 
for  such  a  permanent  record.  I  think  he  did  engage  Dr.  Cornelius 
R.  Agnew  of  this  city,  who  had  been  a  member  o£  his  staff  in 
1859-60,  to  prepare  such  an  account,  but  for  some  reason  it  was 
never  done,  nor  was  I  ever  called  upon  for  my  data,  which  I  had 
placed  at  the  Governor's  disposal. 

Unfortunately  the  greater  part  of  my  diaries,  memoranda  and 
other  papers  were  lost  in  the  fire  that  destroyed  the  Morrill  Storage 
Warehouse  in  this  city  in  October,  1881.  This  loss  and  the  death 
of  Governor  Morgan  in  the  spring  of  1883  f°r  a  while  put  the 
matter  out  of  my  mind.  Three  years  later,  having  collected  some 
material  but  with  a  larger  dependence  on  my  memory,  I  began  to 
write  my  memoirs  of  the  relation  of  the  State  to  the  whole  war 
and  had  concluded  the  part  covered  by  Governor  Morgan's  admin- 


4  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

istration  when  other  more  urgent  matters  diverted  my  attention 
and  the  subsequent  misplacement  of  the  manuscript,  etc.,  wholly 
arrested  my  completion  of  the  work.  The  recent  recovery  of  the 
manuscript  and  its  acceptance  by  Mr.  Hastings,  State  Historian, 
for  incorporation  in  his  annual  report  will  preserve  some  aspects  of 
an  important  part  of  the  history  of  our  State.  In  revising  it  now 
I  have  added  a  few  notes  and  appendices  regarding  matters  of  inter 
est  that  have  recently  occurred  to  me.  These  memoirs  make  no 
pretention  to  literary  merit,  and  the  desultory  manner  in  which  they 
were  prepared  has  bred  some  repetitions  that  seemed  necessary  to 
illustrate  topics  in  hand,  but  I  trust  they  may  furnish  some  material 
to  the  future  historian  who  shall  tell  in  fullness  and  in  fitting  phrase 
the  glorious  story  of  how  the  Empire  State  met  a  great  crisis  in  the 
fate  of  the  Nation. 

As  in  most  of  the  events  and  transactions  mentioned  I  had  a  part, 
their  recital  may  have  a  personal  or  even  egotistical  flavor,  but  this 
I  assume  is  so  natural  or  incidental  to  such  memoirs  as  not  to  require 
apology. 

I  cannot  determine  whether  I  shall  be  able  to  continue  the 
memoirs  to  the  close  of  the  war.  The  later  period  is  not  so  impor 
tant  or  interesting,  except  as  to  the  draft  riots  of  July,  1863,  and  to 
the  extraordinary  and  excessive  expenditures  of  bounties  to  fill 
quotas  of  localities  or  furnish  substitutes  for  drafted  men.  Very 
few  regimental  or  other  organizations  were  begun  or  completed 
during  this  later  period  and  most  of  the  enlistments  were  for  the 
recruitment  of  regiments  in  the  field. 

It  is  a  somewhat  melancholy  thought  that  I  am  the  sole  survivor 
of  those  who  served  on  Governor  Morgan's  "  War  "  Staff;  I  am 
however  becoming  used  to  finding  myself  "  the  last  leaf ",  that 

Holmes  depicts,  on  quite  a  grove  of  trees. 

S.  W.  B. 
NEW  YORK  CITY,  April  25,  1902. 


INTRODUCTORY. 


AS  these  memoirs  are  necessarily  personal  to  some  extent,  I 
will  give  a  very  brief  account  of  how,  without  any  previous 
military  training  or  connection,  I  became  absorbed  in  that  branch 
of  the  New  York  State  service  for  nearly  eight  years  and  during 
the  most  critical  period  of  our  national  history. 

The  project  of  a  trans-continental  railroad,  first  actively  pressed 
by  a  Mr.  Whitney,  had  in  1858-9  gained  such  strength  in  Congress 
as  to  make  its  early  prosecution  seem  imminent.  As  a  consequence, 
and  at  the  instance  of  Mr.  Horace  Greeley,  I  spent  a  large  portion 
of  the  year  1860  in  that  part  of  the  Rocky  Mountain  region  then 
popularly  known  as  "  Pike's  Peak,"  though  extending  a  hundred 
miles  north  of  it.  It  was  my  idea  that  I  could  so  acquaint  myself 
with  the  larger  topographical  features  of  that  region,  which  seemed 
to  present  the  most  formidable  obstacle  to  the  railway,  as  to  make 
my  engagement  as  locating  engineer  probable,  if  not  indispensable, 
when  the  work  began.  Mr.  Greeley  in  October  wrote  me  that  the 
coming  Presidential  election  and  the  conditions  of  popular  feeling, 
North  and  South,  would  indefinitely  postpone  the  railroad  scheme. 
We  therefore  returned  to  my  father's  house  in  Kinderhook,  N.  Y., 
about  January  I,  1861.  I  was  without  employment  and  very  anx 
ious  to  obtain  some  business  engagement,  but  the  threatening 
attitude  of  the  Southern  States  and  the  consequent  business  dis 
tractions  and  paralysis  were  insuperable  impediments. 


6  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

On  the  1 6th  of  February  the  New  York  State  Legislature  had 
appropriated  the  sum  of  $50,000  for  the  relief  of  the  people  of  Kan 
sas  Territory  suffering  from  the  great  drought  of  the  previous  year 
and  my  father  had  been  selected  as  the  agent  to  dispense  this 
bounty.  This  task  he  completed  in  March  and  was  settling  his 
accounts  with  Comptroller  Denniston  at  Albany,  when,  on  April 
1 6th,  the  law  was  enacted,  appropriating  $3,000,000  for  the  organi 
zation  and  equipment  of  volunteers  to  aid  in  repressing  the  rebellion. 
My  father  was  requested  to  aid  in  auditing  the  accounts  for  expendi 
tures  under  this  act. 

In  the  meantime  I  remained  at  Kinderhook,  my  impatience  with 
lack  of  work,  being  mitigated  by  some  temporary  employment  and 
by  that  absorbing  interest  in  the  great  national  drama  that  held 
every  one's  attention  more  or  less.  Perceiving  that  the  immediate 
field  of  the  contest  would  be  in  Virginia,  I  cast  about  for  a  good 
map  of  that  State  on  such  a  scale  as  would  give  a  clear  idea  of  mili 
tary  positions  and  movements,  but  could  find  none  in  the  village. 
In  the  pursuit  of  my  profession  as  a  civil  engineer  I  had  collected 
many  railroad  and  other  maps,  and  fortunately  had  a  series  of  the 
U.  S.  Coast  Survey  reports,  containing  charts  of  the  Chesapeake 
Bay  and  other  Virginia  and  Maryland  waters,  and  of  the  rivers  flow 
ing  into  them.  I  was  thus  enabled  to  construct  a  map  on  a  scale 
of  eight  miles  to  the  inch,  permitting  the  representation  of  such 
topographical  details  as  were  known  to  me.  On  one  of  his  visits 
home  my  father  insisted  on  taking  this  map  to  Albany,  and  he 
showed  it  to  the  Inspector  General,  Marsena  R.  Patrick,  a  former 
officer  of  the  regular  army,  who  took  it  to  Governor  Morgan  and 
asked  permission  to  appoint  me  as  a  clerk  in  his  office,  saying  that 
while  I  would  not  be  needed  for  map-making  he  believed  that  my 
education  and  experience  would  be  very  useful  in  the  work  of 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  7 

organizing  and  equipping  troops.  The  result  was  my  appointment 
as  a  clerk  in  the  Inspector  General's  office  at  a  salary  of  one  thou 
sand  dollars  a  year. 

I  repaired  to  Albany  to  report  for  duty  on  Monday,  May  27th, 
and  found  the  city  in  great  excitement  on  account  of  the  funeral 
services  of  Col.  Elmer  E.  Ellsworth  of  the  nth  N.  Y.  S.  Vol.  Infan 
try,  assassinated  at  Alexandria,  Va.,  on  the  previous  Friday,  and 
whose  body  was  then  en  route  to  Saratoga  County  to  be  interred 
there. 

I  was  very  kindly  received  by  General  Patrick  and  began  my 
service  in  the  State  military  department,  little  thinking  that  it  would 
continue  for  nearly  eight  years,  and  was  also  the  beginning  of  a  long 
term  in  the  public  service  extending  to  this  date. 

SILAS  W.  BURT. 
APRIL  25,  1887. 


No.  J. 
FIRST  LEVY— APRIL  J5  TO  JUNE  30,  J86J, 


IN  the  history  of  the  great  rebellion  of  1861  no  incident  has  been 
more  dwelt  upon  than  the  absolutely  unprepared  condition  of 
the  Free  States  to  meet  the  shock.  There  had  been  for  many  years 
premonitions  of  the  great  revolt,  but  successive  compromises  had 
relieved  the  situation,  and  the  public  mind  at  the  North  had  finally 
concluded  that  despite  the  outcry  there  was  no  wolf  across  the  bor 
der.  The  Federal  army  was  insignificant  in  numbers  and  whether 
by  chance  or  design,  its  largest  collected  force  was  in  Texas  and 
so  early  as  February  i8th  was  treacherously  surrendered  to  the 
rebel  forces  by  General  David  E.  Twiggs,  its  commanding  officer, 
and  was  released  only  upon  a  parole  that  disarmed  many  loyal  offi 
cers  at  a  time  when  they  were  sorely  needed.  By  evident  design 
the  greater  part  of  the  small  arms  and  munitions  of  war  had  been 
transferred  to  Southern  arsenals  before  actual  hostilities  were  begun. 
Very  few  of  the  Free  States  had  an  organized  militia  and  where 
there  was  any  such  organization  it  was  very  feeble  compared  with 
the  great  mass  of  population.  The  Adjutant  General  of  the  Army 
reported  on  the  ist  of  January,  1861,  that  the  enrolled  militia  in  the 
Free  States  (excepting  Iowa  and  Oregon,  from  which  there  were 
no  returns)  comprised  2,197,236  men,*  but  of  this  formidable  army 
on  paper,  not  over  one  per  cent  was  in  any  respect  efficient  for  mili 
tary  purposes.  The  return  from  New  York  was  418,846,  but  not 

*  Army  Register  for  1861,  p.  39 


io  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

more  than  15,000  of  this  number  were  uniformed  and  drilled  and 
this  State  was  in  this  respect  far  in  advance  of  any  other. 

Directly  after  the  war  of  1812-15  with  Great  Britain,  the  New 
York  militia  was  organized  upon  a  very  pretentious  plan  which 
contemplated  the  annual  muster  and  instruction  of  the  whole  arms- 
bearing  population.  But  gradually  as  public  interest  abated,  there 
crept  in  exemptions  and  commutations  and  such  a  perfunctory 
observance  of  the  law  as  became  farcical  and  indeed  injurious  to 
the  public  interests.  The  military  allegiance  of  the  citizens  is  the 
very  cornerstone  of  the  republic  and  in  the  words  of  the  Federal 
Constitution  "  a  well  regulated  militia  "  is  "  necessary  to  the  security 
of  a  free  state  ".  This  political  canon  had  been  some  fifteen  years 
earlier  more  positively  enunciated  in  the  fortieth  article  of  the  first 
constitution  of  the  State  of  New  York,  where  after  stating  that  "  it 
is  the  duty  of  every  man  who  enjoys  the  protection  of  society,  to  be 
prepared  and  willing  to  defend  it  ",  the  constitution  "  doth  ORDAIN, 
DETERMINE  AND  DECLARE,  That  the  militia  of  this  State,  at  all  times 
hereafter,  as  well  in  peace  as  in  war,  shall  be  armed  and  disciplined, 
and  in  readiness  for  service."  A  long  period  of  peace  had  naturally 
weakened  the  force  of  this  principle  and  probably  the  isolation  of 
our  country  from  the  other  great  political  powers  and  our  tran 
scendent  increase  in  population  and  might  will  always  be  accounted 
a  release  from  the  burdens  of  military  preparation  such  as  rest  on 
other  nations.  But  in  1861  what  was  worse  than  lack  of  provision 
existed  in  the  general  contempt  for  military  affairs  encouraged  by 
the  ridiculous  manner  in  which  the  great  principle  of  military  service 
had  been  treated.  It  was  bewildering  to  suddenly  find  the  very 
existence  of  the  nation  depending  upon  the  derided  militia  of  the 
country. 

In  New  York  there  were  some  fifteen  infantry  regiments,  most  of 
them  comprised  in  the  great  cities,  that  could  be  immediately  called 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  n 

into  service  with  some  assurance  of  their  efficiency.  Of  cavalry  or 
artillery  there  was  nothing  available  tHat  was  of  value.  The  general 
staff  had  a  paper  organization  and  the  chiefs  of  the  departments, 
known  as  the  "  Governor's  staff  ",  occupied  positions  more  orna 
mental  than  useful.  Some  attention  to  military  affairs  was  given  by 
the  Adjutant  General,  Inspector  General  and  the  Commissary  General 
of  Ordnance,  but  the  only  service  rendered  by  other  officers  of  the 
staff  was  an  attendance  upon  the  Governor  at  all  ceremonial  occa 
sions  when  their  gorgeous  uniforms  enlivened  the  general  sombre- 
ness  of  male  attire  in  these  sad-colored  days. 

The  session  of  the  New  York  Legislature  began  on  January  i, 
1 86 1,  and  from  the  very  first  day  its  proceedings  were  strongly 
colored  by  the  great  political  events  in  the  South,  though  no  mili 
tary  legislation  was  accomplished  until  four  days  after  the  firing  of 
the  first  gun  at  Fort  Sumter,  when  a  law  was  passed  providing 
for  an  army  of  30,000  men.  On  April  I5th  President  Lincoln 
issued  his  proclamation  calling  into  service  75,000  militia.  This 
proclamation  was  accompanied  by  a  circular  letter  to  Governor 
Morgan,  requesting  him  to  detach  from  the  militia  of  the  State  its 
quota  of  13,280  officers  and  men  to  serve  as  infantry  or  riflemen 
for  a  period  of  three  months  to  be  rendezvoused  at  New  York, 
Albany  and  Elmira.  On  the  next  day,  April  i6th,  was  enacted  the 
law,  subsequently  known  as  Chapter  277,  Laws  of  1861,  authorizing 
the  enrollment  and  muster  of  the  30,000  volunteers  "  in  addition  to 
the  present  military  organization,  and  a  part  of  the  militia  thereof  ". 

On  the  i8th  Governor  Morgan  issued  a  proclamation  making  a 
call  for  seventeen  regiments  to  serve  three  months  to  fill  the  quota 
of  the  State  under  the  requisition  of  the  Secretary  of  War  of  the 
1 5th.  The  proclamation  provided  that  these  regiments  should  be 
organized  under  the  recent  law,  and  by  General  Orders  No.  13  of 


12  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

same  date  the  details  of  organization  were  published.  In  fact  none 
of  the  regiments  so  organized  was  mustered  for  three  months  to 
fill  the  quota  under  the  call  of  April  I5th;  this  was  accomplished 
by  the  muster-in  of  the  uniformed  militia  regiments  for  that  period. 
On  April  igth  the  famous  Seventh  Regiment  left  New  York 
city  for  Washington  with  a  total  of  990  men  and  officers,  a  marvel 
ous  example  of  speedy  recruitment.  This  notable  event  was  suc 
ceeded  the  next  evening  by  a  grand  mass  meeting  in  Union  Square 
which  presented  such  a  unanimous  and  fervid  demonstration  of 
patriotism  as  to  permanently  fix  the  attitude  of  the  metropolis  dur 
ing  the  contest  and  to  have  a  great  moral  effect  throughout  the 
whole  North.  An  outcome  of  this  significant  meeting  was  the 
organization  of  the  Union  Defense  Committee,  composed  of  promi 
nent  and  active  citizens  and  provided  with  funds  from  the  city  treas 
ury  and  private  contributions.  This  patriotic  body  materially  aided 
the  recruiting  and  equipment  of  the  militia  and  volunteer  regi 
ments  sent  from  New  York  city  before  June  1st  and  extinguished 
the  last  hope  of  the  secessionists  that  they  would  find  substantial 
sympathy  there.*  Besides  the  Seventh  Regiment  of  militia  there 
went  from  New  York  city  the  Fifth,  Sixth,  Eighth,  Twelfth,  Sixty- 
ninth  and  Seventy-first  Regiments,  from  Brooklyn  the  Thirteenth 
and  Twenty-eighth,  from  Kingston  the  Twentieth  and  from  Albany 
the  Twenty-fifth.  All  of  these  regiments  left  the  State  during  April, 
most  of  them  before  the  23d.  There  is  now  no  doubt  but  that  the 

*  I  find  from  data  kept  by  me  that  all  the  expenditures  by  this  committee 
were  made  between  April  2ist  and  July  3ist,  1861,  and  there  were  paid  from 
the  City  Fund  $771,933.10  and  from  funds  contributed  by  citizens  $58,338.63, 
or  a  total  of  $830,271.73.  Of  this,  $226,589.27  were  spent  for  arms  and 
accoutrements;  $188,204  for  account  of  the  militia  regiments,  and  $415,478.46 
for  account  of  volunteer  regiments.  No  part  of  this  amount  has  ever  been 
refunded  by  the  United  States  because  of  defects  and  informalities  in  the 
accounts. 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  13 

prompt  movement  of  the  militia  regiments  from  Massachusetts  and 
New  York  prevented  the  capture  of  Washington,  which,  otherwise 
almost  defenseless,  could  have  been  readily  taken  by  the  Virginia 
rebels.  It  is  useless  to  speculate  as  to  the  possible  course  of  the 
war  had  the  capital  of  the  Union  been  captured  at  the  very  outset 
of  the  rebellion  or  as  to  the  result  on  foreign  countries  of  such  a 
disaster.  The  militia  forces  of  two  loyal  States  prevented  such  a 
disaster  and  restored  to  public  confidence  and  respect  that  long  con 
temned  organization.* 

*  The  promptitude  with  which  the  New  York  militia  regiments  were  for 
warded  to  the  relief  of  Washington  was  warmly  acknowledged  by  the  Presi 
dent,  as  shown  by  the  following  letters: 

WAR  DEPARTMENT, 

WASHINGTON,  April  26,  1861. 
To  His  Excellency  E.  D.  MORGAN,  Governor  of  New  York: 

Dear  Sir:  I  have  to  repeat  the  acknowledgments  of  this  Department  for 
your  very  prompt  and  energetic  action  in  sending  forward  the  troops  of  your 

State. 

******  *  * 

Very  truly  yours, 

SIMON  CAMERON, 

Secretary  of  War. 

WAR  DEPARTMENT, 
WASHINGTON,  April  29,  1861. 
His  Excellency  E.  D.  MORGAN,  Governor  of  New  York: 

My  Dear  Sir:  I  have  yours  of  the  24th  inst.  This  Department  has  again 
to  acknowledge  its  many  obligations  to  your  Excellency  for  the  promptness 
and  despatch  with  which  you  have  sent  forward  your  troops  for  the  defence 
of  the  capital.  I  have  to  request  that  you  will  not  send  any  more  to  this 
point  until  you  are  further  advised.  I  have  the  honor  to  subscribe  myself, 

Very  truly, 

SIMON  CAMERON,  t 
Secretary  of  War. 

t  Simon  Cameron  was  born  in  Lancaster  County,  Pennsylvania,  March  8, 
1799.  He  learned  the  printers'  trade  and  at  21  years  of  age  was  editor  of  a 
paper  in  Doylestown  and  in  1822  was  editing  a  paper  in  Harrisburg,  Pa. 
He  embarked  in  the  banking  business  and  constructed  railways  in  central 
Pennsylvania  where  he  laid  the  foundation  for  the  great  fortune  which  he 
subsequently  accumulated.  He  was  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate  in 
1845  as  a  Democrat,  but  later  become  identified  with  the  "  People's  Party  " 


14  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

The  act  of  April  16,  1861,  "  to  authorize  the  embodying  and 
equipment  of  a  Volunteer  Militia  and  to  provide  for  the  public 
defense  ",  was  a  very  faulty  law  and  I  think  of  doubtful  constitu 
tionality  in  devolving  upon  a  board  the  authority  and  power  to 
enroll,  muster  and  discharge  from  service  the  troops  to  be  raised. 
I  believe  this  power  resided  solely  in  the  Governor  as  Commander- 
in-Chief,  but  whether  it  did  or  not,  the  law  should  have  recognized 
it  in  him  or  conferred  it  upon  him.  Instead  of  this  the  Governor 
was  cojoined  with  the  Lieutenant  Governor,  Secretary  of  State, 
Comptroller,  Attorney  General,  State  Engineer  and  Surveyor  and 
State  Treasurer,  an  awkward,  incongruous  and  irresponsible  body. 
The  attempt  to  administer  military  affairs  by  a  council  or  com 
mission  has  seldom,  if  ever,  been  successful.  In  the  present  instance 
there  were  from  the  beginning  a  lack  of  harmony  and  an  official 
jealousy  that  interfered  with  the  satisfactory  administration  of  the 
law.  The  officers  comprising  the  board  were  Governor  Edwin  D. 
Morgan,  Lieutenant-Governor  Robert  Campbell,  Secretary  of  State 
David  R.  Floyd-Jones,  Attorney  General  Charles  G.  Myers,  State 
Engineer  Van  Rensselaer  Richmond  and  Treasurer  Philip 
Dorsheimer. 

The  Governor's  staff  as  appointed  on  January  1st  were  Adjutant 
General  J.  Meredith  Read,  Inspector  General  William  A.  Jackson, 
Engineer-in-Chief  Chester  A.  Arthur,  Judge  Advocate  General 
William  Henry  Anthon,  Surgeon-General  S.  Oakley  Vander  Poel, 
Quartermaster  General  Cuyler  Van  Vechten,  Paymaster  General 

which  subsequently  consolidated  with  the  Republicans.  He  was  candidate 
for  President  in  1860  and  Mr.  Lincoln  recognized  his  power  and  ability  by 
calling  him  to  his  Cabinet  as  Secretary  of  War.  He  resigned  his  position, 
however,  January  11,  1862,  and  was  appointed  as  Minister  to  Russia,  which 
position  he  held  until  the  following  November,  when  he  resigned.  In  1866 
he  was  again  returned  to  the  United  States  Senate  and  returned  for  the 
fourth  time  in  1873,  but  resigned  in  favor  of  his  son,  James  Donald  Cameron. 
For  forty-five  years  he  was  the  acknowledged  Czar  of  Pennsylvania  politics. 
He  died  June  26,  1889. 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  15 

Thomas  B.  Van  Buren,  Aides-de-Camp  Edwin  D.  Morgan,  Jr., 
Samuel  D.  Bradford  and  Elliott  F.  Shepard;  Military  Secretary 
John  H.  Linsly. 

The  Legislature  adjourned  on  April  i6th,  the  very  day  that  the 
bill  became  a  law.  The  board  of  State  officers  formed  by  the  act 
was  immediately  convened,  the  Governor  being  made  its  chairman 
and  Mr.  Linsly  its  secretary.  The  Governor's  proclamation,  already 
referred  to,  was  made  on  the  i8th,  on  which  date  the  General  Orders 
(No.  13)  were  issued  providing  for  the  immediate  organization  of 
seventeen  regiments  in  four  brigades  and  two  divisions  to  fill  the 
quota  upon  the  requisition  for  three  months  men,  but  the  orders 
provided  that  the  force  should  be  enrolled  for  the  term  of  two  years, 
unless  sooner  discharged.  The  organization  of  companies  and  regi 
ments  was  that  prescribed  as  the  minimum  in  the  regular  army, 
except  that  the  rank  of  second  lieutenant  was  named  ensign  and 
assistant  surgeon  as  surgeon's  mate  (and  so  continued  to  January, 
1863).  The  unit  of  organization  was  the  company,  which  might  be 
accepted  when  the  rolls  had  been  signed  by  not  less  than  thirty-two 
nor  more  than  seventy-seven  persons  and  then  transmitted  to  the 
Adjutant  General,  who,  if  the  inspection  ordered  by  him  was  satis 
factory,  might  accept  the  company  and  order  an  election  of  the 
commissioned  and  non-commissioned  officers  by  the  members  of 
the  accepted  company.  This  election  was  necessary  because  the 
law  having  necessarily  recognized  the  force  as  a  part  of  the  militia,* 
it  was  subject  to  the  second  section  of  the  eleventh  article  of  the 
State  Constitution,  which  provided  for  the  election  of  all  company 
and  field  officers  and  brigadier  generals.  After  the  election  the 

*  The  U.  S.  Constitution  contemplates  the  militia  as  a  State  institution  and 
forbids  any  State  "  to  keep  troops  in  time  of  peace  "  without  the  consent  of 
Congress.  It  is  manifest  that  the  only  military  force  that  can  be  authorized 
by  a  State  is  a  part  of  the  militia  of  that  State. 


16  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

accepted  company  was  ordered  to  one  of  the  three  military  depots 
and  the  officers  of  any  six  or  more  companies,  not  exceeding  ten, 
assembled  at  any  depot,  and  indicating  the  choice  of  the  same  per 
sons  as  field  officers  could  hold  an  election  for  the  same,  who  being 
commissioned  would  be  put  in  command. 

The  issue  of  the  orders  caused  a  general  excitement  throughout 
the  State  and  recruiting  was  started  in  every  county  by  active  men 
aspiring  to  become  commissioned  officers.  At  the  capitol  at  Albany 
there  was  a  constant  concourse  of  interested  men  from  every  part 
of  the  State,  anxious  to  encourage  or  advise,  or  to  procure  commis 
sions  or  the  acceptance  of  companies  on  their  own  account  or  on 
behalf  of  friends.  The  Adjutant  General's  quarters  were  enlarged 
by  adding  the  adjacent  room,  used  as  the  Assembly  Library,  and 
a  corps  of  clerks  was  employed  to  undertake  the  new  and  enlarg 
ing  affairs  of  that  office.  Adjutant  General  Read  was  a  man  of 
good  Philadelphia  parentage  who  had  married  an  Albany  lady  of 
wealth.  He  had  an  excellent  education  and  had  been  prominent 
in  local  political  matters  as  a  leader  of  the  Republican  "  Wide 
awakes  "  the  previous  autumn.  He  would  have  made  a  fair  officer 
in  the  piping  times  of  peace,  but  the  sudden  exigencies  of  1861  were 
too  much  for  his  capacity,  mental  or  physical.  His  assistant, 
Colonel  Duncan  Campbell,  was  an  indolent  man  who  declined  any 
part  in  the  new  work,  addicting  himself  entirely  to  the  old  militia 
routine  matters.  General  Read  was  industrious  and  zealous,  and 
had  as  an  official  adviser  Captain  Edmund  Schriver,*  of  Troy,  and 

*  Edmund  Schriver  was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania;  graduated  from 
West  Point  in  the  class  of  1833  and  was  assigned  to  the  Second 
Artillery.  In  1838  he  was  appointed  captain  and  assistant  adjutant- 
general.  Four  years  later  he  was  commissioned  captain  in  the  Second 
Artillery,  where  he  remained  until  July  31,  1846,  when  he  resigned. 
From  '47  to  '52  he  was  treasurer  of  the  Saratoga  &  Washington 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  17 

late  captain  of  the  Second  Artillery  and  Assistant  Adjutant  General, 
United  States  Army,  who  had  resigne'd.  Captain  Schriver  on  May 
1 3th  was  made  an  aide-de-camp  of  the  Governor  vice  Colonel 
Edwin  D.  Morgan,  Jr.,  resigned.  Later  Major  Lorenzo  Sitgreaves,* 
United  States  Topographical  Engineers,  became  attached  to  the 
headquarters  as  an  adviser.  Some  aid  was  also  received  from  Cap 
tain  Frank  Wheaton,  First  U.  S.  Cavalry,  on  duty  at  Albany  as 
recruiting  officer.f 

Railroad  Company,  now  a  part  of  the  Delaware  &  Hudson  system,  and  from 
'47  to  '61  he  was  treasurer  of  the  Saratoga  &  Schenectady  Railroad  Com 
pany  and  of  the  Rensselaer  &  Saratoga.  He  was  president  of  the  Rensselaer 
&  Saratoga  Railroad  Company  from  '51  to  '61.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  war 
he  was  appointed  by  Governor  Morgan  as  an  aide-de-camp  with  the  rank  of 
•colonel.  May  14,  1861,  he  was  commissioned  lieutenant-colonel  of  the 
Eleventh  United  States  infantry  and  a  year  later  was  transferred  to  the  staff 
with  the  rank  of  colonel.  March  13,  1863,  he  was  commissioned  inspector- 
general  and  participated  in  the  battles  of  Chancellorsville  and  Gettysburg, 
being  deputized  by  General  Meade  to  carry  to  the  War  Department  thirty- 
one  battle  flags  and  other  trophies  from  that  field.  He  was  brevetted  as 
brigadier-general  and  major-general  of  the  United  States  army  for  merito 
rious  and  distinguished  services.  He  was  retired  January  4,  1881,  and  died  in 
Washington,  D.  C,  February  10,  1899. 

*  Lorenzo  Sitgreaves  was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania.  He  graduated  from 
West  Point  in  the  class  of  1832,  and  served  several  years  in  the  First  artil 
lery;  he  was  out  of  the  service  two  years;  reappointed  second  lieutenant  of 
topographical  engineers  in  1838,  served  through  the  Mexican  War  with  dis 
tinguished  credit;  was  mustering  officer  at  Albany  at  the  outbreak  of  hos 
tilities,  but  was  transferred  to  the  west,  where  he  remained  until  July  10,  1866. 
when  he  was  retired  with  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel  of  engineers.  Died 
May  14,  1888,  at  Washington,  D.  C.,  aged  78  years. 

f  Captain  Wheaton  was  the  son-in-law  of  Col.  Samuel  Cooper,  Adjutant- 
General  of  the  U.  S.  Army,  who  on  the  outbreak  of  hostilities  resigned  that 
position  to  accept  the  similar  one  in  the  Confederate  army.  Col.  Cooper  was 
the  son-in-law  of  the  Confederate  agent,  ex-U.  S.  Senator  Mason  (Virginia), 
who,  with  his  associate,  ex-U.  S.  Senator  Slidell  (Louisiana),  being  on  his 
way  to  England  on  the  British  passenger  steamer,  the  Trent,  was  forcibly 
taken  from  it  by  Capt.  Wilkes,  commanding  the  U.  S.  steamer  San  Jacinto, 
and  conveyed  to  Boston.  The  disavowal  of  this  act  by  our  government  pre 
vented  the  declaration  of  war  by  England. 

Captain  Wheaton  was  born  in  Providence,  R.  I.,  May  8,  1833.  He  was 
educated  as  a  civil  engineer  and  was  occupied  in  California  and  in  the  Mexi- 

2 


i8  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

The  three  depots  were  put  under  command  of  brigadier  generals 
of  the  militia:  General  Charles  Yates  at  New  York,  General  John  K 
Rathbone  at  Albany  and  General  Robert  B.  Van  Valkenburgh  at 
Elmira.*  These  officers  were  provided  with  ample  staffs  for  all  pur 
poses  of  administration.  The  headquarters  of  the  Quartermaster 
General  were  at  Albany  and  his  department  was  represented  at 
New  York  by  General  Chester  A.  Arthur,  Engineer-in-Chief,  and  at 
Elmira  by  Captain  Charles  C.  B.  Walker.  There  being  no  com 
missary  officers  in  the  militia  organization  in  those  days,  the  com 
missariat  was  administered  by  the  Quartermaster  General's 
department. 

In  every  part  of  the  State  there  was  an  excitement  and  bustle  such 
as  never  had  been  known.  Personal  ambition  and  local  pride  and 
rivalry  added  their  stimulus  to  the  painfully  vague  promptings  of 
patriotism.  For  the  first  time  in  half  a  century  this  sentiment  was 
strongly  aroused;  we  had  been  proud  of  our  country's  attractions,, 
wealth  and  progress  and'  aggressively  sensitive  to  all  criticism  of 
our  resources,  government,  society,  manners,  etc.;  but  safe  from 
foreign  assault  and  in  the  conceit  of  our  omnipotence  and  immuta 
bility,  our  love  of  country  had  only  a  superficial  expression  and  we 
knew  neither  its  depth  nor  strength.  There  was  much  of  pathos 
in  the  almost  impotent  rage  of  this  passion  when  it  was  suddenly 

can  boundary  service  from  1850  until  he  was  appointed  first  lieutenant  of 
the  United  States  Cavalry,  Mcrch  3,  1855.  In  July,  1861,  he  was  commis 
sioned  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  Second  Rhode  Island  Volunteers,  and  as 
such  participated  in  all  the  early  engagements  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac, 
until  his  promotion  to  the  command  of  a  division  of  the  Sixth  corps,  and  as 
such  saw  much  active  service  in  the  Shenandoah  Valley.  For  gallant  and 
meritorious  services  at  the  Opequon,  Fishers  Hill  and  Middletown,  Va.,  he 
received  several  brevets,  including  that  of  major-general.  In  July,  1866,  he 
was  presented  with  a  sword  by  his  native  State  for  gallant  services  in  the 
battle  of  the  Wilderness,  Cedar  Creek  and  Petersburg.  He  was  retired  the  8th 
of  May,  1897,  as  major-general  of  the  United  States  Army. 
*See  Appendix  B. 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  19 

aroused  by  the  assault  upon  Fort  Sumter;  the  reverberations  of 
those  guns  sent  a  tremor  to  every  true  heart  in  the  North  and  crys 
tallized  there  the  diluted  and  solvent  sentiment  of  patriotism.  Men, 
women  and  children  with  feverish  ardor  sought  some  means  of 
expressing  this  newly  roused  passion  which  for  a  while  over 
whelmed  all  other  feelings  and  interests.  The  starry  flag  of  the 
Union  was  everywhere  displayed  and  within  a  week  or  two  every 
yard  of  bunting  of  appropriate  hues  in  the  country  was  exhausted. 
The  old  familiar  airs,  "Yankee  Doodle",  "  Hail  Columbia",  etc., 
had  a  new  and  thrilling  significance  that  brought  tears  to  the  eye 
and  tremors  to  the  voice.  But  all  this  enthusiasm  and  exaltation 
lacked  the  depth,  the  sincerity  and  tenacity  that  defeat,  deferred 
hope,  suffering,  death  and  affliction  subsequently  breathed  into  it. 
The  first  ebullitions  of  patriotic  fervor  were  somewhat  frothy,  and 
as  will  be  hereafter  noted  it  affected  the  character  of  the  first  levies 
of  troops  from  this  State. 

The  board  of  State  officers  advertised  for  proposals  to  furnish 
uniforms  and  equipments  which  were  to  accord  with  those  pre 
scribed  by  the  State  regulations  for  the  militia.  It  consisted  of  a 
jacket  of  dark  army-blue  cloth,  cut  to  flow  from  the  waist  and  to 
fall  four  inches  below  the  belt;  trousers  of  light  army-blue  cloth; 
overcoat  of  same,  patterned  after  that  of  the  United  States  Infantry; 
a  fatigue  cap  of  dark  blue  cloth,  with  a  waterproof  cover  having  a 
cape  attached;  two  flannel  shirts;  two  pair  of  flannel  drawers;  two 
pair  of  woolen  socks,  one  pair  of  stout  cowhide  pegged  shoes  and 
one  double  Mackinac  blanket. 

The  first  opportunity  that  the  women  found  for  a  practical  dis 
play  of  their  patriotic  ardor  was  in  making  a  gratuitous  addition 
to  this  uniform  in  the  shape  of  a  white  linen  cap-cover  with  large 
cape  attached  falling  over  the  shoulders.  Such  a  headgear  had 


20  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

been  used  by  the  English  troops  in  India  and  was  called  a  "  Have- 
lock  "  after  that  celebrated  general.  It  was  thought  our  boys  would 
need  them  under  the  fervid  rays  of  the  Southern  sun,  and  sewing 
societies  were  organized  that  soon  produced  an  ample  supply,  but 
1  do  not  think  they  were  much  used  by  our  troops.  The  women 
soon  found  an  occupation  more  necessary,  if  less  pleasant,  in  the 
preparation  of  lint  and  bandages  for  use  in  field  and  hospital. 

The  sudden  demands  by  both  general  and  state  governments  for 
military  supplies  soon  exhausted  the  stocks  on  hand  and  much  dif 
ficulty  was  met  in  procuring  uniforms  and  blankets.  Messrs. 
Brooks  Brothers  of  New  York  city  made  a  contract  to  furnish 
12,000  sets  of  uniforms,  consisting  of  jacket,  trousers  and  overcoat, 
at  $19.50  per  uniform.  In  filling  this  contract  and  finding  the  sup 
ply  of  army  kerseys  exhausted,  they  substituted  other  materials 
which  proved  in  active  service  to  be  so  inferior  that  great  com 
plaints  were  made  and  much  scandal  arose.  It  was  at  this  time  that 
we  began  to  apprehend  the  meaning  of  the  word  "  shoddy  "  which 
had  recently  come  in  vogue.  It  appeared  that  the  7,300  poor  uni 
forms  had  been  made  of  gray  satinet  of  poor  quality  and  the  gar 
ments  had  been  shabbily  trimmed  and  sewn.  The  Military  Board 
wrestled  with  this  matter  for  some  time  and  made  formal  inquiries 
that  disclosed  great  indifference  on  the  part  of  the  contractors.  It 
was  further  shown  that  four  citizens  of  New  York,  of  high  character 
for  integrity,  who  were  selected  by  General  Arthur  to  inspect  these 
uniforms,  namely,  Wilson  G.  Hunt,  George  Opdyke,  Charles  Buck 
ingham  and  John  Gray,  had  given  certificates  of  inspection  after 
a  most  cursory  and  inadequate  examination.  The  result  was  that 
Brooks  Brothers  furnished  2,350  additional  uniforms  to  make  good 
their  deficiencies.  The  contracts  made  by  the  Military  Board  for 
army  supplies  gave  cause  for  some  scandals  regarding  the  State 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  21 

Treasurer,  Dorsheimer,  and  Attorney  General,  Myers.  Amid  the 
mass  of  rumors  and  objurgations  regarding  the  matter  I  never  saw 
any  reason  to  doubt  the  honesty  of  these  officers.  The  desire  to 
push  the  troops  forward,  the  dearth  of  suitable  materials  and  the 
general  inexperience  of  all  concerned  would  account  for  many 
defects  without  recourse  to  impugning  personal  motives.  Never 
theless  these  stories  seriously  injured  the  reputation  of  the  officers 
named. 

There  was  great  difficulty  also  in  obtaining  good  blankets,  and 
some  of  the  specimens  submitted  were  ridiculous  mixtures  of  the 
coarsest  wool,  shoddy,  hemp  and  cotton — I  recall  some  that  were 
actually  dangerous  as  a  source  of  slivers  in  handling.  I  brought  to 
Albany  as  a  sample  a  pair  of  five-pound  blankets  used  by  my  wife 
and  self  on  "  the  Plains  "  the  previous  year,  but  the  contractors  said 
they  were  unapproachable  in  quality  in  the  market. 

There  was  not  much  trouble  in  obtaining  the  other  clothing,  or 
the  leather  accoutrements,  and  camp  equipage,  but  the  question 
of  proper  arms  was  a  very  troublesome  one.  Those  that  the  United 
States  had  gradually  accumulated  in  its  arsenals  had  been  slyly 
transported  to  the  Southern  States  by  the  late  Secretary  of  War, 
John  B.  Floyd,  an  ardent  secessionist.  The  output  of  our  armories, 
public  and  private,  was  then  comparatively  small — indeed  one  of  the 
former  at  Harpers  Ferry,  Va.,  was  dismantled  in  June,  having  been 
in  the  hands  of  the  rebels  since  April.  It  was  evident  that  recourse 
to  the  European  arsenals  would  become  necessary,  and  agents  were 
sent  thither  by  the  general  and  state  governments  to  purchase 
muskets,  and  speculators  also  repaired  thither  to  control  if  possible 
these  needful  weapons  and  "  corner  the  market  ".  It  was  not  a 
very  creditable  enterprise — this  trading  upon  the  necessities  of  an 
imperilled  fatherland — but  the  man  who  has  the  money-making 


22  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

instinct  generally  slakes  his  auri  sacra  fames  without  scruples.  All 
through  the  war  there  was  no  quality  that  exceeded  in  intensity  the 
avidity  of  the  military  contractor,  whether  dealing  in  materials  or 
men.  Some  of  these  private  transactions  in  arms  resulted  in  great 
public  scandals,  notably  one  connected  with  supplies  to  troops  in 
Missouri  in  1861,  and  they  certainly  were  a  boon  to  foreign  nations 
in  clearing  their  arsenals  of  antiquated  and  condemned  weapons. 
New  York  escaped  these  scandals  and  bad  bargains ;  so  early  as  the 

24th  of  April  an  arrangement  was  made  to  send  Mr.  Jacob  R.  Schuy- 

/ 

ler  of  the  firm  of  Schuyler,  Hartley  &  Graham  (of  New  York)  to 
Europe  to  purchase  25,000  stands  of  arms.  Governor  Morgan  wrote 
at  the  same  time  to  Lord  Palmerston,  then  the  British  premier,  ask 
ing  him  under  the  existing  conditions  of  affairs  in  this  country  to 
sanction  the  purchases  Mr.  Schuyler  was  authorized  to  make.  The 
refreshing  simplicity  of  this  letter  is  a  notable  illustration,  of  our 
ignorance  and  anxiety  in  those  first  days  of  warfare.  Lord  Palmer 
ston  doubtless  consigned  the  letter  to  the  wastebasket  and  conceived 
Governor  Morgan's  avoidance  of  our  minister  at  the  court  of  St. 
James  as  an  evidence  that  the  principle  of  "  State  rights  "  was  quite 
as  orthodox  in  the  Northern  as  in  the  Southern  States.  Under  this 
arrangement  Mr.  Schuyler  purchased  for  the  State  nineteen  thou 
sand  Enfield  muskets  which  were  issued  to  the  two  years  regiments. 
About  the  same  date  of  the  letter  to  Lord  Palmerston  an  applica 
tion  was  made  to  Governor  General  Head  of  Canada  for  leave  to 
purchase  Minie  rifles  there,  who  answered  that  he  was  prohibited 
by  law  from  allowing  arms  and  accoutrements  to  be  taken  out  of 
that  Province. 

One  of  the  minor  incidents  of  this  early  period  was  the  excite 
ment  at  Troy  over  the  discovery  that  a  man,  named  F.  W.  Par- 
menter,  in  that  city  was  making  a  bullet  machine  upon  the  improved 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  23 

ordnance  patterns  used  at  the  United  States  Arsenal  at  Watervliet, 
N.  Y.,  where  Parmenter  had  been  previously  employed.  Upon  the 
rumor  that  he  was  a  "  traitor  "  and  was  making  the  machine  for 
the  use  of  the  rebels,  a  committee  of  citizens  took  possession  of  it 
and  the  matter  was  brought  before  the  Governor  and  his  associates. 
After  much  investigation  it  was  concluded  that  Parmenter  was  inno 
cent  of  treason  and  his  machine  was  purchased  by  the  State  for 
$1,700  and  subsequently  offered  to  the  United  States.  I  cannot 
now  recall  its  ultimate  disposition. 

Although  it  was  intended  that  the  thirty-eight  regiments  raised 
under  the  State  law  should  all  be  organized  as  infantry,  some 
arrangements  were  made  under  the  advice  and  direction  of  Major 
Richard  Delafield,  United  States  Engineers,  to  procure  for  the  State 
some  rifled  Parrott  field  pieces,  and  sixteen  such  were  finally  received 
and  I  believe  are  still  in  the  State  arsenals,  having  never  been  in 
service.  There  were  some  ambitious  young  men  who  desired 
authority  to  raise  cavalry  regiments,  but  this  was  refused. 

The  recruiting  throughout  the  State  was  very  active,  and  so  soon 
as  the  proper  number  were  gathered  at  any  point,  being  not  less 
than  thirty-two  nor  more  than  seventy-seven  persons,  they  were 
inspected  by  order  of  the  Adjutant  General,  usually  by  some  militia 
officers,  under  whose  supervision  was  held  an  election  of  the  com 
pany  officers,  commissioned  and  non-commissioned,  and  with  rolls 
and  elections  duly  certified,  the  company  was  given  transportation 
to  the  nearest  of  the  three  general  depots.  In  the  enthusiastic  feel 
ing  of  the  day,  the  Hudson  River  Railroad  proposed  to  carry  all 
the  State  troops  free  and  other  roads  proposed  a  considerable  abate 
ment  from  the  usual  fares.  Later  this  ardor  was  supplanted  by 
strictly  business  views,  but  under  the  orders  of  the  War  Depart 
ment  a  maximum  rate  of  two  cents  per  recruit  per  mile  was  fixed. 
As  will  be  hereafter  shown,  this  rate  was  reduced  in  one  instance. 


24  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

Upon  arrival  at  the  depots,  these  companies  were  sent  to  the 
respective  barracks;  at  Albany  these  consisted  of  a  large  brick  build 
ing  in  the  southwestern  suburbs  of  the  city,  originally  built  for  an 
industrial  school,  and  to  which  were  added  sundry  wooden  struc 
tures.  The  old  city  soon  assumed  the  aspect  of  a  garrisoned  town;, 
companies  were  arriving  by  trains  or  boat  daily  and  proceeding  in 
ordinary  garb  and  unarmed  but  preceded  by  drum  and  fife,  they 
passed  to  the  front  of  the  Capitol,  and  being  there  reviewed  by  the 
Adjutant  General  or  some  member  of  the  Military  Board,  marched 
thence  to  the  barracks.  These  finally  proved  to  be  inadequate,  and 
my  first  official  duty  on  May  28th  was  to  select  a  camp  for  two 
regiments;  after  a  survey  to  the  north  of  the  city,  where  nothing 
suitable  was  found,  a  choice  was  made  of  a  plot  on  the  land  of  a  Mr. 
William  E.  Haswell,  three  miles  south  of  the  city,*  and  under  the 
direction  of  General  Patrick,  assisted  by  the  diagram  in  the  United 
States  Army  Regulations,  I  succeeded  in  laying  out  the  camp  in 
excellent  shape,  being  aided  by  my  experience  as  engineer.  The 
Sixteenth  and  Twenty-eighth  Regiments  were  camped  here  for  a 
short  period  and  were  the  only  ones  at  Albany  ever  under  canvas. 
But  it  did  not  need  tents  to  remind  us  of  the  great  strife  before  us; 
the*  usually  quiet  streets  were  enlivened  by  soldiers  on  leave  and 
officers,  bright  in  fresh  uniforms  and  bearing  themselves  with  the 
air  of  heroes.  A  constant  throng  of  visitors  poured  in  and  out  of 
the  Capitol  intent  upon  every  shade  of  interest,  personal  or  public. 

Governor  Morgan  was  then  in  his  prime;  a  man  of  great  bodily 
vigor,  a  sound  judgment,  of  large  business  experience  and  also  in 
public  administration,  being  then  in  his  third  year  as  Governor.  At 
this  period  he  was  hampered  by  the  act  that  conferred  joint  powers 
in  raising  troops  upon  several  officers  besides  himself,  and  it  was 

*  On  what  was  known  as  the  upper  river  road  in  the  town  of  Bethlehem. 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  25 

not  until  later  that  he  was  enabled  to  display  to  the  best  advantage 
his  rare  executive  ability.  Though  Governor  Morgan  was  more 
able  as  a  politician  than  as  a  statesman,  he  possessed  those  business 
qualifications  that  were  most  useful  in  his  position  in  those  disturbed 
and  distressful  times.  Much  of  interest  and  value  and  also  much  of 
twaddle  has  been  written  about  the  "  War  Governors  ",  but  it  is 
undeniable  that  success  in  the  great  contest  for  the  Union  depended 
very  largely  upon  the  ability  and  disposition  of  the  men  at  the  head 
of  the  State  governments  when  that  contest  began.  In  the  value 
of  the  services  thus  rendered  Governor  Morgan  was  second  to  none. 
On  April  i8th  Major  Marsena  R.  Patrick,  President  of  the  State 
Agricultural  College  at  Ovid,  came  to  Albany  at  the  Governor's 
request  and  consented  to  act  as  general  supervisor  of  disbursements 
and  auditor  of  accounts  payable  from  the  fund  of  $3,000,000.  (Chap. 
277,  Laws  of  1861.)  He  was  a  graduate  of  the  West  Point  Academy 
in  1835  and  had  served  in  the  Florida  and  Mexican  wars,  having 
been  in  the  latter  contest  chief  commissary  officer  on  General  Wool's 
staff.  He  was  a  man  of  great  firmness  and  integrity  of  character, 
well  versed  in  military  affairs  and  having  friendly  personal  relations 
with  all  the  army  officers.  He  had  resigned  from  the  army  and 
been  engaged  in  other  business  for  about  ten  years.  His  advice  in 
regard  to  the  propriety  of  purchases  on  military  account,  form  of 
vouchers  and  their  proper  certification  and  on  all  matters  concern 
ing  the  equipment  of  troops  was  invaluable.  My  father  was  assigned 
as  an  expert  accountant  to  assist  General  Patrick  about  May  ist  and 
I  was  engaged  as  an  additional  clerk  on  May  27th.  Upon  my 
father's  resignation  on  August  I5th  to  become  a  paymaster  in  the 
army,  I  succeeded  as  auditor  of  military  accounts,  serving  as  such 
until  January  i,  1869,  and  thus  becoming  acquainted  with  all  matters 
connected  with  the  raising  of  troops  in  the  State  of  New  York 
during  the  whole  war. 


26  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

General  William  A.  Jackson  having  resigned  the  position  of 
Inspector  General  to  take  the  colonelcy  of  the  Eighteenth  Regiment 
Infantry,  New  York  State  Volunteers,  Major  Patrick  was  appointed 
to  the  vacancy  on  May  I7th. 

Although  seventeen  regiments  would  fill  the  President's  requisi 
tion  on  the  State,  there  was  no  thought  of  relaxing  efforts  to  raise 
all  of  the  thirty-eight  authorized  by  the  law.  So  early  as  April  22d 
Governor  Morgan  proposed  to  the  "  Military  Board  "  that  the  full 
complement  of  30,000  troops  named  in  the  law  be  organized  at 
once,  saying  "  it  was  no  time  to  delay  organization  until  the  enemy 
is  at  our  door",  and  his  motion  was  unanimously  carried.  It  was 
however  very  difficult  to  induce  the  Washington  Administration  to 
recognize  the  excess  beyond  the  call.  Secretary  Seward's  opinion 
that  the  war  would  be  closed  within  a  few  months  was  probably  not 
shared  by  the  President  and  the  remainder  of  the  Cabinet,  still 
there  was  a  great  reluctance  to  accept  the  generous  proffers  of  aid 
that  came  from  the  people  and  the  States.  It  is  true  that  these 
proffers  were  to  some  extent  extravagant  and  that  some  were  im 
possible  of  fulfillment,  but  the  conservatism  at  Washington  went 
beyond  this.  There  was  from  the  start  a  lack  of  confidence  in  the 
people,  a  fear  that  the  burdens  of  the  war  would  be  deemed  intoler 
able.*  The  discontent  and  threats  of  the  comparatively  few  copper 
heads  at  the  North  were  deemed  of  an  alarming  importance  and 
these  rebel  sympathizers  had  the  satisfaction  at  least  of  making  the 
war  cost  hundreds  of  millions  and  thousands  of  lives  on  both  sides 
that  might  have. been  spared  had  the  Administration  absolutely  dis- 

*  The  fact  that  the  Governors  were  nearer  to  the  people  than  the  President 
and  his  official  advisers  in  their  isolation  at  Washington,  will  account  in  part 
for  the  greater  zeal  of  the  former  in  providing  adequate  military  forces  since 
they  knew  the  prompt  patriotic  response  the  people  would  give  to  such 
demands  upon  them. 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  27 

regarded  their  presumed  influence.  All  through  the  war  the  people 
were  far  ahead  of  their  rulers  in  this  respect,  and  history  exhibits 
no  more  signal  instance  of  popular  response  to  every  appeal  to 
patriotic  endeavor  than  was  shown  by  our  people  in  those  four 
years.  The  proffer  of  twenty-one  regiments  more  than  had  been 
formally  called  for  was  not  an  illusory  or  irresponsible  act ;  the  regi 
ments  were  authorized  by  a  State  law  that  provided  for  their  enlist 
ment,  equipment  and  support  until  ready  for  muster  into  the  United 
States  service,  yet  two  weeks  of  earnest  importunity  were  required 
before  any  favorable  reply  from  the  Secretary  of  War  could  be  got. 

On  April  29th  Governor  Morgan  received  a  telegram  from  Gov 
ernor  Dennison  of  Ohio  inviting  him  to  a  conference  at  Cleveland 
with  Governor  Curtin  of  Pennsylvania,  Governor  Morton  of  In 
diana  and  Governor  Yates  of  Illinois,  and  General  McClellan  in 
command  of  the  Ohio  troops.  Governor  Morgan  could  not  attend. 
The  result  of  the  conference  was  unimportant. 

All  through  the  month  of  May  recruiting  continued  quite  lively. 
On  the  1st  the  enlistment  rolls  of  four  Canadian  companies  were 
received,  but  which  could  not  be  accepted.  The  lack  of  competent 
instructors  in  drill  and  tactics  led  to  an  application  to  Secretary 
Cameron  that  the  highest  class  of  cadets  at  West  Point  be  assigned 
for  such  purpose ;  but  though  the  regular  time  of  graduation  of  this 
class  was  anticipated,  the  members  were  assigned  immediately  to 
active  service  in  the  field. 

There  now  arose  another  disagreeable  and  prolonged  controversy 
with  the  War  Department.  The  call  of  the  President  of  May  3d 
indicated  three  years  as  the  term  of  enlistment,  while  the  State  law 
had  provided  for  a  term  of  two  years,  but  the  Secretary  of  War  on 
May  3d  accepted  the  whole  force  of  thirty-eight  regiments  for  two 
years.  Three  days  later  the  Secretary  telegraphed  that  three-years 


28  ANNUAL  REFORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

men  were  wanted,  and  on  the  I5th  wrote  that  it  had  been  his  inten 
tion  on  the  3d  to  accept  twenty-eight  and  not  thirty-eight  regiments 
and  thus  the  whole  controversy  was  reopened.  Governor  Morgan 
again  represented  the  peculiarity  of  these  regiments,  raised,  equipped 
and  sustained  under  a  State  law  and  pointed  out  the  great  damage 
to  the  Union  cause  should  it  become  necessary  to  disband  ten  regi 
ments  and  have  the  State  lose  the  moneys  expended  on  them.  It 
was  not  until  June  I2th  that  a  definite  order  was  given  by  Secretary 
Cameron  to  Colonel  Wm.  B.  Franklin*  to  muster  in  these  regiments 
for  two  years.  This  long  uncertainty  caused  many  complications, 
some  of  which  may  be  mentioned  beyond,  and  one  of  them  was  the 
popular  confusion  concerning  the  respective  military  jurisdictions  of 
the  general  and  State  governments  and  the  weakening  of  the  author 
ity  of  the  latter.  Among  the  regiments  organized  under  the  S»tate  law 


*  General  William  B.  Franklin  was  appointed  to  West  Point  from  Penn 
sylvania  and  graduated  number  one  in  the  celebrated  class  of  1843,  which 
contained  such  representative  men  as  General  Grant,  Father  Deshon,  Gen 
erals  William  F.  Raynolds,  Isaac  F.  Quinby,  John  J.  Peck,  Joseph  J.  Rey 
nolds,  James  A.  Hardie,  Henry  F.  Clark,  Christopher  C.  Augur,  Joseph  H. 
Potter,  Charles  S.  Hamilton,  Frederick  Steele,  Rufus  Ingalls,  Frederick  T. 
Dent  and  Roswell  S.  Ripley.  He  served  through  the  Mexican  war  as  lieu 
tenant  of  engineers,  and  as  superintending  engineer  had  charge  of  the?  exten 
sion  of  the  Capitol  at  Washington,  including  the  new  dome,  until  the  out 
break  of  the  Rebellion,  when  he  was  appointed  colonel  of  the  Twelfth  Infan 
try  and  immediately  thereafter  brigadier-general  of  volunteers,  May  17,  1861. 
He  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Bull  Run  and  held  commands  in  the  vicinity 
of  Washington  and  its  defenses  until  the  spring  of  1862,  when  he  was  placed 
in  command  of  a  division  of  General  McClellan's  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and 
was  promoted  to  command  of  the  Sixth  Army  Corps,  and  as  such  partici 
pated  in  the  combat  at  West  Point  May  8,  1862,  action  at  Goldings  Farm 
June  28th,  battles  of  White  Oak  Bridge,  Savage  Station,  Malvern  Hill.  July 
4,  1862,  he  was  appointed  major-general  United  States  Volunteers,  and  took 
part  in  the  battles  of  Cramptons  Gap,  South  Mountain,  September  14,  1862, 
Antietam  September  17,  1862,  and  Fredericksburg,  where  he  commanded  the 
left  grand  division  consisting  of  the  First  and  Sixth  corps.  Immediately 
after  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg  General  Franklin  was  selected  as  one  of 
the  victims  for  the  failure  of  that  disastrous  affair.  Burnside  claimed  that  a 
number  of  his  generals,  who  were  strong  friends  of  General  McClellan,  had 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  29 

• 

was  the  Eleventh  Infantry,  known  as  the  "  Fire  Zouaves  "  and  com 
manded  by  Colonel  Elmer  E.  Ellsworth,  who  had  attracted  some 
attention  the  previous  year  by  the  exhibition  of  a  Chicago  company 
drilled  by  him  in  what  he  called  the  "  Zouave  "  tactics,  introducing 
some  novel  acrobatic  feats  quite  interesting  to  view,  but  of  little  real 
military  value.  Our  journals  had  often  contained  articles  concerning 
the  French  Zouave  troops,  their  picturesque  uniform,  courage  and 
elan  in  battle,  and  insouicance  and  deviltry  amounting  almost  to 
insubordination.  Great  interest  had  been  taken  in  CaptainEllsworth's 
exhibitions,  and  in  the  ignorance  of  the  day  he  was  accounted  such 
a  military  genius  that  he  had  no  trouble  in  rapidly  recruiting  a 
regiment  in  New  York  city,  particularly  from  among  that  mass  of 
reckless  dare-devils  who  largely  composed  the  volunteer  fire  corps  of 
that  day.  These  were  habited  in  one  of  the  brilliant,  picturesque  and 

not  given  him  proper  support,  and  on  this  frivolous  and  whimsical  accusa 
tion  General  Franklin  was  relieved  of  command  and  for  a  time  discredited 
by  the  national  administration.  He  was  then  transferred  to  the  southwest 
ern  department  and  took  part  in  the  expedition  of  Sabine  Pass;  he  was  in 
command  of  the  Nineteenth  Army  Corps  and  of  the  troops  in  Western  Louis 
iana  from  August  16,  1863,  to  April  29,  1864;  participated  in  the  Red  River 
expedition  and  the  battle  of  Sabine  Cross  Roads  April  8,  1864,  where  he 
was  wounded.  From  April  29  to  December  2,  1864,  he  was  on  sick  leave, 
but  when  on  his  way  to  Washington  in  order  to  obtain  a  command  from  his 
old  classmate,  General  Grant,  he  was  captured  by  rebel  raiders  at  Gun 
Powder  Creek  between  Philadelphia  and  Baltimore,  but  escaped  the 
next  night,  July  12,  1864.  He  was  president  of  the  board  for  retired  and 
disabled  officers  from  December  2,  1864.  He  was  breveted  major-general 
of  the  United  States  Army  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  in  the  field 
during  the  rebellion.  He  resigned  from  the  volunteer  service  November 
10,  1865,  and  from  the  regular  army  March,  1866,  having  been  appointed  vice- 
president  and  general  agent  of  the  Colts  Fire-Arm  Manufacturing  Company 
of  Hartford,  Conn.,  a  position  which  he  still  retains.  From  January  I,  1877, 
to  December  31,  1878,  he  was  Adjutant-General  of  the  State  of  Connecticut. 
Since  July  8,  1880,  he  has  been  president  of  the  board  of  managers  of  the 
National  Home  for  Disabled  Volunteer  Soldiers.  He  was  appointed  com 
missioner-general  of  the  United  States  for  the  International  Exposition  at 
Paris,  October  20,  1889,  and  later  became  grand  officer  of  the  French  Legion 
of  Honor. 


30  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

preposterous  garbs  that  were  so  attractive  during  the  first  year  of 
the  war.  This  regiment  elected  its  officers  and  proceeded  to  Wash 
ington  without  orders  from  the  Governor  as  Commander-in-Chief, 
and  it  required  much  vigilance  to  restrain-  further  endeavors  to 
ignore  State  authority. 

The  predilection  for  gaudy  and  unusual  styles  of  uniform  did  not 
last  long  and  during  the  second  and  succeeding  years  of  the  war 
the  plain,  serviceable  and  inconspicuous  light  and  dark-blue  kersey 
clothing  was  adopted  without  demur. 

The  decision  of  the  government  to  accept  troops  for  a  period  not 
less  than  three  years  bore  heavily  upon  certain  of  our  militia  regi 
ments  that  had  been  delayed  in  their  equipment  or  in  their  recruit 
ing  to  full  ranks.  These  regiments  expected  to  be  accepted  for 
three  months  on  the  same  terms  as  those  mentioned  on  page  12, 
but  the  rapid  organization  of  volunteer  regiments  made  it  inexpe 
dient  to  accept  any  short  term  troops.  Our  Second,  Ninth,  Four 
teenth  and  Seventy-ninth  regiments  of  militia  reached  Washington 
too  late  to  be  included  in  the  call  of  April  i$th  and  they  were  mus 
tered  into  service  "  for  the  war",  which  was  subsequently  construed 
as  for  three  years.  These  regiments  were  renamed  as  the  Eighty- 
second,  Eighty-third,  Eighty-fourth  and  Seventy-ninth  Regiments 
Infantry,  New  York  State  Volunteers.  Their  unexpected  extension 
of  service  was  very  embarrassing  to  many  of  the  privates  and  non 
commissioned  officers,  who  left  homes  and  business  with  the  expec 
tation  of  a  three  months'  absence  only.  My  youngest  brother  had 
enlisted  as  a  private  in  the  Ninth  Militia,  presumptively  for  that 
short  period  and  was  quite  disconcerted  to  find  himself  bound  to 
serve  "  for  the  war". 

The  military  forces  of  the  United  States  had  been  limited  to  the 
regular  army  and  to  the  militia  and  so  continued  up  to  March,  1863. 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  31 

The  volunteers  were  considered  a  part  of  the  militia;  the  two  years' 
regiments  from  New  York  were  expressly  designated  as  militia  in 
the  law  that  authorized  their  organization.  They  were  thus  subject 
to  the  provisions  of  the  United  States  Constitution  "  reserving  to 
the  States  the  appointment  of  the  officers  "  of  the  militia.  By  the 
Constitution  of  the  State  of  New  York  all  company,  field  and  gen 
eral  officers  below  the  rank  of  major-general  were  elective,  the 
major-generals  being  appointed  by  the  Governor.  In  times  of 
peace  this  method  of  selection  is  not  very  objectionable;  the  officers 
are  usually  elected  from  those  having  some  experience  in  the  ser 
vice,  and  if  this  is  lacking  they  obtain  it  after  election  without  any 
great  risk  to  the  general  welfare  or  to  the  comfort  and  safety  of 
their  commands.  It  is  also  probable  that  this  democratic  method  of 
selection  is  essential  to  the  very  existence  of  our  organized  militia 
in  the  form  of  uniformed  companies  and  regiments.  It  was  not 
however  a  successful  method  in  these  thirty-eight  regiments,  except 
as  aiding  their  rapid  recruiting  and  as  not  introducing  any  new 
principle  at  a  time  when  it  was  deemed  of  prime  importance  not  to 
shock  public  sentiment  in  the  slightest  degree.  The  officers  elected 
were  not  examined  as  to  competency  or  conditioned  in  any  respect ; 
they  were  commissioned  without  question.  The  result  was  that 
about  two-thirds  of  these  officers  failed  to  serve  their  full  term  of 
two  years,  having  been  discharged  or  having  resigned  in  the  mean 
time  ;  at  least  one-third  of  them  resigned  within  the  first  six  months. 
These  results  were  not  wholly  attributable  to  the  mere  fact  of  elec 
tion;  the  qualities  that  are  most  efficient  in  recruiting  soldiers  are 
generally  those  least  desirable  in  their  commanders.  The  good 
nature,  sociable,  easy  manners,  good-fellowship  and  other  such  traits 
as  attract  the  great  mass  of  mankind  are  generally  incompatible  with 
the  power  to  enforce  subordination  and  discipline.  This  failure  in 


32  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

active  service  of  those  officers  most  successful  in  recruiting  was 
not  confined  to  these  early  regiments  but  obtained  in  all  the  subse 
quent  levies  where  commissions  were  conferred  upon  inexperienced 
men  who  had  simply  recruited  the  requisite  number  of  privates. 
Of  course  the  least  qualified  of  these  officers,  sooner  or  later, 
"  dropped  out "  in  the  field,  but  it  was  an  expensive  process  in 
many  ways.  While  such  officers  did  remain  in  command  their  men 
suffered  through  their  inefficiency,  and  the  injurious  results  con 
tinued  in  force  after  they  had  resigned  or  been  discharged.  To  the 
foreign  critic  the  greatest  defect  in  our  volunteer  armies  was  the 
laxity  of  discipline,  and  it  is  doubtful  if  this  were  wholly  counter 
balanced  by  the  higher  intelligence  or  motives  of  our  troops  as 
compared  with  those  of  European  armies. 

Not  only  were  these  unversed  officers  unable  to  properly  dis 
cipline,  drill  and  instruct  their  men,  or  to  conduct  and  maneuvre 
them  in  the  field,  but  with  few  exceptions  they  were  ignorant  as  to 
all  matters  touching  the  health  and  comfort  of  the  men  under  their 
charge.  There  were  among  their  number,  men  who  had  had  some 
training  or  had  the  ability  to  quickly  acquire  the  requisite  knowledge 
and  to  enforce  military  discipline,  and  as  the  "  law  of  survival,  etc.," 
operated  these  were  recognized,  promoted  or  transferred  to  other 
commands.  From  these  thirty-eight  regiments  about  twenty  brig 
adier  generals  were  selected  and  some  of  these  again  promoted  to 
be  major  generals. 

In  harmony  with  the  general  plan  adopted,  General  John  A.  Dix 
had  been  appointed  major  general  and  on  May  i/th  a  General 
Order  (No.  41)  was  issued  by  Adjutant  General  Read,  organizing 
the  First  Division  of  State  Volunteers  under  command  of  General 
Dix,  to  consist  of  two  brigades  and  directing  General  Dix  to  hold 
an  election  for  brigadier  general  of  each  brigade  by  the  field  officers 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  33 

therein  respectively.  This  brought  about  a  distinct  collision  between 
the  State  and  General  Government,  in  which  the  former  had  the 
right  and  the  latter  the  victory.  There  can  be  no  doubt  but  that 
all  the  volunteers  accepted  from  the  States  were  so  accepted  as 
militia,  and  that  as  such  the  appointment  of  their  officers  was 
reserved  to  the  States  and  so  exercised  as  to  regimental  officers  up 
to  the  end  of  the  war.  There  can  be  no  doubt  but  that  the  authority 
of  appointment  reserved  to  the  States  extended  to  general  officers 
also.  It  was  however  seen  at  an  early  day  that  this  was  one  of  the 
points  where  strict  adherence  to  the  text  of  the  Constitution  must 
give  way  to  the  supreme  safety  of  the  nation.  All  through  the  war 
it  was  apparent  that  there  must  be  a  certain  elasticity  of  construction 
and  perhaps  a  certain  disregard  of  the  text  of  the  Constitution,  if 
the  union  of  the  States  was  to  be  preserved.  It  was  fortunate  that 
the  cases  where  such  a  strain  was  necessary  were  very  few,  since 
infrequent  as  they  were  they  gave  a  coherence  to  the  hollow  and 
despicable  clamor  of  the  "  Copperheads  "  during  the  struggle,  and 
have  since  encouraged  a  tendency  toward  centralization  in  our 
governmental  system  that  is  fraught  with  evil  possibilities. 

It  was  evident  that  if  the  troops  of  each  State  were  organized  into 
brigades  and  divisions  commanded  by  generals  elected  by  these 
constituencies  and  commissioned  by  the  State  authority,  the  control 
of  them  by  the  general  administration  would  be  seriously  weakened. 
The  several  armies  instead  of  being  each  a  compacted  force  would 
represent  mere  localities,  while  the  jealousies  and  rivalries  between 
the  several  brigades  and  divisions  would  be  shared  by  their  respec 
tive  States  and  counteract  the  closer  union  that  the  war  was  con 
ducing  to.  There  would  have  been  repeated  the  weakness  of  the 
allied  armies  of  the  old  German  Empire,  when  a  score  of  potentates 
furnished  their  distinct  quotas.  In  general  orders  from  the  War 
3 


34  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

Department  issued  May  4th,  giving  the  plan  of  organization  of  the 
volunteer  forces  called  into  the  service  of  the  United  States  by  the 
President,  it  was  announced  that  the  general  officers  and  their  staffs 
(except  aides-de-camp)  would  be  appointed  by  the  President  with 
the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate.    This  assumption  of  authority 
caused  much  discussion  and  even  alarm  on  the  part  of  patriotic 
men,  who  feared  that  it  was  the  precursor  of  such  encroachments 
by  the  central  government  as  would  in  the  end  destroy  our  federal 
system  as  originally  constructed  under  the  Constitution.    The  vast 
increase  of  patronage  by  the  President  was  also  represented  and 
by  some  it  was  held  that  the  States  would  resent  such  a  deprivation 
of  their  constitutional  rights.     On  the  other  hand  some  attempts 
were  made  to  show  that  the  volunteers  were  not  a  part  of  the  militia 
and  therefore  that  the  constitutional  reservation  to  the  States  did 
not  apply  to  their  officers.    I  was  much  interested  in  this  discussion 
and  finally  became  convinced  that  these  troops  were  a  part  of  the 
militia;  the  Constitution  gives  Congress  the  power  "to  raise  and 
support  armies  "  and  "  to  provide  for  calling  forth  the  militia  to 
execute  the  laws  of  the   Union,   suppress  insurrections  and  repel 
invasions,"  and  these  are  the  only  powers  granted  to  the  United 
States  in  regard  to  land  forces.     The  violation  of  the  laws  of  the 
Union  and  the  insurrection  by  the  Southern  States  strongly  indi 
cated  a  resort  to  the  militia,   and  the  result  was  that  while  the 
increase  of  the  regular  army  was  almost  inappreciable,  there  were 
millions    of    volunteer     militiamen    engaged    in    suppressing    the 
rebellion.     The  very  fact  that  the  appointment  of  all  regimental 
officers  was  left  with  the  States  indicates  the  nature  of  the  force. 
It  was  plainly  an  exigency  when  the  rigid  lines  of  the  Constitution 
had  to  swerve  in  the  interests  of  self  preservation.     There  was  now 
quoted  the  old  axiom,  soon  to  become  trite,  "  inter  anna  silent  leges." 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  35 

The  Governor  had  appointed  as  major  generals  of  the  State 
volunteers,  John  A.  Dix  and  James  S.  Wadsworth,  and  Lieutenant 
Governor  Campbell  was  sent  to  Washington  to  procure  their  recog 
nition,  but  the  President  through  Secretary  Cameron,  announced 
his  irrevocable  determination  to  appoint  general  officers,  and  not 
to  accept  troops  under  any  other  conditions. 

So  rapid  were  the  enlistments  for  these  first  regiments  that  the 
entire  number  of  30,000  men  was  accepted  within  three  weeks  from 
the  first  call,  and  on  May  7th  the  Governor  issued  a  general  order 
announcing  such  consummation  and  that  no  additional  force  could 
be  accepted,  and  advising  that  "  no  further  expenditure  of  time  or 
means  may  be  needlessly  incurred  by  the  patriotic  citizens  of  the 
State  in  further  efforts  for  organization."  The  members  of  the 
Military  Board  were  not  unanimous  in  approval  of  such  an 
announcement.  Mr.  Jones,  Secretary  of  State,  insisted  that  in  view 
of  the  probability  that  troops  would  be  required  beyond  existing 
calls,  it  would  be  bad  policy  to  discourage  or  disband  any  organi 
zations,  and  that  it  was  not  wise  to  weaken  any  patriotic  endeavor. 
However,  these  irregular  organizations  were  being  recruited  with 
out  the  authority  of  the  State,  and  the  Board  felt  compelled  to 
discountenance  them.  They  were  subsequently  a  source  of  much 
trouble  to  the  State  and  Federal  administrations. 

Before  all  of  the  two-years  regiments  reached  the  field,  there  were 
two  tragical  events  in  which  some  of  them  were  concerned.  Some 
allusion  was  made  on  page  29  to  the  Eleventh  Regiment,  known  as 
the  Fire  Zouaves,  commanded  by  Colonel  Ellsworth.  This  regi 
ment  being  on  May  24th  at  Alexandria,  Va.,  Colonel  Ellsworth 
directed  one  Jackson  to  take  down  from  the  staff  on  top  of  his 
hotel  a  secession  flag  flying  there,  and  not  being  obeyed,  the 
Colonel  went  himself  to  haul  it  down  and  was  shot  by  Jackson  and 


36  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

immediately  avenged  by  his  men,  who  riddled  the  assassin  with 
bullets.  Ellsworth  was  the  first  victim  of  the  war,  and  his  body  was 
conveyed  with  much  ceremony  for  burial  at  his  father's  home  at 
Mechanicville,  N.  Y.  Although  much  was  popularly  expected  of 
him,  he  was  simply  a  drill-master,  and  so  far  as  fame  is  concerned 
was  fortunate  in  his  early  death,  but  that  event  made  a  marked 
impression  that  the  war  was  a  stern  reality.  This  impression  was 
deepened  by  the  unfortunate  affair  at  Big  Bethel,  Va.,  on  June 
loth,  where  the  First,  Second,  Third,  Fifth  and  Seventh  Regiments, 
New  York  Volunteers,  were  prominently  engaged.  General 
Butler,  in  command  of  the  Union  forces  at  Newport  News,  had 
intended  to  surprise  the  rebels  under  General  Magruder,  and  the 
New  York  regiments  were  put  in  motion  before  daybreak,  when 
there  occurred  such  a  calamity  as  might  have  been  expected  from 
troops  and  officers  so  green.  The  Seventh  Regiment,  under 
Colonel  Bendix,  coming  upon  the  Third  under  Colonel  Townsend 
in  the  dawn,  mistook  it  for  a  rebel  force  and  fired  upon  it,  killing 
several  men  and  wounding  more.  This  fiasco  gave  the  alarm  to 
the  enemy  and  so  upset  the  Union  plans  that  the  subsequent  attack 
was  not  only  a  failure  but  a  signal  disaster.  Among  the  killed  were 
Major  Theodore  Winthrop,*  New  York  Volunteers,  acting  on 
General  Butler's  staff,  and  a  young  author  of  great  promise,  and 
Lieutenant  John  T.  Greble,f  Second  Regiment,  United  States 

*  Theodore  Winthrop  was  born  in  New  Haven,  Conn.,  September  22,  1828. 
He  graduated  from  Yale  1848,  and  the  following  year  went  to  Europe,  where 
he  remained  until  1851.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1855.  Then  visited 
California  and  Oregon  and  made  a  survey  of  a  canal  road  across  the  Isthmus 
of  Panama.  In  the  campaign  of  1856  he  was  an  ardent  and  eloquent  Fre 
mont  orator.  Before  the  war  he  had  established  his  reputation  as  an  author, 
but  at  the  outbreak  of  hostilities  he  enlisted  in  the  Seventh  New  York.  For 
a  time  he  acted  as  military  secretary  to  General  B.  F.  Butler,  with  whom  he 
planned  the  attack  on  Little  and  Big  Bethel,  at  the  latter  of  which  he  lost 
his  life  while  rallying  his  men  June  10,  1861. 

tjohn  T.  Greble  was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania.  He  graduated  from  the 
military  academy  in  1854  and  was  assigned  to  the  Second  Artillery  and  as 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  37 

Artillery.  Although  the  whole  affair  in  its  dimensions  and  casual 
ties  was  a  mere  skirmish  compared  with  the  great  battles  to  come, 
it  was  in  that  early  day  an  engagement  of  the  first  importance  and 
the  deaths  of  the  two  estimable  young  men  above  mentioned  brought 
a  chill  to  many  a  home  where  the  son  had  put  on  the  blue  uniform 
or  was  preparing  to  do  so.  It  gave  a  shocking  realism  to  a  contest 
that  so  far  had  been  an  ebullition  of  excitement  without  the  dark 
shadow  of  sudden  death  on  the  battlefield  to  overcast  it.  It  was 
the  reaction  from  this  that  made  us  magnify  the  successes  of 
General  McClellan  in  the  western  part  of  Virginia,  which,  however 
important  in  themselves  or  as  inspiring  our  hopes,  were  not  such 
guarantees  of  military  qualities  as  were  assumed. 

By  the  end  of  June  the  thirty-eight  regiments  authorized  by  the 
State  law  were  in  the  field;  nineteen  from  the  New  York  depot, 
nine  from  the  Albany  and  ten  from  the  Elmira  depot.  Their 
organization  was  that  of  the  regular  army  with  some  tincture  of 
the  old  militia  forms  and  nomenclature.  Reference  has  been  made 
to  the  term  "  ensign  "  for  second  lieutenant;  the  assistant  regimental 
surgeon  was  termed  "  surgeon's  mate; "  both  these  were  afterwards 
given  the  regular  title.  Surgeon  General  Samuel  O.  Vander  Poel 
exhibited  high  administrative  qualities,  both  in  regard  to  the  exami 
nation  of  recruits  and  their  sanitary  conditions  in  barracks,  and  also 
in  the  selection  of  surgeons  and  their  mates.  Of  course  through 
inexperience  these  matters  fell  short  of  what  was  subsequently 
accomplished.  Less  than  thirty-seven  per  cent  of  the  medical 
officers  of  these  regiments  resigned  or  were  discharged  before  the 
end  of  their  terms,  a  very  favorable  contrast  with  the  other  com 
missioned  officers. 

first  lieutenant  covered  the  retreat  of  our  defeated  troops  with  the  fire  of  his 
own  battery  at  Big  Bethel.  He  was  killed  June  10,  1861,  aged  27  years.  For 
the  service  he  rendered  in  this  engagement  he  was  brevetted  captain,  major 
and  lieutenant-colonel. 


38  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

Each  regiment  was  entitled  to  a  chaplain,  and  all  but  one  or  two 
took  one  to  the  field,  though  many  did  not  retain  them.  It  was  a 
fact  that  some  of  these  chaplains  were  frauds,  not  being  even 
ordained  ministers,  but  rollicking  acquaintances  of  the  officers  or 
newspaper  reporters  who  sought  this  easy  and  well  paid  position 
in  order  to  have  favorable  opportunities  for  reportorial  observation. 

Each  regiment  also  had  a  paymaster  to  pay  the  troops  and  officers 
while  in  the  State  service  and  not  accompanying  them  to  the  field. 
Paymaster  General  Thomas  B.  Van  Buren  was  not  a  good  business 
manager  and  the  pay-rolls  were  the  most  confusing  and  difficult 
of  the  vouchers  that  I  examined. 

Considering  all  things,  I  think  the  supplies  for  these  troops  were 
of  fair  quality,  and  their  commissariat  while  in  barracks  was  well 
selected  and  managed.  I  kept  at  general  headquarters  a  running 
account  of  military  property,  crediting  the  contractors  with  all 
deliveries  to  the  quartermaster  and  ordnance  departments,  and 
those  departments  with  their  issues  to  the  troops.  There  was 
great  difficulty  in  having  all  these  issues  conducted  in  accordance 
with  the  army  regulations,  which  were  unknown  and  even 
unattainable  to  the  great  mass  of  officers  concerned.  In  the  subse 
quent  adjustment  of  accounts  between  the  State  and  general 
governments  many  defects  and  omissions  in  the  forms  had  to  be 
disregarded. 

Though  neither  John  A.  Dix  nor  James  S.  Wadsworth,  who  had 
been  appointed  by  the  Governor  as  major  generals  of  these  troops, 
was  recognized  as  such  by  the  United  States  authorities,  General 
Dix  was  appointed  major  general  of  volunteers  with  rank  from  May 
1 6th  by  the  President,  and  General  Wadsworth*  was  appointed  a 

*  James  Samuel  Wadsworth  was  born  at  Geneseo,  N.  Y.,  October  30,  1807. 
He  was  educated  at  Harvard  and  studied  at  the  Albany  Law  School,  com- 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  39 

brigadier  general  of  volunteers  with  rank  from  August  Qth,  so  that 
both  these  accomplished  gentlemen  entered  the  active  service. 

I  had  official  opportunities  to  acquaint  myself  with  the  character 
of  all  the  successive  levies  for  the  service  made  in  New  York  and 
found  them  naturally  affected  in  character  by  the  changing  con 
ditions  and  spirit  of  the  times.  These  first  regiments  were  raised 
during  the  foaming  excitement  of  the  early  days  when  it  was 
generally  thought  that  the  war  would  be  concluded  within  a  few 
months,  and  its  serious  aspects  of  privation,  discomfort,  danger, 
suffering  and  death  were  scarcely  contemplated.  It  was  to  be  a 
picnic  on  a  grand  scale,  with  brass  buttons,  tinsel,  silk  banners  and 
music  to  enliven  it,  and  the  fun  to  be  hallowed  by  its  patriotic  pur 
pose.  The  adventurous  and  frolicsome  were  attracted  while  the 
apparently  temporary  needs  of  the  country  did  not  demand  any 


pleting  his  course  with  Daniel  Webster.  He  never  practiced  his  profession, 
however,  but  devoted  his  time  exclusively  to  the  management  of  his  vast 
estates  in  Livingston  county,  which  amounted  to  15,000  acres.  In  1852  he 
was  elected  president  of  the  State  Agricultural  Society,  with  which  up  to  the 
time  of  his  death  he  was  conspicuously  identified.  He  supported  the  Free 
Soil  party  in  1848,  but  was  a  presidential  elector  on  the  Republican  ticket 
1856  and  1860.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  peace  convention  in  Washington  in 
1861,  and  at  the  beginning  of  the  war  was  one  of  the  first  men  who  was 
willing  to  surrender  the  comforts  of  a  luxurious  home  to  the  deprivations 
and  sufferings  of  the  field.  When  communication  with  Washington  was  sus 
pended,  he  chartered  two  ships  at  his  own  expense,  loaded  them  with  provi- 
sionsand  accompanied  them  to  Annapolis.  He  was  at  the  battle  of  Bull  Run 
as  volunteer  aide  to  General  McDowell.  March  15,  1862,  he  was  appointed 
military  governor  of  the  District  of  Columbia.  That  fall  he  was  the  unsuc 
cessful  candidate  for  Governor  of  New  York,  nominated  by  the  Republicans. 
He  took  part  in  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg  as  a  division  commander  and 
displayed  great  military  judgment.  At  Gettysburg  his  division  was  the  first 
to  engage  the  enemy  and  his  losses  aggregated  2,400  out  of  4,000 
men.  He  was  one  of  the  few  generals  who  voted  in  favor  of  pursuing  the 
enemy  after  Pickett's  disastrous  charge  on  the  3d  of  July.  On  the  reorgan 
ization  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  he  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the 
fourth  division  of  the  Fifth  Corps,  which  constituted  part  of  his  old  com 
mand.  May  6,  1864,  at  the  battle  of  the  Wilderness,  he  was  shot  in  the  head 
and  lingered  for  two  days. 


40  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

sacrifice  from  the  steady,  and  thoughtful  men,  who  had  other 
responsibilities  upon  them.  There  were  some  few  who,  foreseeing 
the  deadly  character,  if  not  the  duration  of  the  strife,  put  aside  all 
business,  social  and  domestic'  claims  and  entered  the  ranks  or 
accepted  commissions  in  April  and  May,  1861.  The  greater  num 
ber,  however,  did  not  expect  or  were  not  prepared  for  the  stern 
ordeal  of  defeat,  delay,  suspense  and  painful  toil  that  awaited  them. 
But  when  these  regiments  were  later  subjected  to  drill  and  to 
the  discharge  of  everyday  duties  and  were  seasoned  by  skirmishes 
and  battles,  by  victories  and  defeats,  they  rendered  good  service  and 
sustained  the  honor  of  the  State. 

When  the  levy  was  completed  there  was  a  large  number  of 
enlisted  men  in  detached  companies  and  other  fragmentary  organi 
zations  throughout  the  State,  which  subsequently  became  part  of 
the  second  levy,  though  the  actual  recruitment  should  be  credited 
to  the  first  lew. 


No.  2. 
SECOND  LEVY— JULY  J,  J86J,  TO  MARCH  3J,  1862. 


BY  the  ist  of  July  all  of  the  thirty-eight  regiments  raised  under 
the  State  law  had  been  mustered  into  the  United  States 
service  and  had  been  despatched  to  the  seat  of  war.  There  remained 
the  settlement  of  many  accounts  for  materials  and  service,  and  these 
under  the  general  direction  of  General  Patrick  were  carefully 
audited  and  paid  mostly  within  a  month's  time.  The  Military  Board 
continued  its  sessions,  which  were  largely  engrossed  by  attempts 
to  fix  or  evade  the  responsibility  for  the  inferior  uniforms  accepted 
under  the  contracts.  As  before  said,  I  have  never  believed  that  any 
of  the  members  of  this  Board  or  any  other  State  officers  were 
corrupt  in  these  transactions.  The  failure  to  secure  the  best 
clothing,  etc.,  may  be  fairly  attributed  to  the  extent  of  the  pur 
chases,  the  hurried  manner  of  their  initiation  and  completion  and 
the  almost  absolute  inexperience  of  all  concerned  in  them.  To 
this  may  be  added  the  divided  and  personally  vague  responsibility 
of  a  cumbrous  board  which  the  Legislature  had  constituted  through 
that  jealousy  of  the  "  one-man  power "  of  the  Executive  which 
has  been  so  characteristic  in  our  State  governments.  Within  the 
board  itself  this  jealousy  raged  and  did  further  public  injury.  It 
was  evident  that  certain  military  authorities  could  be  far  better 
exercised  by  the  Governor  alone  as  commander-in-chief  than  by 


42  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

this  motley  board,  but  on  several  occasions  resolutions  to  confer 
such  authority  upon  him  were  voted  down.  It  is  not  strange  that 
of  the  members  of  that  board  the  Governor  alone  retained  his 
political  influence. 

About  the  middle  of  the  month,  Attorney  General  Myers  and 
Treasurer  Dorsheimer,  as  a  committee  of  the  board,  visited  the 
regiments  about  Washington  and  reported  certain  deficiencies  in 
equipment  which  were  repaired. 

I  can  recall  vividly  those  three  first  weeks  in  July  which  followed 
our  engrossment  in  military  preparation.  There  was  nothing  very 
exciting  going  on  in  the  field;  General  McClellan  continued  his 
several  successes  in  Virginia  and  defeated  the  rebels  in  an  engage 
ment  at  Carricks  Ford  on  July  12,  thus  clearing  Virginia  west 
of  the  Blue  Ridge.  These  events  were  cheerful,  but  their  larger 
importance  was  in  the  establishment  of  McClellan's  fame  that  led 
to  his  subsequent  promotion  as  general-in-chief.  The  concentra 
tion  of  troops  about  Washington  under  General  McDowell  was  the 
most  significant  event,  and  we  now  believed  that  city  safe  and  the 
suppression  of  the  rebellion  certainly  at  hand.  Our  Albany  officials 
were  mostly  strong  partisans  of  Secretary  Seward  and  probably 
imbibed  his  optimistic  opinion  that  the  contest  would  not  exceed 
a  few  months.  We  underlings,  whose  retention  in  service  depended 
upon  continued  hostilities,  met  in  the  Adjutant-General's  office  in 
those  summer  evenings  and  discussed  the  probabilities  of  early  dis 
missal  and  the  need  of  searching  for  employment.  Daily  in  my 
own  office  in  the  southeastern  corner  of  the  second  story  of  that  old 
capitol  I  sat  by  the  windows  looking  out  upon  the  trees  and  lawn, 
meditating  what  means  of  livelihood  I  should  adopt  when  the  brief 
rebellion  collapsed.  I  was  a  type  of  so  many  others  soon  to  be 
stricken  and  shocked. 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  43 

The  papers  began  now  to  announce  the  early  movement  of  our 
army  upon  the  force  of  rebels  massed  a  few  miles  west  of  Wash 
ington,  commanded  by  General  Beauregard.  I  have  mentioned 
that  these  first  levies  of  troops  contained  some  light  material,  the 
scum  of  patriotic  ferment,  the  adventurous  and  thoughtless  who 
viewed  the  contest  as  an  exciting  picnic.  So  now  we  heard  of  the 
Congressmen  and  others  who  were  going  to  accompany  our  army 
in  carriages,  supplied  with  lunch  baskets  and  wine,  as  if  on  a 
pleasure  jaunt.  What  indeed  could  be  more  satisfactory  and 
pleasurable  than  to  see  our  valiant  troops  "  bag  "  these  ill-advised 
rebels?  What  could  resist  our  army  panoplied  in  the  majesty  of 
the  Union,  the  power  of  the  Right,  the  invincibility  of  Freedom? 
The  war  correspondents  with  glowing  phrase — alas  so  soon  to 
become  trite  and  inexpressive — depicted  the  advance  of  the  army 
on  July  1 6th,  accompanied  by  its  hordes  of  non-combatants,  mov 
ing  slowly  as  became  its  stateliness,  its  irresistible  power.  Since 
May  27th,  when  placed  in  command,  General  McDowell  had  been 
disciplining  his  troops  as  best  he  could,  though  as  the  larger  portion 
had  reached  him  within  four  weeks  before  his  advance,  the  drilling 
had  been  meagre.  We,  however,  had  such  absolute  confidence  in 
our  cause  that  any  such  lack  of  preparation  seemed  very  trivial. 
Day  by  day  the  papers  gave  us  the  picturesque  incidents  of  the 
march  with  flattering  prognostications  of  victory.  Even  our  news 
on  the  morning  of  Monday  the  22d  was  very  encouraging,  but 
about  noon  of  that  day  dispatches  reached  Albany  first  that  there 
had  been  a  check  and  then  the  terrible  announcement  of  defeat — a 
rout — a  retreat — then  in  an  exaggeration  quite  as  vivid  as  that  of 
our  invincible  advance  came  the  intelligence  of  disorganization  and 
panic,  of  the  flight  towards  Washington,  of  a  demoralized  mob,  of 
intermingled  "  warriors  "  and  civilians  crying  "  the  devil  take  the 


44  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

hindmost ",  and  of  the  probable  capture  of  the  capital.  What  an 
agonizing  shock!  At  the  first  there  was  humiliation,  shame, 
despair.  We  were  still  in  the  frothy  sentimental  stage  of  patriotism 
of  those  early  days — quickly  depressed,  but  fortunately  as  quickly 
recovering  from  the  dejection.  In  a  day  or  so,  our  thoughts  were 
again  bent  on  the  future  and  the  means  to  shape  it. 

Now  that  we  look  back  upon  the  war  as  a  whole,  the  significance, 
indeed  the  fitting  purpose  of  Bull  Run  as  the  first  great  link  in  the 
chain  of  events  can  be  recognized.  The  panic  of  our  troops  was 
no  stain  upon  our  manhood;  fresh,  undrilled  troops,  many  of  them 
with  terms  of  service  about  expiring,  led  by  regimental  and  com 
pany  officers  quite  as  fresh  and  uninstructed,  did  not  in  any  proper 
sense  make  an  army.  We  know  now  that  the  rebel  troops  were 
quite  as  panicky  and  disorganized  and  unable  to  take  any  advantage 
of  the  retreat  of  our  men.  The  ridiculous  features  of  that  rout 
can  now  be  enjoyed — the  capture  of  the  picnicking  Congressmen; 
the  early  retreat  of  the  troops  whose  service  expired  in  the  midst 

of  the  battle  and  as  General  McDowell  reported,  "  marched  to  the 

-tr 
rearpf  the  sound  of  the  enemy's  cannon."     Such  was  the  cowardly 

feat  of  a  New  York  city  battery  commanded  by  Captain  James 
Lynch,  and  it  is  a  signal  evidence  of  the  catholic  charity  and  liber 
ality  of  the  Tammany  party  that  less  than  four  months  later  it 
elected  Captain  Lynch  to  the  lucrative  office  of  sheriff  of  New  York 
city  and  county. 

The  disaster  at  Bull  Run  convinced  us  that  a  single  battle  would 
not  extinguish  the  rebellion,  and  that  the  majesty  of  the  right  must 
be  sustained  by  well  organized  and  trained  battalions.  We  now 
extended  the  probable  term  of  the  war  from  six  months  to  a  whole 
year. 

Congress  had  on  July  4th  convened  in  special  session  ending  on 
August  6th,  the  legislation  being  almost  wholly  military  and  finan- 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  45 

cial.  Provision  was  made  for  the  calling  of  a  volunteer  force  not 
to  exceed  five  hundred  thousand  men,  for  an  increase  and  reorgani 
zation  of  the  regular  army  and  for  the  employment  of  the  militia 
upon  the  call  of  the  President.  The  first  of  these  acts  passed  July 
22d,  two  days  after  the  disaster  at  Bull  Run,  and  under  its  pro 
visions  the  President  made  an  immediate  call  for  volunteers,  and 
Governor  Morgan  issued  on  the  25th  a  proclamation  calling  "  for 
a  volunteer  force  of  twenty-five  thousand  men  to  serve  for  three 
years  or  during  the  war." 

At  this  time  the  three-months  militia  from  this  State  had  either 
returned  or  were  on  their  way  home.  The  volunteer  regiments 
in  the  field  comprised  the  thirty-eight  two-years  regiments  organ 
ized  under  the  State  law,  the  four  militia  regiments  (Second,  Ninth, 
Fourteenth  and  Seventy-ninth)  that  had  been  forced  to  enlist  "  for 
the  war  (vide  page  30,  supra)  and  eight  irregularly  organized  regi 
ments  subsequently  remanded  to  the  State  supervision,  of  which 
more  anon;  and  three  batteries  of  light  artillery,  a  total  force  of 
about  40,000  men.  Of  this  force  there  had  been  engaged  at  Big 
Bethel  five  of  the  two-years  regiments  (vide  page  36,  supra)  and 
at  Bull  Run  seven  of  the  two-years  regiments,  viz.:  the  Eighth, 
Eleventh,  Thirteenth,  Eighteenth,  Twenty-seventh,  Thirty-first  and 
Thirty-eighth,  and  one  of  the  irregular  regiments  (subsequently  the 
Thirty-ninth  Infantry)  were  engaged,  but  the  aggregate  casualties 
in  all  these  would  not  reduce  the  number  on  July  25th  much  below 
the  40,000  above  given. 

Much  care  was  given  to  the  preparation  of  the  general  orders 
for  the  organization  of  the  additional  regiments,  in  which  I  had 
a  share.  Fortunately  the  Governor  was  supreme  now,  the  function 
of  the  Military  Board  appertaining  only  to  the  two-year  troops. 

General  Order  No.  78,  issued  on  July  3Oth,  provided  for  a  regi 
mental  organization  of  ten  companies  as  fixed  by  General  Order 


46  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

No.  15,  U.  S.  Army  (May  4,  1861),  for  the  regular  army.  The 
depots  of  organization  at  New  York,  Albany  and  Elmira  were  con 
tinued.*  When  thirty-two  volunteers  had  been  inspected  and 
accepted,  they  were  authorized  to  elect  by  ballot  a  captain  and 
lieutenant  of  the  company,  the  remaining  officers  to  be  nominated 
when  the  company  was  completed.  The  field  officers  were  to  be 
appointed  by  the  Governor,  as  commander-in-chief,  and  all  officers 
had  to  pass  a  military  examination  before  acceptance.  It  will  be 
observed  that  so  far  as  the  company  officers  were  concerned  the 
plan  of  election  by  the  recruits  was  continued.  There  was  still 
a  general  recognition  that  all  the  volunteer  troops  were  a  part  of 
the  militia  of  the  State.  Then,  too,  there  was  the  advantage  that 
this  contingency  of  a  commission  was  a  great  incentive  to  recruiting, 
and  in  every  instance  within  my  observation  the  person  who 
enlisted  the  necessary  number  of  recruits,  received  their  votes  for 
the  office.  Recruiting  was  in  many  cases  expensive;  though  the 
general  government  reimbursed  the  officers  for  a  part  of  these 
expenses  it  was  usually  the  minor  part  only.  The  declination  of 
the  general  government  by  general  orders  of  May  7th  to  receive 
any  further  troops,  had  discouraged  recruiting  in  the  rural  districts, 
as  also  did  the  organization  in  the  cities  of  many  irregular  organi 
zations  which  for  awhile  occupied  an  anomalous  position,  their  serv 
ices  in  many  cases  being  accepted  by  the  United  States,  into  whose 
service  the  enlisted  men  were  mustered,  while  the  officers  remained 
without  commissions.  Among  these  regiments  were  those  included 
in  what  was  called  the  "  Sickles'  brigade,"  composed  of  five  regi 
ments  raised  in  New  York,  of  one  of  which  Daniel  E.  Sickles  was 
the  colonel  (subsequently  the  Seventieth  Infantry),  and  who  was 
appointed  by  the  President  a  brigadier  general  on  September 

*  See  Appendix  B. 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  47 

3d.  General  Sickles  and  other  officers  connected  with  these 
regiments  were  contemptuous  of  the  State  authority,  in  the 
belief  that  they  would  be  accepted  as  United  States  Volun 
teers  and  thus  be  superior  to  the  State  troops.  Of  course  this 
was  absurd,  since  there  were  only  three  recognized  classes  of 
troops — the  regular  army,  the  militia,  volunteer  or  drafted  and 
mustered  into  service  for  three  years,  and  the  ordinary  militia 
organizations  called  into  service  for  short  periods.  There  was  evi 
dently  some  looseness  of  opinion  on  this  subject  in  the  War  Depart 
ment  since  authorizations  were  issued  thence  to  persons  to  raise 
regiments  independently  of  the  State  authority,  but  such  author 
izations  ceased  after  May  3ist,  and  on  September  3d  general  orders 
(No.  95)  of  the  W^ar  Department  directed  all  persons  who  had 
received  authority  to  raise  volunteers  in  the  State  of  New  York,  to 
report  unreservedly  to  Governor  Morgan,  and  that  all  officers  of 
regiments,  etc.,  "  raised  in  the  State  of  New  York,  independent  of 
the  State  authorities "  could  receive  commissions  from  the  Gov 
ernor.  Thus  was  fortunately  terminated  a  practice  that  would  have 
brought  most  embarrassing  results.  The  conflict  between  the  two 
governments  in  recruiting  in  each  State,  the  jealousies  of  the 
officers  and  other  complications  would  have  been  disastrous,  irre 
spective  of  the  grave  constitutional  questions  raised.  Subsequently 
the  colored  troops  raised  in  the  insurrectionary  States  were  termed 
United  States  Volunteers,  but  were  in  fact  a  temporary  increase  of 
the  regular  army.  Sixteen  infantry  regiments  were  thus  remanded 
to  the  State  authority,  and  so  far  satisfied  the  quota  allotted  to  New 
York  on  the  President's  calls.  Many  of  these  regiments  were 
almost  wholly  composed  of  men  of  foreign  birth,  a  fact  amply  illus 
trated  by  the  names  of  the  colonels — as  D'Utassy,  Von  Gilsa, 
Kozlay,  Kryzanowski,  De  Trobriand,  Von  Amsberg,  Rosa,  D'Epi- 


48  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

neuil  and  Betge.  Several  regiments  of  cavalry  and  batteries  of 
artillery  that  were  being  recruited  under  authorizations  from 
the  War  Department  were  remanded  by  the  same  general 
orders  to  the  State  authority.  The  recruiting  under  the  latter 
authority  was  not  very  active  during  this  period;  the  conflict 
between  the  two  sources  of  authority  had  a  depressing  effect, 
and  the  disaster  at  Bull  Run  was  not  relieved  by  any  successes  in 
the  east,  while  the  defeat  at  Wilsons  Creek,  Missouri,  terminating  in 
the  death  of  the  gallant  General  Lyon,*  on  August  loth,  was  fol 
lowed  about  a  month  later  by  the  surrender  of  Lexington  in  the 
same  State  by  Colonel  Mulligan.  A  month  later  (October  2Oth), 

*  Nathaniel  Lyon  was  born  at  Ashford,  Conn.  His  granduncle,  Colonel 
Knowlton,  was  killed  in  action  at  Harlem  Heights.  Lyon  graduated  from 
West  Point  in  the  class  of  1841,  and  was  assigned  to  the  Second  Infantry. 
He  served  through  the  Seminole  and  Mexican  Wars.  Was  wounded  at  the 
Belen  Gate  of  the  capital.  For  several  years  thereafter  he  saw  considerable 
Indian  service  in  California.  He  took  part  in  the  Kansas  struggle  as  captain 
in  the  Second  Infantry,  and  was  stationed  at  Fort  Scott  when  Sumter  was 
fired  upon.  He  was  commissioned  brigadier-general  of  volunteers  May  17, 
1861,  and  through  his  knowledge,  energy,  determination  and  sagacity  Mis 
souri  was  held  to  the  Union.  At  the  conference  of  July  n,  1861,  between 
Governor  Jackson  and  General  Price  on  one  side  and  Colonel  Blair  and 
General  Lyon  on  the  other,  Lyon  brought  the  proceedings  to  a  close  at  the 
end  of  four  or  five  hours  by  declaring:  "  Rather  than  concede  to  the  State 
of  Missouri  the  right  to  demand  that  my  Government  shall  not  enlist  troops 
within  her  limits,  or  bring  troops  into  the  State  whenever  it  pleases,  or  move 
its  troops  at  its  own  will  into,  out  of  or  through  the  State;  rather  than  con 
cede  to  the  State  of  Missouri  for  a  single  instant,  the  right  to  dictate  to 
my  Government  in  any  matter,  however  unimportant,  I  would  "  (rising  as  he 
said  this,  and  pointing  in  turn  to  every  one  in  the  room)  "  see  you,  and  you, 
and  you,  and  every  man,  woman  and  child  in  the  State,  dead  and  buried." 
Then  turning  to  the  Governor  he  said:  "This  means  war.  In  an  hour  one 
of  my  officers  will  call  for  you  and  conduct  you  out  of  my  lines."  Subse 
quently  he  captured  the  State  militia  at  Camp  Jackson,  drove  the  Governor 
from  the  capitol  and  all  his  troops  to  the  farthest  corner  of  the  State,  held 
Price  and  McCullouch  until  the  Union  men  had  time  to  assemble,  deposed 
the  Governor  and  Lieutenant-Governor  and  all  of  the  members  of  the  Gen 
eral  Assembly.  He  was  killed  at  Wilsons  Creek  August  10,  1861,  aged  42 
years. 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  49 

occurred  the  calamitous  affair  at  Balls  Bluff  on  the  Potomac  and  the 
killing  of  Colonel  Baker,*  the  Oregon  Senator  and  soldier.  A  week 
or  so  later  the  capture  of  the»forts  at  Hilton  Head  and  Phillips 
Island  by  the  expedition  under  General  T.  W.  Sherman  and  Com 
modore  Dupont  gave  us  a  valuable  lodgment  on  the  Atlantic  coast 
and  a  depot  of  supplies  and  base  of  operations  at  Port  Royal,  S.  C., 
but  this  achievement  was  not  sufficient  to  encourage  enlistments. 
These,  however,  steadily  continued  during  the  fall  and  winter,  par 
tially  during  the  latter  part  of  the  time  for  regiments  in  the  field. 

The  militia  Brigadier  Generals  Yates,  Rathbone  and  Van  Valken- 
burgh,  who  had  respectively  commanded  the  depots  at  New  York, 
Albany  and  Elmira,  under  the  previous  call,  were  continued  in  com 
mand,  and  each  was  provided  with  a  full  staff  of  assistants. f  The 
War  Department,  by  general  orders  (No.  58)  issued  on  August  I5th, 
proposed  to  establish  near  New  York  and  Elmira  camps  of 
rendezvous  and  instruction  for  volunteers  under  the  command  of 
officers  of  the  army,  but  these  orders  were  never  carried  out;  in 
fact  there  was  too  great  a  lack  of  such  officers  to  permit  such  a 
scheme.  So,  early  as  April  26th,  Governor  Morgan  had  requested 

*  Edward  Dickenson  Baker  was  born  in  London,  England,  February  24, 
1811.  At  the  age  of  five  years  he  came  to  America.  Later  he  moved  to 
Springfield,  111.,  where  he  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  In  1837 
he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Legislature.  Three  years  later  promoted  to 
the  Senate;  1844  sent  to  Congress.  He  fought  with  great  distinction  at  the 
head  of  his  regiment  during  the  Mexican  War  and  commanded  a  brigade 
after  General  Shields  was  wounded  at  Cerro  Gordo.  He  served  again  in 
Congress  from  December,  1849,  until  March  3,  1851,  declining  renomina- 
tion.  The  gold  fever  found  him  in  California,  where  he  at  once  took  rank 
as  a  leader  of  the  bar.  In  1860  he  was  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate 
from  Oregon.  When  Sumter  was  fired  upon,  he  repaired  to  New  York  and 
raised  what  was  called  the  California  Regiment,  several  companies  having 
been  recruited  in  Philadelphia.  At  Balls  Bluff  he  commanded  a  brigade  and 
fell  mortally  wounded. 

tSee  Appendix  B.     "Headquarters,  Depots,  etc." 


5O  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

the  Secretary  of  War  to  assign  the  West  Point  cadets  of  the  first 
class  from  this  State  to  duty  with  the  regiments  of  volunteers  as 
military  instructors.  The  answer  was  that  the  early  graduation  of 
the  first  class  of  cadets  was  under  consideration,  and  that  if  possible 
the  Governor's  request  would  be  granted,  but  the  scarcity  of  army 
officers  might  render  it  necessary  to  assign  these  cadets  immediately 
to  active  commands  in  the  service,  and  indeed  this  necessity  was 
so  overwhelming  that  these  newly-fledged  warriors  were  soon  in 
high  commands,  even  as  colonels  and  generals,  reaching  in  a  few 
months  the  rank  that  was  attained  by  few  during  life-long  service 
in  peaceful  days. 

Adjutant  General  Read,  who  had  been  overburdened  by  his 
duties,  both  through  bodily  weakness  and  lack  of  qualifications, 
resigned  on  August  I5th,  and  was  succeeded  by  Thomas  Hillhouse, 
of  Geneva,  late  senator  from  that  district,  who  proved  to  be  an 
earnest  and  untiring  official. 

By  a  letter  on  August  3d  to  Governor  Morgan,  the  Secretary  of 
War  authorized  him  to  make  requisitions  upon  the  various  bureaus 
of  the  War  Department  for  expenses  incurred  in  the  organization  of 
troops  under  the  recent  call,  and  this  letter  was  the  basis  for  the 
subsequent  adjustment  of  accounts  covering  a  large  aggregate 
sum,  payable  from  the  appropriation  by  Congress  on  August  5th 
of  twenty  millions  for  the  expenses  of  collecting,  drilling  and  organ 
izing  volunteers.  A  large  part  of  this  fund  was  disbursed  through 
army  officers  stationed  in  the  principal  cities,  most  of  them  being 
of  that  unfortunate  number  paroled  when  General  Twiggs  treacher 
ously  surrendered  his  army  in  Texas.  These  officers  trained  in 
the  rigid  requirements  and  formalities  of  the  army,  insisted  upon 
vouchers  and  forms  that  most  of  the  recruiting  officers  could  not 
furnish,  since  they  were  ignorant  of  these  requisites  at  the  time 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  51 

when  their  accounts  accrued  and  could  not  repair  their  defects. 
These  disbursing  officers  at  a  later  day  were  more  liberal  and  con 
siderate,  under  orders  of  the  War  Department  relaxing  the  strict 
ness  of  regulations.  An  edition  of  the  General  Regulations  of  the 
United  States  Army  was  published  by  the  State  in  June,  1861,  for 
the  use  of  its  own  officials,  but  very  few  of  the  persons  engaged 
in  enlistments  ever  saw  it. 

There  was  from  the  very  beginning  of  the  war  a  clashing  with 
the  regular  military  establishment.  The  militia,  the  volunteers, 
the  State  officials  and  the  people,  full  of  patriotic  aspirations  and 
ardor,  eager  each  to  do  his  utmost  to  aid  their  assaulted  country, 
found  their  efforts  hampered  and  entangled  in  the  web  of  military 
formalism;  this  latter  had  its  uses  and  value,  perhaps  never  more 
strongly  than  in  this  period  of  dizzy  effervescence,  but  it  might  have 
been,  yet  was  not,  tempered  by  a  just  discretion.  The  iron  wall  of 
military  discipline  and  precedent  would  not  yield  even  to  the  fervid 
importunity  of  patriots  rushing  to  arms.  The  most  exasperating 
of  these  army  officers  were  those  attached  to  the  staff  departments, 
particularly  the  quartermaster's,  The  officer  in  charge  of  that 
branch  at  New  York  when  the  war  began  was  Colonel  Daniel  D. 
Tompkins,  one  of  the  assistant  quartermasters  general,  who 
delighted  in  scolding,  abusing  and  cursing  the  unfortunate  volun 
teer  officers  who  had  business  with  him,  and  in  this  respect  was 
a  type  of  many  of  his  fellows.  I  recall  a  ludicrous  incident  in 
the  autumn  of  1862  when  he  was  finally  discomfited.  The  One 
Hundred  and  Eleventh  Regiment  Infantry  (of  the  third  levy), 
raised  at  Auburn,  was  commanded  by  Colonel  Jesse  Segoine,  an  old 
brigadier  general  of  militia,  noted  for  his  bruskness  and  vituperative 
fluency.  His  regiment  should  have  gone  to  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac  via  Elmira  and  Harrisburg,  Pa.,  as  the  shortest  route,  but 


52  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

Colonel  Segoine  for  some  reason  wanted  to  pass  through  New 
York,  and  by  the  influence  of  his  distinguished  fellow  townsman, 
Secretary  Seward,  got  leave  to  do  so.  When  he  applied  to  Colonel 
Tompkins,  at  his  office  on  State  street,  opposite  the  Battery,  for 
his  transportation  papers  for  Washington,  that  officer  began  his 
usual  tirade,  damning  Colonel  Segoine  for  his  round-about  route 
and  objurgating  in  red-hot  terms  all  volunteer  colonels.  The 
imperturbability  of  Colonel  Segoine  inflamed  the  irascible  quarter 
master,  and  he  cursed  until  the  air  was  blue  and  until,  out  of  breath, 
he  had  to  desist.  Then  the  volunteer  colonel  began  in  a  cool  but 
stentorian  voice  to  return  the  malediction,  in  such  new  and  endless 
flow  of  execration  that  the  old  regular  stood  aghast  and  finally  over 
come  by  the  interminable  array  of  new  phrases  of  denunciation  and 
blasphemy  he  begged  his  master  in  Billingsgate  and  imprecation 
to  go  out  and  take  a  drink.  When  at  our  headquarters  in  Walker 
street  we  heard  of  Colonel  Tompkins'  ignominious  discomfiture  in 
the  field  of  filth  where  he  had  reigned  supreme  there  was  general 
rejoicing,  and  for  many  days  thereafter  volunteer  officers  found 
the  late  truculent  quartermaster  quiet  and  even  courteous  in  his 
official  demeanor. 

The  attitude  of  the  United  States  authorities  regarding  facilities 
for  recruiting  was  various;  it  was  adverse  in  the  difficulty  or 
impossibility  of  obtaining  reimbursement  for  expenses,  so  costly  was 
it  that  only  the  hope  of  obtaining  a  commission  gave  encourage 
ment.  At  first  it  was  proposed  to  pay  the  enlisted  men  only  from 
date  of  muster,  but  this  was  soon  abandoned  and  payment  made 
from  date  of  enlistment,  but  even  so  late  as  June,  after  the  minute- 
men  from  our  militia  had  been  several  weeks  guarding  Washington, 
there  was  required  some  urgence  to  obtain  their  payment  from  the 
date  they  abandoned  family  and  business  to  protect  the  threatened 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  53 

capital.  There  were  discouragements  in  the  frequent  decisions  that 
no  more  troops  were  required,  followed  at  intervals  by  an  urgent 
call  for  them;  and  the  unsettled  question  as  to  whom  application 
for  authority  should  be  made  for  several  months  disturbed  the 
military  mind.  I  have  called  attention  to  several  New  York  regi 
ments  (p.  47,  supra)  composed  almost  entirely  of  foreigners,  and 
by  a  general  order  of  July  I9th  the  War  Department  announced 
'*  in  future  no  volunteer  will  be  mustered  into  the  service  who  is 
unable  to  speak  the  English  language."  There  were  many  such 
foreigners  ready  for  enlistment,  generally  Germans  with  a  military 
training,  and  this  injudicious  order  was  modified  on  August  3d  so 
as  to  permit  the  muster  of  foreigners  into  regiments  of  their  own 
nationality.  The  order  of  August  I2th  that  all  regiments  should 
be  for  a  term  of  three  years  was  a  sound  one,  but  it  sensibly 
arrested  enlistments.  There  was  also  some  discouragement  regard 
ing  the  period  for  muster-in  of  officers,  which,  however,  was  modi 
fied  in  September.  The  State  General  Orders  of  July  3Oth  (No.  78) 
provided  that  the  pay  of  the  captain  and  first  lieutenant  of  a  com 
pany  might  date  from  their  acceptance  with  32  men,  and  the  United 
States  Pay  Department  subsequently  ratified  this  order,  but  it  was 
not  extended  to  officers  of  organizations  raised  under  later  orders 
who  received  pay  only  from  date  of  their  muster-in  to  the  United 
State  service. 

On  the  other  hand  Congress  increased  the  pay  of  privates  from 
$11  to  $13  per  month,  but  this  additional  $24  for  a  year's  service 
could  not  be  accounted  an  inducement.  A  beneficent  arrangement 
under  the  law  was  made  for  the  allotment  of  an  optional  part  of  a 
private's  pay  for  the  benefit  of  his  family,  such  allotments  being 
secured  at  the  time  of  enlistment,  when  domestic  attachment  was 
strong  and  before  the  demoralizing  effect  of  military  life  had  im- 


54  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

paired  it.  These  allotments  served  an  excellent  purpose,  not  only 
in  aiding  the  support  of  the  dependent  families,  but  in  preserving 
even  in  that  slight  form  the  tie  with  home  that  might  in  many  cases 
have  been  severed  by  absence  and  the  degrading  effect  of  warfare.* 
It  was  provided  by  the  act  of  July  22,  1861,  that  not  only  should 
the  volunteers  receive  the  same  pay,  allowances  and  pensions  as 
soldiers  in  the  regular  army,  but  also  that  a  bounty  of  one  hundred 
dollars  should  be  paid  to  the  widow  or  heirs  of  any  volunteer  who 
was  killed  or  who  died  in  the  service.  This  was  doubtless  an 
inducement,  though  overshadowed  soon  by  the  increasing  bounties 
paid  at  time  of  enlistment,  and  not  after  date  of  discharge,  which 
in  many  cases  would  be  post-mortem,  like  a  life  insurance.  Another 
act  considerably  increased  the  army  ration  during  the  period  of 
"  the  present  insurrection,"  and  a  general  order  of  August  reduced 
the  minimum  stature  of  recruits  from  the  standard  of  five  feet  four 
and  a  half  inches  to  five  feet  three  inches.  The  War  Department 
also  gave  its  attention  to  many  details  hitherto  overlooked,  such 
as  the  record  of  evidences  on  which  pensions  might  be  granted, 
and  to  the  interment  of  deceased  soldiers  and  proper  identification 
of  the  places  of  their  burial. 

The  State  in  August  made  an  offer  of  a  premium  (miscalled 
"bounty")  of  two  dollars  per  man  on  every  thirty-two  recruits 
presented  and  passed  at  the  depots;  this  was  intended  as  a  partial 
reimbursement  of  expenses,  but  it  was  found  that  the  United  States 
would  not  recognize  nor  probably  refund  such  advances,  having 
by  law  (§  9,  Act  Aug.  3)  abolished  such  premium.  The  State, 
therefore,  rescinded  its  order  on  October  I7th,  but  I  cannot  now 
recall  the  aggregate  amount  of  these  premiums. 

On   August  22d,   with  the  purpose  of  stimulating  enlistments, 

*  See  Appendix  A. 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  55 

Governor  Morgan  issued  a  vigorous  proclamation,  appealing  to 
the  patriotism  of  the  people  and  urging  the  pressing  necessities  of 
the  United  States  Government. 

The  staff  organization  remained  the  same,  except  that  Colonel 
Edmund  Schriver  resigned  on  September  I  as  aid-de-camp  to 
accept  the  position  of  inspector  general  in  the  regular  army,  and 
was  succeeded  by  Colonel  Thomas  B.  Arden,*  also  a  West  Point 
graduate.  General  Chester  A.  Arthur  continued  to  act  as  assistant 
quartermaster-general  at  New  York.  Captain  H.  C.  Hodges,f  of 
the  United  States  Quartermaster's  Department,  was  assigned  to 
duty  under  the  War  Department  letter  of  August  3d,  already  referred 
to,  conferring  authority  on  Governor  Morgan  to  equip  volunteers. 
At  first  the  accounts  under  this  authority  were  payable  either  by 
-drafts  on  the  Treasury  or  by  Treasury  notes  bearing  interest  at 
six  per  cent.  This  option  was  rescinded,  however,  on  August  8th, 
and  payments  made  by  draft  only. 

*  Thomas  B.  Arden  was  appointed  from  New  York  and  graduated  from 
West  Point  in  the  class  of  1835.  He  served  during  the  Florida  war;  resigned 
December  31,  1842,  and  acted  as  president  of  the  Putnam  County  Agricul 
tural  Society  from  1851-1856.  From  April  26th  to  August,  1861,  he  served 
as  an  aid-de-camp  to  Major-General  Sandford,  New  York  State  Militia,  with 
the  rank  of  major  in  the  defenses  of  Washington,  D.  C.,  and  subsequently 
as  aid-de-camp  to  Governor  Morgan  with  the  rank  of  colonel,  acting  as  mili 
tary  agent  of  New  York  State  troops  in  the  field  September  2,  1861,  to  Jan 
uary  i,  1863. 

t  Henry  C.  Hodges  was  born  in  Vermont,  graduated  from  West  Point 
class  of  '51  and  was  assigned  to  the  Fourth  Infantry,  in  which  he  served  in 
California,  Oregon  and  Washington  until  the  outbreak  of  the  war,  when  he 
was  appointed  assistant  quartermaster,  with  the  rank  of  captain,  and  acted  as 
purchasing  and  disbursing  quartermaster  on  the  staff  of  Governor  Morgan, 
August,  '61,  to  January,  '63,  in  clothing  and  equipping  New  York  volun 
teers.  He  was  then  assigned  to  the  center  grand  division  of  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac  as  quartermaster  with  the  rank  of  colonel,  and  subsequently  served 
.as  chief  quartermaster  on  Major-General  Rosecrans'  staff  in  the  Ten- 
•nessee  campaign,  participating  in  the  battle  of  Chickamauga.  He  was 
appointed  to  the  various  grades  and  to  the  rank  of  colonel,  assistant  quarter 
master-general  and  was  retired  January  14,  1895. 


56  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

On  a  previous  page  I  have  spoken  of  the  many  resignations  of 
officers  from  the  early  regiments;  the  glamour  of  military  glory 
was  soon  dissipated  by  the  stern  realities;  some  found  themselves 
physically  unable  to  endure  the  privations  of  the  camp  or  the 
fatigues  of  the  march;  others  failed  in  qualities  of  discipline  and 
command,  and  a  few  were  lacking  in  courage.  On  August  3d 
(G.  O.  No.  51)  the  War  Department  called  attention  to  the  numer 
ous  resignations  of  commissioned  officers  and  the  probability  of 
their  abuse,  and  on  August  I5th  directed  that  no  person  who  had 
resigned  his  commission  should  be  again  mustered  in  as  an  officer 
of  another  regiment.  So,  too,  the  discharges  of  enlisted  men  for 
disability  were  so  numerous  as  to  demand  the  most  stringent  meas 
ures,  not  only  by  greater  vigilance  in  the  medical  examination  of 
recruits,  but  by  the  order  that  all  men  discharged  for  disability 
within  three  months  from  date  of  enlistment  should  not  receive 
pay  for  any  period  of  service.  Discharge  of  minors  who  had  failed 
to  produce  the  permission  of  their  parents  or  guardians,  through 
deception  or  forgery,  was  also  prohibited.  In  fact,  the  stern,  inex 
orable  facts  of  war  were  being  enforced  and  realized.  The  exami 
nations  of  persons  aspiring  to  be  officers  (under  War  Dept.  G.  O. 
No.  47  and  State  G.  O.  No.  78)  had  salutary  effects.  The  State 
examinations  were  made  by  military  officers  and  were  not  calcu 
lated  to  secure  any  large  degree  of  military  knowledge  or  efficiency, 
but  they  did  deter  to  some  extent  the  application  of  conspicuously 
unfit  men,  particularly  as  they  suggested  that  there  might  be  fur 
ther  examinations  in  the  field  under  more  rigid  conditions. 

Before  taking  up  the  incidents  of  this  period  seriatim  the  charac 
ter  of  this  levy  may  be  reviewed  in  mass.  It  includes  all  the  regi 
ments  mustered  into  the  United  States  service  between  July  ir 
1861,  and  March  31,  1862.  In  this  levy  were  included  much  mate- 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  57 

rial  similar  to  that  of  the  earlier  regiments,  the  adventurous  and 
thoughtless;  it  comprised  several  regiments  composed  almost  en 
tirely  of  men  of  foreign  birth,  mostly  Germans  and  Irishmen.  The 
proportion  of  men  of  foreign  birth  in  the  Union  armies  has  been 
absurdly  exaggerated;  they  formed  a  very  small  percentage  of  the 
aggregate.  From  this  State,  where  the  influx  of  immigration  and 
the  large  number  of  foreign  residents  in  the  large  cities  gave  more 
than  the  average  opportunities  for  recruiting  from  this  class,  I  do 
not  think  the  percentage  exceeded  ten  in  a  hundred.  Despite  the 
military  education  of  these  German  officers  from  this  State,  none 
of  them  reached  the  distinction  of  their  Western  counterparts,  Gen-  . 
erals  Sigel  and  Schurz. 

The  Eighth  Volunteer  Infantry  Regiment  was  one  of  the  first 
of  the  two-years  regiments  in  the  field,  and  was  commanded  by 
Colonel  Louis  Blenker,  who  had  been  an  officer  in  the  German  army, 
and  I  recall  the  ridiculous  anticipations  of  his  military  career  and 
the  newspaper  puffs  showered  upon  him.  In  the  summer  of  1861 
we  were  made  to  believe  that  Washington  was  safe  because  Blenker 
was  there.  He  was  one  of  the  first  batch  of  brigadier-generals  of 
volunteers  appointed  by  the  President  on  August  9,  1861,  but  he 
never  became  distinguished.  Julius  Stahel,  the  lieutenant-colonel 
of  this  regiment,  was  made  a  brigadier-general  on  November  12, 
1 86 1,  and  did  good  service  in  that  rank.  Prince  Felix  Salm-Salm 
was  a  major  in  the  same  regiment,  and  he  and  his  wife  were  among 
the  picturesque  features  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  None  of  the 
German  officers  in  this  second  levy  reached  the  rank  of  brigadier- 
general. 

There  were  many  military  fantasies  in  this  period.  Colonel- 
William  A.  Howard  began  to  raise  a  regiment  of  "  marine  artil 
lery,"  and  I  recall  him  as  a  handsome,  plausible  man  with  a  breezy 


58  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

salt-water  manner  and  in  neat,  semi-nautical  attire,  but  I  never 
could  grasp  the  purpose  or  utility  of  his  amphibious  regiment,  which 
he  claimed  would  serve  with  equal  facility  on  land  and  water.  He 
never  completed  his  task,  and  the  companies  raised  were  disbanded 
in  March,  1863.  Then  there  was  the  "  rocket  battalion,"  which  was 
to  use  Congreve  rockets,  an  "  exploded  "  missile,  but  it  never  did 
so  and  was,  at  an  early  day,  transformed  into  two  battalions  of  artil 
lery.  One  of  the  first  infantry  regiments  raised  under  the  Gov 
ernor's  call  of  July  25th  was  the  Forty-fourth,  called  by  the  melo 
dramatic  title  of  "  the  Ellsworth  Avengers,"  referring  to  the  assassi 
nation  of  Colonel  Elmer  E.  Ellsworth  (see  page  35,  supra).  It  was 
proposed  that  this  regiment  should  consist  of  one  representative 
from  each  of  the  thousand  towns  in  the  State,  and  though  this 
project  was  not  fully  carried  out,  many  selections  were  made  by 
towns.  When  this  regiment  left  Albany  "  for  the  field  "  in  Octo 
ber  its  full  ranks  of  stalwart  men,  marching  down  that  grand  ave 
nue,  State  street,  made  a  deep  impression  upon  all  spectators. 
During  its  three  years  it  served  continuously  in  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac,  being  engaged  during  that  period  in  all  the  battles  of 
that  much-belabored  host.  In  the  first  levy  there  had  been  two  or 
three  infantry  regiments  clad  in  Zouave  uniform,  and  in  this  second 
levy  there  were  one  or  two  more,  being  the  last,  since  the  United 
States  was  averse  to  the  supply  of  anything  but  standard  articles 
of  every  kind,  since  any  exceptional  type  led  to  great  confusion. 
The  most  fantastic,  brilliant  and  outre  of  these  uniforms  was  that 
of  a  proposed  regiment  of  Zouaves  attempted  by  a  French  officer, 
Colonel  Lionel  J.  D'Epineuil,  and  largely  French  in  its  composi 
tion  (Fifty-third  Infantry),  but  which  was  a  failure,  and  was  dis 
banded  March  21,  1862.  Another  regiment  (Fifty-fifth  Infantry) 
was  given  the  same  number  as  the  French  military  regiment  in 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  59 

New  York  city,  known  as  the  Guard  Lafayette.  This  regiment 
was  largely  French  in  material,  and  was  commanded  by  Colonel 
Regis  De  Trobriand,  a  well-known  writer,  who,  in  January,  1864, 
was  made  a  brigadier-general  of  volunteers,  in  June,  1866,  colonel 
of  the  Thirty-first  Regiment  of  regulars,  and  is  now  on  the  retired 
list  of  the  Army.*  In  the  first  levy  there  were  no  cavalry  and  only 
three  batteries  of  artillery.  The  First  Regiment  of  Artillery  was 
mustered  in  on  September  25,  1861,  and  its  colonel  was  First 
Lieutenant  Guilford  R.  Bailey,  of  the  Second  Regiment  Artillery, 
United  States  Army.  Colonel  Bailey  was  a  fine-looking,  enthusi 
astic  and  gallant  young  man  and  very  popular  when  at  West  Point. 
He  was  killed  in  action  at  Fair  Oaks,  Va.,  on  May  31,  1862. 

There  had  been  much  hesitation  on  the  part  of  the  War  Depart 
ment  to  authorize  the  raising  or  accepting  of  cavalry,  which  was 
considered  the  least  desirable  arm  of  the  service  for  a  volunteer 
force;  more  costly  and  requiring  a  higher  and  prolonged  training. 
The  pressure  of  events  overcome  this  reluctance,  and  nine  regi 
ments  of  cavalry  from  this  State  were  included  in  this  second  levy. 
One  of  the  earliest  attempts  in  this  direction  was  made  at  Troy  to 
raise  a  regiment  known  as  the  "  Black  Horse  Cavalry  ,"f  but  its 
pretentious  name  did  not  aid  it,  since  it  was  disbanded  within  four 
months,  being  mustered  out  of  service  on  March  31,  1862.  There 
is  a  certain  glamour  of  chivalry  in  mounted  troops,  and  in  those 
early  days  there  was  the  more  practical  idea  that  this  branch  of 
the  service  is  less  fatiguing.  Thus  there  was  a  strong  drift  toward 
cavalry,  the  proportion  of  which  was  reduced,  however,  in  our 

*  General  De  Trobriand  has  died  since  the  above  was  written.  His  death 
occurred  15  July,  1897. 

t  This  name  was  probably  borrowed  from  the  popular  designation  of  a 
syndicate  of  legislative  lobbyists  who  had  been  successful  in  previous  ses 
sions  at  Albany.  But  why  the  secretive  and  insidious  tactics  of  this  body 
suggested  the  dashing  onset  of  a  "  Black  Horse  Cavalry  "  is  now  difficult  to 
explain. 


60  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

volunteer  forces  by  the  consideration  that  the  occasions  would  be 
rare  when  mounted  troops  could  be  employed  in  mass.  Our  rough, 
wooded  country,  intersected  by  deep  streams,  particularly  in  the 
regions  where  the  war  was  chiefly  waged,  prevented  those  grand 
charges  of  massed  squadrons  that  greatly  influenced  and  in  some 
cases  decided  the  Napoleonic  battles.  First  Lieutenant  Judson  Kil- 
patrick,  of  the  First  Artillery,  United  States  Army,  was  appointed 
lieutenant-colonel  of  the  Second  New  York  Cavalry,  promoted  to 
its  colonelcy,  made  a  brigadier-general  of  volunteers  in  June,  1863, 
and  subsequently  appointed  major-general,  and  was  one  of  the 
most  conspicuous  cavalry  leaders  of  the  war.*  He  was  a  signal 
example  of  the  rapid  rise  of  officers  in  that  great  contest.  Two 
regiments  of  engineers  were  raised  in  this  period,  and  subsequently 
a  two-years  infantry  regiment  (the  Fifteenth)  was  changed  to  the 
same  arm  of  the  service.  These  regiments,  largely  composed  of 
skilled  artisans  and  officered  by  experienced  civil  engineers,  ren 
dered  excellent  service  during  the  war  in  pontoon  and  bridge  build 
ing,  dismantling  and  repairing  railroads  and  in  other  operations, 
constructive  and  destructive. 

Including  the  irregular  organizations  remanded  to  the  State 
authority,  New  York  raised  in  this  levy  of  three-years  volunteers 
sixty-five  regiments  of  infantry,  nine  of  cavalry,  two  of  engineers, 
three  of  artillery  and  four  battalions  and  nine  batteries  of  artillery, 
all  being  sent  into  the  field  before  April  I,  1862.  From  the  officers 
of  these  regiments  twenty-three  were  promoted  to  be  brigadier- 
generals. 

*  The  cavalry  force  during  the  war,  both  in  the  east  and  west,  was  most 
valuable  in  skirmishing  and  protection  of  the  army  flanks.  It  also  by  its 
rapid  raids  demoralized  the  enemy.  In  these  directions  mounted  troops 
were  employed  by  both  sides.  On  our  own  side  the  most  distinguished 
cavalry  leader  was  General  Sheridan,  a  native  of  Albany,  N.  Y. 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  61 

In  addition  to  these  troops  there  had  been  considerable  recruit 
ment  of  regiments  in  the  service.  On  April  i,  1862,  the  account 
of  troops  furnished  by  the  State  stood  about  as  follows,  inclusive 
of  the  recruits  as  above: 

Militia  for  three  months  in  1861 I 

Two-years  volunteers  in  1861 3°>95° 

Three-years  volunteers  in  1861-62 89,000 


Total   133.856 


This  levy  was  the  last  one  organized  by  concentration  of  super 
vision  at  three  depots  and  the  first  one  under  the  sole  and  supreme 
control  of  the  Governor.  It  was  in  many  ways  relieved  from  the 
difficulties  attending  the  organization  of  the  previous  levy.  Instead 
of  the  diluted  responsibility  of  a  military  board  there  was  the  proper 
military  supervision  by  a  single  officer.  There  was  a  more  thorough 
and  efficient  organization  of  the  staff  departments  and  a  larger 
experience  in  the  details  of  recruiting  by  those  engaged  in  it. 

Nearly  all  the  accounts  connected  with  the  first  levy,  amounting 
in  the  aggregate  to  nearly  $3,000,000,  had  been  audited  in  the 
Inspector-General's  office,  and  that  experienced  officer,  General 
Patrick,  had  charge  of  all  expenditures  for  supplies  under  the  sec 
ond  levy,  until  relieved  by  the  officers  detailed  to  that  service  by 
the  War  Department  in  October  (1861).  All  the  contracts  for 
these  supplies  were  made  by  the  Governor,  under  the  authority 
conferred  August  5th.  There  was  kept  in  the  Inspector-General's 
office  by  me  a  record  of  all  contracts,  of  the  receipt  and  issue  of 
supplies  under  them  and  of  payment  on  account.  Under  Adjutant- 
General  Hillhouse's  systematic  supervision  the  personal  records 
were  greatly  improved.  Two  hundred  and  six  candidates  for  the 


62  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

positions  of  regimental  surgeon  and  assistant  surgeon  were  ex 
amined  by  Surgeon-General  Vander  Poel.  The  general  health  of 
the  recruits  in  barracks  was  much  better,  partly  owing  to  cooler 
weather  and  more  particularly  to  better  arrangements  and  greater 
experience.  At  New  York  General  Arthur  continued  to  represent 
the  Quartermaster's  Department. 

During  this  period  there  were  no  great  military  events,  though 
some  at  the  time  were  regarded  as  of  signal  importance.  On  Au 
gust  2oth  General  George  B.  McClellan  was  placed  in  command 
of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  the  first  page  in  the  varied  history 
of  that  body.  Under  his  supervision  the  chain  of  forts  encircling 
Washington  was  completed,  and  in  a  great  camp  of  instruction 
were  gathered  the  regiments  then  in  that  vicinity  and  arriving  there 
from  time  to  time.  In  defensive  works  and  in  the  organization  and 
drilling  of  armies  General  McClellan  had  no  superior  in  our  service. 
On  the  same  day  that  he  took  command  of  that  army  there  sailed 
from  Fortress  Monroe  a  joint  naval  and  military  expedition  under 
Commodore  Goldsborough  and  General  Butler,  which  captured 
Forts  Hatteras  and  Clark  at  the  mouth  of  Pamlico  Sound,  thus 
obtaining  lodgment  on  the  North  Carolina  coast  that  was  never 
relinquished  to  the  end  of  the  war.  These  successes  somewhat 
counterbalanced  the  defeat  of  forces  in  the  battle  at  Wilsons  Creek, 
Mo.,  when  our  commanding  officer,  General  Nathaniel  Lyon,  was 
killed,  the  first  officer  of  high  rank  lost  on  either  side.  The  rebel 
General  Price  subsequently  invested  the  town  of  Lexington,  occu 
pied  by  Colonel  Mulligan  of  Illinois  and  his  Irish  Brigade,  who 
surrendered  on  September  2Oth.  Colonel  Mulligan  was  at  Albany 
a  few  weeks  later,  and  I  recall  how  we  lionized  him  as  a  hero.  I 
had  been  slightly  acquainted  with  him  at  Chicago  some  six  years 
earlier  but  lost  sight  of  him  after  this  meeting. 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  63 

On  October  2ist  occurred  the  disastrous  battle  at  Balls  Bluff 
on  the  Potomac,  perhaps,  considering  the  force  engaged,  the  most 
disastrous  battle  of  the  war.  Colonel  Baker,  the  United  States  Sen 
ator  from  Oregon,  led  our  forces  and  was  killed  before  the  end  of 
the  engagement,  which  comprised  on  our  part  a  little  less  than 
2,000  men,  of  whom  at  least  one-half  were  lost  as  killed,  drowned 
or  missing.  There  were  palpable  evidences  of  mismanagement — 
indeed  General  Charles  P.  Stone  was  arrested  and  incarcerated  in 
Fort  Lafayette  on  this  charge,  and,  though  subsequently  released, 
never  recovered  his  position/'1  This  second  disaster  on  the  Poto 
mac,  though  not  as  important  as  the  previous  one  at  Bull  Run,  was 
very  disheartening.  Our  Forty-second  Infantry,  known  as  the 
"  Tammany  Regiment,"  was  engaged  in  it  and  lost  heavily,  and 
its  colonel,  Milton  Cogswell,  was  in  command  after  the  gallant 

*  General  Charles  P.  Stone  was  born  September  30,  1824,  at  Greenfield. 
Massachusetts;  graduated  from  West  Point  July  i,  1845,  and  was  assigned 
to  the  ordnance  corps.  During  the  Mexican  War  he  was  attached  to  the 
only  siege  battery  in  the  army.  He  served  on  the  staff  of  General  Scott,  and 
distinguished  himself  throughout  the  campaign  which  ended  in  the  capture 
of  the  city  of  Mexico.  He  resigned  from  the  army  November  17,  1856,  to 
go  in  the  banking  business  in  San  Francisco.  To  General  Stone,  more  than 
to  any  other  officer,  is  due  the  credit  of  saving  Washington  from  falling  into 
the  hands  of  the  insurgents  in  the  spring  of  1861.  He  was  commissioned 
colonel  of  the  Fourteenth  Regular  Infantry  May  14,  1861,  and  brigadier-gen 
eral  United  States  Volunteers  three  days  later;  assigned  to  the  Shenandoah 
Valley  and  commanded  at  the  battle  at  Balls  Bluff.  He  was  selected  as  the 
victim  for  the  blunders  committed  at  that  slaughter,  and  was  incarcerated  at 
Fort  Lafayette,  N.  Y.,  February  9,  1862,  to  August  16,  1862,  without  charges 
being  preferred  against  him.  Subsequently  he  served  in  the  southwest  for  a 
time,  but  returned  to  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  and  commanded  a  brigade 
before  Petersburg  in  the  latter  part  of  the  summer  of  1864.  He  resigned 
from  the  army  September  i3th  of  that  year  and  eventually  became  attached 
to  the  Egyptian  Army,  where  for  "  his  valuable  services  in  commanding, 
organizing  and  administration,"  he  was  decorated  by  the  Khedive  several 
times.  He  constructed  the  pedestal  and  colossal  statue  of  "  Liberty  En 
lightening  the  World,"  on  Bedloes  Island,  New  York  Harbor,  1886-7. 
He  died  at  New  York  city  January  24,  1887,  aged  62  years. 


64  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

Colonel  Baker's  death,  and  conducted  the  melancholy  and  deadly 
retreat  across  the  Potomac. 

On  September  26th  the  President  appointed  Governor  Morgan  a 
major-general  of  volunteers,  the  only  appointment  of  the  kind  that 
was  made  during  the  war.  Governor  Morgan  accepted  this  posi 
tion  with  great  reluctance,  and  only  yielded  to  the  urgency  of  the 
President  and  Secretaries  Cameron  and  Seward.  The  military 
importance  of  New  York  in  many  respects,  and  particularly  as  the 
source  of  armies,  suggested  the  endowment  of  its  Governor  with 
every  possible  token  of  authority.  On  October  26th  the  War 
Department,  by  General  Orders  No.  92,  created  the  Military  Depart 
ment  of  New  York,  under  the  command  of  Major-General  Morgan, 
to  whom  all  United  States  officers  reported  for  duty  within  the  bor 
ders  of  the  State.  General  Morgan  subsequently  appointed  Captain 
George  Bliss  as  his  assistant  adjutant-general  and  Lieutenant  John 
H.  Linsly  his  aid-de-camp.  The  former  had  been  in  1859-60  his 
private  secretary  as  Governor  and  subsequently  was  paymaster-gen 
eral  on  the  State  staff.  Lieutenant  Linsly  was  his  military  secretary 
as  Governor. 

On  November  ist  was  announced  the  retirement  from  active 
service  of  Brevet  Lieutenant-General  Winfield  Scott,  then  in  his 
seventy-sixth  year,  having  served  over  fifty  years,  in  the  last  twenty 
of  which  he  was  in  command  of  the  army.  It  is  not  derogatory  to 
General  Scott's  fame  to  say  that  the  unique  character  of  the  war 
and  his  age  and  physical  condition  made  his  retirement  necessary. 
It  will  be  to  his  lasting  honor  that,  though  like  General  Lee  he 
was  a  native  of  Virginia,  he  had  a  clearer  conception  of  his  alle 
giance  as  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and  never  wavered  in  his 
loyalty.  He  died  in  May,  1866,  having  seen  the  Union  fully  re 
stored.  The  same  order  that  announced  General  Scott's  retirement 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  65 

published  the  President's  appointment  of  Major-General  McClellan 
to  the  command  of  the  army.  He  was  in  his  thirty-fifth  year  when 
he  thus  began  his  interesting  military  career  as  the  general-in-chief. 
His  past  life  had  been  in  all  respects  creditable.  As  one  of  the 
military  commissioners  sent  by  our  Government  to  the  Crimea  dur 
ing  the  war  there  in  1855  he  had  written  a  valuable  treatise  upon 
the  "  Organization  of  European  Armies  and  Operations  in  the 
Crimea,"  which  was  published  by  the  Government.  Resigning  from 
the  army  two  years  later  to  engage  in  railway  management  he  vol 
unteered  in  the  Ohio  forces  at  the  outbreak  of  the  rebellion,  and 
on  May  14,  1861,  was  appointed  a  major-general  in  the  regular 
army  that  he  had  left  two  years  earlier  with  the  rank  of  captain.  I 
shall  not  attempt  to  describe  a  career  about  which  so  much  has  been 
written  and  from  such  different  standpoints.  Whatever  may  have 
been  General  McClellan's  defects  or  shortcomings,  he  in  the  end 
suffered  most  from  that  national  craze  of  hero-worship  that,  pre 
vailing  throughout  the  entire  war,  was  more  frantic  in  its  earlier 
period.  This  tendency  was  always  capricious  and  unreasonable; 
feeding  upon  deceptions  and  illusions,  it  was  quite  as  unjust  in  its 
adulation  as  in  its  condemnation.  Some  allowance  must  be  made 
for  the  natural  excitements  of  those  days  of  peril  and  uncertainty, 
but  it  now  seems  strange  that  we  believed  such  unfounded  reports 
and  were  so  readily  deceived  concerning  the  vices  or  the  virtues  of 
those  in  high  position.  I  have  mentioned  (p.  57,  supra)  our  faith 
in  the  invincibility  of  "  General  Blenker."  For  a  year  after  the 
disaster  at  Bull  Run  it  was  generally  believed  that  our  defeat  was 
owing  to  the  intoxication  of  General  McDowell,  in  command,  who 
was  represented  as  an  habitual  drunkard  and  anathematized  even 
from  the  pulpits,  and  though  the  truth  was  that  he  had  always  been 
5 


66  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

a  man  of  scrupulously  sober  habits,  he  never  recovered  from  the 
effects  of  these  baseless  scandals. 

General  McClellan  attained  the  generalship  of  the  army  at  a 
remarkably  early  age.  His  successes  in  Virginia,  west  of  the  Blue 
Ridge,  had  been  accounted  very  brilliant  amid  the  almost  universal 
disasters  to  our  cause  elsewhere.  He  was  a  man  possessing  many 
elements  of  popularity  in  his  personal  appearance  and  address,  and 
had  the  power  of  attaching  firmly  to  him  those  near  his  person  and 
to  whom  he  gave  his  confidence.  The  task  he  had  undertaken  in 
the  organization,  or  rather  the  creation,  of  a  grand  army,  so  far  as 
drill  and  discipline  could  accomplish  that  end,  was  a  work  for  which 
he  was  peculiarly  fitted  by  his  temperament  and  training.  The 
national  appetite  for  a  hero  was  stimulated  by  our  many  reverses. 
We  did  not  as  yet  appreciate  the  transcendant  character  of  that 
patient,  overburdened  and  faithful  occupant  of  the  "  White  House," 
who  bore  the  responsibility  of  those  dreadful  days.  General  Mc 
Clellan  was  the  champion,  the  warrior-defender  of  the  Union,  the 
gallant  chieftain  who  was  to  lead  us  to  certain  and  early  victory. 
As  I  have  observed  above,  the  conditions  were  all  favorable  for  an 
exhibition  of  that  hero-worship  that  as  a  nation  we  are  so  addicted 
to,  and  in  this  instance  the  fire  was  fed  by  the  foolish  adulation  of 
the  hero's  friends,  who  began  to  call  him  "  the  young  Napoleon," 
and  otherwise  to  associate  him  in  the  public  mind  with  all  the 
famous  soldiers  of  the  past.  The  newspaper  correspondents  with 
the  army  took  up  the  theme  and  gave  loose  reins  to  their  laudations 
and  imaginations.  Many  of  General  McClellan's  misfortunes  may 
be  fairly  attributed  to  this  universal  folly  and  weakness. 

On  Tuesday,  November  5th,  occurred  our  State  election,  which 
resulted  in  a  complete  change-  of  all  the  State  officers  except  the 
Governor  and  Lieutenant-Governor,  whose  terms  expired  over  a 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  67 

year  later.  None  of  the  other  members  of  "  the  military  board  " 
was  renominated,  and  what  was  known  as  the  "  Union  ticket "  was 
elected  by  the  unprecedented  majority  of  more  than  one  hundred 
thousand  votes.  The  two  prominent  men  so  elected  were  Daniel 
S.  Dickinson,  as  Attorney-General,  and  Lucius  Robinson,  as  Comp 
troller.  Mr.  Dickinson  had  been  a  State  Senator,  1837-41 ;  Lieu 
tenant-Governor,  1841-42,  and  United  States  Senator,  1844-51;  also 
holding  other  offices,  all  of  them  as  a  Democrat.  In  the  division 
of  that  party  he  was  a  "  Hunker;  "  but  the  rebellion  had  opened  his 
eyes  and,  like  Douglas  and  many  others,  he  became  an  uncompro 
mising  Unionist,  and  was  the  competitor  of  Andrew  Johnson  for 
the  nomination  as  Vice- President  in  1864.  Mr.  Robinson  was  one 
of  the  Free-soil  Democrats  who  had  acted  with  the  Republican 
party.  He  had  been  a  member  of  the  Assembly  from  Elmira  in 
the  sessions  of  1860  and  1861,  was  reelected  Comptroller  in  1863  and 
again  on  the  Democratic  nomination  in  1875,  and  was  elected  Gov 
ernor  in  1876,  being  the  first  officer  in  that  position  to  serve  three 
instead  of  two  years  under  the  recent  change  in  the  Constitution. 
At  this  same  election  there  was  chosen  a  Legislature  that  in  both 
bodies,  particularly  the  Assembly,  was  representative  in  character 
and  energy  of  the  patriotic  exaltation  of  that  first  year  in  our  cruel 
war. 

On  November  8th  we  heard  of  the  battle  at  Belmont,  Mo.,  on  the 
previous  day,  where  our  forces  were  commanded  by  Brigadier- 
General  U.  S.  Grant,  this  being  the  first  occasion  when  that  officer's 
name  became  generally  known,  a  name  thenceforth  to  be  associated 
only  with  victories.  Several  days  later  General  McClellan  issued 
a  congratulatory  order  (G.  O.  No.  99)  in  which  he  grouped  this 
battle  of  Belmont,  the  recent  successes  of  General  Nelson  at  Pike- 
ville,  Ky.,  and  the  reduction  of  the  forts  at  Port  Royal  and  capture 


68  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

of  Beaufort,  on  the  South  Carolina  coast,  by  the  naval  and  army 
expedition  under  Commodore  Dupont  and  General  T.  W.  Sher 
man.  In  contrast  with  the  later  and  larger  events  of  the  war  these 
seem  to  afford  scanty  material  for  a  War  Department  cry  of  exulta 
tion,  but  at  that  time  we  needed  an  encouraging  tonic,  and  the 
order  was  of  great  value  in  its  influence  upon  the  troops  being  col 
lected  and  converted  into  an  army  near  Washington. 

General  Patrick  had  believed  for  some  time  that  his  proper  post 
of  duty  as  inspector-general  on  the  Governor's  staff  was  with  that 
army  containing  the  largest  part  of  the  troops  from  this  State. 
There  were  many  reasons  why  a  representative  of  the  State  should 
be  near  the  troops — the  volunteer  organization  preserved  the  dis 
tinction  of  States  and  appealed  to  State  pride.  All  promotions  to 
the  company  and  regimental  offices  were  made  by  the  Governor, 
who  needed  unprejudiced  information  and  advice  as  to  the  quali 
fications  or  conspicuously  good  service  of  those  in  line  of  pro 
motion;  the  presence  of  a  State  official  of  suitable  rank  would 
strengthen  the  home  attachment  of  the  State  troops,  encourage 
their  esprit  de  corps  and  their  contentment,  while  it  also  secured 
a  prompt  means  of  communication  between  them  and  their  friends 
at  home.  Many  other  obvious  reasons  might  be  given,  but  Gen 
eral  Patrick  was  content  with  an  occasional  visit  "  to  the  front " 
until  General  McClellan  began  the  work  of  organizing  a  grand 
army.  By  November  ist  there  were  over  twenty  regiments  of 
infantry  from  this  State  in  that  body  and  many  more  almost  ready 
to  join  it.  General  Patrick's  relations  with  General  McClellan  were 
very  cordial,  and  he  had  been  at  West  Point  with  General  Marcy, 
the  father-in-law  of  General  McClellan.  He  convinced  the  Gov 
ernor  that  his  place  was  now  in  the  field,  and  on  November  I5th 
reported  to  General  McClellan  and,  as  he  wrote  me,  was  accepted 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  69 

as  a  volunteer  aid  on  his  staff.  It  was  a  brilliant  staff,  and  in  addi 
tion  to  the  administrative  officers  comprised  many  distinguished 
persons  appointed  aides-de-camp  under  the  recent  act  of  Congress. 
Among  these,  with  the  rank  of  captain,  were  Louis  Philippe 
d'Orleans  (Compte  de  Paris)  and  his  brother,  Robert  d'Orleans 
(Due  de  Chartres),the  former  the  Orleanist  heir  to  the  French  throne. 
About  the  middle  of  November  we  heard  of  the  "  Trent  affair." 
The  Confederate  government  had  commissioned  Mr.  Mason  as  dip 
lomatic  commissioner  to  England  and  Mr.  Slidell  to  France.  They 
got  through  our  blockade  and  reached  Havana  and  embarked  in 
the  British  steamer  Trent  for  Nassau,  where  they  would  connect 
with  the  regular  line  thence  to  England.  Captain  Wilkes,  in  com 
mand  of  the  United  States  vessel  San  Jacinto,  overtook  the  Trent 
and  forcibly  took  from  it  the  rebel  commissioners  and  brought 
them  to  Boston,  where  they  were  incarcerated  in  Fort  Warren,  in 
the  harbor  of  that  city,  as  "  contraband  of  war."  In  our  then  ex 
cited  condition  there  was  general  exultation  over  Captain  Wilkes' 
violent  capture  of  the  rebel  emissaries.  We  had  no  idea  of  inter 
national  law,  and  we  viewed  this  violation  of  it  as  a  proper  exercise 
of  our  right  to  suppress  the  rebellion.  Almost  without  exception 
the  public  expression  was  jubilant  and  laudatory.  But  soon  came 
the  menacing  echoes  from  England,  the  outcry  against  the  violation 
of  neutral  rights,  the  rapid  military  and  naval  preparations  and  the 
prospect  of  a  foreign  war  superadded  to  our  domestic  troubles. 
There  was  some  foolish  ebullition  of  defiance,  but  to  the  thoughtful 
the  prospect  was  very  threatening  and  almost  fatal.  In  case  of  war 
with  Great  Britain  the  brunt  would  have  to  be  borne  by  New  York. 
Its  long  sea  coast,  its  great  vulnerable  metropolis,  its  long  boundary 
at  the  north,  coterminous  with  Canada,  and  its  important  ports  on 
the  great  lakes,  were  all  points  of  probable  attack  or  invasion.  So 


70  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

soon  as  the  intelligence  of  hostile  preparations  in  England  reached 
this  country,  we  who  were  engaged  at  the  Governor's  headquarters 
recognized  the  gravity  of  the  situation,  and  that  under  existing 
conditions  our  State  would  have  to  provide  largely  for  its  own 
defense.  Indeed  there  were  many  official  and  semi-official  intimations 
from  Washington  that  the  threatened  safety  of  that  city  would  re 
quire  the  retention  there  of  all  the  troops  then  near  it,  and  that 
few  could  be  spared  from  other  quarters  should  there  occur  a  dec 
laration  of  war  by  England,  as  then  seemed  imminent — in  other 
words,  that  we  would  have  to  take  care  of  ourselves.  This  was  a 
very  serious  consideration.  Our  organized  militia,  very  feeble  at 
the  best  except  in  New  York  city,  had  everywhere  been  weakened 
by  the  volunteering  of  a  large  part  of  its  best  element,  since  a 
considerable  share  of  the  officers  in  the  new  regiments  had  been 
drawn  from  the  militia.  There  were  several  regiments  within  the 
State  not  yet  completed,  but  they  were  comparatively  few  and  at  the 
best  were  raw  and  undrilled,  and  would  count  for  little  in  a  sud 
den  contest  with  the  disciplined  soldiers  of  the  regular  British 
army.  So  far  as  the  approach  from  Canada  was  concerned  there 
was  some  relief  in  the  imminence  of  winter,  which  would  lock  up 
the  St.  Lawrence  in  ice  and  make  an  invasion  by  land  very  diffi 
cult.  We  were  more  particularly  concerned  about  New  York  city, 
which,  as  the  largest  and  most  important  of  our  commercial  cities, 
would  be  the  principal  objective  point  of  a  hostile  navy,  and  Eng 
land  was  then  the  best  equipped  naval  power  in  the  world.  Major 
John  G.  Barnard,  of  the  United  States  Engineer  Corps,  had  in 
1.859  addressed  a  paper  to  the  Secretary  of  War  entitled  "  The 
Dangers  and  Defences  of  New  York,"  in  which  he  demonstrated 
the  pressing  need  of  stronger  defensive  works.  There  was  in  pro 
cess  of  construction  a  great  granite  fortress  on  Sandy  Hook,  which 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  71 

was  to  control  the  entrance  to  the  ship  channels  leading  into  the 
outer  bay,  but  this  work  was  in  a  very  incomplete  condition,  in 
fact  scarcely  advanced  beyond  the  foundations.  The  great  change 
in  aggressive  and  defensive  conditions  since  that  day  has  led  to 
an  abandonment  of  the  plans  and  materials  of  this  work.  At  the 
Narrows  there  were  two  shore  batteries  and  Fort  Richmond,  on 
the  Staten  Island  side,  and  Forts  Lafayette  and  Hamilton,  on  the 
Long  Island  side,  but  the  armament  both  in  number  of  pieces  and 
in  their  caliber  was  deficient.  As  there  were  no  guns  at  Sandy 
Hook,  the  engineers  had  decided  that  at  least  300  pieces  at  the 
Narrows  should  be  so  mounted  as  to  concentrate  their  fire  upon 
a  vessel  passing  between  them,  but  not  half  that  number  were  then 
available.  At  Governors,  Bedloes  and  Ellis  Islands  only  three- 
quarters  of  the  armament  had  been  supplied,  though  it  is  now 
evident  that  a  fleet  that  had  passed  the  Narrows  might  disregard 
these  inferior  works  and  readily  destroy  the  city.  There  were  also 
no  works  at  all  to  prevent  the  disembarkation  of  a  hostile  army  in 
Gravesend  Bay,  and  a  repetition  of  the  British  advance  from  there 
in  August,  1776.  The  eastern  entrance  to  the  harbor  by  Long 
Island  Sound  was  defended  only  by  Fort  Schuyler  on  Throgs 
Neck,  where  only  95  guns  out  of  a  complete  armament  of  300  had 
as  yet  been  supplied,  while  no  works  or  guns  had  been  prepared 
for  the  opposite  shore  of  Long  Island  at  Willets  Point.  In  fact, 
the  conditions  of  defence  of  the  city  were  very  faulty,  and  though 
the  United  States  engineers  had  plans  for  completing  the  works 
and  armaments  so  as  to  bring  them  fully  up  to  the  times,  these 
would  require  years,  and  the  dangers  we  were  confronting  were 
imminent.  It  was  decided  that  shore  batteries  in  earthworks  might 
be  hastily  constructed  to  prevent  disembarkation  in  Gravesend  Bay 
and  at  Willets  Point  to  further  secure  the  natural  gate  at  Throgs 


72  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

Neck.  As  for  the  regular  harbor  channel  entrances  earthworks  at 
Sandy  Hook  mounted  with  heavy  guns  would  guard  the  outer  bay, 
but  as  the  Narrows  were  the  real  gateway  to  the  upper  bay  and  to 
such  an  approach  as  would  enable  the  bombardment  of  Brooklyn 
and  New  York,  there  was  a  concentration  of  attention  upon  that 
point.  Besides  consultations  with  General  Totten  and  Major  Del- 
afield  of  the  Corps  of  Engineers,  the  Governor  appointed  a  com 
mission  of  eminent  civil  engineers  to  cooperate  with  General  Ar 
thur,  engineer-in-chief  on  the  staff,  in  devising  some  plan  of  defence 
at  this  point  and  particularly  to  consider  the  methods  of  temporarily 
closing  the  channel.  This  commission  made  an  elaborate  report 
in  April,  1862,  recommending  the  closing  of  the  passage  by  a  float 
of  heavy  timbers  bound  together  by  iron  bolts  and  cables  and  secured 
by  cables  to  the  shores  and  anchorage. *  In  the  imminence  of  our 
Trent  troubles  about  half  a  million  cubic  feet  of  pine  timber  was 
purchased  at  New  York  in  the  latter  part  of  December,  by  order 
of  the  Governor,  at  a  cost  of  about  $80,000,  and  arrangements  were 
made  for  the  supply  of  a  much  larger  quantity. f  The  Governor 
also  directed  the  purchase  of  100,000  pounds  of  cannon  powder, 
which  was  stored  in  the  United  States  magazines  on  Ellis  Island 
in  the  harbor.  Some  attention  was  also  given  to  the  defences  on 
the  lakes  and  northern  frontier,  though  nothing  practical  was 
attempted.  Under  the  treaty  of  April,  1818,  neither  the  United 
States  nor  Great  Britain  could  have  upon  the  boundary  lakes,  includ 
ing  Lake  Champlain,  any  naval  vessels,  except  a  single  one  on  each, 
of  small  burden  armed  with  a  single  gun.  At  the  time  of  the  orig 
inal  treaty  it  placed  the  two  powers  on  equal  terms,  but  since  that 

*  The  cost  of  such  float  was  estimated  at  $1,118,915.60. 

f  The  timber  so  bought  was  sold  later  at  a  large  profit  because  of  the  great 
advance  in  prices  of  all  commodities. 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  73 

date  the  construction  of  canals  around  the  several  rapids  of  the  St. 
Lawrence  river  and  of  the  Welland  canal,  connecting  Lakes  Ontario 
and  Erie,  would  enable  the  British  Government  to  place  upon  the 
great  lakes  a  fleet  of  war  vessels  at  the  very  outbreak  of  hostilities. 
These  canals  had  locks  that  would  admit  gunboats  from  the  lower 
St.  Lawrence  river  to  Lake  Ontario  having  a  length  of  186  feet, 
a  width  of  44  1-2  feet  and  a  draught  of  9  feet,  or  of  600  tons, 
and  the  Welland  canal  would  admit  vessels  from  Lake  Ontario  to 
the  upper  lakes  having  a  length  of  162  feet,  26  feet  beam  and  a 
draught  of  10  feet,  or  of  350  tons. 

Our  Erie  canal  locks  would  not  admit  boats  with  more  than  98 
feet  of  length,  173-4  feet  width  and  6  feet  draught,  or  of  less  than 
loo  tons.  We  would  therefore  have  to  depend  upon  fitting  out 
the  mercantile  lake  craft  for  naval  purposes,  and  though  I  do  not 
doubt  that  had  the  pressing  occasion  required  such  a  recourse,  we 
would  have  rapidly  improvised  an  excellent  navy  on  the  lakes,  we 
would  still  have  been  at  a  great  disadvantage  with  our  antagonist, 
who  could  have  brought  upon  those  waters  its  sea-going  naval  ves 
sels  of  small  tonnage. 

Such  was  the  high  pressure  under  which  we  served  in  those  days 
that  the  whole  question  of  coast  and  frontier  defence  was  rapidly 
considered  and  the  general  line  of  conduct  determined  within  a  com 
paratively  brief  period.  The  terrible  emergency  never  came,  and 
the  threatening  war  cloud  that  had  so  suddenly  gathered  from  over 
the  sea  as  suddenly  passed  away,  but  none  of  those  who  partici 
pated  in  the  anxieties  and  discussions  and  bore  a  part  of  the  respon 
sibilities  in  those  portentous  days  can  forget  them.  Had  the  con 
flict  ensued  we  should  have  been  in  a  terribly  unprepared  condi 
tion,  our  harbor  and  frontier  forts  in  bad  condition,  with  very  inade- 


74  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

quate  armament  for  them  or  for  our  improvised  navies,  and  with 
only  a  raw,  hastily  gathered  militia  to  encounter  the  British  regu 
lars  seasoned  in  the  Crimea  and  India.  With  little  aid  from  the 
forces  of  the  General  Government,  the  menaced  States  would  have 
had  to  depend  upon  such  resources  as  each  could  gather  within  its 
borders  and  upon  that  peculiar  American  aptitude  and  inventive 
faculty  that  have  so  often  responded  to  the  occasion.  As  an 
instance  of  the  latter  I  recall  a  proposition  made  by  an  old  Hudson 
river  steamboat  captain,  as  suggested  by  his  own  practical  experi 
ence.  All  the  British  naval  vessels  of  any  moment  were  propellers 
and  our  captain  advised  that  all  the  many  shad-nets  owned  along 
the  Hudson  should  be  gathered  and  arranged  in  the  ship  channels 
abreast  Sandy  Hook  and  Fort  Schuyler  on  the  Sound.  These  nets 
were  to  be  both  anchored  and  buoyed  so  as  to  float  a  few  feet  below 
the  surface,  where  the  propeller  blades  would  entangle  and  then 
wind  up  the  nets  so  tightly  as  to  disable  the  propeller,  while  a 
reverse  motion  would  fail  to  disengage  these  hidden  obstacles. 
The  captain  said  that  on  the  Hudson,  in  the  shad  season,  propellers 
were  thus  disabled  every  year  and  he  would  engage  that  the  Brit 
ish  vessels  would  be  unmanageable  and  kept  within  the  range  of 
our  shore  batteries  until  well  perforated. 

During  these  exciting  days  the  Trent  "  affair  "  was  being  diplo 
matically  treated,  and  the  negotiations  ended  in  the  release  of  Messrs. 
Mason  and  Slidell  on  January  I  (1862),  and  placing  them  on  a 
British  man-of-war,  which  conveyed  them  to  Nassau,  thus  restoring 
so  far  as  possible  the  status  quo.  A  perusal  of  the  dispatches  and 
other  State  papers  in  this  notable  case  does  not  disclose  any  appar 
ent  settlement  of  the  larger  aspects  of  the  matter  at  issue.  The 
discussion  revived  among  our  people  the  vexed  and  painfully  sore 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  75 

questions  connected  with  that  "  right  of  search "  that  England 
brutally  enforced  so  long  as  our  national  weakness  tempted  it. 
There  were  those  living  who  could  recall  the  national  feeling  during 
and  after  the  "war  of  1812,"  and  the  avoidance  of  a  fair  settlement 
of  this  dispute  in  the  treaty  that  ended  that  war.  It  did  seem  to 
the  passionate  and  thoughtless  that  this  right  of  search  was  a  very 
one  sided  affair  and  I  think  that  the  prevalence  of  this  sentiment 
somewhat  governed  Secretary  Seward  in  his  negotiations.  There 
was  no  direct  break-down  on  our  part,  but  a  flaw  in  our  case  was 
conceded  in  that  Captain  Wilkes  did  not  capture  the  Trent  as  con 
traband  of  war  and  convey  it  to  one  of  our  ports  for  regular  con 
demnation.  However,  the  gist  of  the  settlement  was  that  passen 
gers  in  a  neutral  vessel  could  not  be  forcibly  taken  from  her  by  a 
naval  vessel  of  a  nation  at  war,  even  if  such  passengers  were  engaged 
in  concerns  affecting  the  interests  of  that  nation. 

There  was  in  the  matter  a  plain  reminder  of  the  weakness  of  our 
coast  and  frontier  defences  that  has  never  been  practically  heeded 
and  of  which  I  may  speak  again. 

On  January  1st  the  new  State  officers  entered  upon  their  duties  in 
the  usual  quiet  way,  except  in  the  case  of  the  treasurer,  concerning 
whose  induction  into  office  there  was  an  unprecedented  and  ridicu 
lous  opposition.  Philip  Dorsheimer,  whose  term  as  treasurer 
expired  on  that  day,  was  a  typical  German  politician,  having  the 
normal  quantity  of  irascibility  and  obstinacy.  He  was  much 
irritated  by  the  fact  that  he  had  not  been  renominated  and  held 
that  Mr.  Lewis  who  had  been  elected  to  his  office  having  failed  to 
file  his  official  bond  prior  to  January  1st  was  precluded  from  enter 
ing  upon  the  office  and  that  he  (D.)  was  constrained  to  hold  it. 
It  was  a  veritable  tempest  in  a  teapot,  and  there  was  the  scandal 


76  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

of  two  treasurers — Mr.  Lewis,  who  was  recognized  by  the  new  comp 
troller,  Mr.  Robinson,  and  Mr.  Dorsheimer,  supported  by  Canal 
Auditor  Benton.  There  was  much  fun  in  this  official  contention 
which  fortunately  for  the  public  interests  was  settled  by  the  decision 
of  Attorney-General  Dickinson  in  such  strong  terms  as  compelled 
the  irate  Dorsheimer  to  yield. 

On  January  7th  the  Legislature  convened  in  a  session  remark 
able  in  one  respect  at  least,  and  that  was  in  the  almost  absolute 
limitation  of  its  action  to  public  purposes  and  in  the  absence  of 
jobbery.  The  immediately  previous  two  or  three  sessions  had  been 
notorious  for  the  corrupt  enactment  of  New  York  street  railroad 
charters  and  other  like  schemes — it  was  credibly  asserted  that  what 
is  known  as  "  the  lobby  "  was  never  before  so  well  organized,  so 
arrogant,  so  successful.  For  the  previous  half  century  the  political 
corruption  in  our  State  had  been  largely  confined  to  the  adminis 
tration,  repair  and  enlargement  of  its  canal  system  which  had  been 
the  principal  bone  of  contention  between  the  two  parties  so  far  as 
touched  our  State  concerns.  The  power  of  the  Legislature  to  grant 
franchises  for  the  horse  railways  in  the  cities,  particularly  in  New 
York  and  Brooklyn,  disclosed  new  and  rich  placers  which  were 
worked  to  their  full  extent.  When  I  went  to  Albany  in  May,  1861, 
these  corruptions  were  still  discussed  in  spite  of  the  distant  but 
audible  thunder  presaging  the  direful  lightnings  of  four  years  of 
war. 

There  were  two  reasons  for  this  exceptional  character  of  the 
Legislature  of  1862,  and  for  its  purity  compared  with  its  immediate 
predecessors  and  its  successors  to  this  day.  It  was  elected  in  the 
early  period  of  the  war  when  we  were  all  exalted  by  the  vivification 
of  patriotism,  and  it  performed  this  work  while  this  exaltation  was 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  77 

bright  and  clear,  as  yet  undimmed  by  the  meaner  motives  and  pur 
poses  that  at  a  later  date  tarnished  and  vitiated  it.  There  were  also 
elected  to  the  Assembly  or  lower  house  a  larger  proportion  of  pub 
lic  spirited,  experienced  and  honorable  men  than  had  been  chosen 
in  recent  years.  Among  these  were  Henry  J.  Raymond,  the 
brilliant  editor  of  The  New  York  Times,  who  had  been  a  member 
of  the  same  body  in  1850  and  1851,  being  its  Speaker  in  the  former 
year  and  was  in  1855  and  1856  Lieutenant-Governor  of  the  State. 
Calvin  T.  Hulburd,  of  St.  Lawrence  county,  and  subsequent  mem 
ber  of  Congress  for  two  terms;  Charles  L.  Benedict,  of  Brooklyn, 
United  States  District  Judge  since  1865;  Lemuel  Stetson,  of  Clinton, 
who  besides  other  offices  held  by  him  was  a  member  of  Assembly 
in  1835,  1836  and  1842;  Peter  A.  Porter,  of  Niagara,  son  of  Peter 
B.  Porter,  who  was  Secretary  of  War  in  1828;  Thomas  S.  Gray, 
of  Warren;  Ezra  Cornell,  of  Tompkins;  Benjamin  Pringle,  of 
Genesee;  Tracy  Beadle,  of  Chemung;  Royal  Phelps,  of  New  York; 
Benjamin  F.  Tracy,  of  Tioga,  now*  Secretary  of  the  Navy;  Chauncey 
M.  Depew,  who  thus  began  his  public  career,  and  many  others  of 
similar  high  character,  were  among  the  members  of  this  body,  of 
which  Mr.  Raymond  was  elected  Speaker.  The  Senate,  while  not 
containing  so  many  distinguished  men,  was  a  highly  reputable 
body.  The  Governor's  message  was  largely  occupied  by  questions 
connected  with  the  conduct  of  the  war,  and  these  of  course  occupied 
a  great  part  of  the  attention  of  the  lawmakers. 

There  had  been  for  several  weeks  an  increasing  misunderstanding 
on  the  part  of  the  Governor  and  Inspector-General  Patrick.  The 
latter  said  that  he  had  been  promised  the  rank  of  major-general  in 
the  State  service  and  every  possible  aid  and  support  in  his  project 

*  This  material  was  written  in  1889. 


78  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

to  represent  the  State  troops  in  the  field  and  carry  out  the  several 
purposes  hitherto  mentioned  (page  68,  supra).  My  official  relations 
to  General  Patrick  as  his  acting  assistant  at  Albany  made  me  well 
acquainted  with  his  grievances,  though  I  was  never  satisfied  as  to 
the  sufficiency  of  their  grounds.  He  was  a  sincerely  upright  and 
honorable  man,  but  better  qualified  to  deal  with  military  than  with 
civil  affairs.  He  was  methodical,  industrious  and  one  of  the  most 
open  and  transparent  characters  I  ever  knew.  I  think  that  there 
was  some  secret  influence  operating  against  him  either  of  a  personal 
or  political  nature  and  that  Governor  Morgan  was  anxious  to  get 
rid  of  him,  though  I  cannot  believe  that  the  Governor  would  have 
wilfully  deceived  him.  The  controversy  was  a  very  disagreeable 
incident  to  me,  particularly  as  General  Patrick,  in  his  irascibility, 
wanted  to  appeal  from  the  Governor  to  the  Legislature  at  a  time 
when  harmony  between  those  distinct  authorities  was  more  than 
usually  desirable.  General  Patrick's  appointment  as  a  brigadier- 
general  of  volunteers  led  to  his  resignation  from  the  Governor's 
staff  early  in  February  and  fortunately  ended  the  dispute.  He  subse 
quently  became  famous  as  provost-marshal-general  of  the  Armies  of 
the  Potomac  and  the  James.  His  successor  as  inspector-general 
was  General  C.  A.  Arthur,  who  was  promoted  from  the  position  of 
engineer-in-chief. 

The  recent  danger  of  a  foreign  war  suggested  the  lack  of 
defensive  preparations  upon  our  part,  and  several  legislative  com 
mittees  considered  this  proposition,  particularly  in  regard  to  our 
naval  forces  on  the  lakes.  The  subject  most  discussed  was  the 
enlargement  of  the  canals  and  their  locks  so  as  to  admit  the  passage 
of  gun  boats,  and  several  reports  were  made  on  this  subject.  State 
Engineer  Taylor  reported  that  to  convert  the  Champlain  canal  into 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  79 

a  ship  canal  would  cost  $3,750,000,  and  the  enlargement  of  the  locks 
on  the  Erie  and  Oswego  canals  so  as  to  admit  the  passage  of  gun 
boats  of  400  tons  would  cost  $3,500,000.  Nothing  practical  came 
of  this  discussion,  but  it  was  obvious  that  time  would  be  required 
for  these  enlargements  that  could  not  be  spared  in  a  sudden 
emergency.  I  made  the  proposition  that  it  would  be  much  easier 
to  convey  vessels  from  the  Hudson  to  Lakes  Erie  and  Ontario 
by  means  of  the  double  tracked  Central  railroad;  the  vessels  to 
rest  in  cradles  supported  by  trucks  running  on  each  track  with 
prope'r  inclined  planes  at  the  Hudson  river  and  the  lakes  for  draw 
ing  out  and  again  launching  the  vessels.  This  would  require  the 
substitution  of  temporary  tressel-work  bridges  for  such  as  had  the 
track  running  on  their  lower  -chords  and  the  temporary  removal 
of  the  canal  viaduct  near  Syracuse,  but  these  constructions  and 
removal  could  be  simultaneously  conducted  and  would  occupy  but 
a  short  time.  Mr.  Taylor  thought  my  plan  feasible  and  I  believe 
it  could  have  been  carried  out  had  occasion  required. 

There  was  some  talk  of  taking  the  partially  constructed  Stevens 
steam  battery  at  Hoboken  and  converting  it  into  an  efficient  means 
of  harbor  defense.  The  Hoboken  Stevens  family  had  a  hereditary 
interest  in  steam  navigation  through  John  Stevens  and  Robert  L., 
his  son.  The  former  had  rivaled  Fulton  in  the  practical  construction 
of  steamboats  and  had  proposed  iron-clad  batteries;  the  latter  had 
been  commissioned  by  the  United  States  government  in  1842  to 
construct  according  to  his  father's  plans,  improved  by  himself,  a 
floating  iron-clad  battery  for  the  defence  of  New  York  harbor. 
Work  was  immediately  begun  upon  it,  but  the  rapid  alternative 
development  of  ordnance  and  defensive  armor  interrupted  its 
progress  and  finally  appropriations  were  withheld.  Robert  L. 


80  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

Stevens  died  in  1856,  and  his  battery  about  half  finished  was  on  the 
stocks  at  Hoboken  when  the  war  broke  out.  Our  naval  author 
ities  were  disinclined  to  recommend  its  completion  and  the  success 
of  Ericsson's  "  monitor "  naval  vessels  further  diverted  attention 
from  it.  After  the  war  a  final  effort  was  made  by  the  Stevens  family 
to  have  it  finished,  but  this  failing  it  was  broken  up.  Though  it 
never  reached  a  practical  trial  it  is  interesting  as  an  example  of  the 
early  appreciation  of  the  modern  iron-clad  naval  system  by  a  dis 
tinguished  and  public  spirited  American  engineer. 

There  were  the  usual  number  of  inventors  and  projectors  impor 
tunately  pressing  upon  the  notice  of  the  Legislature  their  various 
engines  of  war  or  novel  means  for  defense.  Nothing  was  done 
however  but  to  listen. 

One  of  the  earliest  lessons  of  the  war  had  been  the  inadequacy  of 
our  State  militia  laws,  and  by  the  Governor's  direction  General 
Wm.  H.  Anthon,  judge-advocate-general  on  his  staff,  had  prepared 
the  draft  of  a  new  law,  which  being  introduced  in  the  Assembly 
was  referred  to  the  military  committee.  This  bill  provided  for  the 
enrollment  of  able-bodied  citizens  between  the  ages  of  eighteen  and 
forty-five  years  as  liable  to  military  duty  and  forming  the  militia 
of  the  State.  This  was  divided  into  two  classes — first  the  organized 
voluntary  force  to  be  known  as  the  National  Guard,  to  be  armed, 
uniformed,  equipped  and  otherwise  aided  at  the  expense  of  the  State; 
detailed  and  definite  provision  was  made  for  the  organization  and 
government  of  this  force  which  under  the  terms  of  the  Constitution 
was  entitled  to  the  election  of  its  own  officers.  The  remainder  of  the 
militia  formed  the  reserve  force  subject  to  a  draft  of  such  number  for 
active  service  as  the  public  exigencies  might  demand  from  time  to 
time,  and  detailed  provisions  were  made  for  the  conduct  of  such 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  81 

drafts  when  so  required.  General  Anthon  was  a  lawyer  of  ability, 
and  had  carefully  prepared  this  bill  and  discussed  it  before  the  com 
mittees  of  both  houses.  It  was  also  considered,  section  by  section, 
in  the  houses,  and  after  the  amendment  of  details  was  passed  by 
a  large  vote  in  substantially  the  same  general  form  as  when  intro 
duced.  This  law  provided  for  the  appointment  of  an  assistant 
inspector-general  with  the  rank  of  colonel,  to  which  place  I  was 
appointed  on  April  23,  1862,  the  day  after  the  passage  of  the  law 
which  provided  that  the  duties  of  the  office  should  include  the 
auditing  of  all  accounts  for  military  purposes.  My  general  duties 
were  the  same  as  I  had  theretofore  rendered,  but  were  now  recog 
nized  as  worthy  of  high  rank. 

Beyond  the  appropriation  for  the  regular  military  establishment 
no  allotment  of  funds  for  future  expenditures  were  made  at  this 
session  comparable  with  those  for  1861.  The  sum  of  $50,000  for 
reimbursement  of  the  militia  regiments  for  their  uniforms  lost  or 
destroyed  in  active  service  in  the  last  year  and  the  sum  of  $500,000 
for  the  payment  of  military  expenses  incurred  in  the  State  and  not 
otherwise  provided  for  were  appropriated.  I  was  secretary  of  the 
two  boards  of  audit  for  claims  payable  from  these  appropriations. 

It  was  now  evident  that  the  conduct  of  the  war  so  far  as  con 
cerned  expenditures  for  the  organization  and  equipment  of  the 
troops  must  be  controlled  by  the  United  States,  the  States  limiting 
their  outlay  to  the  support  of  the  militia  not  in  the  general  service, 
to  works  of  benevolence,  to  such  matters  as  concerned  the  appoint 
ment  and  promotion  of  regimental  officers  and  the  preparation  and 
preservation  of  the  records  of  all  troops  from  each  State,  to  which 
was  added  subsequently  the  cost  of  bounties  for  enlistment.  The 
6 


82  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

State  of  New  York  had  exceeded  all  others  in  its  appropriation  of 
funds  for  the  war.  In  April  1861,  in  addition  to  the  $3,000,000  for 
raising  two  years  volunteers  (Chap.  277),  there  was  appropriated 
$500,000  to  provide  arms  and  equipments  for  the  militia  and  pro 
vide  for  the  public  defence  (Chap.  292).  Under  the  former  appro 
priation  a  contract  was  made  with  Schuyler,  Hartley  and  Graham, 
of  New  York,  on  April  24,  1861,  whereby  the  senior  partner,  Mr. 
Jacob  R.  Schuyler,  was  to  proceed  to  Europe  and  purchase  25,000 

stand  of  Enfield  or  Minie  rifles  or  rifled  muskets  with  bayonets 

• 
and  fixed  ammunition  for  the  same,  and  on  August  2oth  a  similar 

contract  was  made  with  the  same  parties  to  procure  10,000  stand 
of  like  arms  for  the  militia  payable  from  the  fund  appropriated  for 
that  end  by  Chapter  292.  At  the  very  outbreak  of  hostilities  the 
dearth  of  arms  at  the  North  had  been  a  grave  matter  for  considera 
tion.  The  national  arsenals  had  been  surreptitiously  depleted  and 
their  contents  sent  to  the  slave  States.  There  were  but  two  armories 
making  small  arms,  one  at  Springfield,  Mass.,  and  one  at  Harpers 
Ferry,  Va.,  and  the  latter  was  captured  by  the  rebels  in  April  (1861) 
and  destroyed  by  them  when  they  evacuated  that  place  two  months 
later,  and  the  capacity  at  Springfield  was  probably  not  more  than 
loo  muskets  per  diem,  but  a  drop  in  the  bucket,  while  the  private 
armories  were  not  adapted  to  the  making  of  military  arms.  There 
was,  therefore,  a  great  demand  upon  the  European  stocks  of  these 
articles,  and  agents  of  the  United  States  and  the  various  loyal  States 
were  early  abroad  competing  with  speculative  buyers  and  agents 
of  the  insurgent  States.  Not  only  were  arms  of  recent  and  improved 
kinds  bought,  but  the  stores  of  discarded  arms  in  every  country 
were  gathered  and  sent  to  us.  Old  muskets  from  France,  Austria, 
Belgium  and  England  were  shipped  in  large  quantities  up  to  the 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  83 

middle  of  1863,  and  many  scandalous  transactions  resulted  from 
the  sale  of  these  both  to  the  United  States  and  the  States,  and  there 
was  also  the  danger  of  such  an  introduction  into  active  service  of 
arms  of  different  calibres  as  would  confuse  the  proper  distribution 
of  ammunition  and  lead  to  disasters.  On  June  I7th  a  general 
notice  was  issued  by  the  chief  of  ordnance,  that  ammunition  of  the 
calibre  of  the  United  States  muskets  would  alone  be  issued.  From 
all  these  scandals  and  mishaps  our  State  escaped  through  the  good 
management  of  its  officials,  and  no  arms  were  purchased  except 
Enfield  rifled  muskets  of  the  regulation  United  States  calibre  of 
.58  inch.  Of  these  Mr.  Schuyler  obtained  for  the  two  years  volun 
teers  19,000  stand,  and  for  the  militia  6,080  stand  at  an  average  cost 
of  about  $17.60  delivered  at  New  York.  The  competition  in  Europe 
between  the  various  agents  became  so  strong  and  prices  advanced 
so  rapidly,  both  through  the  demand  for  America  and  several 
other  countries,  and  the  bids  of  speculators,  that  in  November 
Secretary  Cameron  requested  the  States  to  withdraw  their  agents, 
leaving  the  procurement  and  supply  of  arms  to  the  United  States. 
Of  course  there  was  a  general  compliance  with  this  request.  There 
were  purchased  forty  field  pieces  of  3.67  inch  bore,  rifled  and  rein 
forced  at  the  breech  on  the  "  Parrott "  principle,  with  carriages, 
caissons,  short  battery  and  forge  wagons,  with  solid  and  hollow 
ammunition  for  the  same.  The  guns  known  as  "  Parrott  guns  " 
were  contracted  for  and  made  under  the  supervision  of  Major 
Richard  Delafield,  United  States  engineers,  stationed  at  New  York, 
whose  advice  and  active  labor  were  always  at  our  disposal.  I  may 
add  here  that  in  the  last  two  years  of  the  war  there  was  no  dearth 
of  rifled  muskets.  The  Springfield  armory  turned  out  1,000  of  them 
daily,  and  the  aggregate  product  by  private  armories  equalled  this. 


84  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

The  period  of  the  second  levy  by  the  State  beginning  July  I,  1861, 
may  be  considered  as  ending  on  March  31,  1862,*  and  the  force 
was  distributed  among  the  various  arms  of  the  service  as  follows : 

65  regiments  infantry    S9>1&3  men 

9  regiments  cavalry 8,742     " 

2  regiments  engineers 1,880 

3  regiments  artillery   j 

4  battalions  artillery   !•          6,584 

9  batteries  artillery   


Total  in  new  organizations 76,389 

Recruits  sent  to  regiments,  etc.,  in  the  field 12,500 


Total *88,889 

On  December  3,  1861,  was  issued  General  Order  No.  105 
of  the  War  Department,  announcing  that  no  more  regiments, 
batteries  or  independent  companies  were  to  be  raised  by  the 
States  except  upon  special  requisition,  and  providing  an  elabor 
ate  system  of  recruiting  for  regiments,  etc.,  in  the  field. 
During  the  winter  General  McClellan  and  his  division  and 
brigade  officers  were  actively  engaged  in  drilling  into  effective 
condition  the  troops  assembled  at  and  near  Washington,  the 
greater  part  of  them  on  the  Virginia  side  of  the  Potomac.  Not 
only  were  there  regular  daily  exercises  in  company,  regimental 
and  brigade  tactics,  but  frequent  reviews  whereby  the  army 
became  conscious  of  its  size  and  condition,  and  gained  the  con- 

*  In  this  levy  is  included  much  the  greater  part  of  the  effective  cavalry, 
engineers  and  artillery  organized  in  the  State  during  the  whole  war.  The 
regiment  composing  the  levy  had  a  longer  service  and  on  the  whole  more 
severe  service  than  the  others. 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  85 

fidence  impaired  by  the  disasters  of  1861.  General  McClellan 
deserves  great  credit  for  his  ability  to  convert  these  raw  troops 
into  an  army,  and  he  gained  by  it  that  admiration  and  enthusiastic 
attachment  that  survived  his  usefulness  and  was  the  cause  of  many 
cabals  and  conspiracies  injurious  to  the  cause  of  the  Unionists.  The 
muddy  and  impracticable  condition  of  the  Virginia  roads  was  given 
as  the  cause  of  inactivity,  and  no  engagements  occurred  during  the 
whole  winter,  General  Lee's  line  being  in  front  of  Manassas,  so 
that  the  two  armies  confronted  each  other  for  two  months.  Our 
long  remembered  daily  announcement  in  the  papers  was  "All  is 
quiet  on  the  Potomac."  This  monotonous  news  irritated  the 
ardent  and  impatient  and  soon  there  was  a  counter  demand  for  an 
advance  upon  the  enemy — "  On  to  Richmond  "  was  the  cry  that 
became  vociferous  when  we  heard  of  the  capture  of  Forts  Henry 
and  Donelson  on  the  Tennessee  and  Cumberland  rivers.  When 
we  heard  our  commanding  officer's  reply  to  General  Buckner's  pro 
posal  for  a  capitulation  of  Fort  Donelson  on  February  i6th  in 
these  words:  "  No  terms  except  an  unconditional  and  immediate 
surrender  can  be  accepted.  /  propose  to  move  immediately  upon  your 
works"  there  was  a  thrill  of  exultation  and  pride  in  the  heart  of 
every  patriotic  citizen,  and  thenceforth  the  name  of  "  Ulysses  S. 
Grant  "  was  a  household  word  beneath  every  loyal  roof-tree.  The 
demand  for  prompt  and  vigorous  action  on  the  Potomac  was  now 
overpowering;  the  knowledge  that  the  army  was  in  excellent  con 
dition  and  provided  in  every  respect  gave  added  strength  to  the 
demand.  Succumbing  to  the  popular  pressure  an  advance  was 
made  on  March  6th  only  to  find  the  Rebel  army  gone,  the  earth 
works  provided  with  "  Quaker  "  guns,  the  cantonment  destroyed 
and  the  whole  plan  of  the  campaign  frustrated  by  this  unexpected 


86  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

stratagem.  The  bitter  disappointment  and  chagrin  of  our  people 
was  only  relieved  by  the  announcement  that  General  McClellan, 
relieved  from  "  the  command  of  the  army,"  that  is  of  all  the  United 
States  forces  (March  nth),  had  projected  a  movement  upon  Rich 
mond  upon  the  line  of  the  James  river.  This  radical  change  in  the 
road  "  On  to  Richmond  "  distracted  all  minds  for  the  time  from 
criticism  of  the  failure  at  Manassas,  and  relying  upon  the  superior 
intelligence  and  military  genius  of  the  general  in  command,  we  saw 
with  high  hopes  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  embark  for  "  the  penin 
sula  "  between  Chesapeake  bay  and  the  James  river. 


No.  3. 

THIRD  LEVY-CFIRST  PART)  APRIL  i,  \&62,  TO 

DECEMBER  3J,  J86Z 


THE  record  of  the  second  levy  ends  with  March  31,  1862, 
but  I  have  not  included  within  that  period  the  dramatic 
episode  of  the  Merrimac.  It  was  known  that  the  Confederate 
government  was  fitting  this  old  naval  vessel  as  an  iron-clad  with 
batteries  protected  by  a  sloping  roof  of  iron  plates  and  provided 
with  a  "  ram  "  at  its  bows.  It  was  reported  that  her  destination 
was  the  seaboard  cities  of  the  North,  and  that  New  York  was  the 
favored  objective  point.  During  the  discussion  in  the  Legislature 
of  the  defenseless  condition  of  that  city  so  sharply  suggested  by 
our  recent  fears  of  a  war  with  England,  this  probable  attack  by 
the  Confederate  iron-clad  was  considered  and  we  again  realized  our 
helplessness.  Only  one  desperate  resource  remained,  and  that  was 
to  collect  in  the  upper  bay  all  the  available  steam  vessels,  including 
ferry  boats  and  tugs,  and  in  a  compact  fleet  to  bear  down  upon  the 
iron-clad  and  board  her,  and  by  mere  overpowering  numbers 
smother  her.  It  was  a  barbaric  project,  like  a  thousand  naked 
Indians  overbearing  a  mailed  knight;  hundreds  would  be  killed  and 
numberless  vessels  destroyed,  but  in  the  end  the  enemy  must  have 
succumbed  to  the  swarm  of  assailants.  On  March  8th  came  the 
telegraphic  message  from  the  Secretary  of  War  that  the  Merrimac 
had  that  day  destroyed  the  Cumberland  and  Congress  and  disabled 
the  remainder  of  our  fleet  in  Hampton  Roads  and  would  probably 
leave  there  immediately  for  New  York.  There  were  hurried  councils 


88  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

and  telegraphic  warnings  sent  to  New  York,  where  great  alarm  was 
felt,  but  before  any  preparations  could  be  even  improvised  we 
heard  of  the  theatrically  opportune  arrival  of  the  "  Monitor "  at 
Hampton  Roads  on  March  9th  and  of  the  retreat  of  the  Merrimac 
at  the  end  of  that  eventful  day — a  day  that  instantaneously  changed 
the  methods  of  naval  warfare.  It  was  the  second  escape  of  New 
York  city  within  six  months,  and  yet  to  this  day  when  I  write, 
twenty-seven  years  later,  no  adequate  defence  for  the  great  metro 
politan  city  has  been  provided.*  Was  there  ever  before  such  a 
shiftless,  happy-go-lucky  people? 

On  April  2d  General  McClellan  reached  Fortress  Monroe,  where 
his  entire  army  of  115,000  men  was  soon  after  assembled  to  begin 
the  famous  "  Peninsula  campaign  "  which  has  since  been  the  cause 
of  so  much  discussion  and  acrimony.  It  was  a  splendid  army  both 
in  personal  and  material  elements;  it  had  the  most  enthusiastic 
admiration  for  and  confidence  in  its  commander;  every  possible 
resource  of  the  government  had  been  freely  drawn  upon  for  its 
equipment;  it  had  the  good  wishes,  the  confidence,  the  tearful 
prayers  of  our  loyal  people.  It  was  the  first  grand  army  and  the 
first  great  enterprise  of  that  army  in  our  efforts  to  restore  the 
Union.  We  read  with  pride  and  joyous  anticipation  that  the  first 
advance  would  be  to  occupy  the  historic  Yorktown,  where  the 
surrender  of  Cornwallis  had  practically  closed  our  Revolutionary 
struggle  and  made  us  a  nation.  It  seemed  a  happy  augury  that 
the  first  great  encounter  to  preserve  that  nation  would  occur  upon 
that  memorable  field.  Day  after  day  we  heard  that  our  army  was 
confronting  the  rebel  earthworks  there ;  that  breaching  batteries  were 
being  constructed  and  great  guns  brought  up  from  the  fort,  and 
that  the  attack  was  about  to  be  made.  I  recall  the  discussions 

*  See  Appendix  "  C." 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  89 

around  the  Capitol,  the  newspaper  dispatches,  the  official  communi 
cations  from  Washington,  the  private  advices  from  our  troops,  and 
in  all  these  there  was  the  single  hue  of  trust  in  the  commander  and 
his  army  and  reliance  upon  success.  So  those  precious  spring 
days  slipped  away  and  the  army  confronted  the  earth-works 
stretched  across  the  peninsula  for  thirteen  miles  and  so  scantily 
manned,  and  yet  such  a  formidable  bugbear  that  our  splendid  army 
was  paralyzed  there  for  thirty  days.  We  fretted  at  this  obstacle, 
though  in  our  simple  faith  we  believed  it  insuperable,  and  thought 
our  final  triumph  none  the  less  assured  because  of  the  delay.  And 
when  on  May  5th  the  works  were  taken  because  there  were  no 
troops  defending  them,  we  still  were  deluded  by  the  idea  that  this 
was  scientific  warfare  and  therefore  the  best.  Our  small  success 
at  West  Point,  on  York  river,  and  the  evacuation  of  Norfolk  by 
the  rebels  seemed  to  be  a  foretaste  of  the  speedy  occupation  of 
Richmond.  Then  came  the  repulse  of  our  fleet  under  Commodore 
Rodgers  at  Drewrys  Bluff,  only  eight  miles  below  Richmond  on 
the  James  river,  and  on  the  2Oth  of  May  we  read  that  our  army 
had  reached  the  Chickahominy — a  new,  strange  name  not  yet  lurid 
with  bloody  disasters  and  miasmatic  poison.  I  need  not  recount 
the  story  of  those  eventful  weeks  of  alternate  hope  and  depression, 
of  how  the  celebrated  "  Stonewall  "  Jackson  foiled  our  Generals 
McDowell,  Banks  and  Fremont  in  the  Shenandoah  country  and 
then  rapidly  joined  his  forces  with  Lee.  From  Seven  Pines  and 
Fair  Oaks  to  Malvern  Hill  the  various  battles  were  waged  for  five 
hot  pestilential  weeks,  and  after  a  successful  battle  at  Malvern  Hill 
we  learned  on  the  fourth  of  July  that  our  army  had  on  the  previous 
day  retreated  in  disorder  to  Harrisons  Landing  on  the  James  river. 
We  could  not  believe  that  this  was  the  fatal  end  of  our  campaign 
"On  to  Richmond;"  we  were  beguiled  by  the  announcement  that 


9Q  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

a  "  change  of  base  "  had  been  accomplished,  a  new  phrase  that  was 
accepted  as  conveying  the  idea  of  consummate  strategy.  How 
many  of  us  remember  our  first  acquaintance  with  that  specious 
phrase  and  its  temporary  consolations. 

During  these  days  of  anxiety  and  suspense,  matters  had  been 
very  quiet  in  the  military  department  of  the  State.  Recruiting  for 
regiments  in  the  field  was  continued,  but  with  very  meagre 
results.  We  were  absolutely  bewildered  by  the  conflict  between  our 
bright  anticipations  in  May  and  the  awful  losses  on  the  Chicka- 
hominy.  If  such  an  invincible  army  led  by  a  "  young  Napoleon  " 
could  make  no  headway  there  was  little  encouragement  for  mere 
civilians  to  enlist.  Strenuous  efforts  were  made  to  return  to  the 
army  the  many  absentees.* 

Governor  Morgan  had  daily  a  meeting  of  his  staff  to  discuss 
openly  all  matters,  and  the  head  of  each  department  brought  for 
ward  matters  for  inquiry  and  consideration.  Inspector-General 
Arthur  being  resident  at  New  York,  I  represented  our  department 
at  these  daily  reunions,  which  were  productive  of  great  benefit  and 
harmony  to  the  military  administration.  The  fearful  slaughter  in 
the  battles  on  the  York  and  James  rivers  gave  us  a  realizing  sense 
of  war  in  its  more  awful  aspects.  The  ready  water  communication 
enabled  the  transportation  of  many  of  the  wounded  to  purer  air  and 

*  In  fact,  absenteeism  was  a  monstrous  evil  in  the  army.  General  Orders 
Nos.  60  and  61  of  the  War  Department  early  in  June,  1862,  were  directed 
against  this  insidious  depletion  of  our  active  force.  The  latter  orders  said: 
"  The  great  number  of  officers  absent  from  their  regiments  without  sufficient 
cause  is  a  serious  evil  that  calls  for  immediate  correction,"  and  this  was  in 
the  very  midst  of  the  desperate  struggle  on  the  James  River.  Subsequently, 
in  a  Congressional  investigation,  it  was  asserted  that  hundreds  of  leaves  of 
absence  and  furloughs  from  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  during  the  Peninsula 
campaign  were  issued  upon  direct  solicitation  by  Members  of  Congress. 
Such  a  scandalous  misuse  of  official  influence  astonished  us,  but  we  subse 
quently  became  more  accustomed  to  the  unwarrantable  interference  with 
military  matters  by  our  legislators. 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  91 

better  attention  at  the  North,  where  the  land  was  aflame  with  pity, 
sympathy  and  zeal.  One  steamboat  brought  a  load  of  the  wounded 
to  Albany,  where  they  were  transferred  to  the  hospitals  and  engaged 
the  constant  ministrations  of  the  compassionate.  The  sanitary  and 
Christian  commissions  now  began  on  a  large  scale  those  benefi 
cent  and  wonderful  tasks  that  will  make  their  names  immortal. 
Surgeon-General  Vander  Poel's  suggestion  that  a  corps  of  volun 
teer  surgeons  be  organized  to  aid  the  regular  medical  staff  in  the 
field  was  approved  by  Secretary  Stanton.  General  Vander  Poel 
organized  such  a  special  corps,  comprising  some  of  the  most  highly 
qualified  surgeons  in  the  State,  who  were  commissioned  by  Gov 
ernor  Morgan  and  under  Surgeon-General  Vander  Poel's  super 
vision  rendered  great  aid  in  the  field  and  hospital  service  during 
the  terrible  spring  and  summer  of  1862.  General  Vander  Poel  went 
to  Fortress  Monroe  in  the  latter  part  of  April  to  superintend  the 
transportation  of  the  sick  and  wounded  to  the  more  bracing  air  of 
the  North  and  made  himself  well  acquainted  with  the  needs  of  the 
medical  service. 

The  disasters  to  our  troops  in  the  Shenandoah  country  led  to  a 
requisition  upon  us  in  the  latter  part 'of  May  for  all  our  available 
National  Guard  regiments  for  a  three  months  service,  and  8,588 
such  troops  were  within  a  few  days  sent  forward  to  Washington 
and  the  vicinity.* 

On  June  3d  were  issued  general  orders  for  the  enrollment  under 
the  recent  militia  law  of  all  persons  in  the  State  liable  to  militia 
duty.  This  work,  under  the  provisions  of  the  law,  was  to  be  per 
formed  by  the  officers  of  the  National  Guard.  It  was  directed  that 

*  These  regiments  were  Seventh,  Eighth,  Eleventh,  Twenty-second, 
Twenty-fifth,  Twenty-seventh  and  Seventy-first.  When  their  three  months 
term  of  service  expired  on  September  ist,  there  had  been  nearly  twice  their 
number  of  new  three  year  regiments  sent  to  the  field. 


92  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

the  enrollment  should  be  complete  by  July  ist  in  order  that  the 
State  might  be  prepared  to  meet  further  requisitions  for  troops  by 
a  draft  from  the  great  mass  of  the  enrolled  militia,  There  were, 
however,  great  differences  of  opinion  in  our  staff  council  as  to  the 
expediency  of  abandoning  volunteer  enlistment  and  resorting  to  a 
draft.  There  had  been  two  general  orders  issued  providing  for  the 
organization  of  volunteers,  one  on  November  26,  1861  (No.  113), 
and  one  on  May  23,  1862  (No.  31),  neither  of  which  had  accom 
plished  any  considerable  result.  This,  however,  was  not  so  much 
attributable  to  the  methods  and  their  details  as  enjoined  by  such 
orders  as  to  the  general  apathy  prevalent  at  that  period  originating 
in  the  military  conditions.  Early  in  January  a  mixed  military  and 
naval  expedition  under  General  Ambrose  E.  Burnside  and  Commo 
dore  L.  M.  Goldsborough  had  sailed  from  Fortress  Monroe  for 
the  North  Carolina  coast  and  obtained  a  lodgment  on  Roanoke 
Island  which  was  the  base  of  an  occupation  on  Pamlico  Sound  that 
was  never  relinquished.  Then  we  had  the  good  news  about  Forts 
Henry  and  Donelson  in  Western  Tennessee.  About  the  end  of 
February  General  Butler  and  Captain  Farragut  left  Fortress  Monroe 
with  a  mixed  military  and  naval  force  for  Ship  Island,  in  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico,  and  in  April  came  the  glorious  news  of  the  passage  of 
Forts  St.  Philip  and  Jackson,  on  the  Mississippi  river,  and  then  of 
the  capture  of  New  Orleans.  In  this  same  month  (April  6-7)  was 
fought  the  desperate  battle  of  Shiloh  or  Pittsburg  Landing  in 
Tennessee  near  the  Mississippi  boundary,  followed  by  our  posses 
sion  of  the  Mississippi  river  down  to  Vicksburg.  But  all  these 
successful  enterprises  were  in  the  West  and  Southwest,  and  our 
attention  in  New  York  was  directed  more  to  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac,  largely  composed  of  our  regiments.  In  fact  during  the 
entire  war  our  closest  sympathies  were  with  this  army — we  had 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  93 

regiments  in  other  armies,  I  might  say  in  all  other  armies;  we 
mourned  over  our  defeats  and  exulted  over  our  victories  where- 
ever  and  by  whomever  fought,  but  still  the  armies  in  Eastern 
Virginia  were  not  only  nearest  in  distance  but  closer  to  our  hearts 
and  our  imagination.  From  November  ist  to  March  1st  that  army 
was  practically  on  guard  in  front  of  Washington,  and  the  tiresome 
reiteration  of  its  inaction,  of  its  petty  affairs  of  parades  or  discom 
forts,  roused  no  such  depth  of  interest  or  feeling  as  would  stimulate 
recruiting. 

The  enrollment  of  the  militia,  impeded  by  the  absence  of  so  many 
officers  of  the  National  Guard  in  service,  was  not  half  com 
pleted  when  the  series  of  disasters  on  "  the  Peninsula  "  ending  in 
the  retreat  to  Harrisons  Landing,  brought  us  face  to  face  with  the 
supreme  peril  of  our  cause  and  there  was  the  most  grave  appre 
hension  throughout  the  North.  Upon  an  original  invitation  by 
Governor  Morgan,  nineteen  Governors  of  the  loyal  States  united 
on  June  28th  in  an  address  to  the  President  proposing  that  "  in 
view  of  the  important  military  movements  now  in  progress  and  the 
reduced  condition  of  our  effective  forces  in  the  field  "  they  respect 
fully  request  the  President  to  call  upon  the  several  States  for  such 
numbers  of  men  as  would  fill  up  the  regiments  in  the  field  and  also 
add  largely  to  the  volunteer  armies  then  in  the  field,  and  furthermore 
expressing  the  strong  desire  of  the  citizens  they  represented  "  to  aid 
promptly  in  furnishing  all  the  reinforcements  you  may  deem  needful 
to  sustain  our  Government."  This  vigorous  address  was  answered 
in  an  equally  prompt  and  vigorous  tone  by  the  President  on  July 
ist  in  a  call  for  300,000  additional  volunteers,  to  be  chiefly  infantry. 

In  the  meantime  the  situation  had  been  fully  discussed  and  it  was 
determined  to  adopt  a  new  plan  of  recruitment,  and  one  that,  while 
stimulating  local  pride  and  emulation,  would  also  engage  the  active 


94  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

assistance  of  eminent  and  influential  men  in  every  part  of  the  State. 
There  are  thirty-two  State  Senatorial  Districts,  and  in  each  of  these 
a  regimental  camp  was  to  be  established,  and  a  district  military 
committee  composed  of  twelve  or  more  prominent  citizens  selected 
from  both  political  parties.*  On  July  2d  Governor  Morgan  issued 
a  stirring  proclamation  setting  forth  the  pressing  need  of  reinforc 
ing  the  armies  and  appealing  to  all  patriotic  citizens  to  aid.f  Then 
began  the  most  glorious  and  purely  patriotic  endeavor  of  our  Em 
pire  State,  when  her  vast  resources  and  endurance  were  strained 
to  the  utmost  with  such  an  outcome  in  men,  considering  their 
numbers  and  quality,  as  has  never  been  surpassed.  Then  the  days 
of  labor  by  the  Governor,  the  staff  and  subordinates  seldom  ended 
before  midnight,  and  often  were  prolonged  far  beyond  that  hour. 
On  July  7th  were  issued  General  Orders  No.  52,  prescribing  the 
details  of  enlistment  and  organization  of  the  troops  to  be  raised 
under  the  President's  call.  Regimental  camps  were  to  be  estab 
lished  in  each  Senatorial  District,  except  in  the  first  seven  districts, 
comprising  the  counties  of  Suffolk,  Queens,  Richmond,  Kings  and 
New  York,  within  which  metropolitan  districts  persons  organizing 
regiments  might  select  the  location  of  the  camp  subject  to  the 
approval  of  the  Governor.  A  commander  of  each  proposed  regi 
ment  was  to  be  designated  by  the  Governor,  to  be  commissioned  on 
its  completion;  and  in  addition  an  adjutant,  quartermaster  and  sur 
geon;  the  first  two,  upon  the  nomination  of  the  commander,  were 
to  be  appointed  in  advance  by  the  Governor,  and  immediately  mus 
tered  into  service.  Upon  the  application  of  persons  approved  by 

*  Unfortunately  I  am  not  able  to  give  a  list  of  the  committeemen,  which 
would  form  rolls  of  honor  similar  to  the  lists  of  like  patriotic  "  War  Com 
mittees  "  immediately  before  and  during  our  Revolutionary  War. 

f  Among  the  many  responses  to  this  appeal,  reinforced  by  patriotic  heat, 
was  the  proposal  of  a  Sunday  school  teacher  in  New  York  to  raise  a  com 
pany  of  soldiers  to  be  composed  of  "  professors  of  religion."  No  discrimi 
nation  as  to  sect  was  named,  but  probably  it  "  went  without  saying  "  that  no 
Quakers  were  expected  to  enlist  in  the  choice  company. 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  95 

the  regimental  commanders,  the  Governor  would  issue  certificates 
granting  authority  to  enroll  volunteers,  and  entitling  each  person 
so  authorized  to  the  commission  of  second  lieutenant  when  not 
less  than  thirty  men  were  enrolled  by  him  and  had  been  mustered; 
of  first  lieutenant  when  not  less  than  forty  such  men  had  been 
mustered,  and  of  captain  when  eighty-three,  the  minimum  of  a 
company,  had  been  mustered.  Provision  was  made  for  the  mus 
ter  into  service  of  the  company  and  field  officers  when  the  proper 
number  of  recruits  and  companies  had  been  mustered  in.  The 
pay  of  the  enlisted  men  began  from  the  date  of  enrollment,  and 
of  officers  from  the  date  of  muster  in.  All  the  proper  expenses  of 
recruitment  were  payable  by  the  United  States  mustering  officers, 
and  subsistence  in  camp  was  furnished  by  contractors,  paid  by  the 
General  Government.  Clothing,  equipments,  etc.,  were  to  be  issued 
to  the  proper  regimental  staff  officers,  upon  requisitions  upon  the 
chiefs  of  the  State  military  departments,  who  in  turn  obtained  their 
supplies  by  requisition  upon  the  proper  officers  of  the  General 
Government.  There  had  been  a  great  advance  since  the  first 
levy.  The  Governor,  as  commander-in-chief,  was  now  the  supreme 
power  and  selected  the  commandants  of  the  prospective  regi 
ments;  authority  to  recruit  came  from  him,  upon  the  approval 
of  these  commandants,  and  every  vestige  of  the  system  of  election 
of  officers  had  disappeared.  We  had  learned  that  war  was  such 
a  barbarous  institution  that  it  could  not  be  conducted  upon  the 
democratic  principles  of  our  civil  polity.  The  autocratic  concen 
tration  of  power  in  the  Governor  gave  energy  and  harmony  to 
our  work,  and  this  effect  was  manifested  in  every  direction.*  Now, 

*  But  this  was  in  reality  a  violation  of  the  State  Constitution,  which  pro 
vided  that  the  militia  should  elect  its  own  officers;  and  the  volunteers  were  a 
part  of  the  militia,  for  if  they  were  not,  then  how  could  the  Governor  appoint 
and  commission  them?  The  United  States  Constitution  provides  that  offi 
cers  of  the  United  States  shall  be  appointed  by  the  President  and  Senate,  so 
these  officers  of  volunteers  were  not  officers  of  the  United  States;  and  if 


96  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

too,  we  enjoyed  fully  the  advantages  of  our  Governor's  position 
as  major-general,  which  enabled  prompt  and  favorable  arrange 
ments  with  the  United  States  military  establishment.  Captain 
Henry  C.  Hodges,  of  the  United  States  Quartermaster  Depart 
ment,  was  detailed  as  quartermaster  on  Major-General  Morgan's 
staff.  He  was  an  excellent  officer,  efficient,  vigorous  and  cour 
teous.  He  is  now  a  deputy  quartermaster-general.  Captain  George 
W.  Wallace,  of  the  First  United  States  Infantry,  one  of  the  unfor 
tunate  paroled  officers  of  Twigg's  command  in  Texas,  was  com 
missary  of  subsistence  on  the  staff.  He  is  now  a  lieutenant-colonel 
on  the  retired  list.*  The  contracts  made  through  these  officers  by 
the  Governor  aggregated  a  large  sum,  of  which  I  kept  a  record 
and  a  copy  of  each  contract,  with  a  debit  and  credit  account  of 
all  deliveries  of  supplies  and  payments  thereon,  and  upon  my  check 
of  the  accounts  they  were  approved  by  the  Governor.  Under  this 
call  it  became  necessary  to  concentrate  at  New  York  the  requisi 
tions  for  uniforms,  blankets,  tents,  etc.,  to  be  filled  there  by  Lieuten 
ant-Colonel  Vinton,  deputy  quartermaster-general  United  States 
Army,  whose  depot  of  supplies  was  on  Broadway  near  Canal  street. 
This  concentration  of  work  in  New  York,  where  General  Arthur 
was  resident,  and  more  particularly  his  superior  ability,  caused  an 
exchange  of  places  between  him  and  General  Van  Vechten,  the  for 
mer  becoming,  on  July  Qth,  the  quartermaster-general  and  the  lat 
ter,  inspector  general.f 

officers  of  the  State,  they  were  officers  of  the  militia,  the  appointment  of 
which  that  instrument  concedes  to  the  several  States.  It  was  another 
instance  of  the  supreme  need  to  suspend  certain  constitutional  obligations  in 
order  to  save  the  Union. 

*  Colonel  Wallace  was  promoted  major  of  the  Sixth  Infantry  in  1862;  lieu 
tenant-colonel  of  the  Twelfth  Infantry  in  1866.  He  was  retired  December 
15,  1870,  and  died  12  October  1888. 

t  Regarding  General  Arthur's  Headquarters,  see  Appendix  B,  "  Head 
quarters,  Depots,  Etc." 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  97 

Congress  during  the  session  ended  July  I7th  had  provided  that 
every  volunteer  enlisting  for  three  years  should  receive,  when  mus 
tered  into  service,  one-quarter  of  the  bounty  of  $100  provided  by 
the  act  of  July  22,  1861,  and  might  also  draw  at  the  same  time 
one  month's  pay.  These  were  inducements  to  some  extent,  since 
they  gave  the  recruit  a  fund  to  leave  with  his  family,  but  in  the 
competition  between  counties  and  States  there  was  being  paid  in 
Massachusetts  and  Connecticut  a  further  bounty  which  placed  us 
at  a  serious  disadvantage,  and  the  discussions  at  our  staff  meetings 
led  to  the  conviction  that  some  further  encouragement  must  be 
offered,  and  that  to  prevent  rivalry  and  extravagant  competition 
and  outbidding,  a  uniform  State  bounty  was  advisable.  Fortu 
nately  we  had  not  only  an  energetic  and  courageous  Governor, 
but  an  equally  so  Comptroller  in  Lucius  Robinson.  The  State 
Constitution,  in  terms,  forbade  the  payment  of  any  money  from  the 
treasury  or  the  contracting  of  any  debt  upon  public  account,  except 
in  pursuance  of  a  law  enacted  by  the  Legislature.  The  Governor 
had  power  to  convene  that  body,  but  this  would  delay  action  that 
must  be  immediate,  if  at  all,  and  besides  it  was  undesirable  to 
add  to  the  difficulties  and  distractions  of  that  period  by  the  con 
vocation  of  a  body  that  once  in  session  would  have  power  to  trans 
cend  the  purposes  for  which  convoked.  The  Governor  and  Comp 
troller,  after  conferences  with  the  officers  of  the  principal  banks 
at  Albany  and  New  York  and  the  counsels  of  many  prominent 
citizens,  concluded  to  take  the  responsibility  of  borrowing  and 
expending  enough  money  to  pay  a  bounty  of  fifty  dollars  to  every 
recruit  when  mustered  into  service,  enlisting  either  in  the  regi 
ments  about  to  be  raised  or  in  those  in  the  field.  These  sagacious 
and  intrepid  officers  believed  that  our  patriotic  citizens  would  insist 
that  this  action  should  be  legalized  by  the  Legislature  at  its  next 
7 


98  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

session,  and  the  general  acquiescence  and  applause  by  the  public 
press,  when  their  determination  was  announced,  seemed  an  earnest 
that  they  would  not  suffer.* 

On  July  1 7th  the  Governor  issued  a  proclamation  setting  forth 
the  desirability  of  a  uniform  bounty,  the  exigent  demand  for  some 
action  and  that  such  a  bounty  of  fifty  dollars  would  be  paid  to  each 
recruit.  General  Orders  on  July  iQth  prescribed  the  details  of  pay 
ment  of  this  bounty,  one-half  when  the  recruit  was  accepted  and 
the  other  half  when  his  regiment  was  mustered  into  service.  Under 
this  stimulant,  but  more  particularly  through  the  general  popular 
sentiment  as  to  the  need  of  military  reinforcements,  the  patriotic 
endeavor  of  the  several  district  committees  and  the  emulation  of 
localities,  the  enlistments  day  after  day  exceeded  by  far  any  period 
of  the  war.  The  staff  departments  were  humming  like  beehives; 
committeemen  from  every  district  were  arriving  and  departing; 
authorizations  to  raise  companies  were  issued  daily  by  the  hun 
dred  and  every  nerve  and  muscle  were  strained  to  keep  pace  with 
the  popular  ardor  and  to  provide  for  the  swarms  of  recruits  at  every 
camp.  In  the  meantime  the  enrollment  of  the  militia  was  slowly 
progressing,  and  as  it  was  a  menace  of  the  much-feared  draft,  it 
added  to  the  incentives  to  rapid  recruitment.  I  also  had  in  hand 
the  preparatory  work  for  the  several  auditing  boards  for  military 
claims,  of  which  I  was  the  secretary.  The  unprecedented  rapidity 
of  enlistments  and  their  collection  at  so  many  camps  caused  the 
issue  of  General  Orders  No.  62,  on  July  28th,  providing  for  a  sys 
tematic  and  regular  inspection  of  the  camps  by  the  Inspector- 
General's  Department.  For  this  purpose  Colonel  John  Bradley, 

*  The  total  amount  of  the  bounties  paid  under  this  arrangement  reached 
$2,721,050,  and  the  Legislature  at  its  session  in  1863  passed  an  act  legalizing 
the  payment  and  providing  means  to  reimburse  the  patriotic  banks  that  had 
advanced  the  funds. 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  99 

who  had  been  acting  as  our  State  agent  at  Washington,  and  Colonel 
Elliott  F.  Shepard,  one  of  the  Governor's  aids,  were  attached  to 
our  department  as  acting  assistant  inspector-generals.  The  State 
was  divided  into  four  grand  districts  of  inspection:  General  Van 
Vechten  taking  the  metropolitan  district  of  New  York  city,  Long 
and  Staten  islands;  to  me  were  assigned  the  camps  at  Yonkers 
and  Sing  Sing,  Newburgh  and  Goshen,  Poughkeepsie,  Kingston, 
Hudson,  Albany,  Troy,  Salem,  Plattsburgh,  Schoharie,  Fonda,  and 
Mohawk  and  Herkimer.  The  other  camps  were  divided  between 
Colonels  Bradley  and  Shepard.  A  sketch  of  my  duties  under  this 
order  for  three  weeks  may  give  a  clear  idea  of  the  great  work  of 
reinforcing  our  armies  that  was  so  successfully  and  gloriously  accom 
plished  by  our  State  in  the  summer  and  autumn  of  1862.  On  July 
29th  I  left  Albany  early  for  Newburgh,  where,  after  a  hurried  con 
ference  with  some  members  of  the  district  committee,  one  of  their 
number,  Mr.  A.  Post,  accompanied  me  to  New  Windsor  to  see 
Mr.  A.  Van  Horn  Ellis,  the  selected  commandant  of  the  regiment. 
Mr.  Ellis  had  a  beautiful  residence  on  the  banks  of  the  river  and 
every  reason  to  enjoy  life.  He  was  one  of  the  devoted  men  of 
the  day  who  felt  that  their  place  was  in  the  field  of  danger.  After 
some  talk  as  to  the  relative  merits  of  Newburgh  or  Goshen  as  the 
location  of  the  camp,  I  left  for  Kingston,  where  Mr.  George  H. 
Sharpe  had  been  selected  as  commandant  of  what  was  to  be  the 
One  Hundred  and  Twentieth  Regiment.  The  camp  was  placed 
upon  a  plain  near  the  village,  and  some  recruits  were  already 
collected  and  under  canvas.  The  adjutant  and  quartermaster  were 
gaining  some  intelligence  in  their  duties.  On  the  3ist  I  visited 
Hudson,  where  David  S.  Cowles,  a  prominent  lawyer,  had  been 
selected  as  commandant  of  the  One  Hundred  and  Twenty-eighth 
Regiment.  Few  recruits  had  as  yet  been  collected,  but  the  reports 


ioo  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

were  very  favorable.     Here,  as  at  Newburgh  and  Kingston,  I  was 
deeply  impressed  by  the  earnest  and  serious  interest  in  military 
matters  evinced  by  every  one  I  met.     The  members  of  the  district 
committees  were  very  active,  but  it  was  the  general  popular  sense 
of  the  gravity   of  the   situation   that  was   most  noteworthy.      On 
August  ist  I  reached  Fonda,  where  many  recruits  were  collected, 
as  also  at  Mohawk,  where  the  camp  was  being  laid  out  upon  a 
height  above  the  river,  opposite  Herkimer.     Upon  my  return  to 
Albany  I  induced  the  Governor  to  modify  his  order  that  barracks 
should  not  be  built,  but  tents  issued  for  encampment,  for  such  were 
the  increasing  numbers  of  enlistments  that  tents  could  not  pos 
sibly  be  procured  in  time.      On  Monday,   the  4th  of  August,   I 
inspected  the  One  Hundred  and  Thirteenth  Regiment  at  Albany, 
which  was  quartered  at  the  "  industrial  school "  barracks,  occupied 
by  us  since  April  of  the  previous  year.    Many  of  the  new  regiments 
were  to  be  commanded  by  officers  of  the  regular  army  and  others 
by  experienced  officers  from  our  State  volunteer  regiments  in  the 
field.     They  thus  went  into  service  with  a  great  advantage  over 
those  of  the  earlier  levies.      The  colonel  of  the  One  Hundred  and 
Thirteenth  was  Captain  Lewis  O.  Morris,  of  the  First  Regiment 
Artillery,  United  States  Army.     He  was  killed  before  Cold  Har 
bor  on  June  4,  1864,  and  Major  E.  A.  Springsteed  was  killed  in 
action   at   Reams   Station,   Va.,   on  August  25,    1864.     The   regi 
ment  had  been  converted  into  the  Seventh  Heavy  Artillery. 

I  reached  Plattsburgh  on  the  morning  of  August  5th,  where  the 
camp  had  been  placed  at  the  old  United  States  barracks  on  the 
bluff  overlooking  Lake  Champlain,  south  of  the  village.  This  regi 
ment  (the  One  Hundred  and  Eighteenth)  was  commanded  by  Sam 
uel  T.  Richards,  an  experienced  militia  officer  and  excellent  dis 
ciplinarian,  who  had  already  begun  the  erection  of  additional  quar- 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  101 

ters  near  the  barracks.  The  next  day  I  was  at  Salem,  Washington 
county,  where  the  One  Hundred  and  Twenty-third  Regiment  was 
organizing  under  the  command  of  Archibald  L.  McDougall,  a  young 
lawyer  of  Salem,  and  who  died  June  23,  1864,  of  wounds  received  in 
action  near  Dallas,  Ga.  Lieutenant-Colonel  Franklin  Norton  of 
this  regiment  was  killed  at  the  battle  of  Chancellorsville,  Va. 

At  Troy,  the  next  day,  I  found  a  large  collection  of  recruits  in 
a  camp  on  the  banks  of  the  Hudson  north  of  the  city.  The  adjutant 
and  quartermaster,  overburdened  by  their  regular  duties,  could  give 
no  attention  to  the  discipline,  and  everything  was  in  a  disorganized 
state.  Hon.  John  A.  Griswold,  a  wealthy  and  prominent  citizen 
of  Troy,  was  the  titular  commander  until  relieved  by  Captain  George 
L.  Willard,  Eighth  Regiment  Infantry,  United  States  Army.  I 
learned  that  the  district  committee  was  in  session  in  the  city  hall, 
whither  I  repaired  and  made  a  most  vigorous  protest  against  the 
condition  of  the  camp,  threatening  to  advise  the  transfer  of  recruits 
to  Albany.  Being  told  that  Mr.  Griswold  could  not  take  active 
command  at  the  camp,  I  induced  the  selection  of  Colonel  Levi  Cran- 
dell,  an  old  militia  officer,  and  who  became  lieutenant-colonel  of 
the  regiment  (the  One  Hundred  arid  Twenty-fifth).  Colonel  Wil 
lard  was  killed  at  Gettysburg,  and  Major  Aaron  B.  Myer  died  of 
wounds  received  in  the  Wilderness.  I  mention  the  names  of  the 
field  officers  of  these  regiments  that  were  killed  in  battle  to  show 
the  great  mortality  on  that  account. 

On  the  8th  I  went  to  Schenectady  to  see  if  Prof.  Elias  Peissner, 
of  Union  College,  could  be  selected  as  commander  of  the  regiment 
in  that  district,  but  learned  that  he  had  accepted  the  command  of 
a  regiment  organizing  in  New  York,  and  which  became  the  One 
Hundred  and  Nineteenth.  Colonel  Peissner  was  killed  at  the  bat 
tle  of  Chancellorsville,  Va.  The  regiment  in  this  district  was  the 


102  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

One  Hundred  and  Thirty-fourth,  with  camp  at  Schoharie,  which 
I  visited  on  the  Qth  and  found  some  progress  made.  The  tem 
porary  commander  was  Brigadier-General  George  E.  Danforth,  of 
the  National  Guard,  but  the  colonel  was  Captain  Charles  R.  Coster, 
first  lieutenant  Twelfth  Infantry,  United  States  Army,  who  had 
not  yet  reported  for  duty.  From  the  Qth  to  the  nth  I  was  engaged 
in  cleaning  up  my  office  work  at  Albany. 

The  reports  from  all  parts  of  the  State  were  of  a  most  encourag 
ing  character,  and  the  regiment  (One  Hundred  and  Seventh)  at 
Elmira  was  about  complete  and  several  others  were  nearly  so.  Gov 
ernor  Morgan  was  absolutely  indefatigable.  He  had  a  vigorous 
physical  constitution  that  enabled  him  to  work  sixteen  hours  a  day 
in  these  momentous  days,  and  everyone  else  responded,  though 
some  of  them  at  the  risk  of  health  and  life.  Adjutant-General  Hill- 
house  had  a  great  capacity  for  work  and  had  an  excellent  staff  of 
clerks.  The  correspondence  and  personal  conferences  conducted 
in  this  office  at  this  time  were  very  large.  Quartermaster-General 
Arthur  exhibited  great  executive  ability,  though  embarrassed  by 
the  failure  of  the  United  States  officers  to  fill  his  requisitions.  In 
fact,  the  unexpectedly  rapid  progress  of  enlistment  astounded  every 
one.*  On  August  nth  I  went  to  New  York  to  confer  with  Gen 
eral  Arthur  about  supplies  for  the  One  Hundred  and  Thirteenth, 
One  Hundred  and  Fifteenth,  One  Hundred  and  Twentieth  and  One 
Hundred  and  Twenty-first  regiments  in  my  district,  all  of  which 
were  rapidly  approaching  completion.  I  also  submitted  plans  of 

*  On  August  9th  was  published  the  order  of  the  President,  dated  on  the 
4th,  for  a  draft  of  300,000  militia  to  be  called  into  immediate  service  for  nine 
months,  the  maximum  term  under  the  act  of  July  17,  1862.  General  Orders 
No.  99  of  the  War  Department  provided  that  the  draft  should  be  conducted 
under  orders  of  the  Governors  of  the  several  States.  The  imminent  pros 
pect  of  a  draft  greatly  stimulated  the  endeavors  of  the  several  localities  to  fill 
their  respective  quotas.  An  account  of  the  enrollment  and  the  reasons  for 
abandoning  the  draft  will  be  given  later. 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  103 

temporary  barracks  that  I  had  recommended  at  the  several  camps, 
of  light  and  rough  construction,  sided  and  roofed  with  inch  hem 
lock  boards  and  constructed  by  the  recruits,  among  whom  there 
were  artisans  of  every  kind.  Separate  buildings  96  feet  long  by 
20  feet  wide,  13  feet  high  on  the  sides  and  19  1-2  feet  high  at 
the  roof  peak,  were  of  the  most  convenient  size,  enabling  the  use 
of  13-foot  boards  without  cutting,  except  for  large  doors  and  gable 
windows  at  the  ends.  Four  rows  of  bunks,  each  three  tiers  high, 
extended  the  full  length,  and  afforded  accommodation  in  each  build 
ing  for  1 80  men.  The  sides  were  not  battened,  but  spaces  werfe 
left  between  the  boards,  affording  sufficient  ventilation,  though  the 
later  regiments  complained  of  this  free  admission  of  air  in  the 
cooler  weather.  The  contractors  for  subsistence  usually  built  in 
the  same  manner  the  mess  rooms  and  kitchens,  while  the  officers 
were  generally  provided  with  wall  tents.  Of  course  these  struc 
tures  were  flimsy  and  unsubstantial,  but  they  subserved  their  pur 
pose  at  a  very  trifling  cost,  since  the  lumber  had  a  certain  value 
after  this  temporary  use. 

On  the  I2th  I  inspected  the  camp  at  Goshen,  where  five  barracks 
such  as  I  have  described  were  completed,  but  the  messroom  and 
kitchens  not  being  yet  done  the  recruits  were  being  boarded  about 
town  at  a  cost  of  about  thirty-five  cents  each  per  day.  Colonel 
Ellis,  of  this  regiment  (One  Hundred  and  Twenty-fourth),  and 
Major  Cromwell  were  killed  at  Gettysburg.  I  went  the  next  day 
to  Sing  Sing,  where  I  found  very  little  progress  made  and  a  gen 
eral  opinion  that  the  camp  should  be  located  at  Yonkers,  which  I 
telegraphed  to  Governor  Morgan,  and  received  permission  to  so 
change  the  camp.  This  change,  however,  delayed  the  completion 
of  the  regiment,  which  otherwise  would  have  been  one  of  the  very 
first  mustered  in.  It  was  organized  as  the  One  Hundred  and 


IO4  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

Thirty-fifth  Infantry,  and  subsequently  became  the  Sixth  Artillery. 
The  colonel  was  Captain  William  H.  Morris,*  assistant  adjutant- 
general,  United  States  Volunteers.  The  lieutenant-colonel,  J.  How 
ard  Kitching,  who  succeeded  to  the  command  of  the  regiment,  died 
January  10,  1865,  from  wounds  received  in  action.  At  Kingston, 
the  next  day  (August  I4th),  I  found  great  progress  had  been  made; 
444  men  mustered  and  400  more  reported  as  enlisted;  but  the  quarters 
were  inadequate,  and  as  none  of  the  men  were  uniformed  there  were 
more  of  them  loafing  about  the  village  than  there  were  in  camp, 
where  they  appeared  merely  as  a  mob.  Adjutant  Tuthill  was  so 
absorbed  in  his  routine  work  that  he  could  give  no  attention  to 
other  matters,  and  Colonel  Sharpe  was  engaged  in  a  personal  can 
vass  of  his  district  to  urge  enlistments,  and  so  could  not  attend 
to  the  discipline  in  camp.  Captain  S.  S.  Westbrook  had  completed 
his  company  and  been  mustered  into  the  United  States  service,  and 

*  General  William  H.  Morris  was  born  in  Fordham,  Westchester  county, 
N.  Y.  Graduated  from  West  Point  in  the  class  of  1851.  He  was  assigned 
to  the  Second  Infantry,  but  resigned  in  1854  to  become  assistant  editor  of  the 
New  York  Home  Journal,  where  he  was  found  at  the  outbreak  of  hostilities. 
He  served  in  the  defenses  of  Washington  as  captain  and  assistant  adjutant- 
general  from  August  20,  1861,  to  March,  1862.  In  the  Peninsula  campaign 
he  acted  on  the  staff  of  General  J.  J.  Peck  and  took  part  in  the  siege  of 
Yorktown  and  the  battles  of  Williamsburg  and  Fair  Oaks.  He  was  ap 
pointed  colonel  of  the  One  Hundred  and  Thirty-fifth  New  York  Volunteers, 
which  later  became  the  Sixth  Heavy  Artillery.  As  brigadier-general  he  was 
in  command  at  Harpers  Ferry  and  Maryland  Heights  from  December,  1862, 
to  June,  1863;  in  reserve  at  the  battle  of  Gettysburg;  engaged  at  Wapping 
Heights  July  23,  1863;  in  the  Rapidan  campaign;  in  the  action  of  Locust 
Grove,  Va.,  November  29,  1863;  in  the  Richmond  campaign,  Army  of  the 
Potomac;  the  battle  of  the  Wilderness  May  5,  1864;  battle  of  Spottsyl- 
vania  May  9,  1864,  where  he  was  severely  wounded.  He  was  mustered  out 
of  service  August  24,  1864.  Was  brevetted  major-general  March  13,  1865, 
for  gallant  services  in  the  battle  of  the  Wilderness.  He  is  the  inventor  of 
the  conical  repeating  carbine  and  automatic  ejecting  revolver.  He  was  the 
author  of  a  system  of  infantry  tactics.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Constitu 
tional  Convention  of  the  State  of  New  York  in  1867,  chief  of  ordnance  of 
the  State  of  New  York  January  i  to  October  26,  1870,  and  inspector-general 
January  i,  1873,  to  December  31,  1874. 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  105 

upon  my  suggestion  was  made  acting  commandant  of  the  camp, 
where  he  soon  assembled  the  recruits,  who,  though  as  yet  deprived 
of  their  equipment,  were  well  sheltered  and  fed.  Indeed  the  sub 
sistence  furnished  this  levy  was  of  an  excellent  quality,  and  the 
contractors  seemed  to  have  imbibed  the  patriotic  fervor  of  the  hour. 
In  some  cases  the  rations  were  enriched  by  extra  articles  furnished 
by  the  district  committees.  I  recall  butter  as  so  furnished  at  Hud 
son,  and  other  "  camp  luxuries  "  at  other  places.  At  Hudson  I 
found  the  camp  on  the  agricultural  fair  grounds,  and  some  need 
lessly  extravagant  barracks  being  built,  though  I  arrived  in  time 
to  change  the  plans  of  three  of  them.  Colonel  Cowles,  of  this  regi 
ment  (One  Hundred  and  Twenty-eighth),  was  killed  in  action  at 
Port  Hudson.  I  then  inspected  the  camps  at  Fonda  and  Mohawk, 
both  placed  upon  sightly  hills  with  excellent  drainage,  but  far  from 
any  water  supply.  At  both  places  the  buildings  were  completed 
and  a  change  of  location  unadvisable.  These  camps  were  fortunate 
in  the  contractor  for  rations,  Mr.  John  H.  Starin,  who  has  since 
become  a  very  wealthy  and  prominent  citizen  of  our  State,  but 
none  of  whose  business  concerns  can  have  been  more  creditable 
than  were  these  contracts  to  feed  our  recruits,  in  which  he  exhibited 
his  great  business  sagacity  and  enterprise,  supplemented  by  patriotic 
ardor.  He  supplied  at  his  own  expense  water-works,  whereby  both 
these  camps  had  an  abundance  of  pure  water.  The  regiment  at 
Fonda  (One  Hundred  and  Fifteenth)  was  commanded  by  Colonel 
Simeon  Sammons,  Mr.  Starin's  uncle,  and  that  at  Mohawk  (One 
Hundred  and  Twenty-first)  by  Colonel  Richard  Franchot.  The 
latter,  who  was  then  a  member  of  Congress,  had  accepted  the  com 
mand  as  locum-tenens  for  Lieutenant  Emory  Upton,  of  the  Fourth 
Regiment  Artillery,  United  States  Army.  On  the  i8th  I  was  en 
gaged  all  day  in  making  the  final  provision  of  supplies  for  the  One 


io6  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

Hundred  and  Thirteenth  Regiment  at  Albany,  which  the  next  day 
was  fully  mustered,  all  bounties  and  advance  wages  paid,  and  on 
that  evening  (iQth)  started  for  Washington,  being  the  first  regi 
ment  going  forward  from  my  grand  district. 

On  the  morning  of  the  iQth  I  was  at  Plattsburgh,  where  every 
thing  was  in  fine  condition,  and  at  the  evening  parade  about  650 
men  of  the  One  Hundred  and  Eighteenth  Regiment  were  in  line, 
exhibiting  a  state  of  discipline  and  training  quite  honorable  to 
Colonel  Richards  and  Adjutant  Charles  E.  Pruyn,  the  latter  of 
whom,  subsequently  promoted  to  the  majority,  was  killed  in  action 
before  Petersburg  in  June,  1864.  I  found  several  deserters  in  arrest, 
as  also  one  Antoine  Bouchard  for  assisting  desertion.  The  prox 
imity  of  the  Canadian  border  at  this  point,  readily  accessible  by 
Lake  Champlain,  made  this  one  of  the  principal  points  for  the  exit 
to  Canada  of  both  deserters  and  copperheads.  Mr.  Ladue,  the 
sheriff  of  Clinton  county,  and  his  deputies  were  kept  constantly 
engaged  in  guarding  against  these  desertions. 

Military  matters  in  Virginia  were  now  more  urgent  and  impor 
tant  than  ever.  General  Pope  was  now  in  command  of  our  main 
army,  but  the  rebels,  encouraged  by  McClellan's  unsuccessful  cam 
paign,  were  threatening  Washington.  On  August  pth  our  Gen 
eral  Banks  had  been  defeated  at  Cedar  Mountain  by  "  Stonewall " 
Jackson,  and  there  were  indications  of  an  advance  in  force  upon 
the  capital.  The  demand  for  reinforcements  were  almost  daily,  and 
Governor  Morgan  was  straining  every  nerve  to  meet  them.  On 
the  2oth  I  received  an  order  from  him  to  send  daily  at  8  p.  m.  a 
brief  report  of  every  matter  of  importance  connected  with  the 
regiment  I  had  inspected,  particularly  the  date  when  ready  to 
move,  and  my  "  proposed  destination  for  the  next  ensuing  day." 
From  Plattsburgh  I  went  to  Salem,  where  I  found  the  regiment 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  107 

two-thirds  full  and  in  good  condition.  I  took  tea  with  Colonel 
McDougall  and  his  wife  at  their  pleasant  home,  where  in  less  than 
two  years  she  became  one  of  the  thousands  of  widows  whose  mourn 
ing  pervaded  the  land.  I  recall  her  gentle  melancholy  that  even 
ing  as  if  dark  forebodings  assailed  her  heart. 

The  next  day,  at  Troy,  I  found  the  One  Hundred  and  Twenty- 
fifth  Regiment  nearly  full,  and  from  there  again  to  Fonda,  where  the 
One  Hundred  and  Fifteenth  only  lacked  a  few  of  completion. 
Upon  reporting  in  person  to  the  Governor  on  the  23d,  he  said 
that  he  was  much  embarrassed  about  the  payment  of  so  many 
regiments  to  be  completed  almost  simultaneously;  that  Paymaster- 
General  George  Bliss  had  accepted  as  assistants  in  this  work  Col 
onel  Arden,  one  of  his  aides,  and  Mr.  Frederick  G.  Burnham.  But 
the  Governor  did  not  deem  this  aid  sufficient,  and  had  proposed 
that  I  should  also  make  these  payments.  Colonel  Bliss,  a  man  of 
remarkable  energy  and  activity,  ever  insistent  upon  the  control 
of  his  own  field  of  labor,  had  protested  against  my  detail,  saying 
he  would  not  be  responsible  for  me  under  his  bonds.  The  Gov 
ernor,  however,  did  detail  me,  being  himself  my  only  surety,  and 
I  subsequently  paid  the  bounty  to  twelve  regiments,  the  total  sum 
received  by  the  enlisted  men  in  these  being  $553,225  (to  11,065 
men).  I  will  add  here  that  Colonel  Bliss  was  soon  reconciled  to 
my  detail,  treated  me  with  kind  consideration  and  publicly  thanked 
me  for  my  assistance.  I  paid  regiments  at  Fonda,  Mohawk,  Syra 
cuse,  Buffalo,  Portage,  Jamestown,  Brooklyn,  Troy  and  Staten 
Island.  Thus  in  inspection  and  pay  duties  I  was  enabled  to  view 
the  progress  and  character  of  this  levy  in  all  parts  of  the  State. 
This  payment  of  bounty  was  the  most  severe  and  exacting  labor 
I  ever  performed;  everything  was  pressing  and  hasty;  daily  tele 
grams  to  the  Governor  from  the  President  or  Secretary  Stanton 


io8  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

urged  the  need  of  prompt  reinforcements,  and  the  Governor,  in 
turn,  furiously  spurred  all  his  subordinates  to  incessant  activity. 
The  regiments  were  mustered  into  the  United  States  service  on  the 
day  before  or  often  on  the  very  day  of  payment,  and  the  muster-rolls 
were  in  many  cases  very  confusing  and  misleading,  particularly 
where  there  had  been  a  cotemporaneous  equalization  of  companies, 
so  that  the  officers  and  the  men  themselves  were  uncertain  where 
they  belonged.  At  the  same  time  the  State  bounty  was  being 
paid  the  United  States  paymaster  was  paying  the  advance 
of  United  States  bounty  and  the  month's  pay,  and  the  allotment 
commissioners  were  procuring  the  allotments  of  pay.  There  was 
the  further  difficulty  that  a  part  of  the  men  had  received  a  moiety 
of  the  State  bounty  and  another  part  had  not,  and  as  the  regiment 
was  under  orders  to  march  the  very  next  day  after  the  payment, 
there  was  no  chance  for  the  correction  of  any  errors.  I  was  totally 
unversed  in  the  counting  of  money,  and  these  separate  sums,  a 
thousand  for  each  regiment,  had  to  be  counted,  not  behind  a  quiet, 
safe,  bank  counter,  but  in  the  open  air,  amid  a  hundred  distrac 
tions,  with  a  rough  packing  case  for  a  table,  and  sometimes  in 
a  breeze  that  threatened  to  disperse  money  and  pay-rolls  in  a 
most  irregular  manner.  Our  money  was  in  the  then  novel  form 
of  "  greenbacks "  or  Treasury  notes,*  fresh  from  the  printing 
press,  and  the  soft,  green  pigment  constantly  coated  my  ringers 
so  that  I  had  to  have  a  basin  of  water  beside  me  in  which  to  wash 
them  at  frequent  intervals. 

*  These  "  greenbacks  "  were  an  interesting  novelty  at  every  camp  where  I 
had  disbursed  them.  It  may  be  appropriate  to  say  here  that  the  National 
Bank  system  inaugurated  by  Secretary  Chase  was  practically  the  same  as 
the  Free  Bank  system  in  operation  in  New  York  State  since  1842 — at  least 
in  the  basic  method  of  securing  the  notes  issued  for  circulation.  The  system 
had  been  imperfectly  imitated  in  other  States,  but  in  New  York  the  security 
exacted  was  as  stable  as  that  on  which  the  National  Bank  notes  rest. 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  109 

My  first  payment  was  that  of  the  One  Hundred  and  Fifteenth 
Regiment,  at  Fonda,  on  August  27th,  where  there  had  been  a  hur 
ried  equalization  of  companies  the  night  before  and  a  recast  of  the 
muster  and  pay  rolls  by  Adjutant  Horton,  a  most  worthy  man,  but 
of  a  nervous  temperament  and  lack  of  strict  business  training  that 
seriously  disqualified  him  for  his  office,  and  his  rolls  were  in  such 
a  confused  state  that  the  United  States  mustering  officer,  the 
United  States  paymaster,  Major  Paulding,  and  I  were  all  day 
engaged  in  endeavors  to  properly  decipher  them.  I  found  another 
morbidly  nervous  adjutant  when  I  paid  the  One  Hundred  and 
Thirtieth  Regiment,  at  Portage,  on  September  ist,  and  what  an 
anxious  day  that  was.  The  downpour  of  rain  was  copious  and 
constant,  and  I  did  not  finish  my  task  until  near  midnight,  paying 
for  five  hours  at  the  broad  door  of  a  leaky  barrack,  by  the  light  of 
two  flaring  tallow  candles  stuck  in  beer  bottles.  A  relay  of  com 
pany  officers  tried  to  screen  the  flame  with  their  hands,  but  so 
ineffectually  that  we  were  occasionally  in  darkness,  except  for  the 
dim  rays  of  a  stable  lantern.  Poor  Cawee,  the  adjutant,  resigned 
a  month  later  and  shortly  after  ended  his  life  by  suicide. 

The  amount  of  work  performed  by  Colonel  Bliss  within  two 
months  was  a  remarkable  exhibition  of  physical  endurance,  and 
I  felt  myself  the  terrible  strain  of  the  daily  struggle  with  respon 
sibility  and  endeavor,  with  wakeful  nights  of  travel  and  prepara 
tion.  While  on  this  duty  I  met  Colonel  Bliss,  at  New  York,  on 
September  8th,  when  he  finally  succumbed  for  a  day  or  so  to  a 
severe  attack  of  diarrhea,  impatient  and  fretful  over  even  so  small 
a  delay. 

During  the  first  week  of  this  duty  I  was  so  engrossed  with  It 
that  I  did  not  read  a  newspaper,  and  so  was  unaware  of  what  was 
going  on  in  the  field,  and  I  recall  my  grief  and  depression,  on  reach- 


no  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

ing  Buffalo  on  the  morning  of  August  3ist,  to  learn  of  Pope's 
great  defeat  at  the  second  battle  of  Bull  Run — ill-fated  name.  I 
got  this  news  from  Mr.  Charles  Van  Benthuysen,  of  Albany,  who, 
with  his  wife,  was  at  the  same  hotel,  and  who,  being  a  red-hot 
copperhead,  though  usually  disguising  his  disloyal  sentiments  in  a 
politic  manner,,  could  not  conceal  his  glee  over  a  disaster  that  he 
said  proved  the  failure  of  the  war.  While  I  did  not  conceal  my 
disgust  at  his  sentiments  (our  fathers  had  been  business  partners 
many  years  before),  I  was  eager  to  get  the  papers  and  assure  myself 
of  the  situation,  and  blue  enough  it  looked.  There  probably  never 
was  a  darker  period  in  the  whole  war  than  after  this  last  of  General 
Pope's  failures,  and  this  darkness  was  made  more  distressing  by 
the  sneers  and  chuckling  of  the  copperheads  on  one  side  and  the 
"  I  told  you  so's "  of  McClellan's  partisans,  who  attributed  all 
our  misfortunes  to  the  displacement  of  their  favorite  and  hero. 
On  September  1st  occurred  the  battle  of  Chantilly,*  another  bloody 
contest,  and  the  last  one  under  General  Pope,  who,  the  next  day, 
relinquished  command  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac. 

On  August  3Oth  the  Governor,  by  proclamation,  announced  that 
he  believed  the  quota  of  the  State,  by  the  organization  of  new  regi 
ments  and  by  enlistment  of  recruits  for  those  in  the  field,  was 
about  filled,  therefore  the  State  bounty  for  the  former  would  cease 
after  September  5th,  but  be  continued  for  recruits  for  the  older 

*  In  this  battle  was  killed  General  "  Phil "  Kearny,  a  characteristic  "  beau 
sabreur."  I  saw  him  at  our  office  in  Albany  when  he  came  in  June,  1861,  to 
see  General  Patrick.  Both  had  served  in  the  Mexican  War,  where  Kearny 
lost  an  arm.  He  had  been  unable  to  get  a  suitable  command  from  the 
authorities  of  New  Jersey,  his  native  State,  and  had  come  to  see  if  he  could 
not  get  him  a  commission  from  New  York.  This  matter  was  not  decided, 
but  he  soon  after  was  appointed  by  the  President  a  brigadier-general  of 
volunteers.  I  can  recall  his  gallant  soldierly  bearing  and  his  empty  sleeve, 
that  in  the  early  days  of  our  military  tutelage  appealed  sharply  to  my 
sympathy. 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  in 

regiments.  Our  quota,  under  the  call  of  July  2,  1862,  was  59,700, 
and  as  active  recruiting  did  not  begin  until  July  i8th,  nearly  60,000 
men  had  been  enlisted  in  six  weeks;  a  remarkable  result.  Giving 
proper  credit  for  popular  patriotic  zeal,  and  for  the  extraordinary 
exertions  of  the  State  authorities,  there  is  no  doubt  they  were  aided 
in  this  vast  achievement  by  President  Lincoln's  order  on  August 
4th  for  a  draft  of  300,000  militia,  to  serve  nine  months,  to  be  made 
under  the  act  of  July  17,  1862. 

During  this  period  many  recruits  for  our  regiments  in  the  field 
had  been  forwarded.  The  conduct  of  the  General  Government 
regarding  the  recruiting  service  was  as  irregular  and  spasmodic  as 
its  disposition  regarding  the  raising  of  new  regiments.  General 
Orders  No.  105  of  the  War  Department,  issued  December  3,  1861, 
provided  a  detailed  system  for  recruiting,  and  Major  J.  T.  Sprague, 
First  Infantry,  was  appointed  general  superintendent  of  that  serv 
ice  for  our  State,  but  on  April  3,  1862,  this  service  was  abandoned 
and  the  officers  detailed  to  it  were  ordered  to  join  their  regiments. 
Two  months  later,  on  July  6th,  the  service  was  resumed.  Of  course 
such  desultory  efforts  were  not  productive  of  much  good;  indeed, 
the  long  delay  of  the  army  in  winter  quarters  before  Washington 
repressing  recruiting  as  being  needless,  and  the  subsequent  disasters 
in  the  essay  "  On  to  Richmond  "  were  even  more  discouraging.  I 
recall  protests  against  the  publication  in  the  newspapers  of  the  ter 
ribly  long  lists  of  killed,  wounded  and  missing  as  seriously  imped 
ing  efforts  to  reinforce  the  army,  as  if  the  repression  of  such  facts 
would  not  have  bred  imaginary  horrors  a  hundred  fold  more  vivid. 
Pope's  later  campaign  had  produced  many  such  lists  of  losses.  At 
the  second  battle  of  Bull  Run  fifty-two  commissioned  officers  of 
New  York  regiments  were  killed  in  action,  and  by  this  can  be  judged 
the  further  number  who  died  of  wounds  and  of  the  losses  in  the 
ranks. 


ii2  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

During  August  and  September  there  were  reports  of  reverses  in 
Kentucky,  and  on  September  2d  General  McClellan  was  made  gen 
eral  commanding  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  vice  Pope.  On  Sep 
tember  8th,  General  Lee  having  crossed  the  Potomac  at  the  fords 
near  Leesburg  and  encamped  at  Frederick,  issued  an  appeal 
ing  address  to  the  people  of  Maryland,  who,  during  the  whole  war, 
were  presumed  by  both  sides  as  friendly.  It  was  the  first  invasion, 
in  force,  of  the  loyal  States,  and  we  beheld  with  alarm  a  great 
army  forty  miles  north  of  Washington,  and  we  had  to  oppose  it 
an  army  that  had  suffered  fearfully  from  overconfidence  and 
poor  strategy,  but  by  its  unhappy  vicissitudes  converted  into  an 
army  of  stalwart  veterans  inured  to  but  undismayed  by  defeat. 

On  September  I4th  was  fought  the  battle  of  South  Mountain,  and 
on  the  1 7th  that  of  Antietam,  both  severe  engagements,  and  substan 
tially  drawn  battles,  though  after  the  latter  Lee  was  able  to  recross 
the  Potomac  practically  without  molestation.  In  these  battles  fifty- 
seven  New  York  regiments  were  engaged,  two  of  which,  the  One 
Hundred  and  Seventh  and  One  Hundred  and  Eighth  Infantry  of 
our  third  levy,  had  left  the  State  only  a  month  previously,  and  at 
Antietam  received  their  "  baptism  of  fire."  Our  regiments  lost  more 
than  seventy  commissioned  officers  killed  on  the  field.  These  new 
lists  of  casualties  again  filled  the  land  with  mourning,  while  the 
facile  return  of  the  enemy  to  the  south  bank  of  the  Potomac  was 
discouraging.  It  did  seem  as, if  thousands  of  lives  were  being  sac 
rificed  without  any  permanent  advantage,  though  this  may  also  have 
been  the  dismal  conclusion  of  the  Confederates  after  their  repulse 
in  Maryland.*  It  was  a  strange  coincidence  that  their  President, 
Davis,  had  by  proclamation  named  the  i8th  day  of  September  as 

*  The  failure  to  pursue  Lee  was  probably  attributable  to  the  exhaustion 
of  two  severe  battles  in  which  all  our  force  was  engaged,  leaving  no  fresh 
reserves  to  follow  up  success. 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  113 

a  day  of  prayer,  inviting  the  people  of  the  Confederate  States  to 
assemble  for  worship  and  to  render  thanks  for  the  triumphs  over 
our  armies  at  Chantilly,  Manassas,  etc.,  and  that  on  that  very  day 
Lee's  broken  columns  should  be  on  their  retreat  southward. 

*We  had  in  August  and  September  several  alarms  that  the  Con 
federate  iron-clad  Merrimac  No.  2  was  about  to  sally  out  from 
the  James  river  and  devastate  our  seaboard  cities.  Portentous 
descriptions  of  the  invulnerability  and  powerful  armament  of  this 
vessel  were  received  through  Southern  channels,  but  she  failed  to 
appear.  Incidentally,  may  be  mentioned  here,  the  vast  mass  of 
rumors,  originating  in  fervid  imaginations,  or  concocted  with  pur 
poses  more  or  less  malign,  that  vexed  us  during  the  whole  war. 
Some  of  these  frauds  were  punished,  notably  an  impudent  one 
hatched  by  a  New  York  newspaper  man  who  had  a  chance  to  cool 
his  heated  fancies  in  the  casemates  of  Fort  Lafayette.  The  public 
mind  was  so  occupied  by  the  facts  and  fallacies  concerning  the 
details  of  the  war  that  it  now  seems  astonishing  that  any  attention 
could  be  given  to  other  matters.  In  those  far-off  days  we  first 
became  accustomed  to  the  cry  of  "Extra!  Extra!!"  often  startling 
us  in  the  midnight  and  suggestive  of  slaughter  and  bereavements.f 

*  During  the  period  when  paying  bounty  to  regiments  near  New  York, 
I  found  General  Arthur  overwhelmed  by  the  amount  and  multiplicity  of 
duties  devolving  upon  him,  and  such  time  as  my  own  duties  as  paymaster 
did  not  exact  I  aided  him,  since  there  was  no  officer  of  sufficient  rank  in 
his  office  to  transact  important  business.  I  had  been  his  assistant  when 
inspector-general  and  we  were  college  mates,  and  I  know  he  had  confidence 
in  my  fidelity  and  capacity.  The  result  was  that  he  induced  the  Governor 
to  detail  me  to  assist  him,  particularly  in  transportation  matters,  and  from 
that  time — October  ist,  1862 — until  I  finally  left  the  State  military  service 
on  January  i,  1869,  my  official  headquarters  were  in  New  York  city. 

t  It  was  an  unknown  blessing  in  those  days  that  the  era  of  the  "  yellow 
journals  "  had  not  come.     Their  rumors  and  lies  during  the  recent  Spanish 
war  hatched  an  "  extra  "  every  half  hour,  and  even  more  often,  for  Wall 
Street  consumption. 
8 


H4  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

As  a  whole,  the  newspaper  correspondents  in  the  field  were  con 
scientious  and  careful  men,  and  such  erroneous  dispatches  as  were 
sent  were  attributable  to  the  confusion  and  distractions  incident  to 
battle,  only  a  small  part  of  which  any  single  observer  can  see,  and 
to  competitive  endeavors  to  give  their  papers  the  earliest  news 
before  it  could  be  verified.  We  gradually  became  inured  to  the 
possibly  untrustworthy  character  of  the  first  accounts  of  military 
events. 

On  September  22d  President  Lincoln  issued  his  ever-memorable 
proclamation  declaring  the  emancipation  on  January  I,  1863,  of  all 
slaves  in  the  States  then  in  rebellion.  This  famous  State  paper 
worked  powerful  influences  in  every  direction.  It  was  the  first 
authoritative  announcement  that  the  extinction  of  slavery  had 
become  the  objective  point  of  the  war  for  the  preservation  of  the 
Union,  since  the  limitation  of  emancipation  to  the  revolting  States 
could  not  prevent  as  its  logical  result  the  extinction  of  slavery 
throughout  the  restored  Union.  There  had  been  a  certain  lack  of 
courage  and  candor  on  this  point.  The  relation  of  slavery  to  seces 
sion,  kept  in  the  background  by  the  South,  had  not  been  acknowl 
edged  by  our  side  for  reasons  of  policy  that  in  part  were  specious 
only.  There  was  a  fear  of  disaffecting  the  border  slave  States  still 
loyal,  but  in  reality  the  effect  on  these  was  slight.  There  had  been 
a  reserved  idea  that  the  inviolability  of  slavery  would  be  a  bridge 
over  which  in  extremity  the  seceded  States  would  return,  but  this 
was  a  hopeful  fallacy.  The  proclamation  invigorated  the  North 
and  gave  to  our  friends  in  England  such  support  as  enabled  them 
to  enforce  the  continuance  of  a  neutrality  that  was  obnoxious  to 
the  ruling  classes  and  probably  to  a  majority  of  the  English  people. 
It  had  the  same  repressive  effect  in  France.  But  while  the  proc 
lamation  was  joyfully  received  by  the  great  mass  of  our  people,  it 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  115 

gave  precision  and  vigor  to  the  protestations  of  the  "  Copperhead 
element,"*  which  now  with  renewed  virulence  accused  the  admin 
istration  of  tyranny,  disregard  of  the  Constitution  and  subversion 
of  all  law  and  right. 

*  The  prominent  representative  of  this  element  at  Albany  was  Colonel 
Walter  S.  Church^  whose  audacity  and  skill  in  dialectics  and  caustic  invec 
tive  were  remarkably  exasperating.  While  we  were  all  enraged  by  the 
vaporings  of  the  Copperheads,  there  was  no  general  effort  to  prevent  their 
freedom  of  utterance.  Some  of  them  wore  as  a  badge  the  head  of  "Liberty/' 
made  by  filing  away  the  material  surrounding  that  effigy  on  the  large  copper 
cent  piece  of  that  day — a  "  copperhead  "  indeed  but  at  the  same  time  a 
reminder  of  the  privilege  of  perfect  liberty.  I  believe  that  the  injurious 
influence  of  this  class  of  citizens  was  not  so  much  an  encouragement  of 
the  rebellious  States  as  the  intimidation  of  our  own  government,  which 
magnified  the  numbers  of  the  Northern  protestants  and  their  influence  on 
public  sentiment. 


No.  4. 

THIRD  LEVY  (CONTINUED)- APRIL  J,  1862,  TO 
DECEMBER  I,  1862. 


THE  tenderness  of  the  "  secession  sympathizers  "  in  the  North 
for  the  institution  of  slavery  is  a  remarkable  instance  of  the 
insuperable  bigotry  of  political  partisanship..  They  inveighed 
against  the  edict  of  General  Butler  at  Fortress  Monroe  in  1861  that 
slaves  were  "  contraband  of  war  " ;  and  while  asserting  that  they 
were  property,  they  claimed  their  immunity  from  the  general  mili 
tary  liabilities  of  property.  Every  act  or  movement  in  the  war  that 
tended  to  weaken  the  institution  so  sacred  in  their  eyes  called  forth 
their  unmeasured  denunciations.  They  had  a  regular  bureau  for 
the  dissemination  of  pro-slavery  literature,  and  it  is  wonderful  in 
the  light  of  to-day  to  read  these  publications  deifying  and  conse 
crating  the  vile  monster  of  human  servitude  a  few  brief  months 
before  its  extinction.  And  the  most  sad  effect  of  this  propagandism 
of  the  degradation  of  the  negro  race  was  the  stimulation  of  the 
hatred  of  the  blacks  so  long  cultivated  in  the  benighted  minds  of  our 
foreign  population,  and  finding  expression  in  such  acts  of  vio 
lence  as  the  attack  of  an  infuriated  mob  upon  the  inoffensive 
colored  working  men  and  women  in  Brooklyn  on  August  4,  1862, 
and  to  the  frightful  atrocities  during  the  New  York  riot  in  July, 
1863.  I  think  that  the  loyal  men  of  those  days  still  living  can  for 
give  and  forget  the  Southern  rebels  and  give  them  fraternal  greet- 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  117 

ing,  for  their  education  (civil  and  religious),  self-interest,  in  fact 
every  condition  of  their  lives  might  find  an  excuse  for  their  revolt. 
But  the  copperhead  of  the  North  can  never  be  forgiven — he  sinned 
in  the  light,  in  a  light  after  April,  1861,  such  as  that  that  over 
came  Saul  on  the  roadside.* 

In  the  latter  part  of  September  there  was  a  remarkable  con 
vention  of  Governors  of  Northern  States  at  Altoona,  Pa.  Gov 
ernor  Morgan  had  declined  the  invitation  to  attend;  there  were 
present  the  Governors  of  Massachusetts,  Pennsylvania,  Ohio,  Wis 
consin,  Michigan,  Rhode  Island,  Virginia,  Illinois,  Iowa,  Indiana 
and  New  Hampshire.  The  motive  of  the  conference  was,  I  believe, 
to  impress  upon  the  President  the  necessity  of  a  more  vigorous 
policy;  the  apparent  failure  thus  far  to  suppress  the  rebellion  was 
the  alleged  cause  of  great  popular  dissatisfaction.  The  Governors 
went  from  Altoona  to  Washington  and  had  audience  with  the 
President,  but  nothing  practical  resulted  from  their  concerted  action. 
In  fact  the  issuance  of  the  Emancipation  Proclamation  a  day  or  so 
before  their  meeting  took  from  the  latter  any  importance  it  other 
wise  might  have  had.  Governor  Morgan  was  shrewd  or  fortunate 
in  being  able  to  decline  a  participation  in  this  meeting  because  of 
the  exigency  of  his  official  concerns. 

Before  October  I  (1862)  we  had  sent  into  the  field  forty-three 
infantry  regiments,  four  battalions  and  one  battery  of  artillery, 

*  The  headquarters  of  these  secession  sympathizers  in  New  York  city 
was  the  old  "  New  York  Hotel "  on  Broadway,  between  Washington  and 
Waverley  places,  which  was  demolished  about  1896.  This  hotel  had  been 
a  favorite  with  visitors  from  the  Slave  States.  Many  can  recall  the  groups 
who  lounged  about  the  hotel  entrance  in  the  war  times  and  whose  coun 
tenances  were  infallible  indices  of  the  varying  military  conditions;  if  these 
were  favorable  to  us  the  faces  were  glum  and  dejected,  but  if  we  had 
reverses  there  were  exulting  smiles  and  derisive  laughter  to  give  a  sharper 
flavor  to  our  discomfiture  as  we  passed  by. 


n8  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

being  a  total  of  43,350  officers  and  men,  and  leaving  in  camp  in 
the  incomplete  organizations  a  little  over  10,000  more,  which,  with 
the  14,305  recruits  sent  to  the  field,  much  more  than  filled  our  quota 
of  59,700  men  under  the  President's  call  of  July  2d  for  300,000 
volunteers  for  three  years. 

From  October  1st  there  was  a  perceptible  sag  in  the  enlistments. 
As  before  stated,  the  State  bounty  of  $50  for  enlistment  in  the  new 
regiments  ceased  on  September  5th,  and  by  a  subsequent  proclama 
tion  by  the  Governor,  the  same  bounty  for  recruits  for  regiments 
in  the  field  ceased  on  September  3Oth.  There  had  been  additional 
bounties  given  by  committees  and  town  and  county  officials,  but  the 
announcement  that  the  quota  of  three-years  men  was  filled  relaxed 
personal  and  local  interest,  though  a  similar  quota  of  nine-months 
militiamen  remained  to  be  furnished. 

Of  the  supreme  and  glorious  achievement  of  the  State  of  New 
York  in  July  and  August,  more  will  be  said  later,  and  the  subject 
of  the  contemplated  draft  will  be  considered  now. 

Our  experience  in  1861  had  not  been  altogether  favorable  as  to 
the  policy  of  a  continued  dependence  upon  volunteering  to  supply 
troops  should  the  war  be  greatly  prolonged.  After  the  first  burst 
of  enthusiasm  had  filled  our  thirty-eight  regiments  under  the  first 
levy,  the  progress  of  recruitment  was  very  slow,  the  most  potent 
influence  for  a  while  being  the  efforts  in  cities  and  counties  to 
enlist  full  regiments.  The  raising  of  the  second  levy  extending 
from  August  i,  1861,  to  March  31,  1862,  and  excluding  the  irregular 
regiments  raised  during  the  first  excitement,  but  remanded  to  State 
authority,  comprised  about  75,000  men,  whose  enlistment  extended 
over  a  period  of  eight  months.  Under  the  State  General  Orders  of 
November  26,  1861,  and  May  23,  1862,  not  a  single  regiment  was 
raised,  though  every  inducement  was  given  to  those  ambitious  of 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  119 

a  commission.  Adjutant-General  Hillhouse,  in  his  annual  report 
sent  to  the  Legislature  in  January,  1862,  recommended  the  adoption 
of  a  militia  system  similar  to  that  of  Germany,  based  upon  the 
liability  to  military  service  of  every  citizen  of  proper  age  and  con 
dition  of  body.  Obviously  such  a  system  could  not  be  immediately 
established  in  the  midst  of  a  great  war.  Judge-Advocate-General 
Anthon  recognizing  the  principle  of  compulsory  service,  tried  to 
apply  it  practically  and  equitably  in  the  militia  law  drafted  by  him 
and  enacted  April  25,  1862,  substantially  as  introduced.  This  pro 
vided  for  an  enrollment  of  all  citizens  between  the  ages  of  eighteen 
and  forty-five,  with  exemptions  for  physical  disability,  also  of  fire 
men  who  were  in  active  service  or  had  served  their  time  as  firemen, 
and  of  those  exempt  under  the  laws  of  the  United  States.  The 
active  force  of  the  militia  was  called  the  National  Guard,  and  com 
prised  eight  divisions  under  a  major-general  and  geographically 
coterminous  with  the  eight  grand  Judicial  Districts  of  the  State; 
thirty-two  brigades  corresponding  with  the  Senatorial  Districts 
and  one  hundred  and  twenty-eight  regiments  corresponding  with 
the  Assembly  Districts,  with  a  proper  contingent  of  cavalry  and 
artillery.  Where  regiments  were  not  formed  or  filled  by  volunteers 
from  the  body  of  the  militia,  they  were  to  be  filled  by  draft  from  the 
respective  districts.  The  entire  militia  thus  organized  and  with  a 
maximum  strength  of  over  130,000  officers  and  men,  exclusive  of 
cavalry  and  artillery,  could  be  ordered  into  the  United  States  ser 
vice  at  once,  in  whole  or  any  part  of  the  same,  and  provision  was 
made  for  an  organization  in  the  same  geographical  districts  of 
additional  regiments,  etc.,  until  the  supply  of  men  was  exhausted. 
The  enrollment  of  the  militia  under  this  law  was  ordered  on  June  3, 
1862,  and,  as  before  mentioned,  progressed  very  slowly  and 
irregular. 


120  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

The  act  of  Congress  of  July  17,  1862,  provided  that  the  Presi 
dent  might  call  forth  the  militia  of  the  States  for  a  period  of  nine 
months,  and  "  If  by  reason  of  defects  in  existing  laws,  or  in  the 
execution  of  them  in  the  several  States,  or  in  any  of  them,  it  shall 
be  found  necessary  to  provide  for  enrolling  the  militia  and  other 
wise  putting  this  act  into  execution,  the  President  is  authorized  in 
such  cases  to  make  all  necessary  rules  and  regulations;  and  the 
enrollment  of  the  militia  shall  in  all  cases  include  all  able-bodied 
male  citizens  between  the  ages  of  eighteen  and  forty-five,  and  shall 
be  apportioned  among  the  States  according  to  representative  popu 
lation."  This  sketchy  and  tentative  provision  was  the  first  step 
toward  the  assertion  of  the  absolute  military  supremacy  of  the 
United  States.  I  have  mentioned  (pages  33-34)  the  early  dis 
cussions  as  to  the  status  of  the  volunteer  forces  and  my  own  opinion 
that  they  were  a  part  of  the  militia  of  the  several  States.*  The 
military  power  granted  in  the  Constitution  to  the  United  States  is 
comprised  in  three  allowances  in  Section  8,  Article  I,  conferring 
power  on  Congress  "  to  provide  for  the  common  defence,"  "  to 
raise  and  support  armies  "  and  "  to  provide  for  calling  forth  the 
militia  to  execute  the  laws  of  the  Union,  suppress  insurrections  and 
repel  invasions."  It  was  held  by  those  favoring  the  provision  in 
the  act  of  July  17,  1862,  above  quoted,  that  the  constitutional  grant 
of  power  to  provide  for  the  general  defence  and  to  raise  and  support 
armies  was  so  large  and  definite  as  to  be  practically  unqualified. 
But  it  must  be  considered  in  connection  with  the  third  power  "  to 

*  Some  of  the  Constitutional  points  raised  regarding  the  military  powers 
granted  to  the  General  Government  and  the  reservation  to  the  States  of 
certain  powers  regarding  the  militia  have  been  previously  touched  upon, 
but  it  seems  expedient  to  repeat  them  in  discussing  the  culmination  of  the 
gradual  extinction  of  most  of  these  reserved  powers  arising  from  the 
supreme  exigencies  of  the  nation. 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  121 

call  forth  the  militia  "  upon  which  dependence  is  to  be  placed  in 
the  supreme  emergencies  of  insurrection  or  invasion.  It  is  obvious 
that  the  framers  of  the  Constitution  were  apprehensive  of  too  great 
military  power  in  the  general  government;  their  reading  of  history 
convinced  them  that  the  greatest  danger  encountered  by  a  republic 
was  that  of  conversion  into  a  military  dictatorship;  in  this  as  in 
many  other  directions  their  indisposition  to  concentrate  power  led 
them  into  undue  conservatism.  That  the  supreme  defence  of  the 
Union  was  made  dependent  upon  the  militia  is  further  shown  by 
the  grant  of  power  to  Congress  to  provide  for  the  organization, 
arming  and  discipline  of  the  militia,  so  that  if  drawn  from  different 
States  and  incorporated  in  one  army  there  should  be  uniformity  in 
these  important  conditions,  and  the  President  is  made  commander- 
in-chief  of  the  militia  when  in  the  service  of  the  United  States. 
Among  the  ten  declaratory  amendments  to  the  Constitution  pro 
posed  in  the  first  Congress  and  subsequently  ratified  by  the  States 
was  this,  "A  well  regulated  militia  being  necessary  to  the  security 
of  a  free  State,  the  right  of  the  people  to  keep  and  bear  arms  shall 
not  be  infringed."  In  all  these  provisions  the  militia  is  assumed  to 
be  an  institution  of  the  States,  and  is  so  recognized  in  their  several 
Constitutions  and  laws.  The  law  of  1862  was,  therefore,  one  of 
those  radical  departures  from  precedent  deemed  necessary  for  the 
preservation  of  the  Union,  and  as  subsequently  expanded  and 
enforced  in  the  law  of  March  3,  1863,  was  vituperously  denounced 
by  those  who  claimed  that  there  should  be  a  strict  adherence  to 
the  letter  of  the  Constitution,  even  if  it  involved  its  destruction,  and 
out  of  this  denunciation  sprang  the  hideous  New  York  riots  of  July, 


Upon  August  9,  1862,  at  "  3  p.  m."  were  issued  from  the  War 
Department  "  General  Orders,  No.  99,"  giving  detailed  directions 


122  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

for  the  enrollment  of  the  militia  in  the  several  States,  and  for  a 
draft  in  each  State  of  its  quota  of  300,000  militiamen  for  nine 
months,  and  of  any  additional  number  required  to  make  up  the 
deficiency  in  the  quota  of  300,000  three-years  volunteers  under 
the  President's  call  of  July  2d.  "  The  Governors  of  the  respective 
States  will  proceed  forthzvith  to  furnish  their  respective  quotas  of 
the  300,000  militia  called  by  the  order  of  the  President."  There  is 
a  peremptory  flavor  in  this  "  will  proceed  forthwith  "  until  then 
unprecedented  in  communications  to  Governors  of  States  from  a 
Federal  source.  It  denotes  the  superlative  urgency  of  the  situation 
and  the  need  to  exercise  every  power,  assured  or  doubtful,  in  order 
to  sustain  the  Union.  There  is  in  the  austere  tone  a  reflection  of 
Secretary  Stanton's  rigor,  rather  than  of  President  Lincoln's  mild 
inflexibility.  The  orders  continue  this  tone,  "The  Governors  of 
the  respective  States  will  cause  an  enrollment  to  be  made  forthwith 
by  the  assessors  of  the  several  counties  or  by  any  other  officers  to 
be  appointed  by  such  Governors,  of  all  able-bodied  men  between 
the  ages  of  eighteen  and  forty-five  within  the  respective  counties," 
and  full  details  are  given  as  to  the  methods  of  enrollment,  the 
classes  of  persons  exempt  and  the  procedure  in  making  the  draft. 

The  enrollment  under  the  State  law  was  at  this  time  partially 
completed,  but  it  was  evident  that  the  draft  could  not  be  based 
upon  it,  since  the  State  law  provided  for  the  filling  of  the  one 
hundred  and  twenty-eight  district  regiments,  and  no  credit  was 
allowed  for  men  already  furnished,  the  proportions  of  whom  to  the 
population  were  very  unequal  in  the  several  districts.  State  General 
Orders  were  accordingly  issued  on  August  I3th  giving  the  text 
of  the  War  Department  orders  *'  and  further  providing  for  putting 

*  The  quota  of  each  county  for  total  State  draft  of  60,000  proportioned 
upon  the  basis  of  the  census  of  1860. 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  123 

them  in  effect.  General  Anthon  had  general  charge  of  the  enroll 
ment  in  New  York  and  Kings  counties,  and  Colonel  Campbell, 
assistant  adjutant-general,  supervised  it  in  the  remainder  of  the 
State,  and  the  enrollment  was  completed  and  the  lists  filed  on 
October  I4th.  The  imminent  prospect  of  a  draft  caused  great 
excitement  throughout  the  State,  and  large  numbers  attempted  to 
avoid  the  risk  of  conscription  by  fleeing  to  Europe  or  Canada.  So 
early  as  August  8th  Secretary  Seward  gave  notice  that  no  passports 
would  be  issued  by  the  State  Department  to  persons  liable  to  a 
draft  before  the  quotas  were  filled,  and  a  strict  surveillance  was 
kept  upon  all  out-going  steamers  to  prevent  the  exodus  of  such  as 
were  liable.  A  similar  guard  was  kept  upon  all  routes  to  the 
Canadian  frontier.  Indeed,  I  recall  the  examination  of  all  passen 
gers  on  a  train  going  west  from  Buffalo  on  September  3d.  Soon 
after  leaving  the  city  a  deputy  provost-marshal  went  through  each 
car  and  questioned  every  man  whose  apparent  age  indicated  him  as 
a  probable  conscript.  It  was  a  sharp  reminder  of  the  old  adage 
"  inter  arma  leges  silent"  At  this  time  the  expressive  word 
"  skedaddle  "  was  adopted  into  the  vernacular,  to  denote  flight  from 
the  draft  and  the  opprobrious  epithet  "  skedaddler  "  was  added  to 
that  of  "  copperhead  "  in  the  daily  commination  of  all  patriotic 
citizens.  Of  course  the  tender  consciences  of  those  who  at  this 
time  constituted  themselves  the  special  guardians  of  the  Constitu 
tion,  "  ruat  ccelum,"  were  horrified  by  this  new  act  of  despotism. 

The  enrollment  was  to  be  made  under  the  personal  charge  of  the 
assessors  and  supervisors  in  each  county,  aided  in  the  cities  by  the 
aldermen,  and  the  lists  were  to  be  filed  with  the  sheriffs.  On 
October  2d  it  was  announced  by  General  Orders  that  as  the  quota 
under  the  call  of  July  2d  for  three-years  volunteers  had  been  filled 
with  an  excess  of  twenty  thousand  men  to  apply  on  the  quota  of 


124  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

August  4th,  volunteers  for  nine  months  would  be  accepted  to  com 
plete  such  quota  until  the  final  orders  for  the  draft.  These  orders 
were  issued  on  October  I4th  thus,  "  The  enrollment  of  the  militia 
of  the  State  being  now  nearly  completed,  a  draft  from  the  popu 
lation  liable  to  bear  arms  will  be  made  on  the  tenth  day  of  November 
next,  equal  in  the  aggregate  to  the  number  of  men  required  on  that 
day  to  complete  the  quota  of  one  hundred  and  twenty  thousand 
apportioned  to  this  State."*  The  draft  was  to  be  made  under  the 
supervision  of  General  Anthon,  aided  by  commissioners  and  sur 
geons,  one  for  each  county  except  New  York  and  Queens,  for 
which  there  were  respectively  twenty  and  fifteen  of  both  officers, 
the  selection  in  all  cases  being  made  from  men  of  the  highest 
reputation.  Regulations  were  prescribed  for  the  assemblage,  sub 
sistence  and  transportation  of  the  men  from  the  county  seat  to  the 
camps,  and  there  was  a  republication  of  General  Orders  of  the  War 
Department  of  August  29th,  relative  to  supplies  for  the  drafted 
men.  One  extract  from  these  orders  illustrates  the  needs  of  those 
trying  days,  "As  the  sudden  call  for  volunteers  and  militia  has 
exhausted  the  supply  of  blankets  fit  for  military  purposes  in  the 
market,  and  it  will  take  some  time  to  procure  by  manufacture  or 
importation  a  sufficient  supply,  all  citizens  who  volunteer  or  are 
drafted,  are  advised  to  take  with  them  to  the  rendezvous,  if  possi 
ble,  a  good,  stout  woolen  blanket.  The  regulation  military  blanket 
is  86  x  66  inches  and  weighs  five  pounds."  To  be  forced  into  the 
cruel  war,  and  invited  to  bring  the  blanket  off  your  bed,  too,  seemed 

*  It  is  apparent  that  the  differences  of  period  of  enlistment  were  not  yet 
taken  into  account  and  a  recruit  for  nine  months  counted  for  as  much  as 
one  for  three  years.  Within  a  month  or  so  later  the  principle  that  one 
"  three-years  man  "  should  be  equivalent  to  four  "  nine-months  men,"  and 
that  all  periods  of  enlistment  should  have  their  proper  relative  value  was 
established  and  obtained  to  the  end  of  the  war. 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  125 

to  the  captions  like  a  mockery  of  misery.  The  population  of  the 
State  by  the  census  of  1860  was  3,880,735,  and  the  enrollment  gave 
764,603  men  as  of  suitable  age,  and  of  course  exclusive  of  about 
150,000  volunteers  in  field  and  camp.  Of  those  enrolled,  139,198 
were  returned  as  exempt.  This  latter  number  was  proportionally 
large  since  it  embraced  not  only  those  exempt  under  the  United 
States  law  but  a  far  larger  number  under  the  State  law,  such  as  all 
clergymen,  judges,  justices  and  officers  of  the  courts,  all  officers  and 
employees  in  the  military  and  civil  service  of  the  State,  Shakers, 
Quakers,  professors  and  teachers,  commissioned  officers  of  the 
militia  honorably  discharged  after  full  term  of  service,  all  officers 
and  members  of  the  organized  militia  (about  200,000)  and  many 
other  classes,  including  "  idiots,  lunatics,  paupers,  habitual  drunk 
ards  and  persons  convicted  of  infamous  crimes."  These  last  were 
properly  included,  not  only  as  indicative  of  the  honorable  service 
to  be  rendered  by  drafted  men  and  the  exclusion  therefrom  of  the 
mentally  and  morally  unworthy  as  also  of  the  physically  unfit,  but 
as  a  corrective  of  the  ill-advised  action  of  some  judges  in  this  and 
other  States  who  in  the  early  days  of  the  war  gave  convicts  the 
option  of  imprisonment  or  enlistment  in  the  volunteer  army,  a 
degradation  of  the  military  service  not  only  vicious  but  manifestly 
impolitic.  I  do  not  recall  the  number  exempted  for  physical  disa 
bility,  but  there  were  some  complaints  that  these  were  excessive, 
and  suggestions  that  the  names  and  causes  of  disability  be  pub 
lished  as  a  corrective.  The  reservoir  of  drafted  men  liable  to  be 
drawn  on  was  625,405,  and  had  the  entire  quota  of  60,000  been 
required,  it  would  have  taken  about  one  in  ten.  To  complete  the 
account  of  this  enrollment  it  may  be  added  that  on  November  7th, 
by  an  order,  it  was  announced  that  the  number  of  camps  for 
enlisted  and  drafted  men  would  be  reduced,  because  the  quotas 


126  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

in  so  many  counties  had  been  filled  by  enlistments  and  in  others 
the  deficiency  was  too  small,  and  on  the  Qth  it  was  informally 
announced  that  the  draft  was  postponed  until  further  orders,  but 
in  fact  it  never  was  resumed  under  the  then  existing  law  and  orders. 
In  reality,  trustworthy  reports  of  persons  enlisted  since  July  2d,  and 
to  be  credited  upon  the  quotas,  could  not  be  procured,  no  proper 
records  had  been  kept  by  the  towns  or  counties;  there  were  many 
disputes  as  to  whether  men  were  to  be  credited  to  the  place  of  their 
residence  or  to  that  of  their  enlistment  where  they  often  received 
a  local  bounty.  At  once  there  arose  a  contention  regarding  the 
credit  in  accordance  to  the  terms  of  enlistment — i.  e.,  whether  one 
"three-years  man"  should  or  should  not  count  for  as  much  as 
three  "  one-year  men."  Other  contentions  between  localities  as  to 
credits  on  quotas  were  subsequently  sources  of  infinite  trouble,  mis 
representations  and  disaffection. 

The  portentous  preparations  of  this  draft,  that  proved  a  myth, 
had  very  important  results;  it  stimulated  the  several  towns  and 
counties  to  fill  their  quotas  and  in  this  respect  it  served  an  excellent 
purpose;  on  the  other  hand  it  caused  the  grant  of  local  bounties 
which  through  fear  and  competition,  reached  great  sums  in  succeed 
ing  years;  indeed  in  the  last  four  months  of  1862  these  reached  as 
high  as  four  hundred  dollars  per  man  in  some  places.  But  worst 
of  all  it  ended  the  period  when  patriotism  was  a  motive  for  enlist 
ment  and  substituted  for  it  money  in  the  hand  of  the  "  volunteer  " 
and  the  frantic  desire  of  his  fellow  townsmen  "  to  fill  the  quota  "  in 
any  way  and  at  any  expense. 

During  October,  eleven  full  regiments  and  two  battalions  of 
infantry  and  three  batteries  of  artillery  were  mustered  into  service 
for  three  years,  most  of  the  men  in  which  had  been  enlisted  prior 
to  the  first  of  that  month,  the  slowness  of  enlistments  retarding 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  127 

their  completion,  and  one  of  the  regiments  being  organized  by  con 
solidation  of'  incomplete  organizations.  During  November,  there 
were  mustered  in  eight  infantry  regiments  for  three  years,  five  of 
them  formed  by  consolidations,  and  one  regiment,  the  Tenth 
National  Guard  of  Albany,  for  nine  months.  During  December 
one  regiment  and  one  battalion  of  infantry  were  mustered  in  for 
three  years,  as  also  five  batteries  of  artillery.  At  the  end  of  the 
year  there  were  remaining  in  camp  two  regiments  of  infantry,  one 
being  the  Nineteenth  National  Guard  of  Newburgh,  that  were 
subsequently  mustered  in  for  nine  months  and  counted  upon 
this  levy,  which  sums  up  as  follows :  sixty-three  regiments  and  three 
battalions  (with  regimental  numbers)  of  infantry,  one  regiment  and 
four  companies  of  sharpshooters,  four  battalions  artillery  (one 
battalion  afterwards  incorporated  into  the  Fifth  and  the  others 
organized  into  the  Tenth  Regiment),  ten  batteries  of  artillery  and 
one  regiment  of  cavalry  (the  Eleventh,  mustered  in  June,  1862,  but 
included  in  this  levy) ;  all  of  the  above  enlisted  for  three  years,  and 
in  addition  there  were  three  regiments  of  infantry  enlisted  for  nine 
months.  The  total  number  of  men  furnished  was  78,904  for  three 
years,  and  1,781  for  nine  months. 

During  October  there  was  an  animated  political  canvass  of  the 
State,  the  Republicans  having  nominated  for  Governor,  Brigadier- 
General  James  S.  Wadsworth,  and  for  Lieutenant-Governor,  Lyman 
Tremain,  of  Albany,  and  the  Democrats  Horatio  Seymour  for  Gov 
ernor,  and  David  R.  Floyd-Jones  for  Lieutenant-Governor.  General 
Wadsworth  had  been  one  of  the  Free-soil  Democrats  who  aided  in 
the  formation  of  the  Republican  party.  He  was  a  man  of  large 
hereditary  wealth,  of  excellent  capacity,  high  character  and  marked 
public  spirit.  He  was  named  as  one  of  the  major-generals  for  our 
first  volunteer  regiments  before  it  was  known  that  no  general 


128  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

officers  would  be  accepted,  and  was  appointed  by  the  President  a 
brigadier-general  of  volunteers  in  August,  1861,  and  was  the  military 
governor  of  Washington  at  the  time  of  his  nomination.  Lyman 
Tremain  had  been  a  Democrat  of  the  "  old  Hunker  "  or  "  hard  " 
stripe  until  the  breaking  out  of  the  war,  when  he  joined  the  Repub 
lican  party  and  became  an  earnest  supporter  of  every  effort  to  sus 
tain  the  Union.  Mr.  Seymour  had  been  Governor  in  1853-54;  he 
was  a  man  of  fine  character  and  an  excellent  example  of  the  higher 
type  of  the  pro-slavery  Democracy  of  the  Northern  States.  Mr. 
Floyd-Jones  had  been  Secretary  of  State  in  1860-61. 

While  the  utterances  of  the  Democratic  newspapers  and  speakers 
were  for  "  a  more  vigorous  prosecution  of  the  war,"  there  was  also 
a  general  censure  by  them  of  about  every  movement  by  the  adminis 
tration.  The  election  on  November  4th  resulted  in  a  majority  for 
Seymour  of  10,752.  The  total  vote  was  70,000  less  than  two  years 
before  and  indicated  the  large  number  of  voters  in  the  military  serv 
ice  and,  therefore,  debarred  from  the  polls.  Another  potent  ele 
ment  in  the  defeat  of  Wadsworth  and  Tremain  was  the  disaffection 
of  Thurlow  Weed,  who  was  always  implacably  hostile  to  that 
element  in  the  Republican  party  derived  from  the  old  Democratic 
party.  Weed's  influence  was  omnipotent  with  the  men  who  had  for 
years  been  his  political  instruments  in  the  Whig  party. 

General  Wadsworth  was  at  his  own  request  detailed  to  active 
service  in  December,  1862,  and  was  conspicuous  in  the  battles  of 
Fredericksburg  and  Gettysburg.  He  died  on  May  8,  1864,  from 
wounds  received  two  days  before  in  the  battle  of  the  Wilderness. 
A  great  many  interpreted  the  result  of  this  election  as  a  vote  of 
lack  of  confidence  in  the  National  Administration,  and  many  strong 
utterances  in  this  direction  were  made.  At  a  political  jollification 
meeting  in  New  York,  on  November  loth,  Fernando  Wood  said: 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  129 

"  I  do  not  understand  the  Governor-elect  if  he  would  not  stand  up 
for  his  State  against  any  Federal  usurpation,"  having  direct  refer 
ence  to  the  draft  then  impending.     John  Van  Buren,  looking  to 
a  submission  of  vexed  questions  to  Congress,  "thought  it  best  before 
an    election    of   representatives    the    President    should    declare   an 
armistice/'     Much    eloquence   was    expended    in   condemning   the 
President's  Emancipation  Proclamation  and  in  eulogizing  General 
McClellan.     The  latter  officer  had  been  relieved  of  the  command  of 
the  Army  of  the  Potomac  by  General  Burnside  on  November  7th, 
at   Warrenton,   Va.      This   was   the   end   of   General   McClellan's 
military    career.     He    was    a    good    organizer    and    had    excellent 
executive  qualities.     His  services  in  the  drill  and  discipline  of  the 
raw  troops  assembled  about  Washington  in  the  winter  of  1861-62 
were  of  incalculable  value.     Not  only  did  they  acquire  the  necessary 
tactical  training  but  by  frequent  brigade  and  division  reviews  they 
were  massed  in  such  numbers  as  to  inculcate  confidence  and  mutual 
assurance  of  strength  and  support.     This  restoration  of  confidence 
was  absolutely  essential  after  the  disastrous  surprises  and  panics 
that  had  so  often  distinguished  the  Union  forces  on  the  line  of  the 
Potomac.    Thus  the  morale  of  the  regiments  engaged  at  Bull  Run 
and  Ball's  Bluff  was  restored,  and  instead  of  a  congeries  of  mobs 
about  the  Capital  we  had  a  drilled  and  disciplined  army.     Probably 
no  officer  in  our  army  could  have  accomplished  this  preparatory 
work  so  well  as  he,  and  it  was  only  when  he  undertook  the  active 
operations  of  a  great  campaign  that  he  was  overtasked.      In  an 
estimate  of  his  military  capacity  I  do  not  think  his  operations  in 
West    Virginia    should    count    for    much;    they   were    a   series    of 
skirmishes  by  untrained  forces  on  both  sides.     He  started  for  the 
Virginia  peninsula  in  April,   1862,  with  a  trained,   organized  and 
well-balanced  army  enthusiastically  devoted  to  him.     The  plan  of 
9 


130  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

campaign  had  been  devised  and  elaborated  by  himself,  and  an 
excellent  plan  it  was,  for  he  possessed  great  skill  in  military  con 
ceptions;  it  was  in  their  execution  that  he  failed.  The  President  and 
Secretary  of  War  were  well  disposed  toward  him  and  he  had  the 
hearty  good  wishes  and  prayers  of  the  loyal  people  of  the  whole 
country.  Whatever  practical  military  ability  General  McClellan 
possessed  fitted  him  for  defensive  rather  than  aggressive  warfare. 
He  was  well  versed  in  military  engineering,  and  as  one  of  the  three 
officers  of  our  army  commissioned  to  the  Crimea  in  1854  he  saw 
the  grand  results  of  Todleben's  genius  in  the  earthworks  about 
Sebastopol,  and  they  gave  him  a  great  respect  for  intrenchments. 
The  thirty  days  delay  before  the  feebly  manned  works  at  Yorktown 
ruined  his  elaborate  campaign  against  Richmond.  He  was  also 
lacking  in  that  enterprising,  persistent  spirit  that  is  forever  pushing 
on,  and  in  that  iron  will  and  self-confidence  that  in  the  supreme 
moment  do  not  hesitate  to  sacrifice  many  lives  that  more  may  be 
saved.  Such  a  rigid,  unbending  will  is  not  compatible  with  that 
amiability  that  made  "  Little  Mac  "  loved  by  his  soldiers,  who  had 
yet  to  learn  that  the  successful  warriors  are  forged  from  sterner 
stuff.  His  last  great  battle  at  Antietam  was  a  defensive  one  against 
invasion,  and  where  all  his  valuable  qualities ,  could  be  displayed.* 
Most  fortunately  for  him  the  Northern  Democrats,  who  foresaw 
the  extinction  of  their  party  unless  it  had  a  support  in  the  Union 
armies,  selected  him  as  their  corner-stone,  and  aware  of  this  he 
permitted  political  purposes  to  color  his  military  plans  and  even 
find  expression  in  his  official  papers.  There  had  been  much  dis 
appointment  through  our  failure  to  actively  pursue  Lee  after  the 

*  It  is  also  credibly  asserted  that  he  had  a  copy  of  General  Lee's  orders 
giving  the  plan  of  battle  and  disposition  of  his  troops,  which  had  been 
captured  in  some  way.  This  information  gave  General  McClellan  great 
advantage. 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  131 

battle  of  Antietam;  it  was  naturally  argued  that  a  beaten  army  with 
a  river  like  the  Potomac  across  its  line  of  retreat  could  be  utterly 
demolished.  This,  however,  does  not  accord  with  the  experience 
in  our  war;  in  none  of  the  great  battles  of  the  East  was  there  a  rapid 
and  effectual  pursuit;  in  none  of  them  did  the  victor  have  a  reserve 
unengaged  in  the  main  contest  and  fresh  for  such  active  duty,  nor 
was  there  on  either  side  in  any  such  battle  a  contingent  of  cavalry 
large  enough  and  so  efficiently  armed  and  drilled  as  to  convert  a 
retreat  into  a  rout  or  a  surrender.  In  fact  the  military  function  of 
cavalry  had  already  much  changed  at  the  time  of  our  war. 

The  unopposed  passage  of  the  Potomac  by  Lee  caused  another 
popular  cry  for  action,  and  the  newspapers  were  vociferous  for  an 
advance.  The  report  that  the  army  was  hampered  by  a  lack  of 
shoes  was  derided.  In  the  autumn  of  1861,  said  they,  we  were 
beguiled  by  the  story  that  McClellan  was  delaying  until  the  leaves 
dropped  from  the  trees  so  that  our  marksmen  could  see  the  enemy 
and  more  readily  slaughter  them;  after  the  leaves  had  fallen  came 
the  adhesively  retarding  mud — and  now  it  is  "  shoes  "  that  are 
lacking.  It  seemed  ridiculous  to  plead  the  same  privations  as  were 
endured  by  our  poverty-stricken  army  at  Valley  Forge,  nearly  a 
century  earlier.  But  in  reality  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  was  in 
good  condition  and  largely  reinforced  by  new  regiments.  All  the 
regiments  and  batteries  remaining  in  our  State  on  November  1st 
were  turned  over  to  General  Banks,  who  was  to  relieve  General 
Butler  at  New  Orleans  and  carry  on  active  operations  in  the 
Mississippi  valley;  these  comprised  eleven  regiments  of  infantry 
and  five  batteries  of  artillery.  Some  of  the  other  of  our  new  regi 
ments  went  to  the  Army  of  the  South,  some  to  North  Carolina, 
others  to  the  Army  of  the  Tennessee,  and  four  infantry  regiments, 
the  One  Hundred  and  Thirteenth,  One  Hundred  and  Twenty-ninth, 


132  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

One  Hundred  and  Thirty-fifth  and  One  Hundred  and  Thirty-eighth, 
were  from  October,  1862,  to  February,  1863,  materially  increased  in 
force  and  converted  into  heavy  artillery  regiments  and  assigned 
to  occupy  the  forts  encircling  Washington.*  The  remainder  of 
the  third  levy  was  incorporated  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  which 
in  December,  under  General  Burnside,  crossed  the  Rappahannock, 
and  on  the  I3th  fought  the  disastrous  battle  of  Fredericksburg,  in 
which  our  losses  were  very  heavy.  Seventy  New  York  regiments 
participated  in  this  battle.  In  the  West  there  had  been  some  suc 
cesses,  though  the  rebel  General  Bragg  had,  on  October  ist, 
ostentatiously  and  impudently  inaugurated  a  Governor  at  Frank 
fort,  Ky.,  but  after  the  severe  battle  at  Perry ville,  nine  days  later, 
retreated  to  Tennessee.  The  year  ended  with  the  completion  of 
preparations  for  the  battle  of  Murfreesboro,  one  of  the  most  hotly 
contested  battles  of  the  war  and,  like  so  many  of  them,  without 
apparent  advantage  to  either  side. 

On  January  ist  Governor  Morgan  handed  over  his  trust  to  Mr. 
Seymour  and  became  a  private  citizen,  since  he  had  stipulated  in 
accepting  the  position  of  major-general  of  volunteers  that  not  only 
would  he  accept  no  pay  for  services  in  that  capacity,  but  that  his 
tenure  of  the  place  should  cease  with  his  term  as  Governor. 

*  They  were  increased  to  twelve  companies,  divisioned  into  three  bat 
talions,  each  commanded  by  a  major,  and  were  respectively  named  as  the 
Seventh,  the  Eighth,  the  Sixth,  and  the  Ninth  New  York  Artillery.  After 
General  Grant's  frightful  losses  in  the  Wilderness  early  in  May,  1864,  in 
response  to  his  request  for  reinforcements,  General  Halleck  ordered  these 
heavy  artillery  regiments  to  the  front.  Each  regiment  was  as  large  as  the 
average  brigade  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  as  then  constituted.  The 
"  heavies "  received  their  baptism  of  fire  at  Spottsylvania  Court  House, 
Va.,  May  19,  1864.  Their  losses  were  very  severe.  At  Cold  Harbor  the 
Seventh  lost  its  colonel,  Lewis  O.  Morris,  one  adjutant,  one  captain,  one 
first  lieutenant  and  one  second  lieutenant.  The  Eighth  lost  its  colonel, 
Peter  A.  Porter  (of  Niagara  Falls),  its  lieutenant-colonel,  who  died  of  the 
wounds  he  received,  one  major,  three  captains,  four  first  and  eight  second 
lieutenants. 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  133 

These  first  two  years  of  the  war  were  far  more  important  in  their 
relations  to  the  State  than  the  succeeding  two  years;  in  them  were 
begun  all  the  military  experiments  in  the  raising  and  organization 
of  troops;  after  December,  1862,  there  was  no  pure  volunteering, 
and  money  alone  became  the  incentive.  The  General  Government 
assumed  a  larger  control  in  the  raising  of  troops  and  but  few  new 
organizations  were  added  to  those  in  the  field.  Of  the  thirteen 
regiments  of  infantry  raised  after  December  31,  1862,  only  one  or 
two  rendered  any  efficient  service.  Nineteen  regiments  of  cavalry 
and  three  of  artillery  were  organized  after  that  date.  This  is  a 
meagre  list  compared  with  that  of  1861  and  1862,  which  comprised 
one  hundred  and  seventy-one  regiments  infantry,  twelve  cavalry, 
eleven  regiments,  two  battalions  and  thirty-four  batteries  of 
artillery,  two  regiments  of  engineers  and  one  regiment  and  four 
companies  of  sharpshooters.  Of  course  these  numbers  in  them 
selves  are  no  disparagement  to  the  later  period,  when  the  effort  was 
mainly  to  recruit  the  veteran  organizations  in  the  field,  rather  than 
to  raise  new  ones,  but  they  indicate  the  diminished  influence  of  the 
State  authority  in  the  later  period. 

Of  all  these  regiments  the  early  ones  in  the  third  levy  were  com 
posed  of  the  best  material.  The  conditions  for  such  an  outcome 
were  favorable;  the  failure  of  McClellan's  campaign  against  Rich 
mond,  followed  by  Pope's  disasters,  brought  us  face  to  face  with 
the  peril  of  our  cause,  and  demanded  every  patriotic  effort  and 
sacrifice.  Death  in  field  and  hospital,  mutilation  of  wounds, 
malarial  poison,  rebel  prisons,  in  fact  all  the  horrors  of  war  were 
now  familiar  to  us,  and  going  to  the  field  was  now  a  stern  reality, 
and  those  who  enlisted  knew  all  the  direful  chances  to  be 
encountered. 

The  formation  of  regimental  camps  in  all  parts  of  the  State 
aroused  local  emulation  which  was  practically  guided  by  the  district 


134  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

committees  composed  of  eminent  citizens  who  by  their  "  gratuitous, 
unremitting  and  efficient  efforts  "  aided  in  the  rapid  recruitment  of 
the  regiments.  The  popular  interest  and  anxiety  found  expression 
in  public  meetings  in  all  parts  at  which  earnest  appeals  were  made 
to  succor  our  endangered  armies.  Such  a  meeting  was  held  in 
Union  Square,  New  York,  on  the  evening  of  July  i6th,  and  another 
in  the  City  Hall  park  on  August  27th,  both  largely  attended,  as  was 
one  in  Brooklyn  on  September  3d.  Colonel  Corcoran,  of  the 
Sixty-ninth  Regiment  of  our  State  militia,  composed  exclusively 
of  Irishmen,  who  had  been  made  a  prisoner  of  war  at  Bull 
Run  on  July  21,  1861,  was  released  August  I5th  by  exchange 
and  became  a  marked  figure  at  these  meetings,  where  his  pres 
ence  and  speeches  aroused  great  enthusiasm  on  the  part  of  our 
Irish  population.  Then  there  was  the  stimulus  of  the  bounty 
offered  by  the  United  States  and  State  amounting  to  seventy-five 
dollars  in  hand  and  correcting  the  evils  arising  from  the  tardy  pay 
ment  of  troops  in  the  field.  The  delay  in  payment  had  been  so 
serious  as  to  cause  much  pauperism  in  the  families  of  the  soldiers, 
and  which,  though  relieved  by  public  and  private  charity,  seriously 
deterred  enlistments. 

Our  State  Legislature  in  January,  1862,  voted  an  appropriation 
of  money  to  be  advanced  to  the  United  States  for  payment  of  our 
troops,  a  part  of  which  was  used  for  that  purpose  and  subsequently 
refunded  by  the  United  States  Pay  Department.  The  sum  of 
seventy-five  dollars  was  a  fund  to  be  left  for  family  use  and  not  a 
mere  mercenary  inducement  like  the  later  large  bounties.  Recalling 
the  character  and  condition  of  the  men  who  enlisted  in  the  rural 
districts  in  July  and  August,  I  cannot  believe  that  the  sum  of 
seventy-five  dollars  was  in  itself  a  provocative,  and  it  only  served 
as  a  small  guaranty  that  dependent  families  should  not  suffer.  The 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  135 

payment  of  this  bounty  caused  a  more  thorough  physical  inspection 
of  the  recruits,  and  under  the  direction  of  Surgeon-General  Vander 
Poel  there  was,  in  addition  to  the  examination  by  the  regimental 
surgeons,  a  rigid  examination  by  surgeons  selected  by  that  officer; 
these  were  Dr.  Mason  F.  Cogswell  at  Albany,  Dr.  William  C.  Wey 
at  Elmira  and  Dr.  William  H.  Thomson  at  New  York,  who  rejected 
a  large  number  that  had  passed  the  regimental  surgeons.  The 
regiments  that  left  the  State  in  August  and  September  contained 
the  very  cream  of  our  military  class — young,  robust,  patriotic  and 
intelligent.  In  some  cases  farmers  brought  their  sons  to  the  camp 
to  see  them  enlisted,  and  in  many  cases  fathers  and  sons  were 
enrolled  together.  At  some  of  the  camps  I  inspected  in  July  the 
recruits  so  soon  as  enlisted  were  furloughed  to  return  home  and 
help  in  the  harvest-field.  The  ingenuous  and  unsophisticated 
character  of  some  of  these  recruits  was  touching.  I  recall  being 
asked  by  a  bright-eyed  youth  who  had  enlisted  in  a  company,  the 
second  lieutenant  of  which  used  to  be  the  recruit's  old  schoolfellow 
and  playmate,  if  he  could  not  be  permitted  to  mess  with  his  friend 
in  the  field.  Although  the  war  was  a  year  old,  its  ruthless  extin 
guishment  of  social,  domestic  and  moral  laws  was  not  yet  generally 
apprehended.  I  think  the  most  inspiring  spectacle  in  my  tours  of 
duty  was  presented  at  Jamestown,  where  upon  my  arrival  early  in 
September  I  found  that,  the  date  of  the  regiment's  departure  (One 
Hundred  and  Twelfth)  being  announced  for  an  early  day;  the  rela 
tives  and  friends  from  both  counties  in  the  district,  Chautauqua  and 
Cattaraugus,  had  driven  into  town  for  a  farewell  visit  to  the 
"  soldier  laddies."  As  I  approached  the  camp  ground,  the  road 
for  half  a  mile  was  lined  each  side  by  vehicles  of  the  visitors,  their 
horses  tied  to  the  fences;  the  camp  itself  was  thronged;  fathers, 
mothers,  sisters,  brothers  and  lovers  were  having  last  interviews 


136  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

with  the  boys  in  blue;  many  were  the  affecting  scenes,  and  for  a 
while  the  strict  discipline  was  relaxed  in  deference  to  an  occasion  that 
affected  every  heart.  The  visitors  brought  home-made  viands  to 
enrich  for  that  day  the  plain  camp  fare,  and  many  a  stalwart  boy 
unmindfully  tasted  then  for  the  last  time  the  toothsome  pies  and 
cakes  his  mother  made,  and  that  often  recurred  to  him  in  those 
coming  days  of  "  hard  tack  "  ere  the  fatal  bullet  pierced  him.  These 
scenes  of  pathos  were  enacted  at  many  camps. 

The  health  of  the  men  was  excellent.  The  summer  weather 
encouraged  the  constant  ventilation  of  the  rough  barracks,  and 
there  were  none  of  those  diseases  incident  to  crowded  quarters. 
The  only  disorders  that  seemed  prevalent  were  diarrhea  and  other 
bowel  complaints,  caused  by  change  of  water  and  diet,  probably 
aggravated  by  the  large  use  of  fresh  vegetables  in  the  subsistence 
furnished  by  the  contractors.  The  inspector-general  and  assistants 
were  particularly  charged  with  the  proper  enforcement  of  discipline 
in  the  camps,  and  in  spite  of  the  general  ignorance  this  was  an 
easy  task.  The  only  serious  exceptions  were  riotous  outbreaks  by 
soldiers  in  what  was  called  the  "  Empire  Brigade,"  at  East  New 
York,  one  in  August  and  another  at  a  later  date,  when  the  Seventh 
Regiment  National  Guard  was  put  on  duty  there.  But  this  was 
in  an  organization  composed  largely  of  city  "  roughs." 

One  indication  of  the  excellent  character  of  the  men  in  these 
regiments  was  the  large  allotments  of  their  pay  toward  the  sup 
port  of  families.  These  in  the  One  Hundred  and  Twenty-fourth 
Regiment,  encamped  at  Goshen,  reached  an  annual  sum  of  $109,956, 
and  in  others  was  nearly  as  large.  These  results  were  greatly  aided 
by  the  public-spirited  and  gratuitous  efforts  of  the  allotment  com 
missioners  of  this  State.* 

*  See  Appendix  A. 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  137 

These  regiments  were  also  fortunate  in  their  commanding"  officers, 
ten  of  whom  were  taken  from  the  United  States  service,  four  from 
other  New  York  regiments  in  the  field,  which  also  supplied  many 
other  field  officers. 

A  remarkable  feature  of  this  levy  was  the  slackness  of  recruiting 
in  the  great  cities  included  in  the  first  seven  districts  (New  York, 
Kings,  Queens,  Suffolk  and  Richmond  counties).  Of  the  39,787 
enlisted  men  sent  to  the  field  before  October  1st,  the  proper  quota 
of  these  counties  would  be  12,547,  but  they  furnished  only  3,043 
men.  A  part  of  this  was  due  probably  to  the  fact  that  the  cities 
had  on  previous  levies  furnished  more  than  their  quotas,  and  to 
the  large  number  of  naval  enlistments,  which  were  almost  wholly 
rn  New  York  and  Brooklyn,  but  did  not  count  in  their  quotas. 
Beyond  these  reasons,  however,  were  the  closer  and  more  intimate 
relations  of  the  committeemen  in  the  country  to  their  "  constitu 
encies  "  and  the  stronger  local  sentiment.  Of  course  in  the  end 
all  districts  had  to  furnish  their  quotas,  but  it  was  finally  through 
liberal  bounties  rather  than  any  sentiment.  These  city  regiments 
were  also  composed  of  much  poorer  material.  It  was  computed 
that  over  one-half  the  total  desertions  from  this  levy  during  the 
period  of  enlistment  occurred  in  New  York  and  Brooklyn,  attrib 
utable  not  only  to  the  inferior  class  of  recruits,  but  the  ease  of 
secretion  in  large  cities.  In  August  a  reward  of  five  dollars  was 
offered  in  these  cities  for  the  apprehension  of  a  deserter,  and  the 
police  did  arrest  some.  It  was  in  these  city  regiments  that  the 
only  material  disturbances  occurred  as  has  been  before  mentioned. 
I  recall  an  official  visit  to  the  One  Hundred  and  Fifty-eighth  Regi 
ment  when  encamped  at  East  New  York,  and  being  shown  at  the 
guardhouse  a  very  large  collection  of  bottles  of  liquor  attempted 
to  be  smuggled  within  the  lines  by  recruits  and  their  friends.  The 


138  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

proximity  of  a  great  city  to  an  encampment  was  a  constant  source 
of  annoyance  and  anxiety  to  the  officers. 

In  September  I  paid  the  bounty  to  the  One  Hundred  and  Forty- 
fifth  Regiment  in  camp  at  New  Dorp,  Staten  Island.  It  was 
ostensibly  being  raised  by  Colonel  William  H.  Allen,  who  com 
manded  the  First  Regiment  New  York  Volunteer  Infantry,  mus 
tered  into  the  United  States  service  at  New  York  on  May  7,  1861. 
This  was  a  distinctively  New  York  city  regiment,  composed  of 
what  were  known  in  those  days  as  "  Bowery  boys."  A  bill  pre 
sented  to  me  for  audit  in  1862  was  for  "  medical  stores  "  for  this 
regiment  in  camp  in  April,  1861,  and  which  comprised  "  120  gal 
lons  bourbon  whiskey,  42  gallons  pale  sherry,  21  1-2  gallons  pale 
Otard  brandy,  40  gallons  cabinet  gin  and  24  dozen  Allsop  East 
India  ale,"  and  nothing  more.  Of  course  I  could  not  allow  such 
an  extraordinary  array  of  drugs  which,  without  doubt,  never  went 
into  any  hospital,  but  enlivened  the  officers'  mess;  but  it  is  a  fair 
indication  of  the  character  of  this  regiment.  The  First  Regiment 
was  ordered  to  report  to  General  Butler  at  Fortress  Monroe  early 
in  May,  1861,  and  the  very  next  month  Colonel  Allen  exhibited 
his  lawless  character.  On  June  28th  he  was  arrested  by  order 
of  General  Butler  and  subsequently  tried  by  court-martial  on  sev 
eral  charges.  On  September  I2th  the  President  approved  the 
sentence  that  he  be  cashiered.  It  was  like  his  rare  impudence  to 
assume  that  the  Governor  would  give  him  another  commission. 
The  One  Hundred  and  Forty-fifth  was  quite  as  boisterous  as  the 
First  Regiment  had  been,  and  I  had  an  amusing  illustration  of  it. 
Among  the  extraordinary  appointments  of  those  days  was  that  of 
a  noted  New  York  lawyer,  known  as  "  Dick  "  Busteed,  to  the  rank 
of  brigadier-general.  Why  this  was  done  no  one  could  tell,  since 
there  was  good  reasons  to  believe  that  he  would  never  get  a  com- 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  139 

mand  in  the  field.  To  give  him  some  employment  he  was  directed 
to  inspect  the  regiments  organizing  about  New  York,  and  in  one 
of  my  official  visits  to  the  New  Dorp  camp  I  found  General 
"  Dick  "  there  in  all  the  glories  of  a  new  uniform.  This  regiment 
went  to  the  field  under  Colonel  Price,  was  disbanded  in  a  year  and 
the  men  incorporated  in  other  regiments.* 

While  the  early  regiments  of  this  levy  were  of  the  superior  char 
acter  mentioned,  the  later  ones,  with  few  exceptions,  were  of  a  much 
lower  grade,  and  as  the  draft  increased  and  with  it  the  amount 
of  local  bounties,  the  result  was  reflected  in  the  men  who  responded. 

Mention  must  be  made  of  the  effort  to  parry  out  the  provisions 
of  the  new  militia  law  of  April.  The  enrollment  was  completed  in 

*  So  far  as  I  know  General  Busteed  never  had  an  opportunity  to  exhibit 
his  military  qualities,  except  in  airing  his  uniform  about  town,  but  he  pro 
fessed  a  strong  desire  to  flash  his  maiden  sword  in  the  field.  I  recall  his 
coming  to  see  General  Arthur  at  our  Walker  Street  Headquarters  in  Octo 
ber,  1862,  when  I  was  present.  He  said  he  had  made  up  his  mind  to  run 
down  to  Washington  and  get  Secretary  Seward  to  have  him  put  in  active 
service.  A  day  or  so  later  he  returned  and  gave  an  account  of  his  trip. 
"  I  got  to  the  Secretary's  house,"  he  said,  "  late  in  the  evening,  and  when 
he  saw  me  he  seemed  astonished  and  asked  me  if  I  had  been  ordered  to 
come,  and  when  I  said  no,  he  told  me  that  Secretary  Stanton  had  issued 
an  order  that  any  officer  found  in  Washington  without  orders  to  report 
there  should  be  arrested  and  confined  in  the  Old  Capitol  Prison,  and  that 
I  had  better  get  back  to  New  York  as  soon  as  possible  by  the  midnight 
train,  saying  that  as  I  had  escaped  the  scrutiny  of  the  guard  at  the  railroad 
station  I  might  be  as  lucky  on  my  return.  So  I  skulked  back,  fortunately 
escaping  the  provost  marshal's  dogs,  and  here  I  am."  His  discomfiture 
was  so  comical  that  we  roared  with  laughter,  in  which  Busteed  joined. 
After  he  left  us  we  concluded  that  the  Secretary  was  glad  to  get  rid  of  him. 
One  of  the  nuisances  to  the  President,  Secretary  Stanton  and  other  officials 
was  the  congregation  of  officers  at  Washington  away  from  their  stations 
and  intent  on  getting  promotions  and  other  favors.  At  one  time  it  was  a 
trite  saying  that  you  could  not  throw  a  stone  at  a  dog  in  Washington  and 
not  -hit  two  or  three  brigadier-generals.  Early  in  the  Reconstruction  era 
President  Johnson  appointed  Busteed  a  United  States  District  Judge  in 
Alabama,  probably  through  Secretary  Seward,  who  appeared  to  have  some 
interest  in  him.  He  doubtless  had  legal  acquirements,  but  I  never  learned 
of  his  judicial  career  in  those  troublous  times  in  the  South  that  followed 
the  end  of  the  war. 


140  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

an  imperfect  manner  and  out  of  the  128  regiments  of  National 
Guard  only  59  regiments,  with  an  aggregate  of  22,154  officers  and 
men,  had  been  organized.  This  incomplete  result,  which  was  not 
greatly  increased  until  the  war  ended,  did,  however,  serve  an  excel 
lent  purpose,  and  National  Guard  regiments  entered  the  United 
States  service  for  short  periods  in  1863  and  1864,  besides  render 
ing  important  services  within  the  State.  The  general  plan  initiated 
by  that  law  still  remains  in  operation. 

In  drawing  to  a  close  this  account  of  the  military  transactions 
under  Governor  Morgan  the  total  number  of  the  men  sent  to  the 
field  should  be  given.  My  own  data  being  lost,  I  give  the  report 
made  by  Adjutant-General  Sprague  on  February  18,  1863,  in 
response  to  a  request  of  the  Legislature  for  information  as  to  the 
number  of  men  enlisted  and  turned  over  to  the  United  States  Gov 
ernment  by  this  State  since  April  16,  1861,  and  which  is  probably 
a  correct  summary  from  the  official  records: 

Mustered  into  United  States  service  for  3  months 15,922 

Mustered  into  United  States  service  for  9  months 2,560 

Mustered  into  United  States  service  for  2  years 30,250 

Mustered  into  United  States  service  for  3  years 173,321 


Total 222,053 


As  practically  none  were  so  mustered  between  January  I  and 
February  18,  1863,  the  total  represents  the  achievement  by  Gov 
ernor  Morgan's  administration.  The  report  of  the  adjutant-general 
in  1859,  made  to  the  War  Department,  gave  the  militia  force  of 
New  York  State  as  418,846  officers  and  privates,  so  the  State  had 
responded  by  sending  one-half  its  available  force  as  so  published,  a 
wonderful  achievement  indeed.  I  cannot  leave  this  topic  without 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  141 

some  general  reflections  upon  the  whole  body  of  troops  sent  out 
by  our  State  during  the  entire  war,  which  numbered,  as  reported 
by  United  States  Provost  Marshal  General  Fry,  in  February,  1866, 
455*568  individuals,  or  reduced  to  the  standard  of  three-years'  en 
listment,  to  380,980  men,  or  about  17.9  per  cent,  of  the  whole  num 
ber  furnished  by  all  the  States,  while  the  quota  of  the  State,  based 
upon  the  census  of  1860  was  only  17.2  per  cent.,  without  allowing 
for  the  large  naval  enlistments  in  our  State  or  for  the  larger  pro 
portion  of  arm-bearing  men  in  the  new  States. 

Disregarding  the  mixed  motives  of  patriotism,  ambition,  cupid 
ity  or  frivolity  that  led  to  enlistments  in  this  State,  motives  that 
obtained  equally  throughout  all  the  States,  I  am  confident  that  the 
people  of  no  other  State  surpassed  those  of  New  York  in  the 
promptitude  of  their  responses  to  the  exigent  needs  of  their  coun 
try  or  in  the  character  and  efficiency  of  those  who  responded.  To 
those  citizen-soldiers  is  due  the  meed  rather  than  to  those  who 
supervised  their  organization  and  equipment.  And  I  wish  to  say 
here  that  I  have  not  consciously  misrepresented  or  disparaged  those 
who  enlisted  by  any  mention  of  their  motives  as  revealed  to  me. 
As  time  goes  on  there  is  a  disposition,  more  and  more,  to  exalt  all 
who  enlisted  as  patriots  and  heroes,  so  that  laws  are  passed  in 
Congress  even  to  condone  desertion  and  crown  it  with  a  pension. 
It  was  my  rare  opportunity  to  see  close  at  hand  the  elements  of 
our  volunteer  armies,  and  I  must  express  my  impressions  without 
any  gloss  of  exaggeration  or  depreciation.  No  one  can  surpass 
me  in  profound  respect  and  praise  for  the  large  proportion  of  men 
who  enlisted  from  pure  patriotic  feeling  or  in  gratitude  to  those 
who  died  or  were  grievously  wounded  on  the  battlefield,  or  died 
or  were  disabled  by  illness  contracted  in  and  incident  to  that  serv 
ice.  But  there  were  at  the  bottom  of  this  military  mass  the  dregs 


142  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

represented  by  the  poltroons,  skulkers,  deserters  and  bounty- 
jumpers.  There  was  not  a  battle  or  skirmish  that  did  not  have  in 
its  rear  and  on  its  flanks  a  fringe  of  these  vagabonds,  who,  dropping 
from  the  ranks,  sought  shelter  and  left  to  their  comrades  the  perils 
of  the  assault.  These  are  .now  raised  to  the  same  plane  as  those 
who  rendered  good  service — they  are  pure  patriots,  heroes,  Union- 
saviors,  entitled  to  honor,  glory  and  all  that  the  most  generous  of 
nations  can  bestow.  I  cannot  refrain  from  some  protest  against 
such  injustice  to  the  true  veteran  soldiers  and  to  the  truth  of  history. 
By  the  end  of  November  the  strain  imposed  upon  the  State  to 
meet  the  demand  for  troops  was  almost  wholly  relaxed.  There 
were  a  few  incomplete  organizations,  some  of  which  remained  for 
the  coming  new  State  officers  to  exercise  their  prentice  hands  on. 
It  had  been  a  very  strenuous  strain  for  four  months,  during  which 
every  day,  including  the  Sundays,  had  brought  its  added  burdens. 
I  can  recall  one  day — a  Sunday  at  that — that  certainly  burdened 
me.  General  Arthur  was  at  Albany,  and  on  the  Saturday  of  a  week 
of  great  toil  for  all,  I  had  allowed  all  the  leading  subordinates  to 
leave  early  in  the  afternoon,  not  to  report  again  until  Monday,  since 
they  needed  some  relaxation,  so  I  was  practically  alone.  Late  in  the 
day  I  received  telegraphic  advices  of  the  sudden  movement  of  three 
regiments  for  New  York,  one  from  the  west  by  the  Erie  Railroad, 
and  another  from  the  west  and  one  from  the  north  to  arrive  by  the 
Hudson  River  road,  all  to  arrive  on  Sunday  forenoon  at  different 
hours.  I  had  a  further  dispatch  from  general  headquarters  direct 
ing  these  regiments  be  sent  immediately  forward  to  Washington 
en  route  to  the  army.  I  could  not  recall  our  absentees,  as  I  did 
not  know  where  they  had  gone  for  their  brief  vacations.  On  Sun 
day,  by  the  use  myself  of  relays  of  hacks,  I  was  able  to  provide 
for  the  needs  of  these  regiments,  getting  arms  and  accoutrements 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  143 

for  two  of  them,  rations  served  at  the  Park  barracks  for  two  and 
at  the  Battery  barracks  for  the  other,  and  transportation  for  two 
by  the  railroad  to  Philadelphia  via  Jersey  City  and  the  other  by 
the  then  New  Jersey  Southern  railroad  route  via  Sandy  Hook. 
The  last  regiment  did  not  leave  until  midnight.  Fortunately  Colonel 
Welch,  assistant  ordnance  officer,  was  on  duty  that  day  and  ready 
to  issue  the  arms,  etc.  I  mention  this  incident  only  as  exemplifying 
the  great  pressure  of  those  stirring  days. 

The  later  work  of  this  period  had  been  much  increased  by  the 
difficult  and  delicate  work  of  consolidating  incomplete  companies 
and  regiments.  In  this  I  took  no  part,  being  detailed  to  other 
duties,  and  the  consolidations  were  effected  by  General  Van  Vechten, 
whose  tact  and  courteous  ways  alleviated  much  of  the  disappoint 
ment,  rancor  and  jealousy  incident  to  the  exclusion  of  so  many 
supernumerary  officers. 

As  the  general  staff  officers  have  always  been  considered  as  per 
sonal  selections  by  successive  Governors,  and  the  new  administra 
tion  would  take  charge  on  January  1st,  the  month  of  December 
was  largely  occupied  in  the  completion  of  unfinished  business  and 
in  the  settlement  of  accounts.  The  auditing  board  created  by 
Chap.  397,  Laws  of  1862,  consisted  of  the  inspector,  judge  advocate 
and  quartermaster  generals,  who  were  authorized  to  examine  and 
audit  claims  against  the  State  for  expenses  incurred  in  raising  vol 
unteers,  for  which  purpose  an  appropriation  of  $500,000  was  made 
to  pay  audited  and  proper  claims.  Generals  Van  Vechten,  Anthon 
and  Arthur  composed  this  board,  of  which  I  was,  ex  officio,  secretary. 
Many  sessions  were  held  in  December  and  some  claims  audited, 
but  the  principal  achievement  was  the  establishment  of  the  prin 
ciples  governing  the  audit.  I  may  say  here  that  the  board  remained 
in  existence  until  April,  1868,  when  I  prepared  the  final  report,  show- 


144  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

ing  a  total  disbursement  of  $294,948.92,  or  only  about  three-fifths 
of  the  appropriation,  a  remarkable  accomplishment  in  our  State 
finance,  and  what  is  quite  as  satisfactory,  about  the  whole  of  this 
sum  has  been  refunded  to  the  State  upon  the  presentation  of  the 
vouchers  to  the  United  States. 

Another  board,  comprising  the  same  officers,  and  of  which  I  was 
also  secretary,  audited  the  claims  of  our  militia  regiments  for  uni 
forms,  etc.,  worn  out  or  destroyed  in  their  three  months'  service  in 
1861,  for  which  purpose  $50,000  was  appropriated. 

There  was  also  the  settlement  of  heavy  accounts  for  supplies  for 
the  third  levy  delivered  on  contracts  made  by  Governor  Morgan, 
but  payable  directly  by  the  United  States. 

In  leaving  that  chamber  in  the  old  capitol  where  he  had  labored 
so  assiduously  and  with  such  a  conscientious  sense  of  duty  Gov 
ernor  Morgan  had  every  reason  to  congratulate  himself.  Under 
conditions  the  most  grave  and  urgent  the  State  had  responded 
promptly  and  nobly  to  every  just  demand  upon  it.  Governor  Mor 
gan  was  not  a  constructive  statesman,  nor  had  he  the  gift  of  oratory, 
but  he  did  have  what  was  more  important  in  his  position  in  that 
crisis,  an  excellent  administrative  ability,  trained  and  seasoned  by 
his  extensive  experience  as  a  merchant.  As  Governor  and  major- 
general  of  volunteers,  he  was  sagacious  and  untiring.  His  own 
remarkable  physical  powers  led  him  to  overrate  those  of  his  subor 
dinates,  some  of  whom  broke  down  under  the  unremitting  toil  of 
the  last  half  of  the  year  1862.  He  assumed  large  responsibilities 
and  expected  all  of  us  to  imitate  his  example  when  confronted  by 
an  exigency  requiring  prompt  relief.  His  natural  traits  and  mer 
cantile  training  made  him  exact  and  exacting  in  all  financial  mat 
ters,  and,  if  anything,  inclined  to  be  too  parsimonious.  As  an 
example  of  his  economic  ideas  may  be  stated  the  inadequate  pay 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  145 

of  the  overworked  generals  on  his  staff,  which  was  put  at  that  of 
a  major  in  the  United  States  service;  but  these  were  of  his  "  military 
family/'  from  whom  he  expected  sacrifices  in  those  trying  days. 
His  rare  mercantile  abilities  were  displayed  in  the  contracts  for 
quartermaster  and  commissary  stores  in  1862,  which  bred  no 
defalcations  or  scandals.  My  official  account  of  the  terms  and  mag 
nitude  of  these  transactions  was  accidentally  destroyed. 

Adjutant-General  Hillhouse  (of  Geneva)  had  been  a  member  of 
the  Senate  and  subsequently  was  State  Comptroller  and  Assistant 
United  States  Treasurer  at  New  York.  He  was  a  methodical,  assid 
uous  and  conscientious  official. 

General  Arthur  held  three  positions  on  the  staff:  engineer-in- 
chief,  January  i,  1861,  to  April  n,  1862;  inspector-general,  April 
12  to  July  u,  1862,  and  quartermaster-general,  July  12  to  Decem 
ber  31,  1862.  He  administered  these  somewhat  incongruous 
functions  with  singular  ability,  and  under  his  auspices,  aided 
by  distinguished  engineers,  military  and  civil,  reports  of  great 
value  upon  the  defensive  needs  and  works  of  the  State  were 
made  to  the  Legislature  of  1862.  As  head  of  the  quarter 
master's  department  in  New  York,  both  acting  and  actual,  he 
showed  unusual  executive  ability  both  in  routine  and  in  occa 
sional  fields  of  business  and  under  conditions  very  difficult  and  com 
plex.  As  an  instance  of  his  shrewdness  there  was  saved  in  the 
transportation  expenses  of  the  third  levy  $43,174.13,  being  that 
sum  less  than  the  allowance  by  the  United  States.  He  was  a  man 
of  fine  and  attractive  personal  qualities,  and  Governor  Morgan 
almost  invariably  insisted  that  General  Arthur  should  accompany 
him  on  his  official  visits  to  Washington.  Of  his  subsequent  career 
as  collector  of  the  port,  Vice-President  and  President  there  is  no 
need  to  say  anything  here. 
10 


146  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

Surgeon- General  Vander  Poel,  who  had  held  the  same  position 
under  Governor  King,  1857-8,  was  not  only  a  good  physician  but 
also  had  a  high  administrative  capacity.  He  selected  competent 
men  as  surgeons  for  the  regiments  and  military  depots,  and  by  a 
re-examination  by  his  special  aids  of  recruits  passed  by  imperfect 
examinations  he  caused  the  rejection  of  many  with  great  advan 
tage  and  economy  to  the  Government. 

Quartermaster-General  Van  Vechten  was  a  faithful,  plodding  offi 
cial,  but  lacking  in  the  power  or  initiative. 

General  Welch,  the  ordnance  officer,  had  been  State  Treasurer 
and  a  man  of  great  social  popularity.  He  resigned  in  1862  to  take 
a  place  with  the  rank  of  colonel  on  the  staff  of  General  Pope,  com 
manding  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and  contracting  malarial  fever 
in  the  field,  died  after  a  short  service. 

Judge-Advocate  General  Anthon  came  from  a  scholastic  family 
and  was  a  sound  lawyer.  His  duties  were  confined  to  legal  ques 
tions  and  the  operation  of  the  new  militia  law,  of  which  he  was 
the  author.  His  death  at  a  comparatively  early  age  cut  short  a 
career  that  would  have  been  useful  and  honorable. 

Paymaster  Bliss  was  a  man  of  tireless  activities  in  many  direc 
tions.  Among  other  tasks  he  had  supervision  of  the  care  of  14,000 
wounded  soldiers  who  were  quartered  at  the  Park  barracks  while 
en  route  through  the  city  in  May,  June  and  July  in  1862,  and  sub 
sequently  was  indefatigable  in  the  payment  of  the  State  bounty. 
After  the  war  he  became  well  known  in  the  city  as  a  prominent 
figure  in  the  management  of  his  party  and  as  United  States  district 
attorney. 

The  New  Year  on  January  i,  1863,  dissolved  our  military  connec 
tion,  and  we  parted  with  mutual  esteem.  I  am  certain  that  the 
others  felt  the  same  pride  that  I  did  in  having  been  an  official  part 
of  a  State  administration  so  patriotic,  pure  and  efficient. 


APPENDIX  A; 


ALLOTMENT  OF  PART  OF  SOLDIERS'  PAY. 


AT  the  very  outset  of  the  war  it  occurred  to  thoughtful  people 
that  the  withdrawal  from  productive  labor  of  a  large  part  of 
its  citizens  for  an  uncertain  period  would  breed  grave  conditions, 
which,  if  not  successfully  met,  would  bring  great  embarrassments, 
ever  increasing  as  the  war  was  prolonged.  The  citizens  who  enlisted 
were  selected,  both  as  to  age  and  bodily  condition,  from  the  class 
whose  productive  capacity  was  in  a  physical  sense  the  highest. 
In  this  withdrawal  of  so  many  wage-earners  the  first  question  to  be 
solved  was  as  to  the  assured  support,  during  their  absence,  of  those 
dependent  on  them,  since  the  enforced  assumption  of  this  obliga 
tion  as  a  public  charge  would  not  only  be  a  grievous  addition  to 
the  burdens  resting  upon  the  people,  but  what  would  be  worse, 
would  generate  a  large  pauper  class,  with  all  the  demoralizing  con 
sequences  and  influences  so  noxious  in  older  nations,  and  which 
we  had  fortunately  so  far  escaped.  There  was  also  to  be  consid 
ered  the  subjective  effect  of  such  a  severance  of  family  interests 
and  obligations  upon  the  soldiers  themselves,  separated  from  their 
homes,  at  great  distances  and  for  long  periods,  immersed  in  excite 
ments  and  distractions  and  often  without  communication  of  any 
sort  for  many  months.  War  exerts  upon  most  of  those  engaged 

*  See  pages  54,  136. 


148  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

in  it  tendencies  so  vicious  and  depraving  that  society,  in  self- 
defence,  can  neglect  no  agency  by  which  the  evils  may  be  prevented 
or  mitigated. 

The  pay  of  the  private  soldier,  $13  a  month,  at  first  glance  seems 
paltry,  but  when  it  is  considered  that,  in  addition,  he  receives  food, 
clothing,  quarters  and  medical  attendance,  there  seems  no  reason 
why  he  should  spend  for  his  own  needs  more  than  $3  to  $5  a 
month,  and  not  allot  the  residue  for  the  support  of  his  dependents, 
or  if  free  from  that  contingency,  should  not  direct  its  deposit  in  a 
savings  bank  to  accumulate  as  capital  when  he  returns  to  the 
working  world.  These  motives  led  to  an  inadequate  act  of  Con 
gress,  passed  July  22,  1861,  during  the  short  session  called  to  meet 
the  sudden  exigencies  and  perils  caused  by  the  rebellion.  So  imper 
fect  were  this  law  and  the  agencies  for  its  execution,  that  it  bore 
no  good  results.  A  more  effective  law  was  passed  on  December 
24,  1861,  and  under  its  provisions  President  Lincoln,  four  days 
later,  appointed  as  commissioners  for  the  State  of  New  York  three 
of  its  citizens  who  had  been  largely  instrumental  in  the  passage  of 
the  law.  These  were  Theodore  Roosevelt,  father  of  President 
Roosevelt;  William  E.  Dodge,  Jr.,  and  Theodore  Bronson,  all  of 
New  York  city,  and  notable  as  foremost  there  in  all  good  works, 
moral,  social  and  political.  Mr.  Roosevelt  was  chairman  of  the 
commission,  and  in  the  brief  survey  here  of  the  achievements  of 
the  members  it  may  be  premised  that  the  law  expressly  declared 
that  in  the  discharge  of  their  functions  under  it  they  "  shall 
receive  no  pay  or  emoluments  whatever  from  the  Treasury  of  the 
United  States."  Thus  not  only  were  their  services  purely  gratui 
tous,  but  they  paid  every  cent  of  their  expenses  out  of  their  own 
pockets.  These  public-spirited  citizens  immediately  set  about  their 
task  by  visiting  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  encamped  in  a  quagmire 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  149 

of  deep,  tenacious  mud  on  the  Virginia  side  of  that  river  opposite 
Washington.  During  the  months  of  January,  February  and  March 
they  beat  up  the  quarters  of  80  regiments  in  that  army,  and  at  Bal 
timore,  Annapolis,  Fortress  Monroe  and  Newport  News.  It  was 
a  very  severe  winter,  and  away  from  all  the  usual  conveniences  of 
civilization  they  were  almost  entirely  dependent  upon  the  higher 
officers  for  quarters,  subsistence  and  transportation.  Their  method 
of  solicitation  was  to  request  the  officers  to  have  the  companies,  or, 
if  practicable,  an  entire  regiment,  drawn  up  in  hollow  square,  when 
one  of  the  commissioners  would  address  the  soldiers,  explaining 
the  law,  appealing  to  them  on  behalf  of  their  distant  families,  and 
disabusing  their  minds  of  prejudices  arising  from  the  defects  of 
the  earlier  law  or  raised  by  interested  parties.  Of  these  latter  were 
some  of  the  paymasters  and  their  clerks,  who  found  their  labor 
increased  by  the  division  of  payments  into  money  in  hand  and 
cheques  for  the  allotted  amounts.  But  the  most  effective  opposi 
tion  came  from  the  sutlers,  who,  seeing  the  serious  diminution  of 
their  profits  from  the  sales,  at  exorbitant  prices,  of  wares  mostly 
unnecessary  or  injurious,  put  up  placards  impudently  warning  the 
men  that  the  law  was  an  attempt  of  the  Government  to  swindle 
them  out  of  their  wages.  The  commissioners  were  informed  that 
officers  were  often  partners  with  the  sutlers,  and  shared  in  their 
profits,  and  that  liquor  was  sold  constantly  in  violation  of  law, 
often  "  hidden  under  all  kinds  of  ingenious  devices,  disguised  as 
tobacco,  bread,  etc.,  and  even  in  some  cases  in  imitation  Bibles." 
It  was  my  own  observation  that  sutlers,  as  a  class,  exerted  a  very 
demoralizing  influence. 

In  April  the  commissioners  visited  the  New  York  troops  under 
General  Hunter  on  the  coasts  of  South  Carolina,  Georgia  and  Flor 
ida,  but  with  indifferent  success,  having  been  preceded  by  osten- 


150  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

sible  agents  of  the  New  York  common  council,  who,  in  the  clumsy 
presentation  of  their  own  allotment  system,  prejudiced  the  men 
against  any  method.  During  the  raising  of  the  third  levy — in  the 
summer  and  fall  of  1862 — the  commissioners  visited  all  the  regi 
ments  in  their  respective  camps  throughout  the  State  and  secured 
a  large  allotment.  It  was  during  this  service  that  I  became  per 
sonally  cognizant  with  the  admirable  work  they  were  doing,  which 
I  was  further  brought  in  contact  with  a  year  later  in  Washington, 
Virginia  and  the  camps  south  of  Harrisburg,  Pa. 

On  November  15,  1862,  the  commission  made  a  report  to  the 
President,  from  which  some  of  the  above  information  is  abstracted, 
giving  the  allotments  made  up  to  that  date  by  soldiers  from  this 
State  as  aggregating  $5,341,890.21  per  annum.  This  vast  sum  rep- 
resents,  economically,  socially  and  morally,  more  than  can  be  con 
ceived  at  this  late  day,  when  the  abnormal  and  relaxing  conditions 
of  that  long,  exhausting  war  are  forgotten  or  unknown.  It  was  a 
work  in  the  advantages  of  which  the  soldier,  his  family  and  his 
State  participated,  rendered  by  three  men,  who,  doubtful  of  their 
military  ability  and  value,  gave  in  lieu  of  service  under  arms  such 
other  good  service  as  they  could  in  an-  unselfish  and  devoted  spirit. 
All  the  saviors  of  our  country  did  not  go  into  the  martial  arena;  if 
they  had  there  would  have  been  no  salvation. 

The  efforts  of  the  commissioners  continued  to  the  end  of  the  war, 
but  all  the  later  recruiting  was  by  individuals  for  the  regiments 
in  the  field,  or  by  drafting,  or  by  purchase  of  men  in  the  open  mart 
to  fill  quotas,  and  it  was  difficult  to  reach  these  isolated  cases, 
though  in  spite  of  obstacles  many  allotments  were  secured. 

The  experience  gained  by  Messrs.  Roosevelt  and  Dodge  in  the 
operation  of  the  allotment  system  drew  their  attention,  towards  the 
close  of  the  war,  to  the  disadvantages  which  the  families  of  deceased 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  151 

soldiers,  as  also  the  disabled  soldiers  themselves,  suffered  in  the 
collection  of  back  pay  and  pensions.  The  procedure  in  these  claims 
being  intricate  and  technical,  the  claimants  were  apt  to  become  the 
prey  of  unscrupulous  pension  agents,  who  deducted  large  commis 
sions  and  often,  in  their  own  interest,  delayed  collections,  causing 
great  hardship.  In  cooperation  with  other  leading  citizens  of  New 
York  city  they  organized  the  "  Protective  War  Claim  Association," 
of  which  the  venerable  General  Winfield  Scott  was  president,  with 
an  office  at  35  Chambers  street.  The  purpose  of  this  organization 
was  the  collection  of  claims  without  any  cost  to  the  claimants,  the 
giving  of  gratuitous  advice  to  the  discharged  soldiers  and  sailors 
regarding  bounties,  pensions,  etc.,  and,  not  least,  in  preventing  the 
making  of  false  claims  against  the  Government — purposes  of  course 
very  obnoxious  to  some  parties.  This  good  work  was  only  closed 
when  the  pension  and  related  business  was  monopolized  by  the  pen 
sion  agents  through  their  practical  alliance,  for  mutual  benefit,  with 
the  organized  veterans,  an  alliance  that  has  achieved  stupendous 
results. 

Mr.  Roosevelt  died  in  February,  1878,  and  Mr.  Bronson  some  time 
later,  leaving  Mr.  Dodge  the  sole  survivor  of  this  trio  of  unselfish 
patriots. 


APPENDIX  B. 


HEADQUARTERS,  DEPOTS,  STOREHOUSES, 
BARRACKS  AND  CAMPS. 


OF  course  the  general  headquarters  were  at  Albany,  where 
the  Governor,  adjutant-general  and  inspector-general  had 
offices  in  the  Capitol,  where  the  Assembly  library  was  given  to  the 
adjutant-general  and  two  rooms  built  in  the  front  of  the  spacious 
hall  on  the  main  floor  were  added  to  the  offices  of  the  Governor 
and  adjutant-general.  The  inspector-general's  office,  when  the 
Legislature  was  not  in  session,  was  in  the  ante-room  and  post-office 
of  the  Senate  over  the  Executive  Chamber.  These  rooms,  which 
I  occupied  in  1861-62,  had  some  hereditary  associations,  as  my 
grandfather,  James  Burt,  of  Orange,  had  been  in  the  Legislature 
for  twenty  years  between  1797  and  1827.  He  voted  in  the  Assem 
bly  on  the  bill  to  erect  the  Capitol,  and  was  in  the  Senate  ten  years  ; 
my  father  was  deputy  clerk  of  that  body  for  several  years  prior 
to  1829.  Surgeon-General  Vander  Poel,  for  convenience,  had  his 
office  in  his  residence  on  the  northeast  corner  of  Pearl  and  Steuben 
streets.  The  quartermaster-general  had  an  office  a  part  of  the  time 
in  the  Capitol  and  a  part  at  the  depot.  General  Arthur  had  his 
office  in  New  York  in  the  military  storehouse,  No.  51  Walker  street, 
of  which  more  anon. 
*  See  pages  18,  46,  49,  96. 


154  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

The  three  depots  designated  as  the  rendezvous  for  volunteers  were 
as  follows : 

At  Albany,  in  the  industrial  school  building,  a  large  brick  struc 
ture  in  the  southwest  part  of  the  city,  to  which  many  rough  wooden 
additions  were  made.  Brigadier-General  John  F.  Rathbone,  of 
Albany,  was  commandant.  He  was  a  prominent  and  public-spirited 
citizen  of  Albany,  where  he  died  in  1901  at  an  advanced  age.  His 
assistant  adjutant-general  was  Charles  Emory  Smith,  then  just  grad 
uated  from  college,  and  since  favorably  known  as  editor  of  the  Phila 
delphia  Press,  Minister  to  Russia  and  Postmaster-General. 

The  depot  at  New  York  was  at  brigade  headquarters  in  the 
armory  over  the  old  market  house  on  Grand  and  Centre  streets. 
Brigadier-General  Charles  Yates  was  commandant.  General  Arthur 
had  been  a  member  of  his  staff. 

In  the  autumn  of  1861  there  were  established  branch  depots  at 
Binghamton,  Boonville,  Buffalo,  Cherry  Valley,  Cortland,  Deposit, 
Geneseo,  Hancock,  Kingston,  Le  Roy,  Lyons,  Malone,  Ogdens- 
burg,  Oswego,  Plattsburgh,  Potsdam,  Rochester,  Sackets  Harbor, 
Syracuse  and  Troy. 

The  three  principal  depots  were  used  for  the  first  levy,  and  these 
and  the  branch  depots  for  the  second  levy. 

The  depot  at  New  York  had  from  the  first  many  places  for  ren 
dezvous,  among  which  were  the  Park  barracks,  the  Battery  bar 
racks,  No.  632  Broadway  and  other  buildings  in  the  city  used  tem 
porarily;  Camps  Scott,  Washington,  Arthur,  Decker,,  Peissner  and 
Quarantine,  in  the  towns  of  Castleton  and  New  Brighton,  Staten 
Island;  on  which  also  were  camps  at  New  Dorp  and  Elm  Park. 
In  Brooklyn  there  were  camps  in  the  city  park  and  East  New  York, 
one  at  Flatbush,  and  on  the  Sound  at  Rikers,  South  Brothers  and 
Davids  islands,  at  Fort  Schuyler  and  Willets  Point,  and  at  Scars- 
dale,  Westchester  county. 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  155 

The  most  interesting  of  the  barracks  and  camps  in  the  State  was 
the  structure  built  in  New  York  city  in  April  and  May,  1861,  on 
the  truncated  triangle  forming  the  southern  part  of  the  City  Hall 
park,  now  occupied  in  part  by  the  post-office  building  and  Mail 
street.  It  was  known  as  the  Park  barracks,  and  was  in  constant 
use  until  its  demolition  after  the  war  in  1865.  It  was,  in  a  primitive 
way,  a  picturesque  building  of  wood,  and  the  fine  elm  trees  on  its 
site  were  carefully  preserved,  their  great  rugged  trunks  appearing 
inside  the  building  as  Druidical  columns  supporting  its  roof,  while 
from  without  were  seen  the  branches  shooting  high  above  the  edi 
fice,  giving  it  a  peculiarly  sylvan  aspect,  and  when  in  foliage  pro 
tecting  it  from  the  hot  sun. 

In  the  interior  were  spacious  apartments  for  offices,  kitchens, 
messrooms  and  for  sleeping  bunks  accommodating  a  thousand  men 
or  more.  The  main  entrance  was  at  the  north  end  on  Broadway. 
These  barracks  were  not  only  used  for  recruiting  purposes  in  the 
city,  but  were  also  a  convenient  shelter  for  regiments  passing 
through,  to  and  from  the  field,  and  this  use  was  not  confined  to  the 
regiments  of  this  State,  but  extended  to  those  of  all  the  New 
England  States.  As  to  these  latter,  there  were  special  organizations 
of  citizens,  natives  of  the  respective  States,  who  not  only  welcomed 
these  transient  regiments,  but  added  the  luxuries  of  the  season, 
usually  fruits  but  occasionally  ice  cream,  to  the  regular  rations  served 
in  the  messrooms.  Colonel  Frank  Howe,  who  was  military  repre 
sentative  of  Massachusetts,  may  be  remembered  by  old  city  resi 
dents  as  quite  conspicuous  on  these  occasions.  He  had  a  great 
penchant  for  exhibiting  his  tall  and  rather  handsome  person  and 
having  his  "  doings  "  prominently  chronicled  in  the  papers. 

Special  welcome  was  given  to  the  embrowned  and  tattered  mem 
bers  of  the  shrunken  regiments  returning  at  the  expiration  of  their 


156  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

enlistment,  the  first  of  these  being  those  of  our  first  levy.  Isolated 
soldiers  on  leave  found  a  temporary  asylum  here,  but  in  April,  1863, 
a  spacious  "  home  "  for  these  was  established  by  the  State  in  two 
five-story  warehouses,  Nos.  50  and  52  Howard  street,  and  the  adjoin 
ing  building,  No.  16  Mercer  street,  which  were  comfortably  fitted 
with  all  the  appliances  of  a  hotel,  and  where  soldiers,  without  regard 
to  their  State,  obtained  without  expense  lodging,  meals  and  other 
conveniences,  including  special  attention  to  the  wounded  and  sick. 
This  house  remained  open  until  the  close  of  the  war. 

The  Park  barracks  are  associated  with  many  memories  of  the 
war  times  in  the  minds  of  all  those  who  had  a  part  in  the  State  mil 
itary  establishment  and  of  the  thousands  of  veterans  who  were 
accommodated  there,  as  also  of  old  citizens  who  recall  the  many 
incidents  connected  with  that  quaint  building.  It  is  to  be  regretted 
that  the  city  has  no  painting  of  the  Park  barracks  as  a  memento 
of  those  exciting  times,  and  also  of  the  patriotic  endeavors  and 
public  spirit  of  its  citizens,  and  as  a  preservative  of  the  scene  where 
they  gave  welcome  and  God-speed  to  so  many  soldiers  of  this  and 
other  States.  Yet  why  could  we  expect  any  such  sentimental  con 
siderations  by  a  city  that  subsequently  relinquished  this  site  to 
the  United  States  for  a  paltry  sum  and  the  erection  of  an  architectu 
ral  monstrosity  on  it,  and  so  mutilating  our  municipal  park  from 
every  point  of  view,  and  contracting  a  space  not  only  valuable  in 
a  sanitary  sense,  but  also  as  a  part  of  the  open  area  or  common 
connected  with  our  civil  life  and  annals  for  two  and  a  half  centuries? 

The  wooden  barracks  erected  in  the  Battery  park  were  of  smaller 
dimensions  and  less  importance,  though  very  useful. 

In  1861  the  bark  "  Kate  Stamler/'  anchored  in  New  York,  was 
used  as  a  rendezvous  for  recruits  for  the  "  marine  artillery."* 

*  See  page  57. 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  157 

At  Plattsburgh  were  used  the  United  States  barracks  on  the  Lake 
Champlain  bluff,  south  of  the  town,  which,  having  accommodations 
for  two  companies  only,  were  supplemented  by  temporary  additions 
made  by  the  State. 

The  regimental  camps  for  the  third  levy  and  the  regiments,  etc. 
(infantry  when  not  otherwise  specified),  that  were  organized  at  them 
were  as  follows: 

Albany,  One  Hundred  and  Thirteenth  Regiment — two  inde 
pendent  companies; 

Auburn,  One  Hundred  and  Eleventh,  One  Hundred  and  Thirty- 
eighth  and  One  Hundred  and  Sixtieth  Regiments; 

Brooklyn,  One  Hundred  and  Thirty-ninth,  One  Hundred  and 
Fifty-eighth  and  One  Hundred  and  Fifty-ninth  Regiments; 

Binghamton,  One  Hundred  and  Ninth  and  One  Hundred  and 
Thirty-seventh  Regiments; 

Buffalo,  One  Hundred  and  Sixteenth  and  One  Hundred  and 
Fifty-fifth  Regiments  and  one  battery  of  artillery; 

Delhi,  One  Hundred  and  Forty-fourth  Regiment; 

Elmira,  One  Hundred  and  Seventh,  One  Hundred  and  Forty-first 
and  One  Hundred  and  Sixty-first  Regiments; 

Fonda,  One  Hundred  and  Fifteenth  and  One  Hundred  and  Fifty- 
third  Regiments; 

Geneva,  One  Hundred  and  Twenty-sixth  and  One  Hundred  and 
Forty-eighth  Regiments; 

Goshen,  One  Hundred  and  Twenty-fourth  Regiment; 

Hamilton,  One  Hundred  and  Fifty-seventh  Regiment; 

Hudson,  One  Hundred  and  Twenty-eighth  Regiment; 

Jamestown,  One  Hundred  and  Twelfth  and  One  Hundred  and 
Fifty-fourth  Regiments ; 

Kingston,  One  Hundred  and  Twentieth  and  One  Hundred  and 
Fifty-sixth  Regiments; 


158  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

Lockport,  One  Hundred  and  Twenty-ninth  and  One  Hundred  and 
Fifty-first  Regiments  and  four  batteries  of  artillery; 

Mohawk,  One  Hundred  and  Twenty-first  and  One  Hundred  and 
Fifty-second  Regiments; 

Monticello,  One  Hundred  and  Forty-third  Regiment; 

New  York,  One  Hundred  and  Nineteenth,  One  Hundred  and 
Twenty-seventh,  One  Hundred  and  Thirty-first,  One  Hundred  and 
Thirty-second,  One  Hundred  and  Thirty-third,  One  Hundred 
and  Forty-fifth,  One  Hundred  and  Sixty-second,  One  Hundred  and 
Sixty-third,  One  Hundred  and  Sixty-fourth,  One  Hundred  and  Sev 
entieth,  One  Hundred  and  Seventy-first  and  One  Hundred  and 
Seventy-third  Regiments  ;* 

Norwich,  One  Hundred  and  Fourteenth  Regiment; 

Ogdensburg,  One  Hundred  and  Sixth  and  One  Hundred  and 
Forty-second  Regiments ; 

Oswego,  One  Hundred  and  Tenth  and  One  Hundred  and  Forty- 
seventh  Regiments  and  one  battery  of  artillery; 

Plattsburgh,  One  Hundred  and  Eighteenth  Regiment; 

Portage,  One  Hundred  and  Thirtieth  and  One  Hundred  and 
Thirty-sixth  Regiments ; 

Poughkeepsie,  One  Hundred  and  Fiftieth  Regiment; 

Rochester,  One  Hundred  and  Eighth  and  One  Hundred  and  For 
tieth  Regiments  and  two  batteries  of  artillery ; 

Rome,  One  Hundred  and  Seventeenth  and  One  Hundred  and 
Forty-sixth  Regiments; 

Salem,  One  Hundred  and  Twenty-third  Regiment; 

*  While  these  regiments  were  finally  organized  in  and  around  New  York, 
their  component  parts  should  be  credited  to  other  localities  for  the  most 
part.  They  were  partially  formed  of  companies  raised  elsewhere  and  con 
solidated  in  New  York,  but  it  would  be  difficult  to  give  the  proper  credits 
now. 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  159 

Sackets  Harbor,  four  battalions  of  artillery; 

Stapleton,  S.  I.,  One  Hundred  and  Seventy-fifth  Regiment; 

Syracuse,  One  Hundred  and  Twenty-second  and  One  Hundred 
and  Forty-ninth  Regiments; 

Troy,  One  Hundred  and  Twenty-fifth  and  One  Hundred  and 
Sixty-ninth  Regiments; 

Yonkers,  One  Hundred  and  Thirty-fifth  and  One  Hundred  and 
Seventy-second  regiments; 

At  most  of  these  camps  barracks,  mess  buildings,  etc.,  were 
erected  except  where  there  were  those  that  had  been  built  or  leased 
for  the  earlier  levies. 

The  military  storehouse  at  Albany  was  in  a  rented  warehouse  on 
Broadway  opposite  the  steamboat  landing.  Colonel  Isaac  Vander- 
pool  was  the  military  storekeeper. 

At  the  Elmira  depot  Brigadier-General  Robert  B.  Van  Valken- 
burgh  (N.  Y.  Militia)  was  commandant,  with  headquarters  in  two 
storehouses  on  Baldwin  street  back  of  the  (then)  Brainerd  House. 
The  military  storehouse  was  a  part  of  the  same  buildings,  under 
charge  of  Colonel  C.  C.  B.  Walker. 

Early  in  May,  1861,  orders  were  received  from  Albany  to  prepare 
for  the  reception  of  ten  companies  of  the  first  levy,  but  forty  arrived 
almost  simultaneously;  a  part  of  this  unexpected  muster  was  quar 
tered  in  a  building  recently  erected  for  a  barrel  factory  and  there 
after  used  and  known  as  Barracks  No.  I,  and  the  remainder  tem 
porarily  quartered  in  churches,  etc.,  until  rented  lodgings  could  be 
procured.  Commodious  barracks  were  later  built  on  the  banks  of 
the  Chemung  river,  east  of  the  city,  and  used  for  all  the  levies,  and 
in  1863-64  were  occupied  by  the  Confederate  prisoners  collected  at 
Elmira  under  the  general  supervision  of  Colonel  Benjamin  F.  Tracy, 
One  Hundred  and  Ninth  Regiment,  Volunteer  Infantry. 


ioo  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

General  Van  Valkenburgh's  assistant  adjutant-general  was  Cap 
tain  William  Rumsey,  who  resigned  in  August,  1861,  to  take  the 
adjutancy  of  the  First  Regiment  New  York  Artillery,  and  has  been 
a  judge  of  the  Supreme  Court — 1881  to  1901.  He  was  succeeded 
by  Captain  Ira  Davenport,  who  was  State  Senator  1 880-81  and 
State  Comptroller  1882-83.  General  Van  Valkenburgh  was  com 
missioned  colonel  of  the  One  Hundred  and  Seventh  Regiment 
Volunteer  Infantry  in  September,  1862,  being  then  a  member  of 
Congress,  as  was  also  Alexander  S.  Diven,  who  was  lieutenant- 
colonel  of  the  same  regiment  and  its  colonel  after  October  21,  1862. 
General  Van  Valkenburgh  served  two  terms  in  Congress  and  was 
United  States  minister  to  Japan  1866-70.  Colonel  Diven  was  assist 
ant  United  States  provost-marshal-general  in  1863-64  in  charge  of 
the  conscription  in  this  State. 

Colonel  Elliott  F.  Shepard  became  commandant  of  the  Elmira 
depot  in  September,  1862. 

At  New  York  General  Arthur,  in  the  early  part  of  May,  1861, 
secured  a  new  warehouse  at  51  Walker  street,  which,  with  its  novel 
iron  front  and  four  stories,  was  conspicuous  in  a  block  of  old-time 
low  buildings.  The  military  stores  were  received  here,  issued  to 
regiments  in  the  vicinity  and  shipped  to  the  other  military  stores. 
The  building  was  spacious,  occupying  about  all  of  the  lot,  and  in 
(lie  ii|>]x  i  stories  were  offices  i«  »r  ilu-  <lrp;iriiiu-in>  <>\  the  <|iiarur- 
master  and  inspector  generals  and  the  auditing  boards.  It  was  the 
center  of  vast  activities  in  the  exigent  period  when  60,000  recruits 
were  fitted  out  in  July  and  August,  and  was  not  abandoned  until 
May  i,  1865. 

The  State  ordnance  department  was  administered  in  the  new 
State  arsenal  on  the  northeast  corner  of  Seventh  avenue  and  Thirty- 
fifth  street.  It  had  recently  replaced  the  old  arsenal  in  Central 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  161 

park,  facing  Fifth  avenue  at  Sixty-fourth  street,  since  occupied  by 
the  park  department  and  surrounded  by  the  menagerie  buildings. 
In  the  new  arsenal  were  stored  cannon,  small  arms  and  their  accou 
trements  and  a  certain  amount  of  cartridges.  It  was  invested  by 
the  rioters  in  July,  1863,  and  became  one  of  the  principal  points  of 
concern  in  those  perilous  days,  since  the  capture  of  its  arms  and 
ammunition  would,  under  the  grave  condition  of  affairs,  have  made 
the  mob  invincible. 
II 


1 62 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 


Colonels  of  New  York  Volunteer  Regiments  Promoted   by  the 
President  to  be  Brigadier-Generals  of  United  States  Volunteers. 


NAME. 


Michael  Corcoran 

Henry  W .    Slocurn 

Louis  Blenker 

Abraham  Duryea 

Daniel  E.  Sickles 

Daniel  Butiei field 

Isaac  I.  Stevens 

Julius  Stahel 

Thomas  A.  Da  vies 

Isaac  F.  Quinby 

James  H.  Van  Alen 

Max  Weber 

George  S.  Greene 

John  Cochrane 

Joseph  B.  Carr 

Joseph  J.  Bartlett 

Nelson  Taylor 

Edward  Ferrero 

Adolph  Von  Steinwehr 

Calvin  E.  Pratt 

Francis  C.  Barlow 

Gouverneur  K.  Warren 

J.  H.  Hobart  Ward 

Charles  C.  Dodge 

Lewis  C.  Hunt 

William  Dwight,  Jr 

Wladimir  Kryzanowski 

James  H.  Ledlie 

Daniel  Ullman 

Francis  L.  Vint  on 

Robert  B.  Potter 

Charles  K.  Graham 

William  H.  Morris 

Gustavus  A.  De  Russy 

Samuel  K.  Zook 

Alexander  Shaler 

Judson  Kilpatrick 

Alfred  N.  Duffle 

Edward  P.  Chapin 

Kenner  Garrard 

James  C.  Rice 

Henry  E.  Davies 

Regis  De  Trobriand 

Nelson  A.  Miles 

Emory  Upton 

Daniel  D.  Bidwell 

Thomas  W.  Egan . 
Wm.  H.Seward,  Jr 

Alfred  Gibbs 

N.  Martin  Curtis . . 
Thomas  C.  Devin.. 

John  H.  Ketcham 

Patrick  H.  Jones 

Joseph  E.  Hamblin. . .  . 

Henry  A.  Barnum 

Charles  H.  Van  Wyck.. 
William  B.  Tibbitts.. . . 
Morgan  H.  Chrysler .  .  . 


Colonel  of 


Date  of  rank. 


69th  Militia 

27th  Regiment  Infantry 

8th  Regiment  Infantry 

5th  Regiment  Infantry 

70th  Regiment  Infantry 

l''m  i\.  Y.  tst?te  Militia 

79th  Regiment  Infantry 

8th  Regiment  Infantry 

16th  Regiment  Infantry 

13th  Regiment  Infantry 

3d  Regiment  Cavalry 

20th  Regiment  Infantry 

60th  Regiment  Infantry 

65th  Regiment  Infantry 

2d  Regiment  Infantry 

27th  Regiment  Infantry 

72d  Regiment  Infantry 

51st  Regiment  Infantry 

29th  Regiment  Infantry 

31st  Regiment  Infantry 

61st  Regiment  Infantry 

5th  Regiment  Infantry 

38th  Regiment  Infantry ...... 

1st  Regiment  Mounted  Rifles. 

92d  Regiment  Infantry 

70th  Regiment  Infantry 

58th  Regiment  Infantry 

3d  Regiment  Artillery 

78th  Regiment  Infantry 

43d  Regiment  Infantry 

51st  Regiment  Infantry 

74th  Regiment  Infantry 

6th  Regiment  Artillery 

4th  Regiment  Artillery 

57th  Regiment  Infantry 

65th  Regiment  Infantry 

2d  Regiment  Cavalry 

(Maj9rt  2d  Cavalry 

116th  Regiment  Infantry 

146th  Regiment  Infantry 

44th  Regiment  Infantry 

2d  Regiment  Cavalry 

38th  Regiment  Infantry 

61st  Regiment  Infantry 

121st  Regiment  Infantry 

49th  Regiment  Infantry 

40th  Regiment  Infantry 

9th  Regiment  Artillery 

1st  Regiment  Dragoons 

142d  Regiment  Infantry 

6th  Regiment  Cavalry 

150th  Regiment  Infantry 

154th  Regiment  Infantry 

65th  Regiment  Infantry 

149th  Regiment  Infantry 

56th  Regiment  Infantry 

21st  Regiment  Cavalry 

2d    Veteran  Cavalry 


July 
August 
August 
August 


21,  1861 
9,  1861 
9,  1861 

31, 1861 


September  3,  1861 
September  7,  1861 
September  28,  1861 
November  12,  1861 


7,  1862 
17,  1862 
15,  1862 
28,  1862 
28,  1862 
17, 1862 
29, 1862 


March 

March 

April 

April 

April 

July 

August 

September    4,  1862 

September    9,  1862 

September  10,  1862 

September  12,  1862 

September  13,  1862 

September  19,  1862 

September  26,  1862 

October         4,  1862 

November  29,  1862 

November  29,  1862 

November  29,  1862 

November  29,  1862 

December     4,  1862 

January       13,  1863 


March 

March 

March 

April 

May 

May 

May 

June 

June 

June 

July 

August 

September  16,  1863 

January         5,  1864 

May  12,  1864 

July  4,  1864 

August         11,  1864 

September    2,  1864 

October         4,  1864 

December 

January 

March 

April 

May 

May 

May 

September  27,  1865 

October       28,  1865 

November  11.  1865 


13, 1863 
13, 1863 
15,  1863 
2, 1863 
23,  1863 

23,  1863 
26, 1863 
13,  1863 

24,  1863 
27,  1863 
23,  1863 
17,  1863 


8,  1864 

24, 1865 

13, 1865 

1,  1865 

9, 1865 

19, 1865 

31, 1865 


NOTES. — Many  of  these  brigadier-generals  were  subsequently 
appointed  major-generals  of  volunteers  and  some  entered  the  Reg 
ular  Army.  Three  generals  were  appointed  from  the  Second  Cav 
alry  and  the  Sixty-fifth  Infantry,  and  two  from  each  of  the  following 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  163 

regiments:  Fifth,  Eighth,  Twenty-seventh,  Fifty-first,  Sixty-first 
and  Seventieth  Infantry. 

General  Slocum,  a  West  Pointer,  participated  in  all  the  battles  of 
the  East  up  to  the  fight  at  Gettysburg,  where  he  commanded  the 
right  wing  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  Subsequently  was  trans 
ferred  to  the  western  army,  where  he  commanded  the  twentieth 
corps ;  the  army  of  Georgia  and  the  left  wing  of  Sherman's  army  on 
its  march  to  the  sea  through  Carolina.  For  a  detailed  sketch  of 
General  Slocum  and  General  Sickles  see  Second  Annual  Report  of 
the  State  Historian,  pages  29-34.  General  Slocum  died  nth  of 
April,  1894. 

General  Thomas  A.  Davies  was  a  graduate  of  West  Point  of  the 
class  of  1829;  was  assigned  to  the  First  Infantry,  but  resigned  in 
1831  to  practice  civil  engineering  in  the  city  of  New  York.  At  the 
outbreak  of  the  war  he  was  in  business  in  that  city  and  was  assigned 
to  the  Sixteenth  New  York  Volunteers  as  colonel.  He  was  made 
brigadier-general  March  7,  1862,  and  participated  in  the  Mississippi 
campaign;  from  1862  to  June,  1865,  was  in  command  of  departments 
in  the  West  and  Northwest.  He  died  near  Ogdensburg  I9th  of 
August,  1899. 

General  John  Cochrane  was  descended  from  revolutionary  stock, 
his  grandfather  being  surgeon-general  of  the  Continental  Army. 
John  Cochrane  was  surveyor  of  the  port  of  New  York,  1853.  He 
was  a  member  of  Congress,  1857-61,  brigadier-general,  1864-65,  and 
died  the  7th  of  February,  1898. 

General  Carr  attained  high  distinction  during  the  war  for  his  mili 
tary  ability.  He  was  Secretary  of  State,  1880-86,  and  died  at  Troy, 
N.  Y.,  the  24th  of  February,  1895. 

General  Bartlett  was  regarded  as  one  of  the  best  dressed  officers 
in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac;  was  minister  to  Sweden  in  1867;  sub- 


164  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

sequently  commissioner  of  pensions;  died  at  Baltimore  the  I4th  of 
January,  1893. 

General  Pratt  was  another  officer  very  highly  regarded  in  the  vol 
unteer  service;  he  occupied  a  seat  on  the  Supreme  Court  bench  in 
Kings  county  from  1870  to  his  death,  August  3,  1898. 

General  Barlow,  one  of  the  youngest  generals  in  the  army,  and 
severely  wounded  in  the  battles  of  Antietam  and  Gettysburg,  was 
Secretary  of  State,  1866-67,  and  Attorney-General,  1872-73;  died 
nth  of  January,  1896. 

General  Warren,  a  West  Point  graduate,  held  important  com 
mands  during  the  war;  for  a  detailed  sketch  of  General  Warren  see 
Second  Annual  Report  of  the  State  Historian,  pages  38-45. 

General  Ward  was  State  commissary-general,  1856-60. 

General  Dodge  was  a  son  of  William  E.  Dodge,  the  well  known 
merchant  and  philanthropist  of  New  York  city;  after  the  war  prac 
ticed  his  profession  of  the  law  in  the  western  part  of  New  York  and 
was  promoted  to  the  bench  and  established  a  reputation  of  a  great 
jurist. 

General  Ullman  was  the  nominee  of  the  "  Know-Nothing  "  party 
for  Governor  in  1854. 

General  Vinton  was  a  graduate  of  West  Point  and  member  of  a 
well  known  military  family,  his  father  having  been  killed  in  the  Mex 
ican  war. 

General  Potter  was  a  son  of  Bishop  Alonzo  Potter  of  Pennsylvania 
and  brother  of  Bishop  Henry  C.  Potter  of  New  York. 

General  Graham  was  surveyor  of  the  port  of  New  York,  1878-83, 
and  naval  officer  of  same,  1883-85;  died  the  I5th  of  April,  1889. 

General  Morris  was  a  West  Point  graduate  and  son  of  George  P. 
Morris,  a  writer  of  some  repute  and  author  of  "  Woodman,  Spare 
that  Tree  ",  etc.  See  page  104  for  biography. 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION  SERIES.  165 

General  Kilpatrick  became  one  of  the  leading  cavalry  generals  of 
the  war  and  subsequently  minister  resident  to  Chili;  died  at  Val 
paraiso  the  4th  of  December,  1881. 

General  George  S.  Greene  was  born  in  Rhode  Island,  graduated 
No.  2  in  the  West  Point  class  of  1823.  He  was  a  distinguished 
officer  during  the  War  of  the  Rebellion.  For  several  years  before 
his  death  he  was  the  oldest  surviving  graduate  of  the  West  Point 
academy.  He  died  at  Morristown,  N.  J.,  January  28,  1899.  For  a 
detailed  sketch  of  General  Greene's  life,  see  Second  Annual  Report 
of  the  State  Historian,  pages  53-56. 

General  Charles  H.  Van  Wyck,  a  native  of  Poughkeepsie,  entered 
the  Union  Army  as  colonel  of  the  Tenth  Legion  of  the  Fifty-sixth 
N.  Y.  Volunteers  and  commanded  it  throughout  the  war.  He  was 
elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth,  Thirty-seventh,  Fortieth  and  Forty-first 
Congress  from  the  Orange  county  district;  removed  to  Nebraska 
and  subsequently  served  that  State  in  the  United  States  Senate. 

General  H.  E.  Davies,  son  of  Judge  H.  E.  Davies,  Court  of 
Appeals. 

General  Miles  has  gradually  risen  to  his  present  position  of  lieu 
tenant-general  U.  S.  A. 

General  Upton  was  a  graduate  of  West  Point  and  published  imme 
diately  after  the  war  a  treatise  on  military  tactics  which  took  the 
place  of  the  previous  "  Hardee  Tactics  " ;  while  in  command  of  the 
Presidio  at  San  Francisco  his  mind  became  affected,  and  during  a 
temporary  aberration  he  took  his  life  on  March  4th,  1881. 

General  Seward  is  son  of  the  great  New  York  statesman,  William 
H.  Seward,  and  is  a  prominent  banker  of  Auburn,  N.  Y. 

General  N.  Martin  Curtis,  member  of  Congress  for  several  terms; 
member  of  Assembly  several  terms;  resident  of  Ogdensburg,  N.  Y. 

General  Jones,  postmaster  New  York  city,  1869-73;  register  of 
New  York  city,  1868-69,  l  &74~77- 


166  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

General  Barnum,  inspector  of  prisons,  1866-69;  member  of 
Assembly,  1885;  died  in  New  York  city  2Qth  January,  1892. 

General  John  Henry  Ketcham  was  born  at  Dover,  N.  Y.,  Decem 
ber  21,  1832;  member  of  Assembly  in  1856,  1857;  State  Senator, 
1860,  1861 ;  member  of  the  war  committee  for  his  senatorial  district; 
resigned  from  the  army  March,  1865,  to  take  a  seat  in  Congress; 
was  elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth,  Fortieth,  Forty-first,  Forty-second, 
Forty-fifth,  Forty-sixth,  Forty-seventh,  Forty-eighth,  Forty-ninth, 
Fiftieth,  Fifty-first,  Fifty-second,  Fifty-fifth,  Fifty-sixth  and  Fifty- 
seventh  Congresses;  received  the  title  of  major  general  by  brevet. 

The  general  officers  from  this  State  who  were  killed  in  action  or 
died  while  in  the  service  were : 

General  Isaac  I.  Stevens,  killed  in  action  at  Chantilly  Septem 
ber  I,  1862; 

General  Edwin  V.  Sumner,  died  at  Syracuse  March  21,  1863; 

General  Chapin,  killed  in  action  at  Port  Hudson  May  27,  1863; 

General  Samuel  K.  Zook,  killed  in  action  at  Gettysburg  July  2, 
1863; 

General  Michael  Corcoran,  died  December  22,  1863; 

General  James  C.  Rice,  killed  in  action  in  the  Wilderness  May  10, 
1864; 

General  James  S.  Wadsworth,  died  of  wounds  received  in  the  bat 
tle  of  the  Wilderness  May  8,  1864; 

General  David  A.  Russell,  killed  in  action  at  the  battle  of  Opequon 
September  19,  1864; 

General  Bidwell,  killed  at  the  battle  of  Cedar  Creek  October 
19,  1864. 


APPENDIX  C 


THE  DEFENSES  OF  NEW  YORK. 


THE  war  with  Spain,  which  was  officially  declared  April  21,  i< 
threw  this  country  forward  ten  years  in  the  matter  of  strength 
ening  coast  defenses.  Up  to  the  time  of  the  sinking  of  the  Maine, 
Congress  had  displayed  not  only  a  most  parsimonious  but  a  most  in 
different  policy  regarding  our  national  defenses.  The  importance  of 
providing  suitable  armament  and  of  adequate  forces  for  the  protec 
tion  of  our  great  seaport  towns  was  overlooked  and  disregarded  to 
a  degree  that  was  next  door  to  criminal.  Army  and  naval  experts 
for  years  had  declared  in  interviews,  in  the  public  press,  in  maga 
zines  and  in  official  reports  that  the  next  war  would  fall  upon  us 
suddenly  and  would  be  decided  before  we  were  in  a  state  of  pre 
paredness.  Predictions  were  frequently  heard  from  coolheaded  and 
able  generals  that  a  declaration  of  war  would  be  followed  immedi 
ately  by  the  appearance  of  a  hostile  fleet  in  the  harbors  of  New  York, 
Boston,  Washington  or  San  Francisco.  Military  students  and 
observers  were  keenly  alive  to  the  appalling  dangers  that  threatened 
our  country,  for  it  was  a  recognized  fact  that,  unlike  all  previous 
wars  where  troops  could  be  precipitately  thrown  together  and  mobil 
ized  while  their  equipment,  guns  and  ammunition  were  being  manu 
factured  for  them,  years  of  preparation  were  necessary  in  the  con- 

*  See  page  88. 


i68  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  HISTORIAN. 

struction  of  modern  ammunition,  modern  ordnance  and  the 
instruction  necessary  for  the  soldier  to  handle  the  implements  of 
warfare  as  conducted  to-day. 

As  has  been  usual  at  every  crisis  in  the  history  of  this  country, 
Congress  displayed  its  hysterical  spasm  of  patriotism  and  promptly 
voted  an  emergency  fund  of  fifty  million  of  dollars  to  be  used  by  the 
President  in  pitching  the  country  into  a  state  of  defense  by  land  and 
sea. 

Under  the  distribution  of  this  fund,  the  different  departments  of 
the  army  and  navy  entrusted  with  the  severe  responsibilities  so  sud 
denly  thrust  upon  them  worked  with  an  energy  and  accomplished 
results  in  a  short  space  of  time  that  aroused  the  admiration  of  the 
entire  country.  Not  only  was  New  York  harbor  speedily  converted 
into  a  fortress  that  was  almost  impregnable,  but  the  work  of  develop 
ment  has  progressed  until  to-day  it  could  successfully  withstand 
an  assault  from  any  one  of  the  great  European  powers.  The  works 
at  Sandy  Hook,  now  called  Fort  Hancock,  at  the  Narrows,  at  the 
eastern  extremity  of  Long  Island,  at  Throgs  Neck  and  Willets 
Point,  are  mounted  with  the  heaviest  and  most  effective  siege  guns 
manufactured,  together  with  batteries  of  1 2-inch  mortars  and  sec 
ondary  batteries  of  rapid-fire  guns.  The  heaviest  caliber  guns  are 
mounted  on  disappearing  gun  carriages,  and  are  invisible,  except 
for  the  few  seconds'  exposure  in  firing,  from  a  vessel  approaching 
the  coast.  To-day  New  York  city  is  in  better  shape  to  meet  an 
armed  host  from  the  sea  or  by  land  than  at  any  time  in  the  history 
of  the  country.  The  work  is  still  progressing. 

STATE  HISTORIAN. 


INDEX. 


A.  PAGE 

Absenteeism    90 

Accounts: 

auditor  of 25 

adjustment  of  50 

audited  in  inspector  general's  office 61 

for  supplies,  settlement  of 144 

Adjutant  general's  headquarters 16 

Agnew,  Dr.  Cornelius,  mentioned 3 

Albany,  troops  in 24 

Allen,  William  H.,  colonel t 138 

Allotment  of  part  of  privates'  pay 53,  136,  147-151 

Amsberg,  George  von,  colonel 47 

Anthon,  William  Henry,  judge  advocate  general 14 

drafts  the  National  Guard  law 80 

discusses  it  before  legislative  committees 81 

attempts  to  enforce  compulsory  service 119 

in  charge  of  draft  in  New  York  and  Kings  counties 123,  124 

characteristics   146 

mentioned    143 

Antietam,  Md.,  battle  of 1 12,  130 

Appropriation  of  funds  for  the  war 82,  134 

Arden,  Thomas  B.,  colonel,  succeeds  Edmund  Schriver  as  aide-de-camp, 

sketch  of  his  life 55 

assistant  paymaster  general 107 

Arms: 

difficulty  in  obtaining.  / 21,     82 

purchased    .' 22,     83 

Arthur,  Chester  Alan,  engineer-in-chief 14,  18,  20,  55,     72 

becomes  inspector  general 78^-90 

quartermaster  general  96 

embarrassed  by  United  States  officers  to  fill  requisitions 102 


170  INDEX. 

PAGE 

Arthur,  Chester  Alan,  his  overwhelming  duties 113 

his  administrative  abilities 145,   160 

mentioned. 139,  142,  143,   153,  154 

Artillery: 

in  1861  n,     45 

attempts  to  raise 23 

remanded  to  State  authority 48 

in  1862 60,     84 

in   October,   1862 117,  126 

in  December,  1862 v 127 

turned  over  to  General  Banks 131 

infantry  regiments  converted  into 132 

raised  after  December,  1862 133 

in  1861  and  1862 133 

Auditing  board,  final  report 143 

Auditor  of  accounts 25 

Augur,  Christopher  C,  general 28 

B. 
Bailey,  Guilford  R.,  colonel  of  the  Second  Regiment  of  Artillery,  killed 

at  Fair  Oaks,  Va 59 

Baker,    Edward    Dickenson,    killed   at    Balls    Bluff,    Va.,    sketch   of    his 

life    49,  63,  64 

Balls  Bluff,  Va.,  engagement  at 49,  63 

Banks,  Nathaniel  P.,  Union  general 89 

defeated  at  Cedar  Mountain,  Va 106 

relieves  General  Butler  at  New  Orleans 131 

Barlow,   Francis  Channing,  brigadier  general 162,  164 

Barnard,  John  G.,  United  States  engineers 70 

Barnum,  Henry  A.,  brigadier  general 162,  166 

Barracks    103,   153-161 

Bartlett,  Joseph  J.,  brigadier  general.- 162.  163,  164 

Beadle,  Tracy,  member  of  assembly 77 

Beaufort,  S.  C,  capture  of 68 

Beauregard,  Pierre  G.  T.,  confederate  general,  massing  his  forces  a  few 

miles  west  of  Washington,  D.  C 43 


INDEX.  171 

PAGE. 

Belmont,  Mo.,  battle  at 67 

Bendix,  John  E.,   colonel,  his  command,  the   Seventh  New   York,  fires 

into  the  Third  New  York  at  Big  Bethel,  Va 36 

Benedict,  Charles  L.,  United  States  district  judge 77 

Benton,  Nathaniel  S.,  canal  auditor 76 

Betge,  Robert  J.3  colonel 48 

Bidwell,  Daniel  D.,  brigadier  general 162 

killed  at  the  battle  of  Cedar  Creek,  Va 166 

Big  Bethel.  Va. : 

disaster  at 36 

force  engaged  at 45 

Black  Horse  Cavalry 59 

Blair,  Francis  Preston,  union  soldier 48 

Blankets : 

difficulty  in  obtaining 21 

requisition  for 96 

Blenker,  Louis,  colonel  and  brigadier  general 57,  65,  162 

Bliss,  George,  assistant  adjutant  general 64 

appointed  paymaster  general,  characteristics 107,  146 

his  endurance   109 

Bouchard,  Antoine,  mentioned -  106 

Bounties 54,  97,  107,  no,  118,  126,  134,  138 

"  Bowery  Boys  "  138 

Bradford,  Samuel  D.,  aide-de-camp 15 

Bradley,  John,  colonel,  State  agent  at  Washington,  D.  C 98,  99 

Bragg.  Braxton,  confederate  general,  wins  successes  in  the  west 132 

Brigadier  generals : 

depots  under  command  of 18 

appointment 32,  39,  46 

continued  in  command 49 

assistants 49 

list  of 162 

Bronson,  Theodore,  mentioned 148,  151 

Brooklyn,  riot  in 1 16 

Buckingham,  Charles,  mentioned 20 


172  INDEX. 

PAGE. 

Buckner,    Simon    Bolivar,    confederate    general,    proposes    to    surrender 

Fort  Donelson,  Tenn.,  to  General  Grant 85 

Bull  Run,  Va. : 

first  battle  of 43 

force  engaged  at 45 

second  battle no,  1 1 1 

Bullet  machine   22 

Burnham,  Frederick  G.,  assistant  paymaster  general 107 

Burnside,  Ambrose  E.,  general,  his  disaster  at  Fredericksburg,  Va 28 

expedition  to  Roanoke  Island,  N.  C 92 

assumes  command  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac 129,  132 

Burr,  James,  mentioned 153 

Burt,  Silas  W.,  urges  Governor  Morgan  to  prepare  history  of  his  second 

administration 3 

papers  lost  by  fire 3 

appointed  auditor  of  military  accounts 25 

appointed  assistant  inspector  general 81 

assigned  to  inspect  regimental  camps,  his  duties 99-110 

Busteed,  Richard,  brigadier  general 138-139 

Butler,  Benjamin  F.,  major  general  in  command  at  Newport  News,  Va.. .  36 

captures  Forts  Hatteras  and  Clark,  N.  C 62 

expedition  to  Ship  Island,  Miss 92 

"  contraband  of  war  " 1 16 

relieved  at  New  Orleans  by  General  Banks 131 

mentioned 138 

Butterfield,  Daniel,  brigadier  general 162 

C. 

Cameron,  James  Donald,  mentioned 14 

Cameron.  Simon,  secretary  of  war,  sketch  of  life 13-14 

controversy  with  state  authorities 27,  28,     35 

requests  the  states  to  withdraw  their  purchasing  agent  from  Europe. .     83 

Campbell,  Duncan,  colonel 16,  123 

Campbell,  Robert,  lieutenant  governor,  mentioned 14 

despatched  to  Washington 35 

Camps , 153-161 

inspection 98,  106 


INDEX.  173 

PAGE 

Camps  near  Albany 24 

Canals,  enlargement  of 78 

Carr,  Joseph  B?>  brigadier  general 162-163 

Carricks  Ford,  W.  Va.,  engagement  at 42 

Cavalry: 

in  1861 II 

attempts  to  raise 23 

remanded  to  state  authority 48 

hesitation  in  accepting 59 

nine  regiments  included  in  second  levy 59 

in  1862 ' 84 

December,  1862 127 

regiments  raised  after  December  31,  1862 133 

in  1861  and  1862 133 

Cawee,  George  R.,  adjutant 109 

Cedar  Mountain,  Va.,  battle  of 106 

Chapin,  Edward  P.,  brigadier  general 162 

killed  in  action  at  Port  Hudson,  La 166 

Chaplains  38 

Chartres,  due  de,  mentioned 69 

Chickahominy,  Va.,  losses  on oo 

Chrysler,  Morgan  H.,  brigadier  general 162 

Church,  Walter  S.,  colonel 115 

Clarke,  Henry  F 28 

Cochrane,  John,  brigadier  general 162,  163 

Cogswell,  Mason  F.,  Dr.,  examining  surgeon 135 

Cogswell,  Milton,  colonel 63 

Cold  Harbor,  Va 132 

Cooper,  Samuel,  adjutant  general,  C.  S.  A 17 

Copperheads 26,  33,  115,  116-117 

Corcoran,  Michael,  colonel,  captured  at  Bull  Run,  Va 134 

brigadier  general 162 

date  of  death 166 

Cornell,  Ezra,  member  of  assembly 77 

Cornwallis,  Lord,  mentioned 88 

Coster,  Charles  R.,  colonel 102 


i/4  INDEX. 

PAGE 

Cowles,  David  S.,  colonel 99 

killed  in  action  at  Port  Hudson,  La 105 

Crandell,  Levi,  lieutenant  colonel ,.„ 101 

Cromwell,  James,  major,  killed  at  Gettysburg 103 

Curtin,  Andrew  Gregg,  mentioned,  governor  of  Pennsylvania 27 

Curtis,  N.  Martin,  brigadier  general 162,  164 

D. 

Danforth,  George  E.,  brigadier  general,  mentioned 102 

Davenport,   Ira,   captain 160 

Davies,  Henry  E.,  judge  of  the  Court  of  Appeals,  mentioned 164 

Davies,  Henry  E.,  Jr.,  brigadier  general 162,  164 

Davies,  Thomas  A.,  brigadier  general 162,  163 

Davis,  Jefferson,  president  of  the  confederacy,  mentioned 112 

Defenses  of  New  York  city  and  state 70-75,  167-168 

Delafield,  Richard,  United  States  Engineers 23,  72 

supervises  the  contracts  for  and  the  construction  of  field  guns  for 

the  state  83 

Dennison,  William,  governor  of  Ohio 27 

Denniston,  Robert,  comptroller,  mentioned 6 

Dent,  Frederick  T.,  general 28 

Depew,  Chauncey  M.,  member  of  assembly 77 

D'Epineuil,  Lionel  J.,  colonel 47~48,  58 

Depots 18,   153-161 

De  Russy,  Gustavus  A.,  brigadier  general 162 

Deshon,  George,  mentioned 28 

Devin,  Thomas  C.,  brigadier  general 162 

Dickinson,  Daniel  S.,  elected  attorney  general.. 67,  76 

Diven,  Alexander  S.,  colonel 160 

Dix,  John  Adams,  appointed  major  general 32 

appointment  repudiated  by  the  national  government 33,  35 

appointed  major  general  of  volunteers  by  the  President 38 

Dodge,  Charles  C.,  brigadier  general 162,  164 

Dodge,  William  E.,  mentioned 164 

Dodge,  William  E.,  Jr.,  mentioned 148,  150,  151 

Donelson,  Fort,  Tenn.,  mentioned 85,  92 


INDEX.  175 

PAGE 

Dorsheimer,  Philip,  state  treasurer,  mentioned 14,     21 

visits  New  York  regiments  in  the  defenses  at  Washington 42 

refuses  to  surrender  his  office  to  his  successor 75~/6 

Douglas,   Stephen  A.,  mentioned 67 

Draft,  contemplated  1 18-126 

Drewrys  Bluff,  Va.,  repulse  of  fleet  at 89 

Duffie,  Alfred  N.,  brigadier  general 162 

Dupont,    Samuel    Francis,    commodore   in    command    of   Hilton    Head, 

S.  C.,  expedition 49,     68 

Duryea,  Abraham,  brigadier  general 162 

D'Utassy,  Frederick  George,  colonel 47 

Dvvight,  William,  Jr.,  brigadier  general 162 

E. 

Egan,  Thomas  W.,  brigadier  general 162 

Election: 

of  1861 /. 66-67 

of  1862 • 127 

Ellis,  A.  Van  Horn,  colonel 99 

killed  at  Gettysburg,  Pa 103 

Ellsworth,  Elmer  E.,  colonel,  mentioned 7 

in  command  of  Fire  Zouaves.  .• 29 

his  death  at  Alexandria,  Va .35-36 

the  "  Ellsworth  Avengers  " 58 

Emancipation    proclamation 114 

Engineers: 

regiments  of 60 

in  1862 84 

in  1861  and  1862 !33 

Enlistment,  term  of 15,  27,  30 

Ensign,  use  of  term ^  37 

Epineuil,  Lionel  J.  d',  colonel 47,  48,  58 

F. 
Fair  Oaks,  Va.,  battle  at 89 

Farragut,  David  Glasgow,  Union  naval  officer,  expedition  to  Ship  Island     92 
Ferrero,  Edward,  brigadier  general ifo 


176  INDEX. 

PAGE 

"  Fire  Zouaves  "  29,     35 

Floyd,  John  B.,  dismantles  northern  arsenals  while  secretary  of  war 21 

Fort  Clark,  N.  C ;". 62 

Fort  Donelson,  Tenn 85,     92 

Fort  Hatteras,  N.  C 62 

Fort  Henry,  Tenn 85,     92 

Fort  Jackson,  La 92 

Fort  St.  Philip,  La. . 92 

Franchot,  Richard,  colonel 105 

Franklin,  William  B.,  major  general,  sketch  of  life 28-29 

Fredericksburg,  Va.,  battle  of 132 

Free  states,  unprepared  condition 9 

Fremont,  John  Charles,  Union  general 89 

• 

Fry,  James  B.,  United  States  provost  marshal  general 141 

G. 

Garrard,  Keriner,  brigadier  general 162 

General  orders: 
STATE — 

No.  13,  providing  for  the  details  of  organization  for  the  seven 
teen  regiments  under  President  .Lincoln's  proclamation,  n,  12,     15 
No.  41,  organizing  the  first  division  of  New  York  state  volun 
teers  32,     33 

No.  62,  providing  for  inspection  of  the  camps 98 

No.  78,  for  a  regimental  organization  of  ten  companies  each  to 
conform  with  United  States  General  Orders  No.  15  for  the 

regular  army 45,  46,  53,     56 

UNITED  STATES — 

No.  15,  for  a  regimental  organization  of  ten  companies 45,     46 

United  States,  No.  31,  relative  to  the  organization  of  volunteers.     92 
United  States,  No.  47,  relative  to  the  examination  of  persons 

aspiring  for  commissions 56 

United  States,  No.  51,  disbarring  a  person  from  being  mustered 

in  as  an  officer  who  has  once  resigned 56 

United  States,  No.  52,  prescribing  the  details  of  enlistment 94 


INDEX.  177 

General  orders — (Continued). 

UNITED  STATES— (Continued).  PAGE 

United  States,  No.  58,  to  establish  camps  of  rendezvous  and  in 
struction  for  volunteers  near  New  York  and  Elmira  under 

regular  army  officers 49 

United  States,  Nos.  60  and  61,  to  crush  the  abuse  of  absenteeism.     90 
United  States,  No.  92,  creating  the  military  department  of  New 
York  under  the  command  of  Governor  Morgan,  who  was 
commissioned  major  general  of  volunteers  by  President  Lin 
coln  64 

United   States,   No.   99,   for  the  draft  of  300,000  nine   months 
militiamen  to  be  conducted  under  orders  of  the  governors  of 

the  several  states 102,  121,  122 

United  States,  No.  99,  McClellan's  congratulatory  order 67,     68 

United  States,  No.  105,  that  no  more  regiments,  batteries  or  in 
dependent  companies  were  to  be  raised  by  the  states  except 

upon  special  requisition 84,  1 1 1 

United  States,  No.  113,  relative  to  the  organization  of  volun 
teers  92 

Gibbs,  Alfred,  brigadier  general 162 

Gilsa,  Leopold  von,  colonel.- 47 

Goldsborough,  Louis  M.,  commodore  in  command  of  the  naval  expedi 
tion  to  Forts  Hatteras  and  Clark,  N.  C 62 

expedition  to  Roanoke  Island 92 ' 

Governor's  staff 1 1,  14,     55 

Governors,   convention  of 117 

Graham,  Charles  K.,  brigadier  general 162,  164 

Grant,  Ulysses  Simpson 28,     29 

wins  battle  of  Belmont,  Mo 67 

his  reply  to  General  Buckner's  proposal  to  surrender  Fort  Donelson.     85 

losses  in  the  Wilderness 132 

Gray,  John,  mentioned 20 

Gray,  Thomas  S.,  member  of  assembly 77 

Greble,  John  T.,  lieutenant  United  States  Army,  killed  at  Big  Bethel, 

Va 36 

sketch  of  his  life 36^37 

Greeley,  Horace,  mentioned 5 


178  INDEX. 

PAGE 

''  Greenbacks  "   108 

Greene,  George  S.,  brigadier  general 162 

oldest  surviving  West  Point  graduate 165 

Griswold,  John  A.,  colonel 101 

H. 

Halleck,  Henry  Wager,  major  general,  orders  heavy  artillery  regiments 

to  the  front 1312 

Hamilton,  Charles  S.,  general 28 

Hamblin,  Joseph  E.,  brigadier  general 162 

Hardie,  James  A.,  general 28 

Harrisons  Landing,  Va.,  retreat  to 93 

Haswell,  William  E.,  mentioned 24 

Head,  Edmund  Walker,  governor  general  of  Canada 22 

Headquarters 153 

Health,  of  soldiers 136 

Hillhouse,  Thomas,  adjutant  general .50,  61,  102 

recommends  a  militia  system  similar  to  that  of  Germany 119 

characteristics  145 

Hilton  Head,  S.  C.,  capture  of  forts  at. 49 

Hodges,  Henry  C.,  colonel,  assigned  to  equip  volunteer  organizations, 

sketch  of  his  life 55 

quartermaster  on  General  Governor  Morgan's  staff 96 

Horton,  Thomas  R.,  adjutant 109 

Howard,  William  A.,  colonel  of  "  Marine  Artillery  " 57,  58 

Howe,  Frank,  colonel,  military  representative  from  Massachusetts 155 

Hulburd,  Calvin  T.,  member  of  congress 77 

Hunt,  Lewis  C.,  brigadier  general 162 

Hunt,  Wilson  G.,  mentioned. 20 

Hunter,  David,  Union  general,  mentioned 149 

I. 

Iniantry: 

in  1861 IO 

first  levy n 

regiments  remanded  to  state  authority 47 


INDEX.  179 

Infantry — (Continued).  PAGE 

in  1862 84 

call  for  300,000  additional  volunteers 93 

regiments  in  October,  1862 117,  126 

regiments  in  December,  1862 127 

turned  over  to  General  Banks 131 

regiments  converted  into  heavy  artillery  regiments 131,  132 

in  1861  and  1862 133 

regiments  raised  after  December  31,  1862 133 

Ingalls,  Rufus,  general 28 

Inspection  of  camps 98,  106 

Inspector  general,  appointment  of  assistant 81 

J. 

Jackson,  Claiborne  F.,  governor  of  Missouri 48 

Jackson,  James  T.,  shoots  and  kills  Colonel  Ellsworth  at  the  Marshall 

House,   Alexandria,   Va 35-36 

Jackson,  Thomas  Jonathan  (Stonewall),  confederate  general,  mentioned.     89 

defeats  Banks  at  Cedar  Mountain,  Va 106 

Jackson,  William  A.,  inspector  general 14 

appointed  colonel  Eighteenth  New  York  Volunteer  Infantry 26 

Johnson,  Andrew,  mentioned 67,  139 

Jones,  Da^id  R.  Floyd,  secretary  of  state 14 

nominated  for  lieutenant  governor 127 

elected 128 

Jones,  Patrick  Henry,  brigadier  general 162,  165 

K. 

Kearny,  ''  Phil,"  general,  killed  at  Chantilly,  Va no 

Ketcham,  John  Henry,  brigadier  general 162,  166 

Kilpatrick,  Judson,  general  of  volunteers 60 

brigadier  general   162,  164 

King,  John  A.,  governor,  mentioned 146 

Kitching,  J.    Howard,  lieutenant  colonel  and  colonel,   dies   of  wounds 

received  in  action  (at  Cedar  Creek,  Va.,  October  19,  1864) 104 

Knowlton,  Thomas,  lieutenant  colonel,  mentioned 48 


180  INDEX. 

PAGE 

Kozlay,  Eugene  A.,  colonel 47 

Kryzanowski,  Wladimir,  colonel 47 

brigadier  general 162 

L. 

Ladue,  Albert,  sheriff !o6 

Laws  of  the  state: 

equipment  of  volunteer  militia n,  14 

pay  of  volunteers,  bounties 54 

army  ration 54 

new  militia  law 80,  119 

Ledlie,  James  H.,  brigadier  general 162 

Lee,  Robert  Edward,  confederate  general,  mentioned 64,  85  112,  130,  131 

Legislature: 

of  1861 ii 

of  1862 76 

exceptional  character 76-77 

Lewis,  William  B.,  state  treasurer,  succeeds  Philip  Dorsheimer 75,  76 

Lexington,  Mo.,  surrender  of 48,  62 

Lincoln,  Abraham,  President,  calls  into  service  75,ooo  militia 11 

makes  an  immediate  call  for  volunteers  after  Bull  Run 45 

orders  a  draft  of  300,000  militia 102 

issues  emancipation  proclamation 114 

mentioned 14,    in,    122,    129,   130,    139,  148 

Linsly,  John  H.,  military  secretary i 15 

appointed  aide-de-camp 64 

Lynch,  James,  captain,  elected  sheriff  of  New  York 44 

Lyon,  Nathaniel,  his  death  at  the  battle  of  Wilsons  Creek,  Mo.,  sketch 

of  his  life 48,  62 

M. 
McClellan,  George  Brinton,  major  general  in  command  of  Ohio  troops.     27 

alleged  discussion  of  his  friends 28 

successes  in  Virginia 42 

in  command  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac 62 

his  characteristics 65,  66,  130 


INDEX.  181 

PAGE. 

McClellan,  George  Brinton,  issues  a  congratulatory  order 67 

drilling  his  troops 84 

relieved  from  command 86 

reappointed  to  the  command  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac 112 

mentioned 68,  85,  88,  106,  129,  131,  133 

McCulloch,  Ben.,  confederate  general,  mentioned 48 

McDougall,  Archibald  L..  colonel,  dies  of  wounds  received  in  action  near 

Dallas,  Ga 101 

mentioned 107 

McDowell,  Irvin,  major  general  of  volunteers  at  Bull  Run 39 

concentrates  troops  about  Washington,  D.  C 42 

disciplining  his  troops  and  his  defeat  at  Bull  Run 43 

an  unjust  charge  exploded 65 

mentioned 89 

Magruder,  John  Bankhead,  commands  confederate  forces  at  Big  Bethel.  .  36 
Major  generals : 

appointed  by  governor 31 

appointment 32,  35,  38 

Malvcrn  Hill,  Va.,  battle  at 89 

Marcy,  Randolph  B.,  general  of  volunteers,  mentioned 68 

"  Marine  Artillery  " 57 

Mason,  James  M.,  confederate  agent  to  England 17,  69,  74 

Mass  meeting  in  Union  Square,  New  York  city 12 

Meade.  George  Gordon,  major  general,  United  States  Army,  mentioned..  17 

Merrimac,  fears  of  attack  from 133 

Merrimac  and  Monitor,  battle  of 87 

Miles,  Nelson  A.,  brigadier  general 162,  164 

Military  Department  of  New  York,  created 64 

Military  establishment,  clashing  with 51 

Military  supplies  20,  38 

Militia: 

first  levy 9~4O 

number  in  free  states  in  1861 9 

number  in  New  York  in  1861 9 

inefficient  in  1861 9 


1 82  INDEX. 

PAGE. 

Militia — (Continued) . 

authority  to  enroll,  muster  and  discharge  troops 14,  41-45,  95 

organization  15,  23 

election  of  officers 15,  34 

term  of  enlistment 15,  27,  30 

transportation 23 

complement  of  30,000  troops  organized 26 

instructed  in  drill  and  tactics 27,  50 

jurisdiction  of  general  and  state  governments 28,  33,  47 

appointment  of  officers 31,  46 

resignations  of  officers 31,  56 

officers  inefficient   32 

enlistment  of  first  regiments 35 

second  levy 41-86 

volunteer  regiments,  after  Bull  Run  disaster 45 

organization  of  additional  regiments 45 

payment  of  expenses 50,  52,  81,  107-109,  134 

regiments  of  foreigners 47,  53,  57 

pay  of  officers 53 

pay  of  privates 53 

allotment  of  privates'  pay 53,  136,  147,  151 

stimulating  enlistment 54 

discharges  of  enlisted  men  for  disability 56 

discharge  of  minors 56 

character  of  second  levy 56,  57 

number  on  April  i,  1862 61 

law  of  April  25,  1862 80,  119 

expenditures  controlled  by  the  United  States 81 

number  on  March  31,  1862 84 

third  levy 87,  146 

orders  for  enrollment  of  all  persons  liable  to  militia  duty 91 

call  for  300,000  volunteers 93,  102 

new  plan  of  recruitment 93 

rapidity  of  enlistments 98,  102 

in  service  October,  1862 118 

contemplated  draft 1 18-126 


INDEX.  183 

Militia — (Continued).  PAGE 

slackness  of  recruiting  in  the  great  cities 137 

character  of  regiments 138-139 

total  number  of  men  sent  to  the  field 140 

protest  against  injustice  to  true  veteran  soldiers 142 

consolidating  incomplete  companies  and  regiments 143 

Morgan,  Edwin  D.,  governor  of  New  York,  history  of  second  adminis 
tration  urged 3 

his  death 3 

characteristics    24-25.  144 

urges  organization  of  30,000  troops 26 

issues  proclamation  for  25,000  volunteers 45 

requests  that  the  West  Point  cadets  be  assigned  as  military  instruc 
tors  to  volunteer  regiments 5° 

issues  a  vigorous  proclamation 55 

appointed  major  general  of  volunteers  by  the  President 64 

his  daily  military  council 90 

nineteen  governors  of  loyal  states  call  upon  the  President  for  addi 
tional  reinforcements 93 

his  proclamation  of  July  2,  1862 94 

his  bounty  proclamation 98 

declines  to  attend  convocation  of  governors  at  Altoona 117 

issues  a  new  proclamation  abolishing  bounties  for  recruits  for  regi 
ments  in  the  field 118 

turns  his  trust  over  to  Horatio  Seymour,  declines  pay  for  services  as 

major  general 132 

total  number  of  men  sent  to  the  front  under  his  administration 140 

mentioned.  .6.  7,  u,  13.  14.  15,  17,  22,  27.  47,  55.  95,  97,  102,  103.  106.  107 

140,   144.  145 

Morgan,  Edwin  D..  Jr.,  aide-de-camp 15,  17 

Morris,  George  P.,  mentioned 164 

Morris,   Lewis  O.,  colonel  Seventh  New  York  Heavy  Artillery,  killed 

before  Cold  Harbor,  Va 100,  132 

Morris,  William  H.,  colonel,  sketch  of  his  life 104 

brigadier  general  162 

Morton,  Oliver  P.,  governor  of  Indiana 27 


1 84  INDEX. 

PAGE 

Mulligan,  Richard,  colonel,  mentioned 48,  62 

Murfreesboro,  Tenn.,  battle  of 132 

Myer,  Aaron  B.,  major,  dies  of  wounds  received  in  the  Wilderness,  Va.  101 

Myers,  Charles  G.,  attorney  general,  mentioned .14,  21 

visits  New  York  regiments  in  the  defenses  of  Washington,  D.  C 42 

N. 

National  Guard 80,  91,  119 

National   Guard  law 80,  1 19 

Nelson,  William,  general,  wins  fight  at  Pikeville,  Ky 67 

New  Orleans,  La.,  capture  of 92 

New  York  city,  regiments  from 12 

defenses  of 70,  75,   167-168 

riot  in 1 16 

Newspapers,  during  Civil  War 113-114 

Norfolk,  Va.,  evacuation  by  rebels 89 

Norton,  Franklin,  lieutenant  colonel,  killed  in  action  at  Chancellorsville, 
Va 101 

O. 

Officers: 

appointment   of 15,  31,  34     46 

resignations   of 31,  56 

inefficiency 32 

state  examinations  56 

Opdyke,  George,  mentioned 20 

P. 

Palmerston,  Lord,  the  British  premier 22 

Pamlico  Sound,  N.  C.,  occupation  on. . . 92 

Paris,  Compte  de,  mentioned 69 

Parmenter,  F.  W.,  accused  as  a  traitor 22,  23 

Parrott  field  pieces 23,  83 

Patrick,  Marsena,  general,  mentioned 6,  7,  24,  no 

characteristics 25 

appointed  inspector  general  of  state  troops 26 


INDEX.  185 

PAGE 

Patrick,  Marsena,    audits   accounts 41 

applies  for  duty  in  the  field 68 

disagreement  with  Governor  Morgan 77 

becomes  provost  marshal  general  of  the  armies  of  the  Potomac  and 

the  James 78 

Paulding,  Edmund  E.,  major,  and  paymaster 109 

Paymasters 38 

Peck,  John  J.,  Union  general 28,  104 

Peissner,  Elias,  professor  and  colonel,  killed  in  action  at  Chancellors- 

ville,  Va 101 

Peninsula  campaign 88 

Phelps,  Royal,  member  of  assembly 77 

Phillips  Island,  capture  of  forts  at 49 

Pickett,  'George  E.,  confederate  general,  mentioned. . 39 

Pikeville,  Ky.,  success  of  General  Nelson  at 67 

Pittsburg  Landing,  Tenn.,  battle  of 92 

Pope,  John,  major  general,  in  command  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac..  106 

his  defeat  at  Second  Bull  Run no 

relinquishes  command   no,  112 

mentioned  133,  146 

Port  Royal,  S.  C. : 

base  of  operations  at 49 

reduction  of  forts  at 67 

Porter,  Peter  A.,  member  of  assembly 77 

colonel  of  the  Eighth  New  York  Artillery;  killed  at  Cold  Harbor, 

Va 132 

Porter,  Peter  B.,  secretary  of  war,  mentioned 77 

Post,    A.,    mentioned 99 

Potomac,  passage  of,  by  Lee 131 

Potter,  Alonzo,  bishop  of  Pennsylvania,  mentioned 164 

Potter,  Henry  C.,  bishop  of  New  York,  mentioned 164 

Potter,  Joseph  H.,  general 28 

Potter,  Robert  B.,  brigadier  general 162,  164 

Pratt,  Calvin  E.,  brigadier  general 162,  164 

Premium,  on  certain  number  of  recruits  presented  and  passed 54 


1 86  INDEX. 

i 

PAGE 

Price,  Edward  Livingston,  colonel 139 

Price,  Sterling,  confederate  general 48,  62 

Pringle,  Benjajnin,  member  of  assembly 77 

Proclamation,   of  Governor   Morgan,   making  call   for  seventeen   regi 
ments  ii 

calling  for  volunteers 45 

for  stimulating  enlistments 55 

on  need  of  reinforcing  the  armies 94 

on  desirability  of  a  uniform  bounty 98 

on  state  bounties no 

Proclamation,  of  President  Lincoln,  calling  into  service  75,ooo  militia...  n 

for  volunteers,  after  Bull  Run  disaster 45 

calling  for  300,000  additional  volunteers 93,  in 

declaring  the  emancipation  of  all  slaves 114 

Pruyn,  Charles  E.,  adjutant  and  major,  killed  in  action  before  Petersburg 

Va.  (June  15,  1864) 106 

Q. 

Quartermaster  general,  headquarters 18 

Quartermaster's  department,  demeanor  of  officers 51 

Quinby,  Isaac  F.,  mentioned 28 

brigadier  general  162 

R. 

Rathbone,  John   F.,   brigadier   general   in   charge   of  military   depot   at 

Albany    18,   49,  154 

Raymond,  Henry  J.,  editor  of  the  New  York  Times 77 

Raynolds,  William  F.,  mentioned 28 

Read,  John  Meredith,  adjutant  general 14 

characteristics 16 

issues  General  Order  41 32 

resigns    50 

Reynolds,  Joseph  J.,  general 28 

Rice,  James  C.,  brigadier  general 162 

killed  in  action  at  the  Wilderness. .                                                       ...  166 


INDEX.  187 

PAGE 

Richards,  Samuel  R.,  colonel 100,  106 

Richmond,  Van  Rensselaer,  state  engineer,  mentioned 14 

Riflemen,  first  levy n 

Ripley,  Roswell  S.,  mentioned 28 

Robinson,   Lucius,  comptroller 67,  76,  97 

"Rocket  battalion  "    58 

Rodgers,  John,  United  States  Navy,  at  the  battle  of  Drewrys  Bluff,  Va.  89 

Roosevelt,  Theodore,  President  of  the  United  States,  mentioned 148 

Roosevelt,  Theodore,  appointed  by  President  Lincoln  chairman  of  the 

commission  for  the  protection  of  soldiers'  families 148,  150,  151 

Rosa,  Rudolph,  colonel 47 

Rosecrans,  William  Starke,  major  general  of  volunteers 55 

Rumsey,  William,  captain 160 

Russell,  David  A.,  brigadier  general,  killed  in  action  at  the  Opequon.  . .  .  166 

S. 

Salm-Salm,  Prince  Felix 57 

Sammons,  Simeon,  colonel 105 

Sandford,  Charles  W.,  major  general  of  militia 55 

Schriver,  Edmund,  general  United  States  Army,  sketch  of  life 16,  17 

resigns  from  governor's  staff 55 

Schurz,  Carl,  major  general  of  volunteers 57 

Schuyler,  Jacob  R.,  commissioned  to  purchase  arms  in  Europe. ..  .22,  82,  83 

Scott,  Winfield,  lieutenant  general,  mentioned 63 

retired  64 

president  of  the  "  Protective  War  Claim  Association  '' 151 

Segoine,  Jesse,   colonel 51,  52 

Seward,  William  Henry,  secretary  of  state 26,  42,  52,  75,  123,  139,  162 

Seward,  William  H.,  Jr.,  brigadier  general 162,  164 

Seymour,  Horatio,  nominated  for  governor 127 

elected 128 

Governor  Morgan  surrenders  his  trust  to  him 132 

Shaler,  Alexander,  brigadier  general 162 

Sharpe,  George   H.,  colonel 99,  104 


i88  INDEX. 

Sharpshooters:  PAGE 

in  1861  and  1862 133 

in  December,  1862 127 

Shepard,  Elliott  F.,  aide-de-camp 15 

assistant  inspector  general 99 

colonel  and  in  command  of  the  Elmira  depot 160 

Sheridan,  Philip  Henry,  general,  United  States  Army,  mentioned 60 

Sherman,    Thomas  W.,    general   in   command   of  expedition   to   Hilton 

Head,  S.  C 49,  68 

Shields,  James,  brigadier  general,  mentioned 49 

Shiloh,  Tenn.,  battle  of 92 

Ship  Island,  Miss 92 

Sickles,  Daniel  Edgar,  colonel  and  brigadier  general 46 

contemptuous  of  state  authority 47 

promoted  brigadier   general 162 

Sigel,  Franz,  general  of  volunteers 57 

Sitgreaves,  Lorenzo,  colonel,  sketch  of  life 17 

Slavery,  institution  of  1 16 

Slidell,  John,  confederate  agent  to  England 17,  69,  74 

Slocum,  Henry  Warner,  brigadier  general 162 

commands  the  right  wing  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  and  the  left 

wing  of  Sherman's  in  the  march  to  the  sea 163 

Smith,  Charles  Emory,  assistant  adjutant  general 154 

South  Mountain,  Md.,  battle  of 112 

Spottsylvania  Court-House,  Va 132 

Sprague,  John  T.,  major,  appointed  general  superintendent  of  recruiting 

service in 

adjutant    general 140 

Springsteed,  Edward  A.,  major,  killed  at  Reams  Station,  Va 100 

Stahel,  Julius,  lieutenant  colonel  and  brigadier  general 57,  162 

Stanton,  Edwin  M.,  secretary  of  war,  approves  project  for  special  volun 
teer  medical  corps  in  the  field 91 

mentioned '. 122,    130,  139 

Starin,  John  H.,  contractor,  for  feeding  state  troops 105 

Steele,   Frederick,   general 28 

Steinwehr,  Adolph  von,  brigadier  general 162 

Stetson,  Lemuel,  member  of  assembly 77 


INDEX.  189 

PAGE 

Stevens,  Isaac  I.,  brigadier  general 162 

killed  in  action  at  Chantilly,  Va 166 

Stevens,  John,  his  proposed  iron  clad  batteries 79 

Stevens,  Robert  L.,  his  floating  iron  clad  battery 79,  80 

Stone,  Charles  P.,  brigadier  general  of  volunteers,  sketch  of  his  life 63 

Storehouses  153 

Stunner,  Edwin  V.,  major  general,  died  Syracuse,  N.  Y 166 

Supervisor   of   disbursements 25 

Supplies: 

expenditures  for    61 

contracts  for  61 

settlement  of  accounts  for 144 

Surgeons,  volunteer 91 

Surgeon's  mate,  use  of  term 15,  37 

T. 

Tammany  regiment  63 

Taylor,  Nelson,  brigadier  general 162 

Taylor,  William  B.,  state  engineer  proposes  to  convert  canals  of  the 

state  into  ship  canals 78,  79 

Thomson,  William  H.,  Dr.,  examining  surgeon 135 

Tibbits,  William  B.,  brigadier  general 162 

Todleben,  Francois  Edward,  mentioned 130 

Tompkins,  Daniel  D.,  assistant  quartermaster  general 51,  52 

Totten,  Joseph  G.,  brigadier  general  of  engineers 72 

Townsend,  Frederick,  colonel,  his  command,  the  Seventh  New  York, 

fired  into  by  the  Third  New  York  at  Big  Bethel,  Va 36 

Tracy,  Benjamin  F.,  member  of  assembly 77 

in  command  of  confederate  prisoners  at  Elmira 159 

Tremain,  Lyman,  nominated  for  lieutenant  governor 127 

his  defeat  128 

"  Trent  affair  "  69,  74 

Trobriand,  P.  Regis  de,  colonel 47 

brigadier  general  59>  J62 

Tuthill,  Selah  O.,  adjutant 104 

Twiggs,  David  E.,  general,  mentioned 9,  50,  96 


INDEX. 

U. 
Uniforms:  PAGE 

proposals  to  furnish 19 

difficulty  in  procuring 20 

poor  materials   20 

certificates  of  inspection <  20 

predilection  for  gaudy  and  unusual  styles 30 

responsibility  for  inferior  quality 41 

Zouave  uniform 58 

lost  or  destroyed,  reimbursement  for 81 

requisitions  for    96 

audit  of  claims  for 144 

Union  defense  committee: 

organization    12 

expenses  12 

Ullman,  Daniel,  brigadier  general 162,  164 

Upton,   Emory,   lieutenant  and  colonel 105 

brigadier  general   162,  165 

Utassy,  Frederick  George,  d',  colonel 47 

V. 

Van  Alen,  James  H.,  brigadier  general 162 

Van  Benthuysen,  Charles,  mentioned no 

Van  Buren,  John,  believes  the  President  should  declare  an  armistice 129 

Van  Buren,  Thomas  B.,  paymaster  general 15,     38 

Vanderpoel,  Isaac,  colonel,  military  storekeeper 159 

Vander  Poel,  Samuel  Oakley,  surgeon  general 14 

high  administrative  qualities  displayed 37,     62 

organizes  special  medical  corps 91,  135,  146 

mentioned 153 

Van  Valkenburgh,   Robert  B.,  brigadier  general  in  charge  of  military 

depot  at  Elmira 18,  49,  159 

colonel  of  volunteers 160 

Van  Vechten,  Cuyler,  quartermaster  general 14 

inspector  general 96,  99,  143,  146 

Van  Wyck,  Charles  H.,  brigadier  general 162,  164 

Vinton,  David  H.,  lieutenant  colonel  and  deputy  quartermaster  general.     96 


INDEX.  191 

PAGE. 

Vinton,  Francis  L.,  brigadier  general K>2,  164 

Volunteers  : 

considered  a  part  of  the  militia 31.  34 

first  division  organized 32 

See  also  Militia. 

Von  Gilsa,  Leopold,  colonel 47 

W. 
Wadsworth,  James  Samuel,  appointment  as  major  general  by  Governor 

Morgan  repudiated  by  national  authorities 35 

appointed  brigadier  general  by  the  President 38 

sketch  of  his  life 38~39 

nominated  for  governor 127 

his  defeat  and  the  causes  for  it 128 

his  death  in  the  Wilderness 166 

Walker,  Charles  C.  B.,  captain 18 

colonel  and  military  storekeeper 159 

Wallace,   George   W.,   appointed  commissary   of   subsistence   on   General 

(Governor)  Morgan's  staff,  sketch  of  his  life 96 

War  committee  94 

War  department,  controversy  with 27 

Ward,  J.  H.  Hobart,  brigadier  general 162,  164 

Warren,  Gouverneur  Kemble,  brigadier  general 162,  164 

Washington : 

prevention  of  capture  at  outset  of  rebellion 13 

concentration  of  troops  about 42 

Weber,  Max,  brigadier  general 162 

Webster,  Daniel,  mentioned 39 

Weed,  Thurlow,  his  hostility  to  recruits  from  the  old  Democratic  party. .  128 

Welch,  Benjamin,  Jr.,  chief  of  ordnance 143,  146 

West  Point,  Va.,  success  at 89 

Westbrook,  Simon  S.,  captain 104 

Wey,  William  C.,  Dr.,  examining  surgeon 135 

Wheaton,  Frank,  major  general,  United  States  Army,  sketch  of  life 17-18 

Whitney,  Thomas  R.,  member  of  Congress,  mentioned 5 


192  INDEX. 

PAGE. 

Wilkes,    John,    captain,    United    States    Nary,   captures    British    steamer 

Trent 17,  6g,  75 

Willard,  George  L.,  colonel,  killed  in  action  at  Gettysburg,  Pa 101 

Wilsons  Creek,  Mo.,  battle  at 48,  62 

Winthrop,  Theodore,  major,  killed  at  Big  Bethel,  Va 36 

sketch  of  his  life 36 

Wood,  Fernando,  his  reference  to  Governor  Seymour's  election 128-129 

Y. 
Yates,  Charles,  brigadier  general  in  charge  of  the  military  depot  at  New 

York 1 8,  49,  154 

Yates,  Richard,  governor  of  Illinois 27 

Z. 

Zook,  Samuel  K.,  brigadier  general 162 

killed  at  Gettysburg 166 

Zouaves,  proposed  regiment  of 58 


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